阅读理解专题1 细节事实学案-2025届高考英语一轮复习阅读专项

高中英语阅读理解专题 细节事实题型突破 阅读能力要求 英语学科听说读写四项关键能力、其中读是基础也是重中之重，主要是阅读中知识信息获取能力和思维认知能力，其中包括： 1）理解主旨要义； 2）理解文中具体信息； 3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； 4）做出判断和推理； 5）理解文章的基本结构； 6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 学习任务 学生静下心来，“快、准、狠”突破细节题型必须掌握： 1. 快速识别细节事实题型； 2. 掌握直接、间接、逆向排除突破技巧； 3. 学会推测材料和选项中的生词； 4. 识别选项设置出现的陷阱。 目标1: 识别细节事实题型，分析选项侧重点 例1. （独立）分析3要素，简要写出前后设问不同之处 1. What did Joh plan to do at the trial according to Paragraph 3? 2. At the trial, John Planned __________ 3. What can we infer about the trial (in Paragraph 3)? 4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? 5. What is the main idea/ the purpose/ the title of the text? 6. How much should be paid when visiting the park? 例2. 勾画问题的3要素和选项侧重点 21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A. He got an older model than he had expected. B. He couldn’t return it when it was broken. C. He could have bought it at a lower price. D. He failed to find any movie shows on it. 目标2 细节事实突破技巧 1. 直接信息题 例3. （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路 Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue. 6．A home environment in blue can help people _____________. A．digest food better B．reduce food intake C．burn more calories D．regain their appetites 目标3：处理材料和选项中的生词 例4. (独立)推断划横线部分的含义 Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue. 6．A home environment in blue can help people _____________. A．digest food better B．reduce food intake C．burn more calories(卡路里) D．regain their appetites 例5. （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路 From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books，and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously. 41．According to the passage，children’s fear and dislike of books may result from _______ . A．reading little and thinking little B．reading often and adventurously C．being made to read too much D．being made to read aloud before others 例6. （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路 When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her , then there were baths, playing catch and many other games . Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and sit with them. We always felt better when she was around. 41. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family? A. Look at them sadly. B. Keep them company. C. Play games with them. D. Touch them gently. 2. 间接信息题 2.1. 图文转换题 例7. （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路 Bar Graphs A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts. In Graph 1，we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned，and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade. You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this (See Graph 1)． 47．What is the total number of students who earned a C or better? A．4. B．6. C．10. D．20 2.2. 数字计算题 例8. （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路 Tuition Fees (学费) Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac. Accommodation (住宿) You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ waikato.cn Q: You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000 2.3. 细节排序题 例9. （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路 A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart . Izzy , nine ,restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing . Izzy’s mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR. However, she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough, so she stamped on her father’s chest instead. Debbie them took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived . Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said：“I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn’t strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse, My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest .” “She’s a little star,” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can’t believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up, Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we’ve got to see an expert.” 40. What’s the right order of the events? ① Izzy kicked Colm ② Debbie called 999 ③ Izzy learned CPR ④ Colm’s heart stopped. A. ③①②④ B.④②③① C. ③④②① D. ④③①② 3. 逆向排除题（是非判断题型） 例10. （独立）快速答题，然后分享答题思路 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Food when poisoned can make people sick. B. Food poisoning means death. C. Food poisoning comes in varieties. D. Food poisoning can be serious. 目标4 选项干扰设置特点 例11. 写出下列答案出错原因 The next morning, it’s 9:00. Lucy rushed out of the room and hurried to school. She found Tom’s English book lying in the middle of the road. A. Lucy hurried to her home. B. Tom rushed to school. C. The school lay in the middle of the road. D. Lucy found Tom on the way to school. E. Lucy was late that morning. F. Tom was so careless. G. We should take good care of our belongings. 例12. 课堂小结，在“出错→反思→再实践”过程中成长 结合课堂板书小结内容，思考阅读理解做题时出现下列情况如何解决 1. 无从下手、漫无目的 2. 无法理解原文关键句子含义 3. 二选一还是选错 例13. （独立）判断下列设问属于哪种题型，并准确扑捉突破思路 1. What did Johnson plan to do after the trial? 2. After the trial, Johnson plan to _______________ 3. What is the most challenging for mothering? 4. According to paragraph 3，before going to school，Americans had little idea about _______. 5. How much will a student pay a year if he wants to learn in London? 6. Which of the following pictures can describe a water bear? 7. Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? 8. Which of the following statements is (not) true/correct? 9. All the statements are true except __________ . 课后强化练习 1. （2019年全国1卷） Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies? 27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy. C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards. 2. （2019年全国1卷） “I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，”she said. 29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 3. （2019年全国1卷） HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution（解决方案）. “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager. 33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education 4. （2019年全国1卷） “There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s a hard business review of your product.” Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响） on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework. 5. （2019年全国2卷） For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s, nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. 24. What made Chris nervous？ A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question. 6. （2019年全国2卷C） As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. 28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard? A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection. 29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？ A. Computers are much easier to operate. B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. Data security measures are guaranteed. 7. （2019年全国2卷） Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us." Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said. 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 答案： 课堂讲解： 例1.略 例2.略 例3.B 例4. consumed:吃，消耗； repaint：重刷油漆 例5. D 例6. B 例7. D 例8. B 例9. C 例10. B 例11. 1. 偷换宾语， 2. 偷换主语， 3. 不同句子杂糅， 4. Tom's English book 换成Tom，修饰部分当中心词，5. 推断， 6. 推断，7.无中生有 例12.略 例13.略 课后强化: 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5.B 6. DC 7. B 细节事实突破策略学案 第7页，共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$