三灾害防范-【育才学案】2020-2024年五年高考英语真题分类

Part One阅读 三 灾害防范 题组 用时： 正确率： 易错题： Passage1(2024·1月浙江卷·C篇) One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding On September 7,1991,the costliest hailstorm is Chuck Doswell,a research scientist who just (in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern retired from the University of Oklahoma."In suburbs.As a result,since 1996 a group of 1999,I personally saw significant tornadoes insurance companies have spent about 2 million 风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,”Dr. per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Doswell says."Does cloud seeding create killer Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a storms or reduce moisture downwind?No one chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain really knows,of course,but the seeding goes on. before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. Given the degree of doubt,Mr.Stienwand But farmers in east-central Alberta-downwind of the hail project flights-worry that precious suggests,"it would be wise to stop cloud seeding." moisture (is being stolen from their thirsty In practice,doubt has had the opposite effect.Due land by the cloud seeding. to the lack of scientifie proof concerning their Norman Stienwand,who farms in that area, impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit has been addressing public meetings on this issue against cloud-seeding companies.Hence,private for years."Basically,the provincial government is climate engineering can proceed in relative legal letting the insurance companies protect the safety. Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,"Mr. 1.What does the project aim to do? Stienwand says,but they're increasing drought A.Conserve moisture in the soil. risk as far east as Saskatchewan. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. Krauss,a cloud physicist who works for Weather D.Investigate chemical use in farming. Modification Ine.of Fargo.North Dakota."We affect only a very small percentage of the total 2.Who are opposed to the project? moisture in the air,so we cannot be causing A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. drought,”Dr.Krauss says.“In fact,we may be B.Managers of insurance companies. helping increase the moisture downwind by C.Provincial government officials. creating wetter ground." D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 57 五年高考真题分类·英语 3.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he Rock salt is made of sodium chloride,the saw in 1999? same compound(化合物)in ordinary table salt. A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. Sounds harmless,right?But while you probably B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. add only a small amount of salt to your food,road C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. roads every year! 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? The chemical washes off roads and goes into A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. the ground.There it can pollute drinking water, B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. harm plants,and eat away soil.By spreading C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt.Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. salt use by 30 percent. Passage2(2020·1月浙江卷·B篇) Cheese brine has a downside too -a smell Milwaukee,Wisconsin,is road-testing a new similar to that of bad milk."I don't really mind way to keep winter roads ice-free-by spreading on it,"Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. them cheese brine,the salty liquid used to make He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway soft cheeses.like mozzarella. commissions and came up with the idea of using Wisconsin,also called "America's Dairyland",is cheese brine."Our roads smell like Wisconsin!"he famous for its cheese.The state produced 2.8 said. billion pounds of cheese last year!As a result. 1.Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads there was a lot of leftover cheese brine.Disposing ice-free? of(处置)the brine can be expensive.So what A.It is soft. B.It contains salt. should cheese makers do with the waste? C.It is warm. D.It has milk in it. Normally,towns use rock salt to de-ice 2.What is a benefit of using cheese brine on roads? streets.The salt lowers water's freezing point. A.Improving air quality. causing ice to melt ()But using cheese brine B.Increasing sales of rock salt. could help both cheese producers and cities save C.Reducing water pollution. money,while keeping roads safe.Cheese brine has D.Saving the cheese industry. salt in it,which,like the rock salt,helps lower 3.Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be water's freezing point. an example of In addition to saving money,cheese brine A.barking up the wrong tree could also be a more eco-friendly option.Many B.putting the cart before the horse people suspect that all the rock salt used every C.robbing Peter to pay Paul winter is harming the environment. D.killing two birds with one stone 58参考答案 "The ecosystem...It's destroying the environment." 把它戴在Bggy的衣领上，让她监测污染？于是我们就 知，因为海狸鼠破坏湿地避而破坏了环境，所以科学家很 这么做了。可知Tom是非常的有创造力的。故答案为 担此。故选A。 C项。 3.D词义猜测题，根据画线词前的"The fur trade kept 三灾害防范 nutria in check for decades.,,”可知，几十年来，毛皮贸易 题组 使海狸泉（的数量）处于控制之下。根据画线词后的“· Passage 1 the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy,”可知，这种 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然—灾害防范 猫大小的动物戏狂地繁殖。由此可推知，20世纪80年代 防雹千预计划之争 未海狸鼠市场雉换了。collapse的意思应是“崩溃”，故 文章大意：本文介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹千预计划， 选D 以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。 4,B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To give people a L,B理解具体信息。题千中的“the project"指的就是第一 guilt-free option...a massive thing,at least here in New 段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression Projeet'”,因此 Yok.”可知，在组约，穿毛皮衣服其有风险性。故选B。 根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells Passage 4 with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩 before they can grow into dangerous hailstones'”可知，飞 子Tom Hunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴 机通过向有威胁性的风暴体稀辙一种化学物质，使得小 污染盘测器米记录地面附近的污染物水平：监测仪显示，接 冰品在变成危险的冰鼋之前先变成雨落下。由此可知， 近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿可 这一计划旨在防止冰意的形成，故选B项。A项“保存土 能面临更高风险发展肺都问题的担忧。 壤水分”：C项“预报灾难性宣基”：D项“调查农业中化学 1,B细节理解题。本题题千意为：地的衣领上战着监视 品的使用”。 器，Baggy可以…。根搭文章第二段Baggy wears a 2.A理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“But farmers in pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data east-central Alberta...worry that precious moisture measurements close to the ground,Baggy在地的表领上 is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud 戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行 seeding.”可知，Alberta中东部的农民担心播云会带是他 数据测量。可知战着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水 们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知，这些农民是反对 平。故答紫为B项。 这个计划的，故选A项， 2.D推理判断题，本题题干意为：我们从Bggy收集到数 3.C理解目的。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the 据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段Her monitor has safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell"可知，Doswell shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground 博士对据云的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到]999年 level,which has helped highlight concerns that babies 亲眼目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风基单体形 and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung 成的重大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does eloud problems,她的监测仅显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更 seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture 高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童强患肺部疾病的风险更高 downwind?”,怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风 的世忧。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答紫为 处的水分。由此可推断出，Doswel‖博士提到他看到的 D项， 1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云存在可能的风险，故选 3.A携理判断题。本题题千意为：进行这项研究T0m的 C项。A项“为了比较不同的播撒方式”：B项“为了说明 意图是？根据文章第四段Tom has since reported the 大雹暴的形成”：C项“为了表明播云可能存在的风险”：D shocking findings to the government in an attempt to 项“为了说明风基和水分之间的关系”。 emphasize that babies are at higher risk of developing 4.D推断。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence,private asthma(哮喘)，汤坶已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府，试 climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety" 图强调，婴儿患孝喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究的目的 知，私营的气侯工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中 是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。 继续进行下去，也就是这些公同会继续存在下去，故选D 4,C誰理判断题。本题题千意为：根据文章，哪个词最能 项。A项“科学研究证明了Stienwand是对的”：B项“私 描述汤姆·亨特？根搭文章倒数第二段“Tom built up a 营的气候工程公司在加拿大是非法的”：C项“关于播云 passion for environmental protection at a very early age. 的疑虑已经消失了”：D项“播云公司会继续存在下去” Matt added.'He became very interested in gadgets( Passage 2 装置)，About one year ago,he got this new piece of tech 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在文章中，作者主要介 which is like a test tube.One Sunday afternoon,we went 绍了美国威斯康星州密尔沃基市变度为宝，用奶酪挂水来 out to do some monitoring,and he said,why don't we 豫冰。 put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution? l.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“cheese brine,the ·So we did i北"“汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生 salty liquid used to make soft cheeses'”和第三段的 了热情”，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品（小装置） "Cheese brine has salt in it,which.like the rock salt. 大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星 helps lower water's freezing point..”可知，周为奶酪盐水 期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他说，为什么我们不 含有盐，所以可以被用来除冰，故答案选B项。 137 五年高考真题分类·英语 2.C推理判断题。根据文章第四夜的“.，cheese brine 游快速增长导致某些地区和目的地的过度旅游，再根据 could also be a more eco-friendly option..”和第六段的 空后的“Certainly not..The loss of what travel offers "There it can pollute drinking water,harm plants,and eat would be unacceptable in today's world”可知，在当今世 away soil.By spreading cheese brine on streets..." 界，失去旅行提供的东西是无法接受的。由此可推断，空 断，利用奶酪盐水来除冰更加环保，比用其他化学制品更 处应滨讨论是否停止旅游这项殿务。故选B项。 能够减少对水的污染。故答案选C预。 2.C本段小标题是“谨镇选择”，再根据空前的“With s0 3.D推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“But using cheese many online posts..,deeply draws you”,可推知，很多人 brine,.keeping roads safe.”和第四段的“In addition to 言目跟风选择旅游地，只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物 saving money,cheese brine could also be a more eco 真正吸引你时才去。空处在结尾处，应该紧和本段标题 friendly option..”可知，利用奶酪盘水来徐冰是一举两得 和空前内容，点出选择旅行应是为自己而不是为别人 的事情，既能够省线，微到废物利用，同时又能够比其他 故达C项。 化学制品除冰更加环保。故答案选D项“killing two 3.E根据空前的“Though overtourism is deseribed as a birds with one stone(一石二鸟)” problem...That means you have tons of less-visited Part Two 阅读七选五 options to choose from”可知，过度旅游只集中在少数非 常受欢迎的地方，游客其实还有更多逃择的空间。空后 题组一 "Why not try a regional alternative or check out a Passage 1 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我一生活与学 popular destination's lesser-known sights?"”鼓励游家去尝 试一些地区性或知名度相对较低的景点旅游，以此缓解 习—词典的使用 过度旅游压力。空处应承上启下，涉及游客能选择的其 语境概述：本文主要介绍了作者对于写作中拼写和词典使 他地方，E项中的“undiscovered places'"符合题意。 用的看法及自身的相关习惯等。 4.A本文是慈(Para,1)一分(Para.2至Para,4》一总 L,F根据上文中的“If you want to be published,it's vital (Para,5)结构，分析第二至四段的段落结构和特点（斯使 to submit a perfect,professionally presented manuscript 句主旨句十内容)可知，本空（位于第四段段首）应是本段 (原稿)”（如果你想发表作品，提艾一份完美的、专业是现 主肯句，根据本段中的“skipping major holidays or rush 的手稿是至关重要的)可知，此处会讲到完美的、专业呈 hour""boost the economy when tourism is traditionally 现的手稿是什么样子的，选项下“那意味着语法不错并且 slower'”可知，本段建议跳过重大假期或高峰时间旅行。 没有拼写错误”符合语境。所以选F, A项“非高峰时间去旅游”精准概括段落大意， 2.B根据上文中的“Idon'ttrust my laptop's spellchecker'" 5.G根据空前的"Do your part to preserve what makes a (我不信任我笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序)可知，此处会 destination special in the first place”可知，尽自己所能去 讲到不信任的原因，选项B“它不考虑上下文”符合语境。 保护蔡游地，再根据空后的“You may be amazed how 所以选B much closer you'll feel to the people there”可推断空处应 3,E段落主旨句。根据下文中的“1 t should give you a 提到如何Do your part,G项“考虑为游览的社区做一些 precise definition of each word...how the word is 贡献”既解释了上文，又是下文的原因： pronounced”(它应该为你提供每个单词的精确定义，从而 Passage 3 区分它与其他含义相似但不完全相同的单词。它通常还 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我一健康的生活方 会显示单词是如何发膏的)可知，该段主要讲述了词典不 式一适度饮食 仅仅提供单词的拼写，还有其他功能。所以选E 1.F文章开头提出问题“什么是适度？”，空前两句给出了 4,A根据下文中的“However,if I need to check the origin 解释“Basically,it means eating only as much food as your of a word or to look up examples of its usage,there's body needs.You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal. nothing better”(但是，如果我需要接实某个单词的起源 but not to0fu”(从根本上说，适度意味着你的身体需要 或查找其用法示例，就没有比这更好的了)可知，此处应 多少食物，你就只吃多少。用餐结来时你应该感到满足· 该讲述作着不怎么使用这本词典。所以选A。 但不能太饱)，空后又讲到了“But it doesn't mean saying 5.D报据下文中的“A few minutes spent casting your eye goodbye to the foods you love'”(但是这并不意味着你要 over a page or two can be a rewarding experience”(花几 跟你喜欢的食物说再见)，因此空处应承接上文，就造度 分钟粗略测览一两颤内容可以是一种令人满意的体验) 进行进一步解释，且与空后内容形成转折。F项“对我们 可知，选项D但是，词典也可以是一种令人愉悦的读物” 很多人来说，近度意味者吃得比平时少”与上下文衔接紧 可以与之构成逻辑上的顺承关系。所以选D 密。F项中的“means”与上文的"means'"和下文的“mean Passage 2 的呼应也是提示， 语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会一旅游一如何 2.C根搭本段的主旨句“Take your time'”,可知，本段主要 媛解过度旅游 国绕“不着急，慢慢来”展开，且空后讲到了“It actually 语境概述：本文主要介绍了缓解过度旅游的一些具体的方 takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that 法：谨慎选择，有创造性、避开高峰期等。 it has had enough food.so eat slowly and stop eating l.B根据空前的“butt小he rapid growth of travel has led to before you feel ful"(你的大脑需要花费几分钟告诉你的 overtourism in certain regions and destinations”,可知，旅 身体它已经摄入了足够的食物，因此要慢，点吃，在你感觉 138