14 GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（III）（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年春季高考英语

14 GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（III） 目 录 第一套 ·基础演练 第二套· 重难演练 第三套· 模拟演练 01·基础演练 A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Don’t Wait a Year to Make Resolutions I was a heavy drinker before I gave it up. So I made a resolution. I looked in the mirror and said to myself: “It’s early evening. Drink whatever you want now, but it all ends at 11:59. We start anew tomorrow.” I am a big believer in the fresh start, which is 1 many of us look to on New Year’s. But I think New Year’s resolutions are pointless. We depend so much on them, and if we slip on Jan. 12, we give them up. Better luck next year. Thus I 2 (have) my last drink not on Dec. 31 but on a random Saturday in the spring three years ago. Random Saturdays are opportunities, though we don’t tend 3 (look) at them that way. We feel as if we must have everything in order in our lives, with desk 4 (clear) of waste papers, and pencils all sharpened and in a row, before we start writing the story. But that’s not how stories are composed or anything gets done. They 5 (create) in the small starts that link part to part until you have a road and you are walking down it. There are all kinds of ways to get off to a mini-start 6 can lead to a big end. I like to use a fresh week. Because I’m competitive and it helps motivate me, I play what I call the Week Game. On Saturday, as the week ends and 7 is about to begin, I look back on what I did over seven days. I wrote this many stories, published this many pieces, talked on the radio this many times, and ran this many miles. I’m awfully good at the Week Game now, and I take pride 8 it. For the people who wish to hold me back, I can say, “my week is your career,” and my numbers — because I start it over and over — bear it out. It gives me more energy and purpose when life is very hard. It stops me 9 (give) up. We feel extremely let down if we can’t get on well with New Year’s resolutions. Then you’re supposed to wait a year! That’s not going to help you, 10 you want to drink less or read more books. A series of constant fresh starts adds up to a life well-lived. B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．active   B．challenges   C． drowned   D．endure   E. founded   F. matches   G. old-fashioned   H. philosophy   I. purify   J. tested   K. time-consuming Survival School Southern Utah in the United States is a land of extremes. The normally dry desert is occasionally 11 in summer rainstorms. The days are very hot and the nights very cold. It is also a beautiful place with a long history of human habitation. Perhaps it’s no surprise that modern outdoor adventurers come to southern Utah to go hiking, camping, and horseback riding in the area’s national forests, or to see the fantastic rock formations in Bryce Canyon National Park. What might surprise you is that some of the adventurers choose to spend their time outdoors with little food or water and no modern camping equipment. Instead, they’re learning to live in the wilderness in the 12 way. The Boulder Outdoor Survival School (BOSS), 13 in 1968, is the world’s oldest survival school. With its 14 of “Know more; carry less”, BOSS teaches its students techniques for surviving outdoors without tents, backpacks, or sleeping bags. Participants learn to make shelters from leaves or snow, to find and 15 water for drinking, and to eat what they can find in the wild. The students and instructors end their day around a crackling campfire, but the fire is made using stones and brush from the area, not 16 . The school’s courses are not for everyone. Students must arrive in excellent physical health in order to 17 hikes of up to 30 miles through Utah’s deserts and canyons. They must be 18 learners because they’ll need all the skills the BOSS instructors teach them in order to survive a field course, which can last from one week to one month. The field course also includes “solo” time, when students are 19 in a very real way on everything they’ve learned. For the people who take BOSS’s courses, there is nothing better. If they wanted to spend time outdoors in comfort, they would pack their camping equipment and perhaps their GPS system and join the rest of Utah’s outdoor enthusiasts. Instead, these campers love the way BOSS 20 their minds and bodies. And the confidence they gain from knowing how to survive without a lot of technology is the reward these brave people are looking for. C “Journalism” came into existence when reliable information was scarce. As newspaper publishing and distribution grew, editors had to satisfy demands for 21 as well as entertainment. The effort to be trusted came to be the distinguishing mark of journalism. But printing technology made journalism powerful: a few people gathered sorted and 22 news and hoped that many people would buy it. However, three changes turned this 23 of public information into today’s glut (过剩): the invention of radio and television, digital technology such as email, and finally the Internet. Digital communications not only increased the amount of easily-reached information but 24 the power of traditional publishing. Anyone can now publish their thoughts and their books for free to a global audience. Old-fashioned print publishing by the few to the many sits 25 next to successful “peer-to-peer” networks. Against this background, citizen journalism’ can simply mean a wider range of 26 . Big events that leave media organisations rushing to get to the right spots are now covered by 27 witnesses who send instant photos and videos from their mobile phones. Where established reporters fear to go — war zones being the obvious 28 — the voice of the ordinary citizen journalist may be the only believable news source. But if it is the case that anyone can be a journalist, what is journalism? Whatever the era and technology, it must surely involve an organised attempt to show what is happening, to reduce or eliminate 29 about what is true. Journalists still gather the basic news, but must also meet the need to give it meaning and context. We analyse news in the context of instant global conversations that can involve a handful of people or millions. The forces of change may bring down media empires that fail to adapt, but they do not 30 the idea of journalism. The need to know the accuracy of what they are reading or watching does not 31 because you have a lot of new ways of finding facts and other points of view. The nature of the news and opinion people now consume is changing: more varied, less 32 , often like an everyday conversation. Also the way people sample and use news and opinion is changing: they dip in and out of news all day. But the business of getting accurate basic data to consumers, of building platforms that people 33 remains valuable work despite the changing background. Some citizen journalists make a real contribution to this; some don’t. In other words, we’re back where we started: 34 accuracy and honesty. The most important question 35 of news and opinion will ask themselves is the question they have always asked: do I trust this source to tell me something true and useful? 21．A．shock B．timeliness C．accuracy D．openness 22．A．edited B．distributed C．invented D．hid 23．A．conveyance B．shortage C．management D．supply 24．A．ignored B．enhanced C．applied D．weakened 25．A．uneasily B．unexpectedly C．confidently D．surprisingly 26．A．events B．readers C．sources D．facilities 27．A．volunteer B．amateur C．professional D．subjective 28．A．area B．factor C．effect D．example 29．A．doubt B．curiosity C．remarks D．statements 30．A．construct B．destroy C．communicate D．protect 31．A．arise B．disapprove C．disappear D．remain 32．A．shameful B．exciting C．noteworthy D．formal 33．A．trust B．introduce C．remove D．design 34．A．keeping pace with B．taking advantage of C．making judgements about D．losing control of 35．A．reporters B．consumers C．gatherers D．editors 02·重难演练 A Coping With the Sunday Scaries A few years ago, I was in the kitchen of a friend’s house preparing a meal. When we all sat down to eat, my friend’s wife wolfed down her supper and then disappeared into another room to do some work. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Monday mornings around here.” I was surprised at the time. Now, I find myself 1 (behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I open up my calendar on Sunday evening, a subtle sense of dread comes over me. I feel 2 I am behind before the week has even begun. Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Monday-morning blues are not unique to me alone. A new study led by Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that these Sunday scaries were particularly pronounced among people who frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks 3 (leave) over from the previous week, and had unreasonably high expectations 4 themselves. These matters seem to be made worse as a result of the pandemic, where the rise of working from home 5 (blur) the boundaries between work and leisure since then. What should we do about the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have offered some useful suggestions that 6 help us make Monday less depressing. One is to change 7 you think about the weekend. One U.S. study found that when participants 8 (ask) to treat their weekend as a mini-vacation, they tended to do more cheerful activities and returned to work on Monday satisfied with their jobs. The second way is to redesign our Monday so that it has some of the features 9 make us feel good during the weekend. Introducing simple changes, such as setting up a lunchtime date with 10 is enjoyable to be around, could make all the difference. B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．approach    B．convinced    C． exposed    D．insecure     E. opted    F. occasionally G. repeat      H. restrictive     I. say        J. sank         K. steadily When I was a child, I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant 11 throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect my children’s weight with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and talk her out of a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart 12 . It made me realize my advice on snacks might be having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not 13 that food is one of them,” she says. “This may leave kids feeling worried and 14 , and those feelings aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept called the “Division of Responsibility”. In this 15 , parents provide a variety of healthy foods for their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to eat. That may mean a kid 16 consumes more cookies than carrots. Kids, when allowed to eat what they want, are also 17 to the natural consequences of their choices. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you 18 to eat something different,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have a(n) 19 in it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less 20 , they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Whether they eat it or not, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden, it clicks.” C Companies spend billions advertising to children and young teens. Though most don’t have jobs or a steady income, Generation Alpha in the U.S. still managed to spend US$101 billion in 2024, indicating to advertisers that they are a 21 market. Young people represent a goldmine of future 22 , so if companies develop brand loyalty early, they’ll have customers for life. And though young people’s ready cash is limited, they possess the ability to 23 their parents to buy them things. With no living expenses to pay, children are easily tempted into purchasing 24 products. Their still-developing brains also make them easy 25 for advertisers as they may be too young to recognize false claims made in ads. As children’s use of internet-connected devices increases, so does the reach of advertising. Ads are 26 into video games, TikToks, movies and even school materials. Advertising has its uses. It informs consumers about 27 products and encourages business competition. However, it can have a negative impact on consumers — especially children and teens. Advertisers use bright colors, prizes, humor, music, characters and celebrity support to suggest that a product brings happiness or earns you 28 . For children and youth, who have lower self-control, these advertisements have a powerful effect. They can lead to unhealthy choices like smoking, drinking or eating junk food. Ads can also harm one’s self-image by promoting 29 beauty standards. They also encourage 30 , making people believe happiness comes from shopping. This constant pressure to keep up with trends leaves many feeling anxious and dissatisfied. As advertising increases, so does the need for government 31 . Ads are already 32 on kids’ channels, and false claims are illegal. As of January 2025, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) also requires parents’ permission before companies can use children’s data to 33 ads. Though regulations can help protect you from some of advertising’s negative influences, they aren’t enough. It’s important to understand how ads work to gain greater control over your buying habits. Use 34 thinking: What does the ad promise? Is it too good to be true? Can the source be trusted? Finally, 35 screen time to avoid ads and reduce unplanned spending. While advertising is an unavoidable part of modern life, it doesn’t have to control your choices or decide your lifestyle. 21．A．mature B．worthwhile C．global D．typical 22．A．trends B．generations C．profits D．goals 23．A．persuade B．forbid C．attract D．appeal 24．A．undersized B．undervalued C．overestimated D．overpriced 25．A．targets B．access C．alternative D．victory 26．A．involved B．transformed C．woven D．divided 27．A．standard B．innovative C．potential D．vital 28．A．health B．sympathy C．stability D．admiration 29．A．unrelated B．unremarkable C．unrealistic D．unreliable 30．A．consumerism B．perseverance C．sustainability D．competition 31．A．insurance B．interaction C．intervention D．investigation 32．A．allowed B．restricted C．adapted D．granted 33．A．tailor B．deliver C．remove D．process 34．A．contradictory B．creative C．conventional D．critical 35．A．pay attention to B．keep up with C．cut back on D．get down to 03·模拟演练 A Standing Out and Fitting In I have always thought that if you can survive high school, you can survive anything. It is the time in a young person’s life 1 they not only are faced with the mounting pressures of school, but also have to deal with their own physical and mental development as they navigate the rocky paths of personal self-discovery. It is a difficult time when they want to stand out and show their stuff while hoping to be able to find a place where they can fit in, 2 fit in with both their peers and society. This problem of “standing out” and “fitting in” can be especially difficult in China which is, as sociologists call it, a “high-context” society. In a nutshell, a high-context society is one in which the group 3 (favor) over the individual as a result of a great many unwritten social rules and understandings. It is a kind of code that people learn to adopt as they grow up in that culture. A “low-context” society, on the other hand, prioritizes the individual over the group, which encourages people to be specific in their social interactions. This is probably 4 why Western societies, most of which are multi-cultural, are known for being plain-spoken. Does this mean that Chinese society is too conformist? I don’t think so. Western societies 5 (adopt) the word “diversity” as their motto. This has led to certain individuals and small groups within these respective societies 6 (demand) that special rights and social status be conferred upon them, which has gone on to create a significant amount of social chaos. China’s high-context society, however, provides a solid basis wherein individuals can express their personalities while still 7 (make) positive contributions to society. The Eight Eccentrics were Chinese artists who, in the middle of the Qing dynasty, altered the traditions of ink brush painting through their broad brush strokes and use of bright colours. They were “eccentric” because they were not trained artists who painted in the traditional way. For instance, Jin Nong, one of the most famous painters in the group, was so poor during his childhood that he did not start painting 8 he was more than fifty years old. Eccentric though they may have been, Jin and the other seven artists would over time become 9 (incorporate) into Chinese culture and would go on to have significant influence over more modern painters such as Qi Baishi. Being a little different and “standing out” — whether it’s you or someone else — is not necessarily a bad thing. 10 is important is that we tolerate these differences and remember that, in this big country and big world, we all belong and we all “fit in.” B A．mechanism     B．employ    C． effective    D．chemicals    E. accelerating    F. existing G. projected    H. trapped    I. alone        J. outrun    K. artificially Last July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves smashed temperature records worldwide and even brought summer temperatures to Chile and Argentina during the Southern Hemisphere’s winter. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. In the U.S. 11 , it kills more people each year than floods, tornadoes and hurricanes combined. As climate change worsens, access to 12 cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity. Yet standard air-conditioning systems have 13 us in a vicious cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the AC — and the more energy is used as a result. Nicole Miranda, an engineer researching sustainable cooling at the University of Oxford says: “it’s not only a vicious cycle, but it’s a(n) 14 one.” According to 2018 data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the worldwide annual energy demand from cooling is 15 to more than triple by 2050. It’s becoming increasingly clear that humans cannot 16 climate change with the same air-conditioning technology we’ve been using. One well-known problem with current AC systems is their reliance on refrigerant 17 , many of which are potential greenhouse gases. About 80 percent of a standard AC unit’s climate-warming emissions currently come from the energy used to power it, says Nihar Shah, director of the Global Cooling Efficiency Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Standard air-conditioning systems simultaneously (同时地) cool and dehumidify through a relatively inefficient 18 : in order to condense (使冷凝) water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool. Even with some of the best technologies available, the gains in efficiency alone might not be enough to offset the widely expected increase in air-conditioning use. It will not work to simply replace every 19 air conditioner with a better model and call it a day. Instead, a truly cooler future will have to 20 other strategies that rely on urban planning and building design to minimize the need for cooling in the first place. C At a recent gardening conference, a speaker gestured toward a slide of a rather worn-looking station wagon (旅行车) and asked how many plants it might contain. The answer, 21 , was thousands. Inside were young, leafless trees and plant roots, all carefully packed in boxes and ready for replanting. This quiet scene points to a 22 that is steadily gaining attention: the use of “bare root” plants. Bare-root plants are lifted from the ground during their resting season, with their top growth cut back and their roots washed clean. Stored in cool conditions, with roots kept damp and protected, they can later be 23 and planted with relative ease. What makes this method increasingly appealing is not only its practicality but also how well it 24 a more thoughtful, low-waste approach to gardening. The 25 begins with cost. Gardening is widely perceived as a(n) 26 hobby, and the significantly lower price of bare-root plants offers an immediate advantage. Yet the benefits extend far beyond 27 . These plants often establish more quickly once planted, adapting well to their new environment. At the same time, their environmental footprint is notably lighter. Without the need for large pots or compost (堆肥), transport becomes more efficient, and the energy required for heating and watering during growth is 28 . Designers working on large projects have begun to explore this method, though not without 29 . While bare-root planting can be highly efficient, it may introduce uncertainty in complex layouts where precise positioning is essential. 30 , successful examples demonstrate its potential. In one large-scale planting, thousands of plants were introduced without plastic, resulting in a process that proved both quicker and more efficient, particularly for species with strong root systems. The growing interest in bare-root plants also reflects a broader shift in 31 . For decades, many gardeners have relied on potted plants from garden centres, a system that often carries hidden 32 costs. In contrast, bare-root planting encourages closer attention to natural cycles. Because these plants must be handled and planted within specific seasonal windows, gardeners are encouraged to plan more carefully and work in harmony with the rhythms of 33 . Rather than being simply an alternative technique, bare-root planting suggests a different way of 34 gardening. With its combination of economy, 35 , and environmental awareness, it offers a quieter, less wasteful approach — one that may gradually reshape everyday gardening practices. 21．A．seriously B．personally C．gradually D．surprisingly 22．A．variation B．practice C．concept D．development 23．A．detected B．generated C．transported D．measured 24．A．limits B．replaces C．tests D．fits 25．A．appeal B．challenge C．discussion D．focus 26．A．rewarding B．memorable C．intense D．expensive 27．A．appearance B．flexibility C．affordability D．usefulness 28．A．reduced B．directed C．boosted D．maintained 29．A．preparation B．delay C．hesitation D．assistance 30．A．By contrast B．Even so C．In addition D．Till now 31．A．framework B．criteria C．perspective D．quantity 32．A．unnecessary B．environmental C．short-term D．economic 33．A．nature B．gardening C．change D．soil 34．A．making up B．depending on C．taking over D．thinking about 35．A．efficiency B．encouragement C．innovation D．transplant 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 14 GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（III） 目 录 第一套 ·基础演练 第二套· 重难演练 第三套· 模拟演练 01·基础演练 A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Don’t Wait a Year to Make Resolutions I was a heavy drinker before I gave it up. So I made a resolution. I looked in the mirror and said to myself: “It’s early evening. Drink whatever you want now, but it all ends at 11:59. We start anew tomorrow.” I am a big believer in the fresh start, which is 1 many of us look to on New Year’s. But I think New Year’s resolutions are pointless. We depend so much on them, and if we slip on Jan. 12, we give them up. Better luck next year. Thus I 2 (have) my last drink not on Dec. 31 but on a random Saturday in the spring three years ago. Random Saturdays are opportunities, though we don’t tend 3 (look) at them that way. We feel as if we must have everything in order in our lives, with desk 4 (clear) of waste papers, and pencils all sharpened and in a row, before we start writing the story. But that’s not how stories are composed or anything gets done. They 5 (create) in the small starts that link part to part until you have a road and you are walking down it. There are all kinds of ways to get off to a mini-start 6 can lead to a big end. I like to use a fresh week. Because I’m competitive and it helps motivate me, I play what I call the Week Game. On Saturday, as the week ends and 7 is about to begin, I look back on what I did over seven days. I wrote this many stories, published this many pieces, talked on the radio this many times, and ran this many miles. I’m awfully good at the Week Game now, and I take pride 8 it. For the people who wish to hold me back, I can say, “my week is your career,” and my numbers — because I start it over and over — bear it out. It gives me more energy and purpose when life is very hard. It stops me 9 (give) up. We feel extremely let down if we can’t get on well with New Year’s resolutions. Then you’re supposed to wait a year! That’s not going to help you, 10 you want to drink less or read more books. A series of constant fresh starts adds up to a life well-lived. 【答案】 1．what 2．had 3．to look 4．cleared 5．are created 6．that/which 7．another 8．in 9．giving 10．whether 【导语】本文作者结合自身戒酒经历，提出不必等到新年才立下目标，随时都可以开启新的起点。 【详解】1．考查表语从句。句意：我十分相信全新的开端，这也是我们很多人在新年所期盼的东西。空处引导表语从句，从句中look to缺少宾语，指“……的事物”，用连接代词what引导。 2．考查动词时态。句意：因此，我最后一次喝酒不是在12月31日，而是在三年前春天一个随意的周六。根据时间状语three years ago可知，本句为一般过去时，have的过去式是had。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：随意的周六都是机会，尽管我们并不倾向于那样看待它们。固定搭配tend to do sth. 意为“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们感觉仿佛在开始书写人生故事之前，我们必须把生活里一切安排妥当，桌面清理掉废纸，铅笔全部削好并排成一排。此处是with复合结构，desk和clear之间是被动关系，用过去分词cleared作宾语补足语。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：它们诞生于一个个微小的开端，这些开端将片段串联起来，直到你拥有一条道路，并且行走在这条路上。主语They指代stories，和create之间是被动关系；本句陈述客观道理，用一般现在时被动语态，主语为复数，谓语用are created。 6．考查定语从句。句意：有各种各样的方式开启一个微小的开端，这个微小开端能够通向宏大的结果。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是mini-start，是事物，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词that/which。 7．考查代词。句意：在周六，当这一周结束、接下来的另一周即将开始的时候，我回顾我七天里所做的事。此处指“接下来的另一周”用代词another，相当于another week。 8．考查介词。句意：我现在十分擅长这个“周游戏”，并且我为此自豪。固定搭配take pride in意为“为……自豪”。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它阻止我放弃。固定搭配stop sb. (from) doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语。 10．考查连词。句意：那不会帮到你，无论你是想少喝酒还是多读一些书。此处用whether…or…“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语。 B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．active   B．challenges   C． drowned   D．endure   E. founded   F. matches   G. old-fashioned   H. philosophy   I. purify   J. tested   K. time-consuming Survival School Southern Utah in the United States is a land of extremes. The normally dry desert is occasionally 11 in summer rainstorms. The days are very hot and the nights very cold. It is also a beautiful place with a long history of human habitation. Perhaps it’s no surprise that modern outdoor adventurers come to southern Utah to go hiking, camping, and horseback riding in the area’s national forests, or to see the fantastic rock formations in Bryce Canyon National Park. What might surprise you is that some of the adventurers choose to spend their time outdoors with little food or water and no modern camping equipment. Instead, they’re learning to live in the wilderness in the 12 way. The Boulder Outdoor Survival School (BOSS), 13 in 1968, is the world’s oldest survival school. With its 14 of “Know more; carry less”, BOSS teaches its students techniques for surviving outdoors without tents, backpacks, or sleeping bags. Participants learn to make shelters from leaves or snow, to find and 15 water for drinking, and to eat what they can find in the wild. The students and instructors end their day around a crackling campfire, but the fire is made using stones and brush from the area, not 16 . The school’s courses are not for everyone. Students must arrive in excellent physical health in order to 17 hikes of up to 30 miles through Utah’s deserts and canyons. They must be 18 learners because they’ll need all the skills the BOSS instructors teach them in order to survive a field course, which can last from one week to one month. The field course also includes “solo” time, when students are 19 in a very real way on everything they’ve learned. For the people who take BOSS’s courses, there is nothing better. If they wanted to spend time outdoors in comfort, they would pack their camping equipment and perhaps their GPS system and join the rest of Utah’s outdoor enthusiasts. Instead, these campers love the way BOSS 20 their minds and bodies. And the confidence they gain from knowing how to survive without a lot of technology is the reward these brave people are looking for. 【答案】 11．C 12．G 13．E 14．H 15．I 16．F 17．D 18．A 19．J 20．B 【导语】文章主要说明了美国犹他州南部的老牌野外生存学校BOSS，秉持少装备多学识的理念，开设艰苦野外课程，学员学习原始生存技能，在挑战中检验所学、收获自信。 【详解】11．考查动词。句意：这片通常干旱的沙漠偶尔会被夏季暴雨淹没。空处和is构成被动语态，结合“summer rainstorms”可知，drowned“淹没”符合语境。 12．考查形容词。句意：相反，他们正学习用老式的方式在野外生存。空后是名词way，需要形容词修饰，结合“little food or water and no modern camping equipment”可知，old-fashioned“老式的”符合语境。 13．考查动词。句意：博尔德野外生存学校（BOSS）建于1968年，是世界上历史最悠久的生存学校。此处为过去分词作后置定语，结合“in 1968”和“is the world’s oldest survival school”可知，founded“建立”符合语境。 14．考查名词。句意：秉持“懂得更多，携带更少”这一理念，BOSS教学生在没有帐篷、背包或睡袋的情况下户外生存的技能。空前its是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，后文“Know more; carry less”是办学理念，philosophy“理念，哲学”符合语境。 15．考查动词。句意：参与者学习用树叶或雪搭建庇护所，寻找并净化饮用水，食用野外能找到的东西。and连接并列动词，和find并列，结合“water for drinking”可知，purify“净化”符合语境。 16．考查名词。句意：师生们在噼啪作响的篝火旁结束一天，但火堆是用当地的石头和灌木枝生起来的，而非火柴。空前not表示否定，结合上文“a crackling campfire, but the fire is made using stones”可知是在生火，matches“火柴”符合语境。 17．考查动词。句意：学生必须身体状况极佳，才能忍受在犹他州沙漠和峡谷中长达30英里的徒步。in order to后接动词原形，结合后文“hikes of up to 30 miles through Utah’s deserts and canyons”可知，指忍受长途徒步的艰苦，endure“忍受，经受”符合语境。 18．考查形容词。句意：他们必须是主动的学习者，因为他们需要掌握BOSS教官教授的全部技能，才能完成持续一周到一个月的野外课程。根据后文“because they’ll need all the skills the BOSS instructors teach them”以及空后是名词learners，需要形容词修饰，active“积极主动的”符合语境。 19．考查动词。句意：野外课程包含“独处”时段，此时学生所学的所有知识会受到非常真实的检验。此处为被动语态，结合“on everything they’ve learned”可知，tested“检验，测试”符合语境。 20．考查动词。句意：相反，这些露营者喜爱BOSS挑战他们身心的方式。结合后文“And the confidence they gain from knowing how to survive without a lot of technology is the reward these brave people are looking for.”提到依靠技能生存、收获自信可知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语BOSS为第三人称单数，结合语境可知challenges“挑战”符合语境。 C “Journalism” came into existence when reliable information was scarce. As newspaper publishing and distribution grew, editors had to satisfy demands for 21 as well as entertainment. The effort to be trusted came to be the distinguishing mark of journalism. But printing technology made journalism powerful: a few people gathered sorted and 22 news and hoped that many people would buy it. However, three changes turned this 23 of public information into today’s glut (过剩): the invention of radio and television, digital technology such as email, and finally the Internet. Digital communications not only increased the amount of easily-reached information but 24 the power of traditional publishing. Anyone can now publish their thoughts and their books for free to a global audience. Old-fashioned print publishing by the few to the many sits 25 next to successful “peer-to-peer” networks. Against this background, citizen journalism’ can simply mean a wider range of 26 . Big events that leave media organisations rushing to get to the right spots are now covered by 27 witnesses who send instant photos and videos from their mobile phones. Where established reporters fear to go — war zones being the obvious 28 — the voice of the ordinary citizen journalist may be the only believable news source. But if it is the case that anyone can be a journalist, what is journalism? Whatever the era and technology, it must surely involve an organised attempt to show what is happening, to reduce or eliminate 29 about what is true. Journalists still gather the basic news, but must also meet the need to give it meaning and context. We analyse news in the context of instant global conversations that can involve a handful of people or millions. The forces of change may bring down media empires that fail to adapt, but they do not 30 the idea of journalism. The need to know the accuracy of what they are reading or watching does not 31 because you have a lot of new ways of finding facts and other points of view. The nature of the news and opinion people now consume is changing: more varied, less 32 , often like an everyday conversation. Also the way people sample and use news and opinion is changing: they dip in and out of news all day. But the business of getting accurate basic data to consumers, of building platforms that people 33 remains valuable work despite the changing background. Some citizen journalists make a real contribution to this; some don’t. In other words, we’re back where we started: 34 accuracy and honesty. The most important question 35 of news and opinion will ask themselves is the question they have always asked: do I trust this source to tell me something true and useful? 21．A．shock B．timeliness C．accuracy D．openness 22．A．edited B．distributed C．invented D．hid 23．A．conveyance B．shortage C．management D．supply 24．A．ignored B．enhanced C．applied D．weakened 25．A．uneasily B．unexpectedly C．confidently D．surprisingly 26．A．events B．readers C．sources D．facilities 27．A．volunteer B．amateur C．professional D．subjective 28．A．area B．factor C．effect D．example 29．A．doubt B．curiosity C．remarks D．statements 30．A．construct B．destroy C．communicate D．protect 31．A．arise B．disapprove C．disappear D．remain 32．A．shameful B．exciting C．noteworthy D．formal 33．A．trust B．introduce C．remove D．design 34．A．keeping pace with B．taking advantage of C．making judgements about D．losing control of 35．A．reporters B．consumers C．gatherers D．editors 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文介绍技术变革催生公民新闻，信息供给过剩，但新闻追求真实的内核不变；受众始终需要判断信息来源是否可信，准确诚实依旧是新闻的核心。 【详解】21．考查名词。句意：随着报纸出版和发行不断发展，编辑必须同时满足人们对准确性以及娱乐性的需求。A. shock震惊；B. timeliness时效性；C. accuracy准确性；D. openness开放。后文“The effort to be trusted came to be the distinguishing mark of journalism.”提到新闻行业追求可信，即准确性。 22．考查动词。句意：但印刷技术使新闻业变得强大：少数人收集、整理并分发新闻，希望很多人会购买。A. edited编辑；B. distributed分发；C. invented发明；D. hid隐藏。根据后文“news and hoped that many people would buy it”可知，新闻流程包含收集、分类、分发，让更多人购买。 23．考查名词。句意：然而，三个变化使这种公共信息的短缺演变为如今的泛滥：广播和电视的发明、电子邮件等数字技术，以及互联网的出现。A. conveyance传递；B. shortage短缺；C. management管理；D. supply供给。根据后文“of public information into today’s glut”可知，公共信息从短缺到泛滥。 24．考查动词。句意：数字通信不仅增加了随手可得的信息总量，还削弱了传统出版行业的力量。A. ignored忽视；B. enhanced增强；C. applied应用；D. weakened削弱。根据上文“the invention of radio and television, digital technology such as email, and finally the Internet”可知，数字时代人人都可以发布信息，传统媒体的力量被削弱。 25．考查副词。句意：少数面向多数人的老式纸质出版，在成功的点对点网络旁边处境尴尬。A. uneasily不安地、尴尬地；B. unexpectedly出乎意料地；C. confidently自信地；D. surprisingly惊人地。根据后文“next to successful “peer-to-peer” networks”可知，新旧模式并存，传统出版难以适应新环境。 26．考查名词。句意：在这种背景下，公民新闻仅仅意味着信息来源更加广泛。A. events事件；B. readers读者；C. sources来源；D. facilities设施。后文“witnesses who send instant photos and videos from their mobile phones”提到普通人也能提供现场素材，也就是信息源变多。 27．考查形容词。句意：如今，媒体机构争相赶赴现场报道重大事件时，已由志愿者目击者通过手机即时发送照片和视频来完成。A. volunteer志愿的；B. amateur业余的；C. professional专业的；D. subjective主观的。根据后文“witnesses who send instant photos and videos from their mobile phones”可知，公民记者并非专业媒体从业者，属于志愿者目击者。 28．考查名词。句意：在正规记者不敢前往的地方——战区就是很明显的例子——普通公民记者的声音可能是唯一可信的新闻来源。A. area区域；B. factor因素；C. effect影响；D. example例子。根据上文“Where established reporters fear to go — war zones being the obvious”可知，战区是记者难以抵达的典型例子。 29．考查名词。句意：无论什么时代、何种技术，新闻一定包含一种有组织的尝试，去呈现正在发生的事，减少或消除关于事实的疑虑。A. doubt疑虑；B. curiosity好奇；C. remarks评论；D. statements陈述。根据上文“it must surely involve an organised attempt to show what is happening, to reduce or eliminate”可知，新闻的目标是厘清事实、消除疑惑。 30．考查动词。句意：变革的力量或许会击垮无法适应的媒体巨头，但它们并不会摧毁新闻这一理念。A. construct构建；B. destroy摧毁；C. communicate交流；D. protect保护。根据上文“The forces of change may bring down media empires that fail to adapt, but they do not”中but表转折，变革不会消灭新闻本身的内核。 31．考查动词。句意：即便有大量获取事实和不同观点的新渠道，人们想要确认所读、所看内容是否准确的需求也不会消失。A. arise出现；B. disapprove不赞成；C. disappear消失；D. remain保留。根据后文“because you have a lot of new ways of finding facts and other points of view”可知，人们对信息真实性的需求一直存在，不会消失。 32．考查形容词。句意：人们现在接收的新闻和观点性质正在改变：更加多元，不那么正式，常常如同日常闲聊。A. shameful可耻的；B. exciting令人激动的；C. noteworthy值得关注的；D. formal正式的。后文“like an everyday conversation”说明不再刻板正式，常常如同日常闲聊。 33．考查动词。句意：尽管环境不断变化，为受众提供准确基础信息、搭建人们信赖的平台依旧是有价值的工作。A. trust信任；B. introduce介绍；C. remove移除；D. design设计。根据上文“the business of getting accurate basic data to consumers, of building platforms that people”可知，平台的核心是赢得用户信任。 34．考查动词短语。句意：换句话说，我们回到了原点：对准确性和真实性做出判断。A. keeping pace with跟上；B. taking advantage of利用；C. making judgements about对……做出判断；D. losing control of失去控制。根据后文“accuracy and honesty”读者需要辨别新闻是否真实准确，做出判断。 35．考查名词。句意：新闻和观点的受众总要问自己那个恒久不变的关键问题：我是否相信这个消息来源能告诉我真实有用的信息？A. reporters记者；B. consumers受众、阅读者；C. gatherers收集者；D. editors编辑。根据后文“do I trust this source to tell me something true and useful?”可知，后文的反问是从接收新闻的读者、受众出发的。 02·重难演练 A Coping With the Sunday Scaries A few years ago, I was in the kitchen of a friend’s house preparing a meal. When we all sat down to eat, my friend’s wife wolfed down her supper and then disappeared into another room to do some work. He smiled and said, “Sunday nights are the new Monday mornings around here.” I was surprised at the time. Now, I find myself 1 (behave) in exactly the same manner. Every time I open up my calendar on Sunday evening, a subtle sense of dread comes over me. I feel 2 I am behind before the week has even begun. Apparently, my Sunday-night anxieties and Monday-morning blues are not unique to me alone. A new study led by Ilke Inceoglu from the University of Exeter found that these Sunday scaries were particularly pronounced among people who frequently checked their emails during the weekend, had tasks 3 (leave) over from the previous week, and had unreasonably high expectations 4 themselves. These matters seem to be made worse as a result of the pandemic, where the rise of working from home 5 (blur) the boundaries between work and leisure since then. What should we do about the “Sunday scaries”? Researchers have offered some useful suggestions that 6 help us make Monday less depressing. One is to change 7 you think about the weekend. One U.S. study found that when participants 8 (ask) to treat their weekend as a mini-vacation, they tended to do more cheerful activities and returned to work on Monday satisfied with their jobs. The second way is to redesign our Monday so that it has some of the features 9 make us feel good during the weekend. Introducing simple changes, such as setting up a lunchtime date with 10 is enjoyable to be around, could make all the difference. 【答案】 1．behaving 2．as if/though 3．left 4．of 5．has blurred 6．can/may/might 7．how 8．were asked 9．that/which 10．whoever 【导语】文章主要讲述了“周日恐惧症”的现象、成因以及缓解方法，帮助人们减轻周末结束后的焦虑感。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，我发现自己正以完全相同的方式行事。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，find和宾语myself之间为主动关系，且表示正在进行的动作，所以用现在分词。 2．考查连词。句意：我感到好像在这一周还没开始之前就已经落后了。feel后接表语从句，表示“好像”，用as if/as though引导。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：埃克塞特大学的Ilke Inceoglu领导的一项新研究发现，这些周日恐惧在周末经常查看电子邮件、有上周遗留的任务、对自己抱有过高期望的人中尤为明显。空处为非谓语动词作定语，逻辑主语tasks与leave为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 4．考查介词。句意：同上。have expectations of oneself是固定搭配，意为“对自己有期望”。 5．考查动词时态。句意：疫情似乎使这些问题变得更糟，自那以后，在家工作的增加模糊了工作和休闲之间的界限。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语since then可知，句子用现在完成时，主语为“the rise of working from home”，助动词用has。 6．考查情态动词。句意：研究人员提供了一些有用的建议，这些建议能帮助我们让周一不那么令人沮丧。“that  ________  help us make Monday less depressing”为定语从句，修饰先行词suggestions，表建议具备的效用与可能性，can表“能够、可以”，may/might表“或许、可能”，三者语义贴合语境。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：一种方法是改变你看待周末的方式。空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺主谓宾，缺少方式状语，用how引导表示“如何”。 8．考查动词时态与语态。句意：一项美国研究发现，当参与者被要求将周末视为迷你假期时，他们倾向于做更愉快的活动，并在周一对工作感到满意。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，participants与ask为被动关系，且叙述过去的研究结果，用一般过去时的被动语态。 9．考查定语从句。句意：第二种方法是重新设计我们的周一，使其具有一些让我们在周末感觉良好的功能。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为features，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which引导该从句。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：引入一些简单的改变，比如和任何喜欢在一起的人安排一个午餐约会，可能会让一切变得不同。with后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”，用whoever引导。 B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．approach    B．convinced    C． exposed    D．insecure     E. opted    F. occasionally G. repeat      H. restrictive     I. say        J. sank         K. steadily When I was a child, I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant 11 throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect my children’s weight with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and talk her out of a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart 12 . It made me realize my advice on snacks might be having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not 13 that food is one of them,” she says. “This may leave kids feeling worried and 14 , and those feelings aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept called the “Division of Responsibility”. In this 15 , parents provide a variety of healthy foods for their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to eat. That may mean a kid 16 consumes more cookies than carrots. Kids, when allowed to eat what they want, are also 17 to the natural consequences of their choices. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you 18 to eat something different,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have a(n) 19 in it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less 20 , they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Whether they eat it or not, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden, it clicks.” 【答案】 11．G 12．J 13．B 14．D 15．A 16．F 17．C 18．E 19．I 20．H 【导语】本文讲述了作者因童年时期被反复规训身材与饮食的经历，让她成年后格外在意对孩子的饮食教育，从而在不经意间产生了负面影响，而心理学家Charlotte Markey的“责任划分”喂养理念，让作者走出饮食教育误区，帮孩子建立健康天然的食物关系。 【详解】11．考查名词。句意：“你不想变胖吧”这句话在我整个童年时期被不断重复。空处位于形容词constant之后，需要填入名词作介词on的宾语。前文“When I was a child, I was often told what not to eat.”提到作者童年经常被告诫什么不能吃，说明说明“你不想变胖吧”这类话语被不断重复，G选项repeat作名词表示“重现，重复的事件”，on constant repeat是常用搭配，表示“不断重复”。 12．考查动词。句意：但有一天当我听到她说“我觉得我太胖了”，我的心一沉。空处需要填入谓语动词，且时态为一般过去时，对应前文时间状语one day。根据前文“I’m careful not to connect my children’s weight with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and talk her out of a second dessert.”可知，作者一直避免让孩子把体重和个人价值绑定，But表转折，听到女儿说出自己嫌胖的话，作者内心变得沉重，J选项sank是动词sink的过去式，表示“下沉，消沉”，与heart 搭配，形容人心情沉重。 13．考查形容词。句意：她说，“育儿中有很多事情都适合详细讨论，但我不确信饮食就是其中之一。”空处位于系动词am之后，需要填入形容词作表语。根据后文“that food is one of them”可知，这里表示教授不认为谈论饮食是一件好事，B选项convinced是形容词，表示“确信的，信服的”。 14．考查形容词。句意：这可能会让孩子感到担心和不安，而这些情绪并不一定健康。空处和形容词worried并列，需要填入表意相近的形容词；父母过度讨论饮食会让孩子担心体重，对自我身材不安，D选项insecure表示“无安全感的，不安的”，符合语境。 15．考查名词。句意：在这种方式中，父母在固定时间为孩子提供多种多样的健康食物，由孩子自己决定想吃什么、吃多少。根据前文“she recommends applying a well-known concept called the “Division of Responsibility””可知，前文提到教授推荐“责任分工”这个概念，本句继续介绍这个方法，空处需要填入名词指代这个理念方法，A选项approach作名词表示“方法，方式”，符合语境。 16．考查副词。句意：这意味着孩子偶尔会吃比胡萝卜更多的饼干。空处修饰动词consumes，用副词。F选项occasionally是副词，表示“偶尔”，孩子自主选择时，偶尔会多吃零食，符合语境。 17．考查形容词。句意：当孩子被允许想吃什么就吃什么时，他们也会接触到自己选择所带来的自然结果。空处用形容词作表语。根据空后“to the natural consequences of their choices”可知，孩子会亲身承受自己选择带来的后果。C选项exposed是形容词，表示“暴露的，接触到的”，be exposed to是固定搭配，表示“接触，暴露于”，符合文意。 18．考查动词。句意：Markey表示，“当你的孩子说‘我胃疼’时，你可以说‘你吃了太多含糖食，如果选择吃点别的可能会舒服一点’”。空处需要填入动词，作条件状语从句中的谓语，根据空后“to eat something different”可知，孩子可以选择不同的食物，E选项opted表示“选择”，是动词opt的过去式，这里表示对现在情况的假设，opt to do sth.表示“选择做某事”。 19．考查名词。句意：让他们觉得自己在这件事上有发言权。空处作have的宾语，用名词。根据上文“allowed to eat what they want”可知，让孩子自主做选择，说明孩子有发言权，I选项say作名词表示“发言权，话语权”，have a say in sth.是固定搭配，表示“在某事中有发言权”。 20．考查形容词。句意：我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我对孩子饮食的限制越少，他们反而会做出更好的选择。根据空前less可知，空处用形容词，构成比较级，作表语。根据上文“the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to eat”和“allowed to eat what they want”可知，让孩子在食物上自主做决定，家长的限制不要太多，H选项restrictive是形容词，表示“限制的，约束性的”。 C Companies spend billions advertising to children and young teens. Though most don’t have jobs or a steady income, Generation Alpha in the U.S. still managed to spend US$101 billion in 2024, indicating to advertisers that they are a 21 market. Young people represent a goldmine of future 22 , so if companies develop brand loyalty early, they’ll have customers for life. And though young people’s ready cash is limited, they possess the ability to 23 their parents to buy them things. With no living expenses to pay, children are easily tempted into purchasing 24 products. Their still-developing brains also make them easy 25 for advertisers as they may be too young to recognize false claims made in ads. As children’s use of internet-connected devices increases, so does the reach of advertising. Ads are 26 into video games, TikToks, movies and even school materials. Advertising has its uses. It informs consumers about 27 products and encourages business competition. However, it can have a negative impact on consumers — especially children and teens. Advertisers use bright colors, prizes, humor, music, characters and celebrity support to suggest that a product brings happiness or earns you 28 . For children and youth, who have lower self-control, these advertisements have a powerful effect. They can lead to unhealthy choices like smoking, drinking or eating junk food. Ads can also harm one’s self-image by promoting 29 beauty standards. They also encourage 30 , making people believe happiness comes from shopping. This constant pressure to keep up with trends leaves many feeling anxious and dissatisfied. As advertising increases, so does the need for government 31 . Ads are already 32 on kids’ channels, and false claims are illegal. As of January 2025, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) also requires parents’ permission before companies can use children’s data to 33 ads. Though regulations can help protect you from some of advertising’s negative influences, they aren’t enough. It’s important to understand how ads work to gain greater control over your buying habits. Use 34 thinking: What does the ad promise? Is it too good to be true? Can the source be trusted? Finally, 35 screen time to avoid ads and reduce unplanned spending. While advertising is an unavoidable part of modern life, it doesn’t have to control your choices or decide your lifestyle. 21．A．mature B．worthwhile C．global D．typical 22．A．trends B．generations C．profits D．goals 23．A．persuade B．forbid C．attract D．appeal 24．A．undersized B．undervalued C．overestimated D．overpriced 25．A．targets B．access C．alternative D．victory 26．A．involved B．transformed C．woven D．divided 27．A．standard B．innovative C．potential D．vital 28．A．health B．sympathy C．stability D．admiration 29．A．unrelated B．unremarkable C．unrealistic D．unreliable 30．A．consumerism B．perseverance C．sustainability D．competition 31．A．insurance B．interaction C．intervention D．investigation 32．A．allowed B．restricted C．adapted D．granted 33．A．tailor B．deliver C．remove D．process 34．A．contradictory B．creative C．conventional D．critical 35．A．pay attention to B．keep up with C．cut back on D．get down to 【答案】 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了面向儿童与青少年的广告投放现状，阐述了广告的正向作用、其对未成年人的多重负面影响，以及政府监管措施和个人规避广告不良影响的方法。 【详解】21．考查形容词。句意：尽管大多数阿尔法一代没有工作或稳定收入，2024年美国的这一群体仍消费了1010亿美元，这向广告商表明他们是一个值得投入的市场。A. mature成熟的；B. worthwhile有价值的；C. global全球的；D. typical典型的。根据上文“Generation Alpha in the U.S. still managed to spend US$101 billion in 2024”可知，该群体消费规模庞大，对广告商而言是具备商业价值的市场。 22．考查名词。句意：年轻人是未来利润的金矿，因此如果企业早早培养品牌忠诚度，就能收获终身客户。A. trends趋势；B. generations一代人；C. profits利润；D. goals目标。根据下文“so if companies develop brand loyalty early, they’ll have customers for life”可知，长期稳定的客户群能为企业带来持续收益，profits对应金矿的商业价值属性。 23．考查动词。句意：尽管年轻人的可支配现金有限，但他们有能力说服父母为自己购买物品。A. persuade说服；B. forbid禁止；C. attract吸引；D. appeal呼吁。根据上文“young people’s ready cash is limited”并结合常识可知，未成年人自身购买力不足，但会说服家长为自己消费。 24．考查形容词。句意：由于无需支付生活开支，孩子们很容易被诱惑购买定价过高的产品。A. undersized尺寸过小的；B. undervalued被低估的；C. overestimated被高估的；D. overpriced定价过高的。根据上文“With no living expenses to pay, children are easily tempted into purchasing”可知，孩子没有经济压力，容易冲动购买价格虚高的商品。 25．考查名词。句意：他们尚未发育完全的大脑也使其成为广告商容易锁定的目标，因为他们可能年龄太小，无法识别广告中的虚假宣传。A. targets目标；B. access通道；C. alternative可供选择的事物；D. victory胜利。根据下文“as they may be too young to recognize false claims made in ads”可知，儿童辨别能力弱，容易成为广告针对的目标。 26．考查动词。句意：广告被植入电子游戏、抖音短视频、电影甚至校园材料中。A. involved涉及；B. transformed转变；C. woven编织；D. divided分开。根据上文“As children’s use of internet-connected devices increases, so does the reach of advertising.”可知，广告的覆盖范围不断扩大，渗透到各类儿童接触的内容中，woven与into搭配表示“植入”，契合语境。 27．考查形容词。句意：广告有其积极作用，它向消费者介绍创新产品，并促进商业竞争。A. standard标准的；B. innovative创新的；C. potential潜在的；D. vital至关重要的。根据上文“Advertising has its uses”可知，此处说明广告的正向功能，介绍创新产品是广告的典型作用。 28．考查名词。句意：广告商运用鲜艳的色彩、奖品、幽默、音乐、卡通角色和名人代言，暗示产品能带来快乐，或是帮你赢得他人赞赏。A. health健康；B. sympathy同情；C. stability稳定；D. admiration赞赏。根据上文“suggest that a product brings happiness”可知，此处与“brings happiness”并列，是广告营造的社交价值，admiration符合广告的营销逻辑。 29．考查形容词。句意：广告还会通过宣扬不切实际的审美标准，损害人们的自我认知。A. unrelated无关的；B. unremarkable平凡的；C. unrealistic不切实际的；D. unreliable不可靠的。根据上文“Ads can also harm one’s self-image”可知，不切实际的审美标准会打击人的自我认知。 30．考查名词。句意：它们还会助长消费主义，让人们相信幸福源于购物。A. consumerism消费主义；B. perseverance毅力；C. sustainability可持续性；D. competition竞争。根据下文“making people believe happiness comes from shopping”可知，幸福来自购物是消费主义的典型观念。 31．考查名词。句意：随着广告投放增多，政府干预的必要性也随之提升。A. insurance保险；B. interaction互动；C. intervention干预；D. investigation调查。根据下文“As of January 2025, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) also requires parents’ permission”可知，此处指政府对广告行业的监管干预。 32．考查动词。句意：儿童频道的广告已受到限制，虚假宣传属于违法行为。A. allowed允许；B. restricted限制；C. adapted适应；D. granted授予。根据下文“and false claims are illegal”可知，前后并列说明对广告的监管约束，restricted体现了对儿童频道广告的限制要求。 33．考查动词。句意：截至2025年1月，美国联邦贸易委员会还要求，企业在利用儿童数据定制个性化广告前，必须征得家长同意。A. tailor定制；B. deliver递送；C. remove移除；D. process处理。根据上文“use children’s data”可知，利用用户数据的核心目的是投放个性化、定制化的精准广告。 34．考查形容词。句意：运用批判性思维：这款广告承诺了什么？它是否好得不真实？信息来源是否可信？A. contradictory矛盾的；B. creative有创造力的；C. conventional传统的；D. critical批判性的。根据下文“What does the ad promise? Is it too good to be true? Can the source be trusted?”可知，此处指理性审视、辩证思考广告内容。 35．考查动词短语。句意：最后，减少屏幕使用时间以避开广告，降低非计划消费。A. pay attention to注意；B. keep up with跟上；C. cut back on减少；D. get down to开始认真做。根据下文“to avoid ads and reduce unplanned spending”可知，要达到规避广告、减少冲动消费的目的，需要减少接触电子屏幕的时长。 03·模拟演练 A Standing Out and Fitting In I have always thought that if you can survive high school, you can survive anything. It is the time in a young person’s life 1 they not only are faced with the mounting pressures of school, but also have to deal with their own physical and mental development as they navigate the rocky paths of personal self-discovery. It is a difficult time when they want to stand out and show their stuff while hoping to be able to find a place where they can fit in, 2 fit in with both their peers and society. This problem of “standing out” and “fitting in” can be especially difficult in China which is, as sociologists call it, a “high-context” society. In a nutshell, a high-context society is one in which the group 3 (favor) over the individual as a result of a great many unwritten social rules and understandings. It is a kind of code that people learn to adopt as they grow up in that culture. A “low-context” society, on the other hand, prioritizes the individual over the group, which encourages people to be specific in their social interactions. This is probably 4 why Western societies, most of which are multi-cultural, are known for being plain-spoken. Does this mean that Chinese society is too conformist? I don’t think so. Western societies 5 (adopt) the word “diversity” as their motto. This has led to certain individuals and small groups within these respective societies 6 (demand) that special rights and social status be conferred upon them, which has gone on to create a significant amount of social chaos. China’s high-context society, however, provides a solid basis wherein individuals can express their personalities while still 7 (make) positive contributions to society. The Eight Eccentrics were Chinese artists who, in the middle of the Qing dynasty, altered the traditions of ink brush painting through their broad brush strokes and use of bright colours. They were “eccentric” because they were not trained artists who painted in the traditional way. For instance, Jin Nong, one of the most famous painters in the group, was so poor during his childhood that he did not start painting 8 he was more than fifty years old. Eccentric though they may have been, Jin and the other seven artists would over time become 9 (incorporate) into Chinese culture and would go on to have significant influence over more modern painters such as Qi Baishi. Being a little different and “standing out” — whether it’s you or someone else — is not necessarily a bad thing. 10 is important is that we tolerate these differences and remember that, in this big country and big world, we all belong and we all “fit in.” 【答案】 1．when 2．to 3．is favored 4．the reason 5．have adopted 6．demanding 7．making 8．until 9．incorporated 10．What 【导语】文章主要探讨了青少年成长过程中“脱颖而出”与“融入集体”的平衡问题，对比了高语境社会与低语境社会的文化差异，还以清代扬州八怪为例说明个性表达与融入社会文化可以共存，最终指出包容差异才能实现所有人的归属感。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：这是年轻人生命中的一段时期，他们不仅面临着越来越大的学业压力，还要在探索自我发现的崎岖道路时应对自身的身心发展。先行词是表示时间的the time，需要用关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一段艰难的时期，他们想要脱颖而出、施展才华，同时希望找到一个可以融入其中的地方，以融入同龄人群体与社会。此处fit in作目的状语，为不定式。 3．考查时态语态。句意：简而言之，高语境社会指的是由于大量不成文的社会规则和共识，集体优先于个人的社会。主语the group和动词favor之间是被动关系，且句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态is favored。 4．考查定语从句。句意：这或许就是大多数都属于多元文化社会的西方社会以直言不讳著称的原因。固定搭配the reason why...表示“……的原因”，the reason作表语。 5．考查时态。句意：西方社会已经将“多样性”作为他们的座右铭。此处动作已经发生且对现在造成了影响，应用现在完成时，主语Western societies是复数，助动词用have。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这导致这些社会中的某些个人和小群体要求赋予他们特殊权利和社会地位，进而造成了大量社会混乱。固定结构lead to sb./sth. doing sth.中to是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，中国的高语境社会提供了坚实的基础，让个人可以在表达个性的同时，仍然为社会做出积极贡献。此处用非谓语动词和while构成时间状语，逻辑主语individuals和make是主动关系，用现在分词。 8．考查连词。句意：例如，金农是这群画家中最著名的一位，他童年时非常贫穷，直到五十多岁才开始画画。固定结构not...until...表示“直到……才……”，符合语义逻辑。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管他们可能特立独行，但随着时间的推移，金农和其他七位艺术家会被纳入中国文化的体系中，并对齐白石等更近代的画家产生重大影响。主语Jin and the other seven artists和动词incorporate之间是被动关系，become后接过去分词incorporated构成被动含义。 10．考查主语从句。句意：重要的是，我们要容忍这些差异，并记住：在这个大国和大世界里，我们都属于这里，我们都能“融入其中”。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物/内容”，用连接代词What引导。 B A．mechanism     B．employ    C． effective    D．chemicals    E. accelerating    F. existing G. projected    H. trapped    I. alone        J. outrun    K. artificially Last July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves smashed temperature records worldwide and even brought summer temperatures to Chile and Argentina during the Southern Hemisphere’s winter. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. In the U.S. 11 , it kills more people each year than floods, tornadoes and hurricanes combined. As climate change worsens, access to 12 cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity. Yet standard air-conditioning systems have 13 us in a vicious cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the AC — and the more energy is used as a result. Nicole Miranda, an engineer researching sustainable cooling at the University of Oxford says: “it’s not only a vicious cycle, but it’s a(n) 14 one.” According to 2018 data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the worldwide annual energy demand from cooling is 15 to more than triple by 2050. It’s becoming increasingly clear that humans cannot 16 climate change with the same air-conditioning technology we’ve been using. One well-known problem with current AC systems is their reliance on refrigerant 17 , many of which are potential greenhouse gases. About 80 percent of a standard AC unit’s climate-warming emissions currently come from the energy used to power it, says Nihar Shah, director of the Global Cooling Efficiency Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Standard air-conditioning systems simultaneously (同时地) cool and dehumidify through a relatively inefficient 18 : in order to condense (使冷凝) water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool. Even with some of the best technologies available, the gains in efficiency alone might not be enough to offset the widely expected increase in air-conditioning use. It will not work to simply replace every 19 air conditioner with a better model and call it a day. Instead, a truly cooler future will have to 20 other strategies that rely on urban planning and building design to minimize the need for cooling in the first place. 【答案】 11．I 12．K 13．H 14．E 15．G 16．J 17．D 18．A 19．F 20．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了传统空调加剧气候变暖，亟需技术革新与规划并行。 【详解】11．考查副词。句意：在美国，仅它每年造成的死亡人数就超过了洪水、龙卷风和飓风的总和。根据下文“it kills more people each year than floods, tornadoes and hurricanes combined”可知，此处强调仅在美国本土，高温致死人数就已惊人。用副词alone置于名词后，表示“仅仅，单就……来说”。 12．考查副词。句意：随着气候变化的恶化，获得人为地降温的空间正迅速成为健康的必需品。根据上文“As climate change worsens”和下文“cooled spaces”可知，由于气温升高，人们需要依靠人工手段（如使用空调）来获得凉爽，artificially“人为地”，修饰形容词cooled，作状语。 13．考查动词。句意：然而，标准的空调系统将我们困入了一个恶性循环：天气越热，人们使用空调的频率就越高——进而导致能源消耗量越大。根据下文“a vicious cycle”可知，人类被困在其中无法轻易摆脱。用H选项trapped“困住”，与have构成现在完成时。 14．考查形容词。句意：牛津大学研究可持续制冷的工程师妮可·米兰达表示：“这不仅是一个恶性循环，更是一个加速的恶性循环。”根据上文“it’s not only a vicious cycle”及下文“According to 2018 data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the worldwide annual energy demand from cooling is ______ to more than triple by 2050”可知，这个循环的速度在加快。用E选项accelerating“加速的”，修饰one（指代cycle），作定语。 15．考查动词。句意：根据国际能源署2018年的数据，预计到2050年，全球每年的制冷能源需求将增长两倍以上。根据下文“to more than triple by 2050”可知，这是对未来的预测。用G选项projected“预计”，构成固定搭配be projected to do sth.“预计做某事”。 16．考查动词。句意：越来越明显的是，人类无法用我们一直在使用的空调技术来超过气候变化（的速度）。本空位于情态动词cannot后，用动词原形，根据下文“climate change with the same air-conditioning technology”可知，旧技术无法跟上气候变化的速度。用J选项outrun“跑赢，超过”。 17．考查名词。句意：当前空调系统存在一个广为人知的问题，即它们依赖制冷剂化学品，其中许多都是潜在的温室气体。根据下文“many of which are potential greenhouse gases”可知，制冷剂属于化学物质。用D选项chemicals“化学物质”，作reliance on的宾语。 18．考查名词。句意：标准空调系统通过一种相对低效的机制同时进行制冷和除湿：为了将水分从空气中冷凝出来，它们会将空气过度冷却至舒适温度以下。根据下文“condense water out of the air, they overcool that air”可知，这是一种运作机制。用A选项mechanism“机制，机理”，作through的宾语。 19．考查形容词。句意：仅仅用更好的型号替换每一台现有的空调，然后就此止步，是行不通的。根据下文“with a better model”可知，被替换的是现有的旧机器。用F选项existing“现存的”，修饰名词air conditioner，作定语。 20．考查动词。句意：相反，要实现一个真正更凉爽的未来，就必须采取其他策略，依靠城市规划和建筑设计，从源头上最大限度地减少对制冷的需求。根据下文“other strategies”可知，此处指采用或实施策略。用B选项employ“使用，采用”，位于have to后，用动词原形。 C At a recent gardening conference, a speaker gestured toward a slide of a rather worn-looking station wagon (旅行车) and asked how many plants it might contain. The answer, 21 , was thousands. Inside were young, leafless trees and plant roots, all carefully packed in boxes and ready for replanting. This quiet scene points to a 22 that is steadily gaining attention: the use of “bare root” plants. Bare-root plants are lifted from the ground during their resting season, with their top growth cut back and their roots washed clean. Stored in cool conditions, with roots kept damp and protected, they can later be 23 and planted with relative ease. What makes this method increasingly appealing is not only its practicality but also how well it 24 a more thoughtful, low-waste approach to gardening. The 25 begins with cost. Gardening is widely perceived as a(n) 26 hobby, and the significantly lower price of bare-root plants offers an immediate advantage. Yet the benefits extend far beyond 27 . These plants often establish more quickly once planted, adapting well to their new environment. At the same time, their environmental footprint is notably lighter. Without the need for large pots or compost (堆肥), transport becomes more efficient, and the energy required for heating and watering during growth is 28 . Designers working on large projects have begun to explore this method, though not without 29 . While bare-root planting can be highly efficient, it may introduce uncertainty in complex layouts where precise positioning is essential. 30 , successful examples demonstrate its potential. In one large-scale planting, thousands of plants were introduced without plastic, resulting in a process that proved both quicker and more efficient, particularly for species with strong root systems. The growing interest in bare-root plants also reflects a broader shift in 31 . For decades, many gardeners have relied on potted plants from garden centres, a system that often carries hidden 32 costs. In contrast, bare-root planting encourages closer attention to natural cycles. Because these plants must be handled and planted within specific seasonal windows, gardeners are encouraged to plan more carefully and work in harmony with the rhythms of 33 . Rather than being simply an alternative technique, bare-root planting suggests a different way of 34 gardening. With its combination of economy, 35 , and environmental awareness, it offers a quieter, less wasteful approach — one that may gradually reshape everyday gardening practices. 21．A．seriously B．personally C．gradually D．surprisingly 22．A．variation B．practice C．concept D．development 23．A．detected B．generated C．transported D．measured 24．A．limits B．replaces C．tests D．fits 25．A．appeal B．challenge C．discussion D．focus 26．A．rewarding B．memorable C．intense D．expensive 27．A．appearance B．flexibility C．affordability D．usefulness 28．A．reduced B．directed C．boosted D．maintained 29．A．preparation B．delay C．hesitation D．assistance 30．A．By contrast B．Even so C．In addition D．Till now 31．A．framework B．criteria C．perspective D．quantity 32．A．unnecessary B．environmental C．short-term D．economic 33．A．nature B．gardening C．change D．soil 34．A．making up B．depending on C．taking over D．thinking about 35．A．efficiency B．encouragement C．innovation D．transplant 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．A 【原文】文章主要介绍了“裸根植物”的种植方法、优势（成本低、环保、适应性强）及其反映的园艺理念转变。 【详解】21．考查副词。句意：答案令人惊讶地是数千株。A. seriously严肃地；B. personally亲自地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据前文“a speaker gestured toward a slide of a rather worn-looking station wagon (旅行车) and asked how many plants it might contain.”可知，“一辆破旧的旅行车能装多少植物”的问题，以及后文“数千株”的数量反差可知，答案令人惊讶。 22．考查名词。句意：这个安静的场景指向一个日益受到关注的“做法”：使用“裸根植物”。A. variation变化；B. practice做法、惯例；C. concept概念；D. development发展。根据后文“that is steadily gaining attention: the use of “bare root” plants”以及具体描述“裸根植物”的操作流程可知，是一种实际的“做法”，而非抽象概念。 23．考查动词。句意：储存在凉爽环境中（根部保持湿润和保护）后，它们随后可以被运输并相对轻松地种植。A. detected检测；B. generated产生；C. transported运输；D. measured测量。根据前文“stored in cool conditions”和后文“planted”可知，储存后需先“运输”再种植。 24．考查动词。句意：这种方法越来越有吸引力的原因，不仅在于其实用性，还在于它非常适合更周到、低浪费的园艺方式。A. limits限制；B. replaces取代；C. tests测试；D. fits适合。后文“low-waste approach”与裸根植物“无需花盆、减少运输能耗”的特点匹配。 25．考查名词。句意：吸引力始于成本。A. appeal吸引力；B. challenge挑战；C. discussion讨论；D. focus焦点。后文“cost”，“lower price”以及“benefits”均围绕裸根植物的“吸引力”展开。 26．考查形容词。句意：园艺被广泛认为是一项昂贵的爱好，而裸根植物显著更低的价格提供了直接优势。A. rewarding有回报的；B. memorable难忘的；C. intense强烈的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据后文“the significantly lower price of bare-root plants offers an immediate advantage”可知，对比而言传统园艺成本高。 27．考查名词。句意：然而，好处远不止于经济性。A. appearance外观；B. flexibility灵活性；C. affordability经济性、可负担性；D. usefulness有用性。前文“the significantly lower price of bare-root plants offers an immediate advantage”讲“成本低”（affordability），后文“These plants often establish more quickly once planted, adapting well to their new environment.”讲“适应环境快、环保”，说明好处不止于“省钱”。 28．考查动词。句意：运输更高效，生长期供暖和浇水的能源需求也减少了。A. reduced减少；B. directed指导；C. boosted促进；D. maintained维持。根据前文“At the same time, their environmental footprint is notably lighter”可知，能源消耗“减少”。 29．考查名词。句意：从事大型项目的设计师已开始探索这种方法，尽管并非没有犹豫。A. preparation准备；B. delay延迟；C. hesitation犹豫；D. assistance帮助。后文“While bare-root planting can be highly efficient, it may introduce uncertainty in complex layouts where precise positioning is essential.”可知，设计师对这种方法有顾虑。 30．考查副词短语。句意：即便如此，成功的例子证明了它的潜力。A. By contrast相比之下；B. Even so即便如此；C. In addition此外；D. Till now至今。前文“it may introduce uncertainty”讲“不确定性”，后文“successful examples demonstrate its potential”讲“成功案例”，为让步转折关系。 31．考查名词。句意：对裸根植物日益增长的兴趣也反映了园艺视角的更广泛转变。A. framework框架；B. criteria标准；C. perspective视角、观念；D. quantity数量。根据后文“For decades, many gardeners have relied on potted plants from garden centres, a system that often carries hidden ____ costs. In contrast, bare-root planting encourages closer attention to natural cycles.”可知，后文对比“依赖盆栽”和“顺应自然周期”，是园艺“观念”的转变。 32．考查形容词。句意：这一体系往往带来隐藏的环境成本。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. environmental环境的；C. short-term短期的；D. economic经济的。根据后文“In contrast, bare-root planting encourages closer attention to natural cycles. Because these plants must be handled and planted within specific seasonal windows, gardeners are encouraged to plan more carefully and work in harmony with the rhythms of ____.”对比中提到裸根植物环保优势，此处指盆栽系统有隐藏的环境成本。 33．考查名词。句意：因为这些植物必须在特定的季节性窗口内处理和种植，园丁们被鼓励更仔细地规划，并与自然的节奏和谐共处。A. nature自然；B. gardening园艺；C. change变化；D. soil土壤。前文“seasonal windows(季节性窗口)”和“rhythms(节奏)”均指“自然规律”。 34．考查动词短语。句意：裸根种植不仅仅是一种替代技术，它还暗示了一种思考园艺的不同方式。A. making up组成；B. depending on依赖；C. taking over接管；D. thinking about思考。后文“economy, ____, and environmental awareness”是对园艺的“思考方式”。 35．考查名词。句意：凭借其经济性、效率和环保意识的结合，它提供了一种更安静、更少浪费的方式。A. efficiency效率；B. encouragement鼓励；C. innovation创新；D. transplant移植。前文提到“transport becomes more efficient”和“quicker and more efficient”，此处概括优势，应为 efficiency，与economy和environmental awareness并列。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $