二做人与做事-【育才学案】2020-2024年五年高考英语真题分类

五年高考真题分类·英语 二 做人与做事 过题组一 用时: 正确率: 易错题: Passage 1(2024·1月浙江卷·D篇) changed our information environment. We are now The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was ceaselessly bombarded (轰 炸)with new originally conducted by psychologist Walter information. Therefore,just as we need to be more Mischel in the late 196os. Children aged four to thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A need to be more thoughtful about our information single sugary treat, selected by the child, was consumption, resisting the temptation of the placed on a table. Each child was told if they mental "junk food" in order to manage our time waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,they most effectively. would be given a second treat. Then they were left 1. What did the children need to do to get a second alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the treat in Mischel's test? children later in life showed a connection between A. Take an examination alone. an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second B. Show respect for the researchers. treat and various forms of success. C. Share their treats with others. As adults we face a version of the D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted 2. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers between phones, and tablets-all the deviees that connect A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites us to the global delivery system for various types B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs of information that do to us what marshmallows do C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains to preschoolers. D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit We are tempted by sugary treats because our 3. What does the author suggest readers do? ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our A. Absorb new information readily. brains developed a response mechanism to these B. Be selective information consumers treats that reflected their value-a feeling of C. Use diverse information sources. reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the D. Protect the information environment. world around us, dramatically reducing the cost 4. Which of the following is the best title for the and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still text? have the same brains we had thousands of years A. Eat Less,Read More ago,and this mismatch is at the heart of why so B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans many of us struggle to resist tempting foods tha C. The Later,the Better we know we shouldn't eat. D. The Marshmallow Test for Grown-ups A similar process is at work in our response to Passage2(2023·全国乙卷·C篇) information. Our formative environment as a What comes into your mind when you think of species was information-poor, so our brains British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday developed a mechanism that prized new dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British information. But global connectivity has greatly food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain 10 Part One 阅读 has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it 3. Which is the percentage of the people using is producing more top class chefs who appear more diverse ingredients now? A.20%. frequently on our television screens and whose B.24%. C.25%. recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. D.33%. It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any 4. What might the author continue talking about? advertising campaign that Britons are turning away A. The art of cooking in other countries. from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and B. Male chefs on TV programmes. becoming more adventurous in their cooking C. Table manners in the UK. habits. It is recently reported that the number of D. Studies of big eaters. those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and Passage3(2023·全国乙卷·A篇) around half of Britain's consumers would like to PRACTITIONERS change or improve their cooking in some way. Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) There has been a rise in the number of students highlights the suspicion that women practicing applying for food courses at UK universities and medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she colleges. It seems that TV programmes have moved to Paris where she worked as a physician helped change what people think about cooking and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for According to a new study from market practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery testimonials(证明) of her ability as a doctor, she programmes on TV has encouraged them to try was banned from medicine. different food. Almost one third say they now use a James Barry (c. 1789-1865) was born wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to quality ingredients than before. One in four adults study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813. say that TV chefs have made them much more cookery then joined the British Army, serving overseas. confident about expanding their Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461-1554) was a Chinese obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through scheduling. Cookery television physician who learned her skills from her shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not than before. With an increasing number of male serve apprenticeships (学徒期)with doctors. chefs on TV, it's no longer "uncool" for boys to However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan like cooking treated women from all walks of life. In 15ll, Tan 1. What do people usually think of British food? wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor. A. It is simple and plain. describing her life as a physician. B. It is rich in nutrition. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) worked C. 1t lacks authentic tastes. as a nurse for eight years before studying in D. It deserves a high reputation. medical college in Boston in 186o. Four years 2. Which best describes cookery programmes on later, she was the first African American woman British TV? to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia A. Authoritative. B. Creative. in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed C. Profitable. D. Influential. slaves. 1 五年高考真题分类·英语 1. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and A. Doing teaching jobs. storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in B. Being hired as physicians. Kansas. C. Performing surgery. This wanderlust is inherited from her father. D. Being banned from medicine. she says. He moved their family from Canada to 2. How was Tan Yunxian different from the other California when she was one year old, because he practitioners? wanted them to explore a new place together. As A. She wrote a book. soon as she graduated from high school she left B. She went through trials. home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian C. She worked as a dentist. coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a D. She had formal education. life of sailing and off-road biking. 3. Who was the first African American with a It turns out that pet transporting pays quite medical degree? well at about $ 3o, ooo per year before tax. She A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. doesn't work in summer, as it would be B. Tan Yunxian. unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even C. James Barry. with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler restless-the same old wanderlust returning. It's a Passage4(2022·1月浙江卷·A篇) call she must handle alone, though. Merebeth For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been says,“When I'm on the road I'm just in my own a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet world. I've always been independent-spirited and I transport job was born of the financial crisis(危 just feel strongly that I must help animals." 机) in the late 2ooos. The downturn hit the real 1. Why did Merebeth change her job? estate(房地产) firm where she had worked for ten A. She wanted to work near her home. years as an office manager. The firm went broke B. She was tired of working in the office. and left her looking for a new job. One day, while C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver. driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering D. Her former employer was out of business. on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and 2. The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a desire to loving home for sure, but 1, 6oo miles away. It A. make money didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the B. try various jobs dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her C. be close to nature new job. D. travel to different places Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her 3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the new job? US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she A. She has chances to see rare animals. says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she B. She works hard throughout the year will simply find a pet with transport needs there. C. She relies on herself the whole time. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary. 2 Part One 阅读 题组二 用时: 正确率: 易错题: Passage 1(2021·6月浙江卷·A篇) 2. What do we know about Nielsen in the second Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one half of his career? but he had one particular shining star in his life A. He directed some high guality movies his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The B. He avoided taking on new challenges. admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired C. He focused on plaving dramatic roles. Nielsen to make a career(职业) in acting. Even D. He became a successful comedy actor. though he often felt he would be discovered to be a 3. What does Nielsen's career story tell us? nor talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to A. Art is long, life is short. the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first B. He who laughs last laughs longest. television appearance a few years later in 1948. C. It's never too late to learn. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor D. Where there's a will there's a way. would still be an uphill battle for another eight Passage2(2020·新高考I卷·B篇) years until he landed a number of film roles that Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower finally got him noticed. than the typical college student to pursue her goal But even then, what he had wasn't quite what of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until large family to earn a bachelor's degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a 1980-32 years into his career-that he landed the farm in a family of 1o children. Her dad worked at role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the That movie led him into the second half of his farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer career where his comedic presence alone could attended a local technical college, working to pay make a movie a financial success even when movie her tuition(学费),because there was no extra reviewers would not rate it highly. money set aside for a college education. After Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? graduation, she worked to help her sisters and Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the brothers pay for their schooling. comedy that he always felt he should do, but even Iennifer now is married and bas three children during his last few years, he always had a sense of of her own. She decided to go back to college to curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge advance her career and to be able to better support might be just around the corner. He never stopped her family while doing something she loves: working. never retired. nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully Ministry Saint Ioseph's Hospital in Marshfield inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with because she was able to pursue her four-year little more than plain old hard work and degree close to home. She could drive to class and determination. He showed us that even a single be home in the evening to help with her kids. desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable Jennifer received great support from her family as life. she worked to earn her degree: Her husband 1. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor? worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68 A. He enjoyed watching movies. year-old mother helped take care of the children a B. He was eager to earn money. times. C. He wanted to be like his uncle Through it all, she remained in good academic D. He felt he was good at acting. standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer 2 五年高考真题分类·英语 sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal.giving up “A lot of skills are needed for the job. You many nights with her kids and missing important have to make sure you don't turn two pages at events to study. "Some nights my heart was once and make sure you find the repeats in the breaking to have to pick between my kids and music when you have to go back to the right studying for exams or papers," she says. spot,"Mr Titterton explained. However, her children have learned an important Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an require up to 50 page turns, including back turns and that's pretty inspiration to her family for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication powerful. is key, and each pianist has their own style of 1. What did Jennifer do after high school? "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need A. She helped her dad with his work. to practise with their page turner. B. She ran the family farm on her own. But like all performances, there are moments C. She supported herself through college. when things go wrong."I was turning the page to D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. get ready for the next page, but the draft wind 2. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the Saint loseph's Hospital in Marshfield stand,"Mr Titterton said,"Luckily I was able to A. To take care of her kids easily. catch them and put them back." B. To learn from the best nurses. Most page turners are piano students or up- C. To save money for her parents. and-coming concert pianists, although Ms D. To find a well-paid job there. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her 3. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? out on stage. “My husband is the worst page turner,"she A. Her health laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. every note,and I have to say:'Turn,turn!'Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life." D. Her chance of promotion. 1. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page 4. What can we learn from Jennifer's story? turner? A. Time is money. A. Read music. B. Love breaks down barriers. B. Play the piano. C. Hard work pays off. C. Sing songs. D. Education is the key to success. D. Fix the instruments. Passage3(2021·新高考I卷·B篇) 2. Which of the following best describes Titterton's joh By day,Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his on stage? spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist A. Boring. B. Well-paid. Maria Raspopova-not as a musician but as her C. Demanding. D. Dangerous. page turner."I'm not a trained musician, but I've 3. What does Titterton need to practise? learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her A. Counting the pages. performance." B. Recognizing the "nodding”. Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega C. Catching falling objects. Ensemble but has been the group's official page D. Performing in his own style. turner for the past four years. His job is to sit 4. Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worse beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score page turner"? so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of A. He has very poor eyesight. sound by doing it themselves. He said he became B. He ignores the audience. just as nervous as those playing instruments on C. He has no interest in music. stage. D. He forgets to do his job. 1A五年高考真题分类·英语 everybody wouldwalk10miles a day.可知,作者运用转 中相应信息的另一种表述,也通过“无中生有”“偷换概 折引出了孩子们的步行总量减少、缺乏步行的主题。 念”等方式设计了不少干扰项,这也考查了学生信息甄别 2.C 本题为细节理解题。本题题千意为:什么导致了澳大 的能力。 利亚儿童体育活动减少? Passage 3 【语篇解读】 A:纯粹的懒惰;B:健康问题;C:缺乏时间;D:安全考虑。 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,重读一本你读过很 根据第三段 The decline is not because we have all 多次的书,感觉就像和老朋友一起参加酒宴一样。重读的 become lazy, Families are pressed for time. ..可知,作者 美妙之处在于,我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的精 认为主要愿因不是我们变憎了,而是家人时间紧张,故 神状态之上的,书未变,人在变,这就是重读如此丰富和富 选C. 于变化之处。 3.D 本题为推理判断题。本题题千意为:为什么作者认为 1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知,作者认为重读 和儿子步行是值得的? 的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系基于我们目前的精神 A:她可以在工作之后得到放松;B:她可以保持身体健康; 状态,作者年龄越大,就越觉得时光如飞。由此可推知, C.她可以给儿子的学习提供帮助;D:她可以更好地了解 重读以前读过的书能让你增进对自己的理解。因此答案 儿子。 为D. 根据倒数第二段中 But somewhere over the daily walk 2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Publishedin1964,it's more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making his classic memoir of 1920s Paris ... an aging writer sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.”可知.A and rare parental opportunity to hear more. 可知,她在与 MoveableFeay讲述了年迈的海明威回忆青年时代在已 儿子步行途中,可以听到孩子对学校生活的叙述,对友谊 黎度过的日子,因此本题答案为B. 以及友谊的界限的理解。身为家长,能听到这样的话是 3.B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段的第二句可知,作者认 很出乎意料的,这样的机会非常难得。可见,步行可以让 为,虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的,但重读作家的著作是 家长更加了解孩子,故选D。 读者能给予作家的最高奖励,因此画线词在此处指奖励。 Passage 2 4.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Another isAnnie 【语篇解读】 本文为应用文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语 Dillard's Holy the Firn, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) 境内容是职场准备。文章主要介绍了如何申请在联合国教 about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio 科文组织实习。 Cortazar's Save Tuilight: Selected Poems, because 1.C 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:根据这篇文章, poetry.”可以推断作者喜爱诗歌。 申请者被要求 Passage 4 【语篇解读】 A.有理科硕士学位;B.有国际工作经验;C.能流利地说 本文是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述了作者对 英语或法语;D.提交一封来自技术机构的信。 图书馆的热爱。 根据“What are the requirements?”部分中的第二点可知, 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Iwasalwaysan 申请者应该精通英语或法语。文中haveagoodcommand enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books of either English or French 念思与 be fluent in either a day as a child... stories were like air to me ..."可推 Englishor French相同。A选项偷换概念,B、D两项无中 知,小时候,作者与书形影不离。故选C。 生有。 2.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词组前的“As1grewolder 2.A 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:联合国教科文组 ... the library took on a new place...”及下文的“I had 织将为实习期提供什么? several children... to read to them.”可知,随着年龄的 A.有限的医疗保险范围;B.沟通技巧的培训;C.一份工 增长,作者成为母亲,图书馆在她心里有了新的“地位” 作医疗证明;D.旅行费资助。 书成了她和孩子们娱乐的主要来源。由此可推测,原本 根据“What do you need to prepare?”部分中的第三点可 作者自己从读书中获得的乐趣传递到了她的家庭中。故 知,联合国教科文组织将提供有限的健康保险。文中信 “anaddedmeaning”应是指“在作者家中传递的读书的乐 息与A选项表述一致。 趣”。故选B。 3.C 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:申请者在填写申 3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ithinkallwriters 请表之前应该做什么? should support libraries in a significant way when they A.联系联合国教科文组织的经理;B.访问数据库;C.准 can.”可知,作者呼吁其他作者支持图书馆。故选C。 备好一封动机信;D.在一个团队里工作6个月。 4.D标题判断题,阅读全文可知,“library”是本文的线 根据“What do you need to prepare?”部分中的第五点可 索,作者描述了她从孩童到为人母,以及作为小说家对图 知,申请者应该提前准备好动机信。其中haveyour 书馆的热爱。故D项符合题意。 motivation letter ready 与 C选项Keep a motivation letter 二 做人与做事 at hand.意思相吻合。 题组一 本文是篇应用文。这三个问题重点考查了学生利用题千 Passage 1 中的重要信息去文中快速、准确进行信息定位的能力。 语篇类型:议论文 主题语境:人与自我--做人与做事 同时,命题人对选项的设计十分巧妙,正确选项通常是文 -儿童棉花糖实验的启示 114 参考答案 文章大意:文章通过20世纪60年代一项针对孩子的棉花糖 传活动,英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐,而变得更 实验引出作者观点一-身处网络时代,我们每天都受到大 加愿意探索新的京任习惯。)”和“ItseemsthatTV 量信息的诱惑,要学会做有选择的信息消费者。 programmes have helped change what people think about 1.D 理解具体信息。根据第一段对Mischel的棉花糖实 cooking.(似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对宫任的看 验的介绍中的“Each child was told if they waited for 15 法。)”可知,英国的哀任节目能够改变英国人对宫任的看 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a 法,尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来,尝试新的富任习惯, secondtreat”可知,孩子们如果等待15分钟再吃糖,就会 由此推知英国的享任节目具有很大的影响力。故选 得到第二份奖励,故选D项。 D项. 2.C 理解具体信息。根据题千中“mismatch”这一关键词 3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say 将答案定位在第三段的最后一句话“Butaswe've they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料)than reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have better quality ingredients than before.(几乎三分之一的 the same brains we had thousands of years ago,and this 人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多,将近四分之一 mismatch is at the heart... we shouldn't eat".由此句可 的人表示他们现在胸买的配料质量比以前更好。)”可知, 知,我们获取热量所需付出的成本和努力大大减少,也就 三分之一左右的人,也就是33%左右的人,使用的配料比 是说现在我们能够轻易获取充足的食物了,但是我们的 以前更多。故选D项。 大脑仍然和数千年前一样,因此这两者之间是不匹配的, 4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“Withan 故选C项。A项“热量匮乏的世界和我们的好胃口”;B increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer 项“糖分的缺乏和我们的营养需求”;C项“充足的食物供 “uncool"for boys to like cooking.(随着电视上出现越来 应和我们一成不变的大脑”;D项“诱人的食物和我们为 越多男性厨师,男孩子喜欢烹任不再是一件“不酷”的事 保持健康所做的努力”。 了。)”可知,接下来,文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨 3.B 推断。根据最后一段中的“Therefore...we also need 师,从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。 to be more thoughtful about our information Passage3 consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental 'junk 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了四位从 food' in order to manage our time most effectively"可知. 医人员的生平与事迹。 作者建议我们要谨慎地对待信息消费,抵制那些对我们 1.C 细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Borntoa 的精神健康有害的信息诱惑,以达到高效管理时间的目 Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she 的。因此可推断出,作者建议读者要做有选择的信息消 worked as a physician and performed surgery.(她出 生千 费者,故选B项。A项“欣然接受新信息”;C项“使用多 佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭,搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手 样化的信息源”;D项“保护信息环境”。 术。)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 4.D 理解文章主旨要义,本文围绕棉花糖实验展开,从最 1813(她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barryretired in 初针对幼儿园孩子的测试引入,说明棉花糖对孩子的影 1859. having practiced her entire medical profession 响,再类比到成人身上,阐迷了在充斥着各类信息的信息 living and working as a man.(Barry 于1859年退休,她以 大环境下,我们成年人也应该要学会抵刻不良信息带来 男人的身份生活和工作,从事了整个医学职业。)”可知, 的诱惑,做一个有选择的信息消费者,因此文章重点介绍 lacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。 了成人面临的“棉花糖实验”,故选D项。 故选C。 Passage 2 2.A 推理判断题。通读全文,再根据文章第三部分中的 【语篇解读】 本篇是一篇说明文,介绍英国人在英国亮任 “Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor. 节目的影响下改变对变任的看法,并尝试新的亮任习惯。 describing her life as a physician.(Tan写了一本书《女医 1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes intoyour 生的故事》,描述了她作为一名医生的生活。)”可推知, mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故 chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But 选A。 is British food really so uninteresting?(当你想到英国食 3.D 细节理解题。通过文章最后一部分中的“Fouryears 物时,你会想到什么?你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条,或是一 later. she was the first African American woman to 肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是,英国食物真的如此无趣吗?)” receiveamedicaldegree.(四年后,她成为第一位获得医 可知,提及英国食物,大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日 学学位的非裔美国女性。)”可知,RebeccaLeeCrumpler 烤肉,所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇,故选 是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D. A项。 Passage 4 2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“It'sthankstotheseTV 【语篇解读】 1 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与自我。 chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons 文章讲述了Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来,她一直是 are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made 一名自已单干的宠物运输专家。 meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking 1.D 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么 habits.(正是由于电视上的这些大厨,而不是凭借广告宣 Merebeth换了她的工作? 115 五年高考真题分类·英语 A.她想在她家附近工作,B.她厌倦了在办公室里工作。 根据第二段中最后一句话“That movie led him into the C.她姐姐让她搬去丹佛。D.她以前的雇主破产了。 second half of his career where his comedic presence alone 根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate firm could make a movie a financial success even when movie where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. reviewers would not rate ithighly.”可知喜副电影 The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. Airplane!使他进入了职业生涯的后半阶段,在他后半阶 (她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理,经济 段的职业生涯中,仅他自己的喜剧表演就可以使一部电 低迷打击了这家公司。公司破产了,她只好另寻新工 影获得财务上的成功。 作。)”可知,Merebeth之所以换工作,是因为她以前的雇 在审题中注意题千中的“in the second half of his career” 主破产了。故选D。 确定了职业时间点,能迅速找出要点位置所在。make... 2.D 本题为词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第二段中的单词 a success使......成功。 “wanderlust”是指一个 的渴望。 3.D 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:尼尔森职业生涯 A.赚钱;B.尝试各种各样的工作;C.亲近自然;D.去不同 的故事告诉我们什么? 的地方旅游。 A.艺术漫长,生命短暂;B.谁笑到最后谁笑得最久;C.活 根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US 到老学到老;D.有志者事竞成。 except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says 根据第一段中“Even though he often felt he would be proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply discovered to be a nortalent, he moved forward",第三段 find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all 最后一句“He never stopped working,never retired.”以 weathers.(她自豪地说,除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒 及最后一段中"He built a hugely successful career with 冈州,她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地 little more than plain old hard work and determination. 方,她只需要在那里找到一只有交通需要的宠物。她风 He showed us that even a single desire, never given up 雨无阻地旅行。)”可知,画线词的意思是“渴望去不同的 on, can make for a remarkable life.”可知由于他的努力 地方旅行”。故选D。 和为目标持之以恒奋斗的精神,他取得了巨大的成功,D 3.C 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:关于Merebeth 选项“有志者,事竟成”与之匹配。 的新工作,我们能了解到什么? 记叙文中一般会一条主线贯穿始终,此篇文章的主线就 A.她有机会看到稀有动物。B.她一整年都努力工作。 是不懈努力,实现梦想。文中莱斯利·尼尔森从小就有 C.她一直都靠自己。D.她挣的是基本的免税的工资。 做演员的梦想,并且一直在为之奋斗,即使成名之后也不 根据最后一段中"When I'm on the road I'm just in my 懈努力。这条主线在文章的每一段中都得到了体现。 own world. I've always been independent- spirited and 1 Passage 2 just feel strongly that I must help animals.(当我在路上 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文介绍了Jennifer 的时候,我只是在自己的世界里。我一直很独立,我强烈 Mauer在各种不利因素下,不管身处哪一年龄阶段都坚持 地觉得我必须帮助动物。)”可知,Merebeth在她的新工 学习,最终拿到学位的事迹,她给她的家人尤其是她的孩子 作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。 树立了榜样。她的经历告诉我们,一个人的努力付出是会 题组二 有回报的。 Passage 1 1.C 细节理解题,根据第二段第三句中的“lennifer 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语 attended a local technical college, working to pay her 境内容是丰富自我,完善自我,树立正确的人生态度,文章 tuition(学费)... a college education.”可知.Jennifer在 介绍了菜斯利·尼尔森的演艺生涯,他追逐梦想,不懈努 高中毕业之后上了一所工学院,上学期间的学费是自己 力,一生取得了卓越的成就。 打工挣来的,因为家里没有余钱供她上学。 1.C 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:为什么尼尔森想 2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Jennifernowis 成为一个演员? marricd and... because she was able to pursue her four A.他喜欢看电影;B.他渴望挣钱;C.他想像他的叔叔一 year degree close to home... help with her kids."可知. 样;D.他觉得他擅长表演。 lennifer在婚后要照顾三个孩子,但是又想在学业上深 根据第一段第一,二句“...he had one particular shining 造,为了兼顾两者,她选择了离家较近的“UW-Eau star in his life-his uncle, who was a well-known actor. Claire”项目,以便在学习的同时照顾到孩子,所以选择 The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired A项。 Nielsen to make a career in acting.”可知他叔叔是个非常 3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的”...givingup 有名的演员,别人对叔叔的钦佩和尊敬激励他走上演艺 many nights with her kids and ... between my kids and 道路。 studying for exams or papers...”可知,Jennifer 为了达 inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事。 成目标牺牲了很多,主要体现在为了学习在很多个晚上 2.D 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:我们对尼尔森的 没有办法照看和陪伴孩子,所以选择B项。 职业生涯的后半阶段了解多少? 4.C 推理判断题。文章介绍了Jennifer在家境困难的情 A.他导演了一些高质量电影;B.他避免接受新的挑战; 况下依靠自己完成了学业,在婚后既要照顾家庭还想深 C.他专注于扮演戏剧角色;D.他成了一名成功的喜剧 造的情况下努力付出,最终实现了目标,她的经历表明一 演员。 个人的努力付出是会有回报的,所以选择C项。 116 参考答案 Passage 3 3. B 理解具体信息。根据AGE,SKIILLS,WHATTO 【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语 BRING 部分 中的“We'll be working rain or shine... 境内容是认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。在音乐家演奏时 Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if 为他们翻乐谐的人虽然在舞台上不引人注意,但需要很多 necessary”可知,无论天气好坏,志愿者都会工作,由此 技巧和大量的训练。 可见,志愿者甚至会在恶劣天气下工作,故选B。 1.A 本题为细节理解题。本题题干意为:为了成为一个翻 Passage 2 乐谱的人,Titterton应该能做什么? 语篇类型:记叙文 主题语境:人与社会--社会服务- A.识乐谱;B.弹钢琴;C.唱歌;D.修理乐器。 阅读亭项目 根据第一段中“but I've learnt to readmusic”(但是我已经 文章大意:本文主要讲述了旧金山湾区捷运系统的首席通 学会了识谱)可知一个翻乐谱的人应该学会识谱,故答案 讯官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭 为A项。 项目,以便改善乘客的体验。 1.C 推断。题干中的kiosk在第二段“there'sakiosk(小 2.C 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:下面哪个选项最 亭)forthat”中首次出现,句中的that指代文章第一段中 能描述Titterton在舞台上的工作? 的"but many of us still like to go old school and read A.无聊的;B.薪水高的;C.要求高的;D.危险的。 somethingprinted”,即很多人仍然喜欢选择传统方式,读 根据第三段中“A lot of skills are needed for the job.”(这 一些印刷的东西。所以为了满足乘客需求,BART启动 份工作需要大量的技巧)以及下文中的关键信息“have 了阅读亭项目,故答案为C。 to”和“make sure”可综合推断Titterton在舞台上的工作 2.B 理解具体信息。根据文章第三段中的”ittellsyou can 要求很高,故选C项。 get a one-minute,a three-minute or a five-minute story" 3.B 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:Tit1erton需要练 和“You choose which length you want”可知,你可以根据 习什么? 自己想要的长度选择1分钟、3分钟或者5分钟阅读时长 A.数页码;B.识别”点头”;C.抓住正在下落的物体;D.按 的故事,即阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的,故答案为B. 照他自己的风格表演。 3.A 理解具体信息。根据文章第五段中的“wedoacallto 根据"... and each pianist has their own style of artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest"和 'nodding'to indicate a page turn”(每个钢琴家都有自己 “as of right now, we've received about 12o submissions" 的“点头”风格来示意翻页)可推断Titierton需要识别钢 可知,特罗斯特号召艺术家们提交故事参加比赛,并且目 琴家发出的“点头”信号,才能准确地翻页,故答案为 前为止收到了大约120份参赛作品,所以她是在组织故 B项。 事比赛,故答案为A. 4.D 本题为推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么Ms 4.D 理解观点、态度。根据第七段内容“Trostthinksso” Raspopova的丈夫是“最糟糕的翻乐谱的人”? 和第八段中的“So I absolutely think we will get more A.他的视力很差;B.他忽略观众;C.他对音乐没兴趣; riders just because of short stories”可知,特罗斯特完全相 信他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客,故答案为D. D.他忘记去做他的工作。 Passage 3 根据最后一段中(他对音乐很感兴趣,能感受到每一个音 语篇类型:书评 主题语境:人与社会--图书推荐--A1 符,我不得不提醒他:“翻页,翻页!”)可推断他由于专注 by Design 于音乐,忘了翻页,故答案为D项。 文章大意:本文主要介绍了英国人工智能专家卡特里奥 主题语境二 人与社会 娜·坎贝尔2o22年度畅销书A1 by Design;APlan for 社会服务与人际沟诵 Liuing with Artificial Intelligence,书中探讨了当前人工 题组一 智能的发展趋势和即将到来的人工智能革命,呼吁技术公 Passage 1 司和世界领袖应与人工智能专家们达成共识,推手共进,共 语篇类型:应用文 主题语境:人与社会-一公益事业与志 同面对。 1.C 愿服务--生物栖息地修复工作队志愿者招苏 理解词汇。根据画线词后面的“but,thankfully, 1.C 理解具体信息。根据第一段中的“Helprestoreand Campbell has more than two decades' professional protect Marin's natural areas"和"Habitat Restoration experience translating the heady into the understandable" Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive 可知,坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验,她能将令人头晕的 东西转化为容易理解的东西。由此可见,画线的“Inthe resources and protecting endangered species”可知,生 物 wronghands”指的应该是如果换一个能力不如坎贝尔的 栖息地修复工作队恢复和保护自然区域,在恢复敏感资 人来写这本书,故C项正确。competent“足以胜任的,有 源和保护激危物种方面起到极其重要的作用。由此可 能力的,称职的”。A项“如果被受教育程度低的人阅 见,生物栖息地修复工作队的目标是保护当地的生态系 读”;B项“如果被怀有恶意的人评论”;C项“如果被不那 统,故选C。 么称职的人来写”;D项“如果被不适合做学术的人来翻 2. B 理解具体信息。根据AGE,SKILLS.WHATTO 译”。 BRING 部分中 的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are 2. B 推断。根据第二段中的“She writes from the practical welcome”可知,加入生物栖息地修复工作队的最低年龄 angle of a business person... a guide which is highly 是10岁,故选B。 accessible and informative”可知,她从一个商人的实际角 117