阅读理解(2024)分项练习-2025届高三英语二轮复习

2024年全国高考英语卷阅读理解分类汇编

Task 1. 表面细节事实

1. (2024 北京卷 D) The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.

33. What can we learn from this passage?

A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.

B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms.

C. Language capacity is limited by self-control.

D. Written laws have great influence on virtues.

2. (2024 北京卷 B) But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.

25. In her 30s, the author _________.

A. avoided oil painting practice   B. sought for a painting career

C. fancied abstract painting   D. exhibited child paintings

3. (2024 全国甲卷 B) Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.

5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?

A. By listening for sounds.    B. By touching familiar objects.

C. By checking on smells.    D. By communicating with other cats.

4. (2024 全国甲卷 C) The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the

sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.

8. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?

A. It runs across countries.     B. It reserves seats for the seniors.

C. It functions as a hospital.    D. It travels along a river.

5. (2024 全国甲卷 C) The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.

10. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?

A. About a year.      B. About ten months.

C. About two months.     D. About two weeks.

6. (2024 全国甲卷 D) “I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.

12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?

A. To discuss a novel.     B. To submit a book report.

C. To argue for a writer.    D. To ask for a reading list.

7. (2024 全国甲卷 D) This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.

13. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?

A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.

B. Readers are often carried away by character.

C. Each type of literature has its unique end.

D. A story which begins well will end well.

8. (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 B) Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago

when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.

25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?

A. He was trained in it at university.  B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.

C. He benefited from it as a patient.   D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.

9. (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 C) But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.

29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?

A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.  B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.

C. People select digital texts randomly.  D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.

10. (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 C) Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.

30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?

A. They can hold students' attention.  B. They are more convenient to prepare.

C. They help develop advanced skills.  D. They are more informative than text.

11. (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 D)  “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”

33. What does Daru’s study focus on?

A. Threatened species.     B. Physical specimens.

C. Observational data.    D. Mobile applications.

12. (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷 D) “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.

34. What has led to the biases according to the study?

A. Mistakes in data analysis.   B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.