一自然生态-【育才学案】2020-2024年五年高考英语真题分类

五年高考真题分类·英语 主题语境三人与自然 自然生态 题组一 用时： 正确率： 易错题： Pa5sage1(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·A篇) dressed inappropriately will be refused permission Choice of Walks for Beginner and to participate. Experienced Walkers Date and Time:Saturday,Ist October,at (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The Carlow Autumn 18:30 Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the Start Point:The Town Hall beginner,experienced or advanced walker to enjoy Walk Duration:3 hours the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish peace of its woodland walks. Forest Walk 1-The Natural World This informative walk led by Richard Smyth With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide,this walk promises to be an informative introduces you to the basic principles of tour.Walkers are sure to learn lots about the photography in the wild.Bring along your camera habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. and enjoy the wonderful views along this well- Date and Time:Saturday,Ist October,at surfaced forest path. 09:00 Date and Time:Sunday,2nd October,at 11:45 Start Point:Scratoes Bridge Start Point:Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration:6 hours Walk Duration:1.5 hours Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking 1.Which walk takes the shortest time? Emmanuel Chappard,an experienced guide, A.The Natural World. has a passion for making the great outdoors B.Introduction to Hillwalking. accessible to all.This mountain walk provides an C.Moonlight Under the Stars. insight into the skills required for hillwalking to D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. ensure you get the most from future walking trips. 2.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? Date and Time:Sunday.2nd October,at 09:00 A.Wear proper clothes. Start Point:Deerpark Car Park B.Join a walking club. Walk Duration:5 hours Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars C.Get special permits. Walking at night-time is a great way to step D.Bring a survival guide. out of your comfort zone.Breathtaking views of 3.What do the four walks have in common? the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the A.They involve difficult climbing. presence of welcoming guides from local walking B.They are for experienced walkers. clubs..A torch(手电筒)along with suitable clothing C.They share the same start point. is essential for walking in the dark.Those who are D.They are scheduled for the weekend. 44 Part One阅读 Passage2(2023·全国甲卷·D篇) learning bad habits,"says James Jonkel,longtime Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5 biologist who manages bears in and around m long and weigh over 400 kg,occupy a conflicted Missoula. corner of the American psyche-we revere(敬畏) 1.How do Americans look at grizzlies? them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask A.They cause mixed feelings in people. the tourists from around the world that flood into B.They should be kept in national parks. Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to C.They are of high scientific value. see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly D.They are a symbol of American culture. bear. 2.What has helped the increase of the grizzly "Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of population? their former range,"says bear biologist Chris A.The European settlers'behavior. Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into B.The expansion of bears'range. places where they haven't been seen in a century or C.The protection by law since 1975. more,they're increasingly being sighted by humans. D.The support of Native Americans. The western half of the U.S.was full of 3.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough Service from delisting grizzlies? number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native A.The opposition of conservation groups. Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of B.The successful comeback of grizzlies. cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to C.The voice of the biologists. 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their D.The local farmers'advocates. former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975, 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. A.Food should be provided for grizzlies. Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies. bears in the U.S..Their recovery has been so C.A special path should be built for grizzlies. successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service D.Technology can be introduced to proteet has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which grizzlies. would loosen legal protections and allow them to Passage3(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·D篇) be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to As cities balloon with growth,access to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now. nature for people living in urban areas is becoming grizzlies remain listed. harder to find.If you're lucky,there might be a Obviously,if precautions(预防)aren'ttaken, pocket park near where you live,but it's unusual grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing to find places in a city that are relatively wild. farm animals or walking through yards in search of Past research has found health and wellness food.If people remove food and attractants from benefits of nature for humans,but a new study their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing important for human well-being. around chicken houses and other farm animal The research team focused on a large urban quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies park.They surveyed several hundred park-goers. away."Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free asking them to submit a written summary online of place where bears can pass through without a meaningful interaction they had with nature in 45 五年高考真题分类·英语 the park.The researchers then examined these 3.What can we learn from the example given in submissions,coding(编码)experiences into paragraph 5? different categories.For example,one participant's A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at B.Young people are too busy to interact with the beach for a while"was assigned the categories nature. “sitting at beach”and“listening to waves..” C.The same nature experience takes different Across the 320 submissions.a pattern of forms. categories the researchers call a "nature language" D.The nature language enhances work performance. began to emerge.After the coding of all 4.What should be done before we can interact with submissions,half a dozen categories were noted nature according to Kahn? most often as important to visitors.These include A.Language study. encountering wildlife,walking along the edge of B.Environmental conservation. water,and following an established trail. C.Public education. Naming each nature experience creates a D.Intercultural communication. usable language,which helps people recognize and Passage4(2022·全国甲卷·B篇) take part in the activities that are most satisfying Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native to australasia.have been shown to have and meaningful to them.For example,the similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two- experience of walking along the edge of water year-old.Though not known to use tools in the might be satisfying for a young professional on a wild,the birds have proved skilful at tool use weekend hike in the park.Back downtown during a while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment, workday,they can enjoy a more domestic form of cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut this interaction by walking along a fountain on inside it.The clear front of the box had a their lunch break. "keyhole"in a geometric shape,and the birds were "We're trying to generate a language that given five differently shaped "keys"to choose helps bring the human-nature interactions back from.Inserting the correct "key"would let out the into our daily lives.And for that to happen,we nut. also need to protect nature so that we can interact In humans.babies can put a round shape in a with it,"said Peter Kahn,a senior author of the round hole from around one year of age,but it will study. be another year before they are able to do the same 1.What phenomenon does the author describe at with less symmetrical(对称的)shapes,his ability the beginning of the text? to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a A.Pocket parks are now popular. specifie direction before it will fit is called an B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities. "allocentric frame of reference".In the experiment, C.Many cities are overpopulated. Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool D.People enjoy living close to nature. for the job,in most cases,by visual recognition 2.Why did the researchers code participant submissions alone.Where trial-and-error was used,the into categories? cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. A.To compare different types of park-goers. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed B.To explain why the park attracts tourists. possess an allocentric frame of reference when C.To analyze the main features of the park. moving objects in space,similar to two-year-old D.To find patterns in the visitors'summaries. babies. 46 Part One阅读 The next step,according to the researchers, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she entirely on visual clues(线索)，or also use a sense could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to of touch in making their shape selections. Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, 1.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box the southernmost tip of the South American in the experiment? mainland."I just decided wanted to go,"she says. A.By following instructions. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I B.By using a tool. wasn't nervous,I just wanted to do it.And I C.By turning the box around. wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way." D.By removing the lid. In March 2008,Ginni boarded a ship with 48 2.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely passengers she'd never met before,to begin the complete according to the text? journey towards Antarctica."From seeing the A.Using a key to unlock a door. wildlife to witnessing sunrises,the whole experience B.Telling parrots from other birds was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me C.Putting a ball into a round hole. that no other place has,"Ginni says."I remember D.Grouping toys of different shapes. the first time I saw a humpback whale:it just rose 3.What does the follow-up test aim to find out out of the water like some prehistoric creature and about the cockatoos? I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear A.How far they are able to see. the operatie sounds it was making underwater. B.How they track moving objects. The realization that this is a precious land,to C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys. be respected by humans,was one of the biggest D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the things that hit home to Ginni. test. 1.Which of the following best explains "take the 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text? plunge"underlined in paragraph 2? A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers A.Try challenging things. B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners B.Take a degree. C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers C.Bring back lost memories. D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters D.Stick to a promise. Passage5(2022·全国甲卷·C篇) 2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica,she A.Lovely penguins. found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo B.Beautiful scenery. penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello.These C.A discount fare. gentle,lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick- D.A friend's invitation started what was to be a trip Ginni would never 3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after forget. the journey? Ever since her childhood,Ginni,now 71,has A.It could be a home for her. had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career B.It should be easily accessible. (as a professional dancer,she toured in the C.It should be well preserved. UK.but always longed to explore further.When D.It needs to be fully introduced. she retired from dancing and her sons eventually 4.What is the text mainly about? flew the nest,she decided it was time to take the A.A childhood dream. plunge. B.An unforgettable experience. After taking a degree at Chichester University C.Sailing around the world. in Related Arts,Ginni began to travel the world, D.Meeting animals in Antarctica. 47 五年高考真题分类·英语 题组二 用时： 正确率： 易错题： Passage1(2021·6月浙江卷·C篇) 1.The new study focused on whether dogs If you ever get the impression that your dog can can“tel”whether you look content or annoyed, A.distinguish shapes you may be onto something.Dogs may indeed be B.make sense of human faces able to distinguish between happy and angry C.feel happy or angry human faces.according to a new study. D.communicate with each other Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to 2.What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2? distinguish between images(图像)of the same A.Researchers tested the dogs in random order. person making either a happy or an angry face. B.Diverse methods were adopted during training. During the training stage,each dog was shown C.Pictures used in the two stages were different. only the upper half or the lower half of the D.The dogs were photographed before the test. person's face.The researchers then tested the 3.What is the last paragraph mainly about? dogs'ability to distinguish between human facial A.A suggestion for future studies. expressions by showing them the other half of the B.A possible reason for the study findings. person's face or images totally different from the C.A major limitation of the study. ones used in training.The researchers found that D.An explanation of the research method. the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face Passage2(2021·1月浙江卷·C篇) by touching a picture of it with their noses more Researchers say they have translated the often than one would expect by random chance. meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees(黑猩 The study showed the animals had figured out use to communicate.They say wild chimps how to apply what they learned about human faces communicate 19 specific messages to one another during training to new faces in the testing stage. with a "vocabulary"of 66 gestures.The scientists "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish discovered this by following and filming groups of between the pictures based on a simple cue,such chimps in Uganda,and examining more than as the sight of teeth,"said study author Corsin 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Mtiller."Instead,our results suggest that the Dr Catherine Hobaiter,who led the research. successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth said that this was the only form of intentional means the same thing as smiling eyes,and the communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. same rule applies to an angry mouth having the Only humans and chimps,she said,had a system of same meaning as angry eyes." communication where they deliberately sent a "With our study,we think we can now message to another group member. confidently conclude that at least some dogs can "That's what's so amazing about chimp distinguish human facial expressions,"Muiller told gestures,"she said."They're the only thing that Live Science. looks like human language in that respect. At this point,it is not clear why dogs seem to Although previous research has shown that be equipped with the ability to recognize different apes and monkeys can understand complex facial expressions in humans."To us,the most information from another animal's call,the animals do likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies not appear to use their voices intentionally to in their living with humans,which gives them a lot communicate messages.This was a significant of exposure to human facial expressions,"and this difference between calls and gestures.Dr Hobaiter exposure has provided them with many chances to said. learn to distinguish between them,Muller said. Chimps will check to see if they have the 48 Part One阅读 attention of the animal with which they wish to Passage3(2020·全国卷I·D篇) communicate.In one case,a mother presents her The connection between people and plants has foot to her crying baby,signalling:"Climb on long been the subject of scientific research.Recent me."The youngster immediately jumps on to its studies have found positive effects.A study mother's back and they travel off together."The conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example, big message from this study is that there is another discovered that greener areas of the city species out there that is meaningful in its experienced less crime.In another,employees communication,so that's not unique to humans," were shown to be 15%more productive when their said Dr Hobaiter. workplaces were decorated with houseplants. Dr Susanne Shultz.an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester,said the study The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of of Technology (MIT)have taken it a step further the evolution of human language.But,she added, 一 changing the actual composition of plants in the results were“a little disappointing”. order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual "The vagueness of the gesture meanings functions.These include plants that have sensors suggests either that the chimps have little to printed onto their leaves to show when they're communicate,or we are still missing a lot of the short of water and a plant that can detect harmful information contained in their gestures and actions,"she chemicals in groundwater."We're thinking about said."Moreover,the meanings seem to not go how we can engineer plants to replace functions of beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal the things that we use every day,"explained communication.So,it seems the gulf remains," Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering 1.What do chimps and humans have in common at MIT. according to Dr Hobaiter? A.Memorizing specific words. One of his latest projects has been to make B.Understanding complex information. plants glow(发光)in experiments using some C.Using voices to communicate. common vegetables.Strano's team found that they D.Communicating messages on purpose. could create a faint light for three-and-a-half 2.What did Dr Shultz think of the study? hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the A.It was well designed but poorly conducted. amount needed to read by,is just a start.The B.It was a good try but the findings were limited. technology,Strano said,could one day be used to C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. light the rooms or even to turn trees into self- D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. powered street lamps. 3.What does the underlined word "gulf"in the last In the future,the team hopes to develop a paragraph mean? version of the technology that can be sprayed onto A.Difference. B.Conflict. plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last C.Balance. D.Connection. the plant's lifetime.The engineers are also trying 4.Which of the following is the best title for the to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow text? A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a would fade when exposed to daylight. breakthrough Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total B.Chimpanzees developed specific communication electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is skills often far removed from the power source ()-such C.Chimpanzees:the smartest species in the animal as the distance from a power plant to street lamps kingdom on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during D.Chimpanzee language:communication transmission ()Glowing plants could reduce gestures translated this distance and therefore help save energy. 49 五年高考真题分类·英语 1.What is the first paragraph mainly about? houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters.“They A.A new study of different plants. are simply a stranger to the land,"said Rodney C. B.A big fall in erime rates. Jubilado,a University of Hawaii researcher who C.Employees from various workplaces. studies the Bajau. D.Benefits from green plants. Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing 2.What is the function of the sensors printed on up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a plant leaves by MIT engineers? living as divers,spearfishing or harvesting A.To detect plants'lack of water. shellfish."We were so amazed that they could stay B.To change compositions of plants. underwater much longer than us local islanders, C.To make the life of plants longer. Dr.Jubilado said."I could see them actually D.To test chemicals in plants. walking under the sea. 3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the In 2015,Melissa Ilardo,then a graduate future? student in genetics at the University of A.They will speed up energy production. Copenhagen.heard about the Bajau.She wondered B.They may transmit electricity to the home. if centuries of diving could have led to the C.They might help reduce energy consumption. evolution of physical characteristics that made the D.They could take the place of power plants. task easier for them."It seemed like the perfect 4.Which of the following can be the best title for chance for natural selection to act on a the text? population,"said Dr.Ilardo.She also said there A.Can we grow more glowing plants? were likely a number of other genes that help the B.How do we live with glowing plants? Bajau dive, C.Could glowing plants replace lamps? 1.What does the author want to tell us by the D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free? examples in paragraph 1? Passage4(2020·全国卷Ⅲ·D篇) A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. We are the products of evolution,and not just B.New knowledge of human evolution. evolution that occurred billions of years ago.As C.Recent findings of human origin. scientists look deeper into our genes(基因)，they D.Significance of food selection. are finding examples of human evolution in just the 2.Where do the Bajau build their houses? past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian A.In valleys. B.Near rivers. highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. C.On the beach. D.Off the coast. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern 3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Europe have gained a mutation(突变)that helps Bajau? them digest milk as adults. A.They could walk on stilts all day. On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a B.They had a superb way of fishing. team of researchers reported a new kind of C.They could stay long underwater. adaptation-not to air or to food,but to the D.They lived on both land and water. ocean.A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? Asia have evolved into better divers.The Bajau,as A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea these people are known,number in the hundreds B.Highlanders'Survival Skills of thousands in Indonesia,Malaysia and the C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research Philippines.They have traditionally lived on D.The World's Best Divers houseboats:in recent times,they've also built 50五年高考真题分类·英语 By 9:33 a. m., a burst of... Less traffie at 9:37 a. m. 5.B 主旨大意题。作者在第一段中抛出话题“声音技术”. ... changes.”可以推知,that指代第一段中的多变的交 并在第二、三、四段中介绍了声音技术领域的三个产品。 通信号灯时间,故选C项。 由此可知,文章主要关注的是声音技术领域的发明,故B 2.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“...othersareso 项正确。 jammed that only... 'It's not going to fix everything. 主题语境三 but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller 人与自然 cities'...”可知,KevinBalke认为自动调节式的交通信 一 自然生态 号灯对小域市的交通改善是有用的,但对交通堵富很声 题组一 重的域市而言,作用并不是非常大,故选D项。 Passage 1 3.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“theswitchto 语篇类型:应用文 主题语境:人与自然--人与环境一 adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of 卡洛秋季徒步健身活动 welcoming new approaches”可推知,从Bellevue装自动调 文章大意:本文主要介绍了卡洛秋季步行节给新手,有经验 节式交通信号灯一事上不难发现,它的成功在于积极尝 的或高阶的徒步者提供的四条徒步旅行线路的基本信息。 试新事物,故选A项。 1.D 理解具体信息。根据四条线路中的WalkDuration部 Passage 3 分的信息我们可以得知,四条线路的徒步时长分别为6 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,文章主要说明了有挑战 小时、5小时、3小时和1.5小时。故PhotographicWalk 性的工作能够让人更好地保持大脑的活力。 in KilbrannishForest用时最短。故选D项。 1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“assessedthe 2.A 理解具体信息。根据Walk3-Moonlight Under the volunteers'memory and thinking skills”可知,科学家对这 Stars 中的“A torch(手电 简)along with suitable clothing 些志愿者进行测试,主要是来研究和评估他们的记忆力 is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are 和思考能力,故选D项。 dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to 2.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Thisworks just participate”可知,穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加该活动,即 like physical exereise ...”可知,Francisca Then是通过 参加Walk3的徒步者需要穿着合适的衣服。故选A项。 与体育锻炼作比较来解释他的发现的,采用的方法是“对 B项“加入徒步俱乐部”;C项“获得特别许可证”;D项“携 比法”,故选B项。 带生存指南”。 3.C 标题判断题,根据全文内容和第一段中的 3.D 理解具体信息。根据四条线路中的DateandTime部 "Challenging work ... might help your brain stay sharp 分的信息可知,四项活动的举办时间都是在周六或者周 asyouage...”可知,本文主要说明了有挑战性的工作能 日,故选D项。A项“它们涉及困难的攀爬”;B项“它们 更好地让你保持敏锐的头脑,故选C项。 是为有经验的徒步者举办的”:C项“它们有共同的起 Passage 4 点”;D项“它们被安排在周末”。 Passage 2 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了声音技术领 【语篇解读】 域的三项发明。 本文是说明文,讲述了美国灰能从演危物种 恢复到2000多头,但也带来了一些问题。 1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itproducesa deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzlybears,which may grow to about 2. 5 m long and weigh over 4oo kg. person.”可知,远程定向声波发射器会发出一种震耳欲 聋的声音,这种声音让人非常痛苦,会使人暂时残疾。由 occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams.(灰 此可知,这种暂时残疾就是暂时性失聪,故A项正确。 熊可以长到2.5米长,体重超过400公斤,在美国人的心 2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Well,itfunctionsby 理中占据着一个矛盾的角落--即使它们给我们带来可 analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and ereating a 怕的梦,我们也敬畏它们。)”可知,美国人对灰熊既有害 second set of outgoing waves... and your peace and 怕,又有敬畏,他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。 quiet comes back.”可知,SilenceMachine能避免你不想 2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In1975. 听到的声音影响你,故D项正确。 grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. 3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Aspotlight lights up (1975年,灰熊被列入《演危物种法》。)”以及第四段 only one section of a stage: similarly, a' spotsound' “Today, there are about 2, ooo or more grizzly bears in creates a circle of sound in one targeted area."可知. the U. S.. Their recovery has been so successful that the spotsound和spotlight的共同点是它们可以被发射到一 U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to 个特定的区域,故D项正确。 delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and 4.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This canbe useful for allow them tobe hunted.(如今,美国大约有2 ooo只或更 businesses... Restaurants can offer a choice of music 多的灰能。它们的恢复非常成功,以至于美国鱼类和野 along with the various food choices on the menu,allowing 生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名,这将放松 customers more control over the atmosphere in which 对灰熊的法律保护,允许它们被猎杀。)”可推知,由于 they are dining.”可知,directed sound可以用于公司为顾 1975年起受法律保护,灰熊的数量有了增长。故选 客提供不同的音乐,故C项正确。 C项。 130 参考答案 3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today,there are about submissions,a pattern of eategories... began to emerge" 2.ooo or more grizzly bears in the U. S.. Their recovery (在320份提交的材料中,一种被研究人员称为“自然语 has been so successful that the U. S. Fish and Wildlife 言”的类别模式开始出现)可知,研究人员这样做是为了 Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which 从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故D项正确。 would loosen legal protections and allow them to be 3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Namingeachnature hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from experience creates a usable language, which helps people conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.(如 recognize and take part in the activities that are most 今,美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非 satisfving and meaningful to them. For example. the 常成功,以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试围将 experience of walking along the edge of water might be 灰熊从名单上除名,这将放松对灰熊的法律保护,允许它 satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in 们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼,这两项努力都被推翻 the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can 了。目前,灰熊仍在名单上。)”可知,是环保组织的反对 enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking 阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰能从演危物种名 along a fountain on their lunch break.(命名每一种自然 单上除名。故选A项。 体验创造了一种可用的语言,这有助于人们认识并参与 4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中”Obviously,if 到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如,沿着 precautions aren't taken, grizzlies can become 水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去 troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking 公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心,他们 through yards in search of food. If people remove food and 可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步,享受一种更居家的互动方 attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will 式。)”可知,本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言, typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing 有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活 around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is 动,接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例 also highly effective at getting grizzlies away, 'Our hope 说明,去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意,回到市中心 is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,' says James 工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知 从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈 Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and 现不同的形式。故选C。 aroundMissoula.(显然,如果不采取预防措施,灰熊会变 得很麻烦,有时会杀死农场动物,或者在院子里寻找食 4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“·We'retryingto 物。如果人们把食物和引诱荆从他们的院子和露营地移 generate a language that helps bring the human-nature 走,灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活 interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can 区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰能。“我们希望 有一个千净,没有诱慨的地方,熊可以通过,而不会养成 interact with it,'said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the 坏习惯,”詹姆斯·琼克尔说,他是一位长期管理米苏拉 study.(“我们正试图创造一种语言,帮助将人类与自然的 及其周围熊的生物学家。)”可推知,灰熊数量增长,虽然 互动带回我们的日常生活中,要做到这一点,我们还常 会带来一些麻烦,但是如果采取一些预防措施,人和灰熊 要保护自然,这样我们才能与它互动,”该研究的资深作 可以和谐相处。故选B项。 者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断,彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大 Passage 3 自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。 本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难 【语篇解读】 Passage4 【语篇解读】 以接触到自然,但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自然。 类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市 文章主要介绍了人们已经证明一种原产千澳大拉西亚的凤 公园的游客进行谓查,发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出 头鹦鹊具有与两岁的人类相似的形状识别能力。 一种可用的语言,帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意 1.B 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:在实验中,凤头 义的活动,该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。 鹦鹉是如何从盒子里拿到坚果的? 1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段内容”Ascitiesballoonwith A.通过遵循指令;B.通过使用工具;C.通过把盒子翻过 growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas 来;D.通过移除盖子。 is becoming harder to find. If you're lucky, there might 根据第一段中“Though not known to use tools in the be a pocket park near where you live, but it's unusual to wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的 in the cage.”(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工 飞速发展,生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自 具,但事实证明,它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工 然。如果你幸运的话,你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖 具)以及"and the birds were given five differently shaped 珍公园,但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。)”可 'keys' to choose from. Inserting the correct 'key' would 知,文章开头作者讲述了一种现象,在城市里,人们很难 let out thenut.”(研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的 找到野生的自然,故选B “钥匙”供它们选择,插入正确的“钥匙”,坚果就会出 2.D 推理判断题。题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的 来。)可知风头鹦鹉是用实验所提供的工具从盒子里拿到 文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话“Acrossthe320 坚果的,故答案为B项。 131 五年高考真题分类·英语 2.C 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:根据文章,一岁 根据第三段 中“And it was in Chile she discovered she 的人类最可能完成哪一项任务? could get last - minute cheap deals on ships going to A. 用钥匙开门;B.区分鹦鹉和其他鸟类;C.把球放进圈 Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the 润里;D.将不同形状的玩具分组。 southernmost tip of the South American mainland."(正 根据第二段中"In humans,babies can put a round shape 是在智利,她发现自己可以在最后的一分钟买到从南美 in a round hole from around one year of age”(人类婴儿在 洲大陆最南端火地岛外的岛屿前往南极洲的康价船票。) 一岁左右就能把一个圆形的东西放进一个圆洞里)可知 可知答案为C项。 答案为C项。 3.C 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:旅行结束后, 3.D 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:后续测试是为了 Ginni对南极洲有什么看法? 得出关千凤头鹦鹅的什么结论? A.南极洲可以成为她的家;B.南极洲很容易到达;C.南 A.它们能看到多远;B.它们如何跟踪移动的物体;C.它 极洲应该被很好地保护;D.南极洲需要被详细地介绍。 们是否比猴子更聪明;D.它们在测试中是否使用触觉。 根据最后一段可知,Ginni最深刻的感受之一是意识到这 根据第三段“The next step, according to the researchers. 是一块宝贵的土地,应该受到人类的尊重,故答案为 is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely C项。 on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making 如果考生在做题的时候不依据原文,而是根据自己的主 their shape selections.”(下一步,据研究人员所说,是试 观想法觉得南极洲不是经常去的旅游目的地,就有可能 着找出凤头鹦熟是否完全依赖视觉线索,或是也使用触 选择D项。 觉进行形状的选择。)可知答案为D项。 4.B 本题为主旨大意题。本题题干意为:这篇文章主要讲 4.D 本题为主旨大意题。本题题千意为:哪一项适合作为 的是什么? 本文的标题? A.童年的梦想;B.难忘的经历;C.环球航行;D.在南极洲 A.风头鹦鹉:快速检查错误者;B.凤头鹦鹉:独立的学习 遇见动物。 者:C.风头鸭鹉:聪明的信号读取者;D.凤头鹦鹉;如熟的 根据第一段可知,当GinniBazlinton到达南极洲时,她发 形状分类者。 现一群巴布亚企鹅正渴望与她问好。这些温柔可爱的看 根据第一段的“Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot 门人欢迎她,并开启了Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行。故答 native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar 案为B项。 shaperrecognition abilities to a human two- year-old."(戈 原文在第二段提到了Ginni从小就热爱旅行,但全文并没 芬氏风头鹦鹤是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹅,已经 有强调童年梦想,故排除A.原文中Ginni渴望探索世 被证明具有与两岁的人类相似的形状识别能力。)可知答 界,但是环游的方式可能不局限于allin(乘船航行)一 案为D项。 种,并且原文第一段就表明此文重点描述了Ginni在南极 Passage 5 洲的旅行体验,几乎不涉及其他地区,所以应该是一次 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境是人与自我。 (在南极洲的)难忘的经历,故排除C。 文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就热爱旅行, 题组二 渴望探险,在结束了自己职业舞者生涯和孩子们另立门户 Passage 1 之后,她开始周游世界,并在2008年踏上了前往南极洲的 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语 旅程。 境内容为人与动物。文章介绍了一项关于狗能识别人类表 1.A 本题为词义猜测题。本题题干意为:下面哪个选项最 情的新研究。 好地解释了第二段中画线的“taketheplunge”? 语篇知识 研究报告常见的文章结构为:研究结果一研究 A.尝试具有挑战性的事物;B.取得一个学位;C.找回失 过程和方法一研究结果的运用(研究的不足之处或今后的 去的记忆:D.坚守承诺。 研究方向),针对此类文章,阅读时,考生可重点关注首段。 根据第二段中“Throughout her career as a professional 并通过分析中间部分的内容来验证文章主旨。 dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to 命题立意 语篇介绍了一项研究结果:研究人员对11只狗 explore further. When she retired from dancing and her 进行测试,发现狗对人的表情具有识别能力。语篇通过精 sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to 炼的语言,科学地证明了狗对人的表情的识别能力,引导学 take theplunge.”(在她的职业舞者生涯中,她曾在英国 生树立科学研究的严谨态度,引导学生关注人与自然、人与 巡演,但总是渴望进一步地去探索,当她不再跳舞,她的 动物的和谐共存。针对此语篇共设置3道小题,分别考查 儿子们最终另立门户时,她决定是时候冒险了。)可知 学生理解具体信息的能力和理解段落主旨大意的能力。 Ginni Bazlinton热爱探险,但是由于事业和家庭的牵续没 1.B 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:新研究关注狗是 能早点去外面的世界探索,而当儿子们长大,自已也退休 否能够 的时候,外出冒险的机会就来了,故答案为A项。 A.区分形状;B.理解人脸;C.感到高兴或生气;D.彼此 2.C 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:是什么让Ginni 交流。 决定去南极洲流行的? 根据第一段最后一句“Dogs may indeed be able to A.可爱的企鹅:B. 美丽的风景;C.折扣票价;D.朋友的 distinguish between happy and angry human faces...”(狗或 邀请。 许真的能够分辨开心和愤怒的人类表情....)可知,这项 132 参考答案 新研究关注的是狗是否能够弄清楚人类面部表情。 3.A 本题为词义猜测题。本题题干意为:最后一段中画线 B项中的makesenseof意为”理解,弄清楚”,对应第一段 词“gulf”是什么意思? 中的词汇distinguish。 A:差异;B:矛盾;C:平衡;D:连接。 2.C 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:从第二段中我们 根据画线词所在的段落“The vagueness of the gesture 能了解到关于这项研究的什么内容? meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to A. 研究人员以随机顺序测试狗:B.训练过程中多种方法 communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the 被采用;C.两个阶段里用的图片是不同的;D.在测试之前 information contained in their gestures and actions.”和 狗被拍嚣。 “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what 通读第二段可知,本段主要讲的是研究的过程和方法。 other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So. 根据本段中的描述"During the training stage, each dog it seems the gulf remains.”可知,黑狸程姿势的研究还有 was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the 局限性。且这些传达的意思似乎和其他动物用非语言传 person's face. The researchers then... by showing them 达的意思也没有很大的不同,所以研究上还有偏差存在 the other half of the person's face... different from the 的,故选A。 onesusedintraining.”可知在研究的两个阶段,使用的图 4.D 本题为主旨大意题。本题题干意为:下列哪个选项是 片是不一样的,故C项是正确的。 本文最合适的标题? 3.B 本题为主旨大意题。本题题干意为:最后一段主要是 A:黑强强的行为研究取得突破;B:黑狸强发展出特定的 关千什么的? 交流技巧;C:黑程程:动物王国中最聪敏的物种;D:黑程 A.一项对未来研究的建议;B.该研究结果的一个可能的 程的语言:被翻译的交流姿势。 原因;C.该研究的一项重要限制:D.对该研究方法的一种 文章讲的是一项关于黑程程的姿势研究。研究发现,黑 解释。 程程会有意地利用姿势来传递信息和交流,研究分析了 根据最后一段第一句“At this point,it is not clear why 它们姿势的意义。故选D。 dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to B选项强调黑程狸们已经发展出了特殊的技巧进行交流, recognize...”可知,本段要探讨狗能识别人的表情的原 但是全文并未明确说明它们的交流技巧,所以B选项不 是最佳选项。 因。第二句紧接着解释了可能的原因(themost likely Passage 3 explanation)。B项中的Apossible reason与第一句中的 【语篇解读】 why和第二句中的explanation对应,故B项正确。 本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了与植物有关 对于段落的主旨,可以锁定段首句或段尾句来分析,通过 的研完,重点介绍了发光植物的相关内容。 分析段落内各句之间的逻解关系来验证选择是否正确。 1.D 段落大意题。根据第一段第二句“Recentstudies have found positive effects.”及本段中的“... greener 另外,还可以通过找到选项和原文中的对应词汇来确定。 Passage 2 areas of the city experienced less crime"和"employees 1 本文是一篇科普文章,主题语境为人与自然。 were shown to be 15% more productive when their 【语篇解读】 workplaces were decorated with houseplants."可知,D选 主题语境内容为人与动植物。本文介绍了一项关干黑狸 项“Benefits from green plants.”能概括本段内客。 的姿势的研究。研究发现,黑程程会有意地利用姿势来传 2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“These include 递信息和交流。 plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show 1.D 本题为细节理解题。本题题千意为:在DrHobaiter when they're short of water...”可知,A选项正确。根 看来,黑程狸和人类有什么共同点? 据该句后半部分“a plant that candetect harmful A.记忆特定的词汇;B:理解复杂的信息;C:使用声音进 chemicals ingroundwater”可知,干扰项D选项错误。 行交流;D:故意交流信息。 3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句 根据第二段最后一句Only humans and chimps,she said. “Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore had a system of communication where they deliberately help save energy.”可推知,在未来发光的植物可能有助 sent amessage to another groupmember. 可知,人类和黑程 千减少能源消耗。 程都会有意地进行交流。 4.C 标题判断题。文章第一段点明植物的积极作用;第二 2.B 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:DrShultz认为这 段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究;第三段说明最 项研究怎么样? 新的研究表明植物可以发光:第四段是有关将来要开发 A:它设计良好但操作欠佳;B:它是一次很好的尝试,但是 的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以 研究结论有限;C:它令人鼓舞,但是证据缺乏可信度; “打开”和“关上”:第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多,或 D:它是一次失败,但是研究的方法值得称赞。 许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物 根据倒数第二段Dr Susanne Shultz.... said the study 能代替灯吗?)最能凸显本文主题。 was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of Passage4 the evolution of human language. But.... the results were 【语篇解读】 1 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现居住在东南亚 “a litle disappointing”中的praiseworthy 和 a little 的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存,进化成了更好的潜水者。 disappointing可知,这次研究有值得称赞之处,但是也有 1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...theyarefinding 点令人失望,故选B。 examples of human evolution in just the past few 133 五年高考真题分类·英语 thousandyears...”可以推断,作者举例主要是为了告诉 Passage 2 【语篇解读】 读者人类进化的新发现,故选B。 本文是一篇应用文,文章主要介绍了黄石国 2. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theyhave 家公园提供的儿项护林员项目。 traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times. 1.D 细节理解题,根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)(在黄 waters.”可知,巴瑶族人的房子主要建在沿海地区,故D 石体验野生动物(5月26日至9月2日))”和“Junior 项正确。 Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)(少年游 3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wewere soamazed 骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会(6月5日至8月21日))” that they could stay underwater much longer than us local 与"Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) islanders...”可知,年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已 (在ArtistPoint的峡谷会谈(6月9日至9月2日))”以 的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长的时间,故选C. 及“Photography Workshops (June 19 &. July 1o)(摄影 4.A 标题判断题。本文是一篇研究报道,根据第二段的研 研讨会(6月19日和7月10日))”可知,四个项目中在黄 究结果"... a team of researchers reported a new kind of 石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。 adaptation- not to air or to food,but to the ocean."并结 2. D 细节理解题。根据文章“CanyonTalks atArtist Point 合本文主要讲述的巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生 (June 9 to September 2)(在Artist Point 的块答会谈(6 活,进化成更好的潜水者可知,A项适合作本文的标题。 月9日至9月2日))部分中的“Froma classic viewpoint, 二 环境保护 enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the 题组一 breathtaking colors of the canyon(块谷) while learning about Passage 1 the area's natural and human history.(从一个经典的视 语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与自然一-人与动物一 角,欣赏下瀑布,黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩,同时了解该 中西医结合治疗动物 地区的自然和人类历史)”可知,在ArtistPoint的简短演 文章大意:美国兽医WilliamFarber因背痛尝试中医针炙治 讲主题是关于缺答地区的历史的,故选D。 3. B 细节理解题。根据文拿“PhotographyWorkshops 疗,之后病症得到缓解,然后他把针炙,按摩疗法,草药和传 统西医治疗相结合用于治疗动物。 (June19&.July10)(摄影研讨会(6月19日和7月10 1.A 理解观点、态度。根据第一段中的“someofhis 日))”部分中的“7/1o-Wildflowers &.White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods"可 知,Farber的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的治疗方法, (7.10-Wildflowers &.White Balance:在奇滕登停车场的 再结合第一段中Farber的话“Iamnotcrazy”可知, WashburnTrailhead举行)”可知,7月10目的摄影研讨 Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。故选A项。B项“他 会将在WashburnTrailhead举行,故选B. Passage 3 严格”;C项“他勇敢”;D项“他粗鲁”。 【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从 2.C 理解具体信息,根据第二段中的“Hebecame 小就很爱思考且好学,他建造了一个生态机器,利用自然可 interested in alternative treatments... What worked on a 以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients"可知. 1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasa Farber尝试针奂治疗之后背痛得到了缓解,所以他认为 child, he loved to explore the woods around his house. 针炙治疗似乎也可以应用到宠物身上,也就是说他自己 observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream. 作为病人从针炙治疗中获得了益处,所以决定把针炙应 for example, often became clear after flowing through 用到宠物身上。故选C。A项“他在大学受过针负训 plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When 练”;B项“他受到了另一位兽医的启发”;D项“他想为宠 he got older, John started to wonder if this process could 物主人省钱”。 be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约 3.D 理解段落主旨要义。本段主要介绍了两个动物经过 翰·托德还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树 Farber的治疗后,病情有所好转。由此可知,本段主要介 林,观察大自然是如何解决问题的,例如,一条航脏的小 绍了Farber的“针炙、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相 溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后,往往变得清激。 结合”的整体医学所取得的效果。故选D。A项“按摩疗 长大后,约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们 法的步骤”;B项“兽医工作的复杂性”;C项“罕见动物疾 制造的混乱。)”以及第二段“After studyingagriculture. 病示例”。 medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to 4.A 理解目的。根据题千中的“AmericanHolistic observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain VeterinaryMedicalAssociation”可将答案定位至最后一 plants trap harmful bacteria(细篱)? Which kinds of fish 段。“Since 1982...grown from30 to over 700”具体解释 can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业, 上文中的“thepast”,所以作者提到该组织是为了证明智 医学和渔业之后,约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的 号前所说的“he maybe right”,即为了证明Farber的观点 生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌?哪些鱼类会 是正确的。故选A。B项“为了强调它的重要性”;C项 食用致痛化学物质?)”可知,约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。 “为了赞扬兽医”;D项“为了提倡动物保护”。 故选C. 134