阅读理解专题1 细节事实学案-2025届高考英语一轮复习阅读专项

高中英语阅读理解专题

细节事实题型突破

阅读能力要求

英语学科听说读写四项关键能力、其中读是基础也是重中之重，主要是阅读中知识信息获取能力和思维认知能力，其中包括：

1）理解主旨要义；  2）理解文中具体信息； 3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；

4）做出判断和推理；  5）理解文章的基本结构； 6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

学习任务

学生静下心来，“快、准、狠”突破细节题型必须掌握：

1. 快速识别细节事实题型；
2. 掌握直接、间接、逆向排除突破技巧；
3. 学会推测材料和选项中的生词；
4. 识别选项设置出现的陷阱。

目标1: 识别细节事实题型，分析选项侧重点

例1.  （独立）分析3要素，简要写出前后设问不同之处

1. What did Joh plan to do at the trial according to Paragraph 3? 

2. At the trial, John Planned __________       

3. What can we infer about the trial (in Paragraph 3)?    

4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?    

5. What is the main idea/ the purpose/ the title of the text?   

6. How much should be paid when visiting the park?    

例2.  勾画问题的3要素和选项侧重点

21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?

A. He got an older model than he had expected.

B. He couldn’t return it when it was broken.

C. He could have bought it at a lower price.

D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.

目标2 细节事实突破技巧

1. 直接信息题

例3.  （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路

Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.

6．A home environment in blue can help people _____________.

A．digest food better       B．reduce food intake

C．burn more calories      D．regain their appetites

目标3：处理材料和选项中的生词

例4.  (独立)推断划横线部分的含义

Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.

6．A home environment in blue can help people _____________.

A．digest food better       B．reduce food intake

C．burn more calories(卡路里) D．regain their appetites

例5.  （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路

From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books，and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.

41．According to the passage，children’s fear and dislike of books may result from _______ .

A．reading little and thinking little     B．reading often and adventurously

C．being made to read too much    D．being made to read aloud before others

例6.  （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路

When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her , then there were baths, playing catch and many other games . Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and sit with them. We always felt better when she was around.

41. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?

   A. Look at them sadly.             B. Keep them company.

   C. Play games with them.         D. Touch them gently.

2. 间接信息题

2.1. 图文转换题

例7.  （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路

Bar Graphs

A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1，we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned，and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade. You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this (See Graph 1)．

47．What is the total number of students who earned a C or better?

A．4.    B．6.    C．10.   D．20

2.2. 数字计算题

例8.  （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路

Tuition Fees (学费)

Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.

Accommodation (住宿)

You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ waikato.cn

Q: You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.

A. $5,250    B. $8,000     C. $9,000      D. $11,000

2.3. 细节排序题

例9.  （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路

A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart .

 Izzy , nine ,restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing .

 Izzy’s mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.

 However, she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough, so she stamped on her father’s chest instead.

 Debbie them took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived .

 Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said：“I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn’t strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse, My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest .”

“She’s a little star,” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can’t believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up, Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we’ve got to see an expert.”

40. What’s the right order of the events?

① Izzy kicked Colm     ② Debbie called 999  

③ Izzy learned CPR     ④ Colm’s heart stopped.

A. ③①②④    B.④②③①     C. ③④②①    D. ④③①②

3. 逆向排除题（是非判断题型）

例10.   （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路

Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.

Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick.

Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.

Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.

When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch