精品解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学、大庆铁人中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题(含听力）

哈师大附中2023-2024学年度高二下学期联合期末考试 大庆铁人中学英语试卷 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the man pick up the woman? A. At 7:15. B. At 6:30. C. At 6:00. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi, Susan. The plane is going to take off at 9:00, so you don’t need to check in until 7:15. I’ll pick you up at 6:30 instead of 6:00. Is that OK? W: OK, that will give me more time to pack anyway. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why didn’t the man answer the phone? A. His phone was taken by his teacher. B. He left his phone at home. C. He was having lunch. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: Why didn’t you answer my phone? M: Sorry, I couldn’t. I was secretly looking at my phone in chemistry class, and Mrs. Clements saw me, and took it. W: Are you going home for lunch? M: Yes, because I’ve left my math books in my brother’s backpack. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man mean? A. He didn’t show his paintings at the exhibition. B. He didn’t understand the paintings. C. He didn’t see the paintings. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: What did you think of the painting exhibition last week? M: I never made it to the exhibition 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When does the last train leave? A. At 8:30. B. At 9:00. C. At 9:30. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Is this the last train to Osaka? It’s only 8:30 pm. M: No, there are two more after this. They leave every thirty minutes. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where are the speakers? A. In a store. B. In a bank. C. In a restaurant. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: It’s only twenty dollars. W: I know, but unless you have an account with us, we can’t cash your cheque. There’s a branch of your bank across the street. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What could the man most probably be? A. A computer technician. B. An assistant principal. C. A shop assistant. 7. What is the woman’s problem? A. It is difficult for her to fix a cup holder. B. One part of her computer is broken. C. She cannot afford a computer. 【答案】6. A 7. B 【解析】 【原文】W: Hello, is it Technique Support Department? M: Yes, here it is. What can I do for you? W: Well, I bought a computer 3 days ago, and now I find its cup holder is broken. How could I come to your place and get it fixed? M: I’m sorry. Did you say the cup holder? W: Yes, it’s fixed to the side of the computer. M: Oh, I see. It’s the CD-ROM drive. It is not for holding cups. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the woman going to do? A. Meet a professor. B. See a doctor. C. Have a class. 9. What does the man tell the woman? A. What Dr. Matson looks like. B. When the meeting starts. C. Where the chemistry building is. 【答案】8. A 9. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Mr. Parker, I have a problem. M: What is it, June? W: I have a meeting with Dr. Matson, a chemistry professor. I’m to meet him outside the chemistry building. I’ve never met him and I don’t know what he looks like. M: You won’t have any trouble recognizing him. W: Why? M: First, he’s very tall and thin, with long black hair. He also has a reddish beard. W: I’m sure I can find him. Thank you. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. What is the woman doing? A. Asking for directions. B. Giving an interview. C. Serving a customer. 11. What does Bill Harrington do? A. He’s a student. B. He’s a photographer. C. He’s a bus driver. 12. What are the speakers going to do? A. Buy a dishwasher. B. Visit a local park. C. Look at some flats. 【答案】10. C 11. A 12. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Hi, my name is Anne Smith. M: Hi, I’m Bill Harrington. W: Mr. Harrington, I need to ask you a few questions before I show you what we have. First, what price can you accept? M: Somewhere between 800 and 900 rent a month? W: OK, did you have a particular place in mind? M: Well, I would like to live somewhere near the university or at least on the bus line. I have a class to attend early in the morning. W: OK. Are there any other things you would like to have? For example, a dishwasher, a swimming pool or an air conditioner? M: I would certainly like to have a dishwasher and something more like this air conditioning would be necessary. Oh, yes, and two bedrooms will be nice. W: OK. Here are photos of the flats that meet your requirements. M: Thank you. This one past the street looks nice. I would like to see it and the one on Main Street. W: Sure, let me get the keys and we can go right away. M: Great. Thank you. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. What is the man? A. A travel agent. B. A hotel clerk. C. An airport check-in agent. 14. How will the woman get to Maui? A. By bus. B. By air. C. By ship. 15. What will the woman’s husband probably do in Maui? A. Go on a voyage. B. Play golf. C. Go camping. 16 When will the woman be back? A. On Tuesday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday. 【答案】13. A 14. B 15. B 16. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Guess what? My husband and I have decided to go to Hawaii. Can we go over the travel plan? M: Certainly. Let me pull it up on the computer. I have it right here. You’ll leave JFK at 10:00 a.m. Saturday and arrive at Los Angeles at 2:00 p.m. Your flight for Honolulu takes off at 3:00 p.m. W: How many days will we be in Honolulu? M: Two. You’ll be staying at the Waikiki Beach Inn. W: And is transportation to Maui provided? M: Of course. You’ll board an Aloha flight in Honolulu on Tuesday. The flight information will be shown on your tickets. You’ll be in Maui for five days. Also, you can play golf there. Are you interested? W: I’m sure my husband is, but I’m hoping we can get away together. How many days will our kids be in Camp Kapulua? M: Three days. The guides will take them to the west side of the island. W: Oh, I’m sure they will have a good voyage. M: For your return, you’ll come back on Sunday with a connecting flight to JFK at 4:00 p.m. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. How do people feel about Steve’s job? A. Doubtful. B. Interested. C. Excited. 18. What does Steve do to make his colleagues happy? A. He allows them to play with his machines. B. He offers them a private space. C. He gives them some chocolate. 19. Why does Steve travel abroad sometimes? A. To learn from other factories. B. To buy raw materials. C. To take trips with his family. 20. What does Steve spend his days doing at work? A. Selling chocolate. B. Making chocolate. C. Eating chocolate. 【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Hey, everyone. My name is Steve. Whenever I tell people what I do for a living, they can hardly believe this job exists. But I’m not joking! I spend my days at work eating chocolate! Tasting the chocolate is an important part of making sure that customers get perfect bars of high-quality chocolate from the company I work for. Every week I receive chocolate from our factory and I have to check them for taste and smell. Just beside my company office I have a kitchen where I can test and taste the products, and I keep my colleagues happy by giving them some! My kitchen is full of machines to play with. It’s wonderful to have a private space I can go to during the day. No two days are the same in this job. Sometimes I am at our food lab and other times I’m out of the country buying our raw materials and as I’ve got a young family that can be difficult. But that kind of variety, and lack of routine, is something I love about the job, although I think it still comes second to the chocolate itself! The question I get asked most is whether I get bored of chocolate. I’ve worked with it for a long time, and I’ve never felt I didn’t want to eat it. In fact, I’ll often go home and eat some more in the evening. 第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A We have developed an amazing new tool for anyone trying to learn English as their second language — LBEL. It is committed to helping increase your English listening skills, thus helping you master the English language in a systematic manner. LBEL comes pre-packed with over 1,500 different topics that you can listen to and practice along with at your own pace. With a wide variety of articles covering massive scenarios (情景) about almost all the aspects of the daily lives, English listening practice has never been easier. But you will soon find the results of English listening practice effectively affect your English listening and even speaking skills. All the articles that come with the app are categorized. It means that you can practice along with at your own level and pace. You can easily start your listening English practice from the level you’re comfortable in, or work your way straight through the more advanced level articles and conversations. LBEL also comes with a built-in translator, which helps you understand the lessons more easily and with more clarity. Simply select your language of preference, and all the articles will also be shown in that language to help you better understand what the sentences mean, effectively increasing your English listening and conversation skills. LBEL is the ultimate tool for anyone looking for help in increasing their English listening skills. Simply download the app on your device right away, and start increasing your listening skills from anywhere, anytime you want. 21. Who is the app mainly intended for? A. Those who are weak in listening skills. B. Those who are skilled in writing articles. C. Those who are seeking fun ways to learn. D. Those who are expecting to be a translator. 22. How does the app sort its articles? A. By different topics. B. By difficulty levels. C. By the length of the articles. D. By the speakers’ speaking speed. 23. What is the text? A. A news report. B. An app review. C. A contest entry. D. An advertisement. 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了LBEL这一应用软件的功能和作用。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It is committed to helping increase your English listening skills, thus helping you master the English language in a systematic manner.(它致力于帮助提高你的英语听力能力，从而帮助你系统地掌握英语语言)”可知，这个应用软件是为那些听力能力薄弱的人准备的。故选A。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“All the articles that come with the app are categorized. It means that you can practice along with at your own level and pace.(该应用程序附带的所有文章都进行了分类。这意味着你可以在你自己的水平和节奏上一起练习)”可知，此款软件可以让你按照自己的水平进行练习，所以是通过难度级别划分文章的，故选B。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Simply download the app on your device right away, and start increasing your listening skills from anywhere, anytime you want.(只需立即在你的设备上下载该应用程序，并开始在你想要的任何地方提高你的听力技能)”可知，这是一个应用程序的广告。故选D。 B When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice. I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over. When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes. By the time we reached the lift we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared. This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, which leads to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube. 24. How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author? A. She lived with a sense of guilt. B. She realized the importance of first aid. C. She developed a fear of witnessing similar events. D. She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect. 25. What did the author do to help the woman on the tube? A. She relieved the woman’s coughing. B. She walked the woman up to the lift. C. She learned Heimlich from her. D. She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back. 26. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect? A. You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag. B. You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman. C. You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road. D. You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. A good turn deserves another. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. Action speaks louder than inaction. 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在地铁上帮助了一个窒息的女子及引发的感想。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again.(我九岁的时候，我最好的朋友差点被一种叫gobstopper的硬糖噎死。几次尝试后，她把糖果咳了出来。从那以后，我再也没有吃过gobstopper，我一直害怕再次看到那一幕)”可知，作者在目睹朋友的窒息事件后开始害怕看到类似的事件。故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose.(我开始打她的背，大声呼救。尽管已经看了一些视频，我还是很害怕自己不能正确地执行急救方法海姆立克急救法，而且我将不得不带着对她死亡的愧疚离开。但地铁站里只有我们两个人；如果我不帮忙，没人会帮忙。谢天谢地，就像我的朋友一样，在几下猛烈的击打后，卡在她喉咙里的东西松了)”可知，作者击打妇女的背进行急救。故选D。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, which leads to inaction.(这段经历还让我了解了旁观者效应，即人们认为其他人在紧急情况下是可以帮助的，这导致了不作为)”可知，旁观者效应是指在紧急情况下，以为别人会帮助，所以自己不作为，C选项“当你在路上看到一位受伤的女士时，你避免卷入其中”可以描述为旁观者效应。故选C。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved.(然而，有时候，不管谁可能在附近，参与进来可能是有用的)”及全文作者讲述在地铁上帮助了一个窒息女人的行为可知，作者认为行动起来会是有用的，胜于不行动。故选D。 C Advances in AI and machine learning have sparked interest from governments that would like to use these tools for patrolling (巡查) purposefully beforehand to prevent crime. However, early efforts at crime prediction have been controversial, because they do not allow for systematic biases (偏差) in police enforcement (实施) and its complex relationship with crime and society. University of Chicago (UC) data and social scientists have developed a new algorithm (算法) that forecasts crime by learning patterns in time and geographic locations from public data on violent and property crimes. It has demonstrated success at predicting future crimes one week in advance with approximately 90% accuracy. The new tool was tested and validated using historical data from the City of Chicago around two broad categories of reported events: violent crimes and property crimes. The new model isolates crime by looking at the time and spatial coordinates (坐标) of separate events and detecting patterns to predict future events. It divides the city into spatial sections roughly 1,000 feet across and predicts crime within these areas instead of relying on traditional neighborhood or political boundaries, which are also subject to bias. The model performed just as well with data from seven other US cities. Ishanu Chattopadhyay, senior author of the study, is careful to note that the tool’s accuracy does not mean that it should be used to direct law enforcement, with police departments using it to flock to neighborhoods ahead of time to stop crime. Instead, it should be added to a toolbox of urban policies and policing strategies to address crime. “We created a digital twin of urban environments. If you feed it data from what happened in the past, it will tell you what’s going to happen in future. It’s not magical; there are limitations, but we tested it and it works well,” Chattopadhyay said. “Now you can use this as a model tool to see what happens if crime goes up in one area, or there is increased enforcement in another area. If you apply all these different data, you can see how the system evolves in response.” 28. What information would data and social scientists in UC collect? A. Periods of traffic jams. B. Items of lost and found. C. Thefts and robberies on the street. D. Deaths in traffic accidents. 29. What does the underlined word “validated” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Confirmed. B. Promoted. C. Classified. D. Abandoned. 30. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of this new tool. B. The principles and good performances of this new tool. C. Positive feedback from some other experts in this field. D. The hard process of Chattopadhyay’s developing this tool. 31. What can we know from Chattopadhyay’s opinion on the tool’s use? A. He does not think it’s accurate enough to put into use. B. The limitations are to be removed for a better performance. C. The police department can wholly rely on it to prevent criminals. D. It can be of help when the authority make policies concerning crimes. 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，芝加哥大学（UC）的数据和社会科学家开发了一种新的人工智能算法，通过从暴力和财产犯罪的公共数据中学习时间和地理位置的模式来预测犯罪，该工具对于制定有关的犯罪政策有所帮助。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“University of Chicago (UC) data and social scientists have developed a new algorithm (算法) that forecasts crime by learning patterns in time and geographic locations from public data on violent and property crimes.(芝加哥大学（UC）的数据和社会科学家开发了一种新的算法，通过从暴力和财产犯罪的公共数据中学习时间和地理位置的模式来预测犯罪)”可知，加州大学的数据和社会科学家会收集犯罪信息，如，街上的盗窃和抢劫的信息。故选C。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“The new tool was tested(新工具进行了测试)”及后文“using historical data from the City of Chicago around two broad categories of reported events: violent crimes and property crimes.(使用了来自芝加哥市的历史数据，主要涉及两大类报告事件：暴力犯罪和财产犯罪)”可知，经过测试后，证实该工具使用了历史数据，划线词与confirm“证实”意思相近。故选A。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“The new model isolates crime by looking at the time and spatial coordinates (坐标) of separate events and detecting patterns to predict future events. It divides the city into spatial sections roughly 1,000 feet across and predicts crime within these areas instead of relying on traditional neighborhood or political boundaries, which are also subject to bias. The model performed just as well with data from seven other US cities.(新模型通过观察不同事件的时间和空间坐标来分离犯罪，并通过检测模式来预测未来的事件。它将城市划分成大约1000英尺宽的空间区域，并预测这些区域内的犯罪，而不是依靠传统的社区或政治边界，这些也会受到偏见的影响。该模型对其他7个美国城市的数据也表现得很好)”可知，本段介绍了这种新工具的原理和良好的性能。故选B。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now you can use this as a model tool to see what happens if crime goes up in one area, or there is increased enforcement in another area. If you apply all these different data, you can see how the system evolves in response.(现在你可以把它作为一个模型工具，看看如果一个地区的犯罪率上升，或者另一个地区的执法增加会发生什么。如果您应用所有这些不同的数据，您可以看到系统是如何响应的)”可知，Chattopadhyay认为，当局制定有关犯罪的政策时，该工具会有帮助。故选D。 D One day, a snowstorm blanketed Washington, D. C., the whole city became a white world. When I awoke, I immediately put on my warmest clothes and dashed outside. I wanted to build a snowman. Then I noticed I had audience — a couple with coffee cups in their hands. My face flushed (脸红) with shame as I tried to come up with an answer to their unspoken question: Don’t you have anything better to do? A middle-aged woman playing by herself in the snow is an undoubtedly odd sight, but maybe it shouldn’t be. Modern adults are suffering from excessive physical and emotional stress. We’ve held back our natural play instinct (本能), and that’s causing all kinds of problems — for ourselves, our children, and our planet. Playing suggests that somewhere, deep in our evolutionary history, a playful proto human came up with the concept of stone tools. Even today, the urge to play underlies most of humanity’s greatest inventions, artworks, and scientific breakthroughs. “When I interviewed Nobel Prize winners, I was struck by how most of them didn’t separate work and play. Their labs were their playgrounds,” says Stuart Brown, a play researcher. While object play occasionally results in direct applications, it has a more general benefit as well, says animal behaviorist Marc Bekoff. “Most forms of play are about preparing for the unexpected by expanding your behavioral repertoire (技能).” When animals play by themselves — such as goats jumping around and intentionally landing awkwardly — they learn two lessons: How to recover from missteps and, more generally, how to remain calm when things go sideways. When it comes to humans, as we fully transition to a knowledge-based economy, work and play are beginning to combine again. Some of today’s most successful companies were started by people running small business in their garages. Organizations like these understand the value of encouraging adults to play. In many cases, people aren’t needed for routine, boring tasks any more. “You need passionate people who can invent new things, who can think of new ways of doing things,” Brown says. The next time I’m caught playing, I know exactly what I’ll say: “I am not wasting time or acting immature. I’m playing for the benefit of all humanity. You’re welcome.” 32. Why does the author mention his own experience in the beginning? A. To present a fact. B. To describe a scene. C. To clarify a concept. D. To introduce a topic. 33. What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A. Modern adults are free to act on their instincts. B. Play is the driving power behind human progress. C. Humans make scientific breakthroughs by playing. D. Nobel Prize winners often separate work from play. 34. What qualities do companies most need in the knowledge-based economy era? A. Teamwork and honesty. B. Leadership and empathy. C. Innovation and enthusiasm. D. Patience and determination. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Adults should prioritize playtime B. Adults need to make time for play C. Play can expand and correct behavior D. Play is the source of human inventions 【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过自己亲身经历引出主题，主要讲述了成年人需要更多的玩耍时间，因为玩耍可以帮助我们减轻压力，提高创新能力，对人类的进步有着重要的推动作用。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I awoke, I immediately put on my warmest clothes and dashed outside. I wanted to build a snowman. Then I noticed I had audience — a couple with coffee cups in their hands. My face flushed (脸红) with shame as I tried to come up with an answer to their unspoken question: Don’t you have anything better to do?(当我醒来时，我立即穿上最暖和的衣服，冲到外面。我想堆雪人。然后我注意到我有听众——一对手里拿着咖啡杯的夫妇。我的脸羞得通红，因为我试图想出一个答案来回答他们不言而喻的问题:你没有更好的事情要做吗?)”以及第二段中“A middle-aged woman playing by herself in the snow is an undoubtedly odd sight, but maybe it shouldn’t be. Modern adults are suffering from excessive physical and emotional stress. We’ve held back our natural play instinct (本能), and that’s causing all kinds of problems—for ourselves, our children, and our planet.( 一个中年妇女独自在雪地里玩耍无疑是一个奇怪的景象，但也许这不应该。现代成年人正遭受着过度的身体和情感压力。我们抑制了我们天生的游戏本能，这给我们自己、我们的孩子和我们的星球带来了各种各样的问题。) ”可知，作者个人的经历是为了引出文章的主题，即成年人也需要玩耍。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Playing suggests that somewhere, deep in our evolutionary history, a playful proto human came up with the concept of stone tools. Even today, the urge to play underlies most of humanity’s greatest inventions, artworks, and scientific breakthroughs. ( 玩耍表明，在我们进化史的深处，一个顽皮的原人类提出了石器的概念。即使在今天，人类大多数最伟大的发明、艺术品和科学突破都是基于对游戏的渴望。)可知，玩耍是推动人类进步的驱动力。故选B项。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“When it comes to humans, as we fully transition to a knowledge-based economy, work and play are beginning to combine again.(就人类而言，随着我们全面过渡到以知识为基础的经济，工作和娱乐开始再次结合起来。)”以及“Organizations like these understand the value of encouraging adults to play. In many cases, people aren’t needed for routine, boring tasks any more. “You need passionate people who can invent new things, who can think of new ways of doing things,” Brown says.(像这样的组织明白鼓励成年人玩游戏的价值。在许多情况下，人们不再需要做常规的、无聊的任务。‘你需要有激情的人，他们能够发明新事物，能够想出新的做事方式，’布朗说。) ”可知，在知识经济时代，企业需要热情和创新。故选C项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段“A middle-aged woman playing by herself in the snow is an undoubtedly odd sight, but maybe it shouldn’t be. Modern adults are suffering from excessive physical and emotional stress. We’ve held back our natural play instinct (本能), and that’s causing all kinds of problems — for ourselves, our children, and our planet.(一个中年妇女独自在雪地里玩耍无疑是一种奇怪的景象，但也许不应该这样。现代成年人承受着过度的身体和精神压力。我们抑制了玩耍的本能，这给我们自己、我们的孩子和我们的星球带来了各种各样的问题。)”以及最后一段“The next time I’m caught playing, I know exactly what I’ll say: “I am not wasting time or acting immature. I’m playing for the benefit of all humanity. You’re welcome.”(下次我被抓到玩耍时，我很清楚我会说什么：‘我不是在浪费时间，也不是在表现得不成熟。我玩耍是为了全人类的利益。不客气。’) ”可知，作者通过自己亲身经历引出主题，主要讲述了成年人需要更多的玩耍时间，因为玩耍可以帮助我们减轻压力，提高创新能力，对人类的进步有着重要的推动作用。B项“Adults need to make time for play(成年人需要腾出时间来玩耍)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How long does it take to become an elite (精英) in your field? ___36___ That’s what John Hayes, a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University, wanted to know. For decades, Hayes has been investigating the role of effort, practice and knowledge in top performers. ___37___ The research focused on people like Mozart and Picasso-to determine how long it took them to become world-class at their craft. Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world-class-performers. And more importantly, let’s discuss how you can use these insights to achieve your goals and become your best. ___38___ He analyzed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900. The central question that drove his work was, “How long after one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world-class?” Eventually, Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of “masterworks” in the field, which were created by a total of 76 composers. Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composers career. ___39___ What he discovered was that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after the tenth year of the composer’s career. Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade of practice first. Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular. ___40___ In follow-up studies, Hayes found similar patterns among famous painters and popular poets. These findings have been further confirmed by research from professors like K. Anders Ericsson, who produced research that revealed that you needed to put in “10, 000 hours” to become an elite or expert in your field. A. It takes time to achieve your goals. B. And what do people like doing in their spare time? C. He has studied the most talented creators in history. D. Hayes started his research by examining successful composers E. Professor Hayes began to refer to this period as the “ten years of silence”. F. And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us? G. And then he calculated how long they had been working before they created their popular works. 【答案】36. F 37. C 38. D 39. G 40. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了John Hayes教授对于成为顶级精英所需时间的研究。通过分析莫扎特、毕加索等大师的作品，Hayes发现几乎所有杰作都是在创作者生涯的第十年后诞生的，强调了“十年沉默期”的重要性 【36题详解】 上文“How long does it take to become an elite (精英) in your field?(成为你所在领域的精英需要多长时间？)”以及下文“That’s what John Hayes, a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University, wanted to know.(这正是卡内基梅隆大学认知心理学教授John Hayes想要知道的)”说明John Hayes想要知道需要多久能成为所在领域的精英。空处和前文并列提出关于精英的问题，并引出下文。F项“成功人士与我们其他人有什么不同之处？”符合语境。故选F。 【37题详解】 上文“For decades, Hayes has been investigating the role of effort, practice and knowledge in top performers.(几十年来，海斯一直在研究努力、实践和知识在优秀员工中的作用)”说明Hayes教授多年研究顶尖表现者所付出的努力、练习和知识的作用。空处顺接前文，继续说明他的研究特点或范围，并引出下文。C项中的He指代前文中的Hayes，“the most talented creators ”和下文中的“people like Mozart and Picasso”相呼应，所以C项“他研究了历史上最有才华的创作者。”符合语境。故选C。 【38题详解】 下文“He analyzed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900. The central question that drove his work was, “How long after one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world-class?”(他分析了1685年至1900年间创作的数千首乐曲。推动他工作的核心问题是，“一个人对音乐感兴趣多久后，他才能成为世界级的？”)”说明本段主要介绍了John Hayes研究了世界级表演者，以及如何利用这些见解实现目标。所以D项“海斯的研究始于考察成功的作曲家”符合语境，适合引出本段，该项中的“by examining successful composers”和下文中的“He analyzed thousands of musical pieces”相呼应。故选D。 【39题详解】 上文“Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composers career. (海斯为每一位作曲家的职业生涯绘制了时间表)”说明Hayes绘制了每位作曲家的职业生涯时间线。空处顺承上文，进一步描述他之后的分析步骤。G项中的they 指代前文中的“composers”，说明John Hayes计算了他们创作流行作品之前工作了多长时间。所以G项“然后他计算了他们创作流行作品之前工作了多长时间。”符合语境。故选G。 【40题详解】 上文“Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade of practice first. Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular.(没有一个人在不先投入十年实践的情况下创作出令人难以置信的作品。即使是像莫扎特这样的天才，也必须工作至少十年才能创作出受欢迎的作品)”说明几乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家职业生涯的第十年后产生的。空处对前面的现象进行总结性命名。E项中的“this period”指代前文中的“work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular”，所以E项“海斯教授开始将这段时期称为“沉默的十年”。”符合语境。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 “Why do you always apologize before you ask a question?” my colleague, Dan asked. I looked at him ___41___, not understanding what he meant but felt that there was more than a trace of ___42___ in his tone. “There’s no reason for it; you shouldn’t do that,” he said. “Sorry if it annoys you,” I responded. I probably annoyed him again by ___43___ again. This happened over 35 years ago, but I still ___44___ it now. Asking questions in conversation isn’t that ___45___, at least not to me. I figured out some ___46___. The first was self-consciousness and insecurity. Had I missed something the professor said? I knew some students, as a result of such ___47___, didn’t ask questions. I had enough confidence to ask, but not enough to not ___48___ the way of asking. I don’t think it occurred to me at the time, but it did years later, that it also probably related to being ___49___. I knew that a woman was always told there was a line of not ____50____ others too aggressively. Besides, I became conscious of not implying ____51____ — I didn’t want a professor to think I was questioning their expertise, or suggesting they were a ____52____ teacher. It seemed like a reasonable strategy to start by ____53____ that I was wrong or uninformed. Before Dan’s comment, I hadn’t thought about it ____54____, and much less considered that there could be a ____55____ while doing it. But I was learning that there was, and it could be unpleasant. Fortunately, I think I’ve done it less now. 41. A. blankly B. sadly C. hopefully D. impatiently 42. A. concern B. annoyance C. excitement D. relief 43. A. arguing B. resisting C. escaping D. apologizing 44. A. account for B. reflect on C. call for D. take up 45. A. simple B. surprising C. clear D. logical 46. A. choices B. decisions C. reasons D. actions 47. A. doubt B. loss C. achievement D. plan 48. A. strengthen B. soften C. change D. keep 49. A. weak B. positive C. female D. reasonable 50. A. impressing B. fighting C. chasing D. blaming 51. A. approval B. defence C. connection D. judgment 52. A. bad B. lazy C. responsible D. creative 53. A. refusing B. insisting C. denying D. acknowledging 54. A. crazily B. fast C. consciously D. bitterly 55. A. failure B. disadvantage C. virtue D. barrier 【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的同事Dan质疑为什么作者询问问题前要先道歉，作者分析了其中的原因，并意识到这样做的问题，从而更少这样做。 【41题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我茫然地看着他，不明白他的意思，但我觉得他的语气里有一丝恼火。A. blankly茫然地；B. sadly悲伤地；C. hopefully有希望地；D. impatiently不耐烦地。根据“not understanding what he meant”可知，作者被同事质疑后，不理解对方的质问，所以应该是茫然地看着对方。故选A项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我茫然地看着他，不明白他的意思，但我觉得他的语气里有一丝恼火。A. concern担忧；B. annoyance烦恼，气恼；C. excitement激动；D. relief放松，宽慰。根据下文“Sorry if it annoys you”可知，作者感受到Dan语气里的一丝恼火。故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可能又一次道歉惹恼了他。A. arguing争论；B. resisting抵制；C. escaping逃跑；D. apologizing道歉。根据前文““Sorry if it annoys you,” I responded.”可知，作者又道歉了。故选D项。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这件事发生在35年前，但我现在还在反思。A. account for解释，占比；B. reflect on反思；C. call for需求，需要；D. take up占据，从事。根据下文“The first was self-consciousness and insecurity.”及“that it also probably related to being ___9___.”可知，下文讲到了作者现在还会反思自己为什么会问问题前先道歉。故选B项。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在谈话中提问并不是那么简单，至少对我来说不是。A. simple简单的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. clear清楚的；D. logical合乎情理的，符合逻辑的。根据文章第一句“Why do you always apologize before you ask a question?”可知，作者总是在问问题前面道歉，因此推断出，作者是因为觉得谈话中提问并不那么简单。故选A项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一些原因。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. reasons原因；D. actions行动。根据“The first was self-consciousness and insecurity.”及下文阐述原因可知，作者搞清楚了几点原因。故选C项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认识一些学生，由于这样的怀疑，没有问问题。A. doubt怀疑；B. loss损失；C. achievement成就；D. plan计划。根据前文“Had I missed something the professor said?”可知，这是作者认识的一些学生的怀疑。故选A项。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有足够的底气去问，但没有足够的底气去委婉地问。A. strengthen加强；B. soften使变软，使柔和；C. change改变；D. keep保持。根据“I had enough confidence to ask, but not enough to not ___8___ the way of asking.”及前文讲到一些学生没有提问可知，作者能够有底气提问，但是没有底气自己可以温和地提问，这也是作者为什么先道歉的原因之一。故选B项。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想当时我没有意识到，但多年后我意识到，这可能也与我是女性有关。A. weak弱小的；B. positive积极的；C. female女性的；D. reasonable合理的。根据“I knew that a woman was always told there was a line of not”可知，作者多年后意识到，作者的道歉行为与自己的女性性别也有关系。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道女人总是被告知不要给别人留下太咄咄逼人的印象。A. impressing留下印象；B. fighting争斗；C. chasing追逐；D. blaming责怪。根据“that a woman was always told there was a line of not ___10___ others too aggressively.”可知，女人总是被告知不要给别人留下咄咄逼人的印象。故选A项。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，我意识到不要暗示自己的判断——我不想让教授认为我在质疑他们的专业知识，或者暗示他们是一个糟糕的老师。A. approval赞同；B. defence防御；C. connection连接，联系；D. judgment判断。根据“I didn’t want a professor to think I was questioning their expertise”可知，作者不想让被询问者感受到自己对于对方负面的判断。故选D项。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我意识到不要暗示自己的判断——我不想让教授认为我在质疑他们的专业知识，或者暗示他们是一个糟糕的老师。A. bad糟糕的，不好的；B. lazy懒惰的；C. responsible负责任的；D. creative有创造力的。根据“I didn’t want a professor to think I was questioning their expertise, or suggesting they were a ___12___ teacher.”可知，or并列两种情况，第一种表示作者质疑教授的专业知识，第二种表示作者的提问暗示对方是一位不好的老师。故选A项。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从承认自己的错误或无知开始，似乎是一个合理的策略。A. refusing拒绝；B. insisting坚持；C. denying否认；D. acknowledging承认。根据“It seemed like a reasonable strategy to start by”及“that I was wrong or uninformed”可知，作者为了避免对方对于自己的误解，所以先道歉，承认自己的错误或者无知。故选D项。 【54题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在Dan的评论之前，我并没有有意识地想过这一点，更没有考虑到这样做可能会有缺点。A. crazily疯狂地；B. fast块地；C. consciously有意识地；D. bitterly痛苦地。根据“and much less considered that there could be a ___15___ while doing it.”可知，在Dan评论自己的行为之前，作者对自己的道歉行为毫无意识。故选C项。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Dan的评论之前，我并没有有意识地想过这一点，更没有考虑到这样做可能会有缺点。A. failure失败；B. disadvantage劣势，缺点；C. virtue美德；D. barrier障碍。根据“But I was learning that there was, and it could be unpleasant.”可知，在Dan的评论之后，作者意识到这样做会让人不愉快，有劣势。故选B项。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Going to Zhangjiajie reminds people of the mountains in Avatar. For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie National Park is ____56____ must to visit. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage site, one that has seen tourism boom, ____57____ (provide) a lot of job opportunities for the locals and stimulating economic ____58____ (grow). Over the years, the rock caves and karst (喀斯特) formations ____59____ (lead) people to call it a “fairyland”. The park has thick forests, deep canyons, unusual peaks, caves, and pillar-like (像柱子似的) rock formations blanketed throughout the park. These pillar-like rock formations are ____60____ the park is famous for around the world. One of the fastest and most ____61____ (effort) ways to experience the area is by riding up the world’s tallest outdoor elevator. The 326-meter-tall glass Bailong Elevator ____62____ (build) onto the side of a cliff at the start of this century and offers amazing views of the park. Zhangjiajie National Park is also home ____63____ many endangered species of animals and plants, and the Chinese government has taken conservation efforts ____64____ (preserve) the landscape, which will ____65____ (undoubted) help balance the ecosystem better for more people to enjoy the out-of-this-world scenery. 【答案】56. a 57. providing 58. growth 59. have led 60. what 61. effortless 62. was built 63. to 64. to preserve 65. undoubtedly 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了张家界国家公园的不同寻常的风景。 【56题详解】 考查冠词。句意：对于热爱大自然的人来说，张家界国家公园是必游之地。must此处为名词，意思为：必须做的事情，此处为泛指，must以辅音音素开始发音，不定冠词用a。故填a。 57题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，它已被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，旅游业蓬勃发展，为当地人提供了大量就业机会，刺激了经济增长。空处作状语，表示自然而然的结果，与上文内容之间是主动关系，为主动含义，用现在分词。故填providing。 【58题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。空处作stimulating的宾语，用名词growth。故填growth。 【59题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：多年来，这里的岩洞和喀斯特地貌让人们将其称为“仙境”。根据Over the years可知，句子用现在完成时，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have led。 【60题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：这些柱状的岩层是这个公园闻名世界的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句中介词for后缺少宾语，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【61题详解】 考查形容词。句意：体验该地区最快捷、最省力的方式之一就是乘坐世界上最高的户外电梯。空处修饰名词ways，用形容词作定语，根据句意，此处表示“省力的”用effortless。故填effortless。 【62题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：这座326米高的玻璃白龙电梯建于本世纪初的悬崖边上，在这里可以看到公园里令人惊叹的景色。句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语Elevator与build构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填was built。 【63题详解】 考查介词。句意：张家界国家公园也是许多濒危动物和植物的家园，中国政府已经采取了保护措施来保护景观，这无疑有助于更好地平衡生态系统，让更多的人享受世界之外的风景。be home to意思为：是……的家园，为固定短语。故填to。 【64题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。take…efforts to do意思为：采取……措施来，空处表示目的，作目的状语用不定式结构。故填to preserve。 【65题详解】 考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰help，用副词作状语。故填undoubtedly。 第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，你校将邀请专家来校做职业生涯规划（career planning）的讲座。请写一则英语通知，内容包括： 1.时间和地点： 2.主要内容； 3.呼吁大家参加。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请在答题卡上作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Set Sail on Career Planning In order to prepare us students for a better career in the future, our school has invited experts to give a speech on career planning at the lecture hall on Sunday. The speech lasts from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm, when the lecturers will introduce to us various professions we may be engaged in later. Through analyzing the professional characteristics and outlook, they will bring home to us what the most important qualities and abilities are required by the job market. After the lecture, you are welcome to raise your questions and the experts will be pleased to answer them. You mustn’t miss the golden chance and make sure you attend it on time. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为你校将邀请专家来校做的职业生涯规划讲座写一则英语通知。 【详解】1.词汇积累 各种各样的：various→a variety of 从事于：be engaged in=go in for 有益的：helpful→beneficial 提出：raise→put forward 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In order to prepare us students for a better career in the future, our school has invited experts to give a speech on career planning at the lecture hall on Sunday. 拓展句：Our school has invited experts to give a speech on career planning at the lecture hall on Sunday so that we students can be prepared for a better career in the future. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The speech lasts from 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm, when the lecturers will introduce to us various professions we may be engaged in later. (运用了省略关系代词的定语从句) [高分句型2] Through analyzing the professional characteristics and outlook, they will bring home to us what the most important qualities and abilities are required by the job market. (运用了what引导的宾语从句) 第二节 （满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 She was the prettiest puppy we had ever seen, and the whole family immediately fell in love with her. We named her Onyx because of her black, shiny black coat. She spent her first vacation with us when she was only ten weeks old and had her first bath and swim in the St. Lawrence River. We had no clue that this amazing little ball of fur would end up being our hero. As she grew older, Onyx became more and more involved in our family activities. On hot summer days, Onyx enjoyed floating on the river with us in her own rubber tube (橡皮圈). Amazingly standing on the top of the tube, she smiled while showing off her perfect balance. Resting her front legs and paws over the edge of the rubber tube, she kept her eyes shut as she floated until she’d had enough of the warm sun on her black coat. One day, our eighteen-year-old daughter, Margie, announced she was going to swim across the bay. No one in the family was free to go swimming with her. The unwritten rules, regardless of swimming ability, was to have a companion in the water with you, especially when swimming the width of the bay. I was not a good swimmer, so I said to Margie, “Take Onyx with you.” Having heard her name, Onyx woke up from a nap and was ready for action. Margie signed the dog to follow her. Onyx ran to the water next to her. They entered the freezing river together and swam side by side across the bay. I watched from the bank as they reached the sandbar (沙洲) on the far shore. They rested a few minutes before diving into the water for the return trip. I felt uneasy for some reason and continued to watch the pair swim side by side. Suddenly I heard Margie calling out, “I have a cram (痉挛) in the leg! ” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Seeing the pair approaching the riverbank, I breathed a sigh of relief. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Suddenly I heard Margie calling out, “I have a cram ( 痉李 ) in the leg! ” Seized with panic, Margie rubbed her leg hard to relax the muscle but in vain. Seeing her struggling in the water, Onyx immediately swam to the side of Margie and then put her head beneath the girl’s right arm. I yelled for help for fear that they might freeze in the chilly river. But much to my joy, with Margie tightly grabbing Onyx’s collar, our little furry friend began digging deep, slicing through the water with her paws and swimming fast towards the bank with every ounce of strength. Seeing the pair approaching the riverbank, I breathed a sigh of relief. When they finally got to the shore, I reached out to help Margie, pulling her up onto the riverbank and wrapping her in a large towel. Exhausted but excited, Onyx eagerly ran to Margie and gently licked her face to make sure she was Okay, Everyone in the family was grateful for their safe return and Onyx was given an extra treat later in the afternoon for her quick and brave reaction. She became our hero that day and she never ceased to amaze us in the days that followed. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者养了一条狗，给它取名为Onyx，随着Onyx长大，它成为了家庭的一员，一天作者的女儿Margie打算游过海湾，但是没人陪她一起，于是作者让Onyx陪着女儿，当女儿从海湾对面游回来时，突然她脚抽筋了，幸好Onyx救了她，让作者对Onyx非常感激。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“突然，我听到Margie叫道：“我腿抽筋了！””可知，第一段可描写Margie遇险，Onyx救助Margie的场景。 ②由第二段首句内容“看到他们俩走近河岸，我松了一口气。”可知，第二段可描写Onyx成功救下Margie，作者对它的感激之情。 2. 续写线索：Onyx成为家庭一员——女儿打算游过海湾——Onyx陪她一起——腿抽筋遇险——Onyx及时救援——成功回到岸边——感激 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①看到：see/spot/notice ②大喊：yell/shout/bawl ③确保：make sure/ensure/guarantee 情绪类 ①兴奋的：excited/thrilled/enthusiastic ②感激的：grateful/appreciative/thankful 【点睛】[高分句型1]I yelled for help for fear that they might freeze in the chilly river.(运用了that引导的同位语从句) [高分句型2]When they finally got to the shore, I reached out to help Margie, pulling her up onto the riverbank and wrapping her in a large towel.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 哈师大附中2023-2024学年度高二下学期联合期末考试 大庆铁人中学英语试卷 满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the man pick up the woman? A. At 7:15. B. At 6:30. C. At 6:00. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why didn’t the man answer the phone? A. His phone was taken by his teacher. B. He left his phone at home. C. He was having lunch. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the man mean? A. He didn’t show his paintings at the exhibition. B. He didn’t understand the paintings. C. He didn’t see the paintings. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When does the last train leave? A. At 8:30. B. At 9:00. C. At 9:30. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where are the speakers? A. In a store. B. In a bank. C. In a restaurant. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What could the man most probably be? A. A computer technician. B. An assistant principal. C. A shop assistant. 7. What is the woman’s problem? A. It is difficult for her to fix a cup holder. B. One part of her computer is broken. C. She cannot afford a computer. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the woman going to do? A. Meet a professor. B. See a doctor. C. Have a class. 9. What does the man tell the woman? A. What Dr. Matson looks like. B. When the meeting starts. C. Where the chemistry building is. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10 What is the woman doing? A. Asking for directions. B. Giving an interview. C. Serving a customer. 11. What does Bill Harrington do? A. He’s a student. B. He’s a photographer. C. He’s a bus driver. 12. What are the speakers going to do? A. Buy a dishwasher. B. Visit a local park. C. Look at some flats. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. What is the man? A. A travel agent. B. A hotel clerk. C. An airport check-in agent. 14. How will the woman get to Maui? A. By bus. B. By air. C. By ship. 15. What will the woman’s husband probably do in Maui? A. Go on a voyage. B. Play golf. C. Go camping. 16. When will the woman be back? A. On Tuesday. B. On Saturday. C. On Sunday. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. How do people feel about Steve’s job? A. Doubtful. B. Interested. C. Excited. 18. What does Steve do to make his colleagues happy? A. He allows them to play with his machines. B. He offers them a private space. C. He gives them some chocolate. 19. Why does Steve travel abroad sometimes? A. To learn from other factories. B. To buy raw materials. C. To take trips with his family. 20. What does Steve spend his days doing at work? A. Selling chocolate. B. Making chocolate. C. Eating chocolate. 第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A We have developed an amazing new tool for anyone trying to learn English as their second language — LBEL. It is committed to helping increase your English listening skills, thus helping you master the English language in a systematic manner. LBEL comes pre-packed with over 1,500 different topics that you can listen to and practice along with at your own pace. With a wide variety of articles covering massive scenarios (情景) about almost all the aspects of the daily lives, English listening practice has never been easier. But you will soon find the results of English listening practice effectively affect your English listening and even speaking skills. All the articles that come with the app are categorized. It means that you can practice along with at your own level and pace. You can easily start your listening English practice from the level you’re comfortable in, or work your way straight through the more advanced level articles and conversations. LBEL also comes with a built-in translator, which helps you understand the lessons more easily and with more clarity. Simply select your language of preference, and all the articles will also be shown in that language to help you better understand what the sentences mean, effectively increasing your English listening and conversation skills. LBEL is the ultimate tool for anyone looking for help in increasing their English listening skills. Simply download the app on your device right away, and start increasing your listening skills from anywhere, anytime you want. 21. Who is the app mainly intended for? A. Those who are weak in listening skills. B. Those who are skilled in writing articles. C. Those who are seeking fun ways to learn. D. Those who are expecting to be a translator. 22. How does the app sort its articles? A. By different topics. B. By difficulty levels. C By the length of the articles. D. By the speakers’ speaking speed. 23. What is the text? A. A news report. B. An app review. C. A contest entry. D. An advertisement. B When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice. I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over. When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes. By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared. This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, which leads to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube. 24. How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author? A. She lived with a sense of guilt. B. She realized the importance of first aid. C. She developed a fear of witnessing similar events. D. She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect. 25. What did the author do to help the woman on the tube? A. She relieved the woman’s coughing. B. She walked the woman up to the lift. C. She learned Heimlich from her. D. She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back. 26. Which situation can be described as the bystander effect? A. You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag. B. You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman. C. You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road. D You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene. 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. A good turn deserves another. B. Every cloud has a silver lining. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. Action speaks louder than inaction. C Advances in AI and machine learning have sparked interest from governments that would like to use these tools for patrolling (巡查) purposefully beforehand to prevent crime. However, early efforts at crime prediction have been controversial, because they do not allow for systematic biases (偏差) in police enforcement (实施) and its complex relationship with crime and society. University of Chicago (UC) data and social scientists have developed a new algorithm (算法) that forecasts crime by learning patterns in time and geographic locations from public data on violent and property crimes. It has demonstrated success at predicting future crimes one week in advance with approximately 90% accuracy. The new tool was tested and validated using historical data from the City of Chicago around two broad categories of reported events: violent crimes and property crimes. The new model isolates crime by looking at the time and spatial coordinates (坐标) of separate events and detecting patterns to predict future events. It divides the city into spatial sections roughly 1,000 feet across and predicts crime within these areas instead of relying on traditional neighborhood or political boundaries, which are also subject to bias. The model performed just as well with data from seven other US cities. Ishanu Chattopadhyay, senior author of the study, is careful to note that the tool’s accuracy does not mean that it should be used to direct law enforcement, with police departments using it to flock to neighborhoods ahead of time to stop crime. Instead, it should be added to a toolbox of urban policies and policing strategies to address crime. “We created a digital twin of urban environments. If you feed it data from what happened in the past, it will tell you what’s going to happen in future. It’s not magical; there are limitations, but we tested it and it works well,” Chattopadhyay said. “Now you can use this as a model tool to see what happens if crime goes up in one area, or there is increased enforcement in another area. If you apply all these different data, you can see how the system evolves in response.” 28. What information would data and social scientists in UC collect? A. Periods of traffic jams. B. Items of lost and found. C. Thefts and robberies on the street. D. Deaths in traffic accidents. 29. What does the underlined word “validated” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Confirmed. B. Promoted. C. Classified. D. Abandoned. 30. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of this new tool. B. The principles and good performances of this new tool. C. Positive feedback from some other experts in this field. D. The hard process of Chattopadhyay’s developing this tool. 31. What can we know from Chattopadhyay’s opinion on the tool’s use? A. He does not think it’s accurate enough to put into use. B. The limitations are to be removed for a better performance. C. The police department can wholly rely on it to prevent criminals. D. It can be of help when the authority make policies concerning crimes. D One day, a snowstorm blanketed Washington, D. C., the whole city became a white world. When I awoke, I immediately put on my warmest clothes and dashed outside. I wanted to build a snowman. Then I noticed I had audience — a couple with coffee cups in their hands. My face flushed (脸红) with shame as I tried to come up with an answer to their unspoken question: Don’t you have anything better to do? A middle-aged woman playing by herself in the snow is an undoubtedly odd sight, but maybe it shouldn’t be. Modern adults are suffering from excessive physical and emotional stress. We’ve held back our natural play instinct (本能), and that’s causing all kinds of problems — for ourselves, our children, and our planet. Playing suggests that somewhere, deep in our evolutionary history, a playful proto human came up with the concept of stone tools. Even today, the urge to play underlies most of humanity’s greatest inventions, artworks, and scientific breakthroughs. “When I interviewed Nobel Prize winners, I was struck by how most of them didn’t separate work and play. Their labs were their playgrounds,” says Stuart Brown, a play researcher. While object play occasionally results in direct applications, it has a more general benefit as well, says animal behaviorist Marc Bekoff. “Most forms of play are about preparing for the unexpected by expanding your behavioral repertoire (技能).” When animals play by themselves — such as goats jumping around and intentionally landing awkwardly — they learn two lessons: How to recover from missteps and, more generally, how to remain calm when things go sideways. When it comes to humans, as we fully transition to a knowledge-based economy, work and play are beginning to combine again. Some of today’s most successful companies were started by people running small business in their garages. Organizations like these understand the value of encouraging adults to play. In many cases, people aren’t needed for routine, boring tasks any more. “You need passionate people who can invent new things, who can think of new ways of doing things,” Brown says. The next time I’m caught playing, I know exactly what I’ll say: “I am not wasting time or acting immature. I’m playing for the benefit of all humanity. You’re welcome.” 32. Why does the author mention his own experience in the beginning? A. To present a fact. B. To describe a scene. C. To clarify a concept. D. To introduce a topic. 33. What can be inferred from the third paragraph? A. Modern adults are free to act on their instincts. B. Play is the driving power behind human progress. C. Humans make scientific breakthroughs by playing. D. Nobel Prize winners often separate work from play. 34 What qualities do companies most need in the knowledge-based economy era? A. Teamwork and honesty. B. Leadership and empathy. C. Innovation and enthusiasm. D. Patience and determination. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Adults should prioritize playtime B. Adults need to make time for play C. Play can expand and correct behavior D. Play is the source of human inventions 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How long does it take to become an elite (精英) in your field? ___36___ That’s what John Hayes, a cognitive psychology professor at Carnegie Mellon University, wanted to know. For decades, Hayes has been investigating the role of effort, practice and knowledge in top performers. ___37___ The research focused on people like Mozart and Picasso-to determine how long it took them to become world-class at their craft. Let’s talk about what Hayes has discovered about world-class-performers. And more importantly, let’s discuss how you can use these insights to achieve your goals and become your best. ___38___ He analyzed thousands of musical pieces produced from 1685 to 1900. The central question that drove his work was, “How long after one becomes interested in music is it that one becomes world-class?” Eventually, Hayes developed a list of 500 pieces of “masterworks” in the field, which were created by a total of 76 composers. Hayes mapped out the timeline of each composers career. ___39___ What he discovered was that virtually every single “masterwork” was written after the tenth year of the composer’s career. Not a single person produced incredible work without putting in a decade of practice first. Even a genius like Mozart had to work for at least ten years before he produced something that became popular. ___40___ In follow-up studies, Hayes found similar patterns among famous painters and popular poets. These findings have been further confirmed by research from professors like K. Anders Ericsson, who produced research that revealed that you needed to put in “10, 000 hours” to become an elite or expert in your field. A. It takes time to achieve your goals. B. And what do people like doing in their spare time? C. He has studied the most talented creators in history. D. Hayes started his research by examining successful composers E. Professor Hayes began to refer to this period as the “ten years of silence”. F. And what do the successful people do differently than the rest of us? G. And then he calculated how long they had been working before they created their popular works. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 “Why do you always apologize before you ask a question?” my colleague, Dan asked. I looked at him ___41___, not understanding what he meant but felt that there was more than a trace of ___42___ in his tone. “There’s no reason for it; you shouldn’t do that,” he said. “Sorry if it annoys you,” I responded. I probably annoyed him again by ___43___ again. This happened over 35 years ago, but I still ___44___ it now. Asking questions in conversation isn’t that ___45___, at least not to me. I figured out some ___46___. The first was self-consciousness and insecurity. Had I missed something the professor said? I knew some students, as a result of such ___47___, didn’t ask questions. I had enough confidence to ask, but not enough to not ___48___ the way of asking. I don’t think it occurred to me at the time, but it did years later, that it also probably related to being ___49___. I knew that a woman was always told there was a line of not ____50____ others too aggressively. Besides, I became conscious of not implying ____51____ — I didn’t want a professor to think I was questioning their expertise, or suggesting they were a ____52____ teacher. It seemed like a reasonable strategy to start by ____53____ that I was wrong or uninformed. Before Dan’s comment, I hadn’t thought about it ____54____, and much less considered that there could be a ____55____ while doing it. But I was learning that there was, and it could be unpleasant. Fortunately, I think I’ve done it less now. 41. A. blankly B. sadly C. hopefully D. impatiently 42. A. concern B. annoyance C. excitement D. relief 43. A. arguing B. resisting C. escaping D. apologizing 44. A. account for B. reflect on C. call for D. take up 45. A. simple B. surprising C. clear D. logical 46. A. choices B. decisions C. reasons D. actions 47. A. doubt B. loss C. achievement D. plan 48. A. strengthen B. soften C. change D. keep 49. A. weak B. positive C. female D. reasonable 50. A. impressing B. fighting C. chasing D. blaming 51. A. approval B. defence C. connection D. judgment 52. A. bad B. lazy C. responsible D. creative 53. A. refusing B. insisting C. denying D. acknowledging 54. A. crazily B. fast C. consciously D. bitterly 55. A. failure B. disadvantage C. virtue D. barrier 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Going to Zhangjiajie reminds people of the mountains in Avatar. For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie National Park is ____56____ must to visit. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage site, one that has seen tourism boom, ____57____ (provide) a lot of job opportunities for the locals and stimulating economic ____58____ (grow). Over the years, the rock caves and karst (喀斯特) formations ____59____ (lead) people to call it a “fairyland”. The park has thick forests, deep canyons, unusual peaks, caves, and pillar-like (像柱子似的) rock formations blanketed throughout the park. These pillar-like rock formations are ____60____ the park is famous for around the world. One of the fastest and most ____61____ (effort) ways to experience the area is by riding up the world’s tallest outdoor elevator. The 326-meter-tall glass Bailong Elevator ____62____ (build) onto the side of a cliff at the start of this century and offers amazing views of the park. Zhangjiajie National Park is also home ____63____ many endangered species of animals and plants and the Chinese government has taken conservation efforts ____64____ (preserve) the landscape, which will ____65____ (undoubted) help balance the ecosystem better for more people to enjoy the out-of-this-world scenery. 第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 66. 假定你是李华，你校将邀请专家来校做职业生涯规划（career planning）的讲座。请写一则英语通知，内容包括： 1.时间和地点： 2.主要内容； 3.呼吁大家参加。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请在答题卡上作答。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 （满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 She was the prettiest puppy we had ever seen, and the whole family immediately fell in love with her. We named her Onyx because of her black, shiny black coat. She spent her first vacation with us when she was only ten weeks old and had her first bath and swim in the St. Lawrence River. We had no clue that this amazing little ball of fur would end up being our hero. As she grew older, Onyx became more and more involved in our family activities. On hot summer days, Onyx enjoyed floating on the river with us in her own rubber tube (橡皮圈). Amazingly standing on the top of the tube, she smiled while showing off her perfect balance. Resting her front legs and paws over the edge of the rubber tube, she kept her eyes shut as she floated until she’d had enough of the warm sun on her black coat. One day, our eighteen-year-old daughter, Margie, announced she was going to swim across the bay. No one in the family was free to go swimming with her. The unwritten rules, regardless of swimming ability, was to have a companion in the water with you, especially when swimming the width of the bay. I was not a good swimmer, so I said to Margie, “Take Onyx with you.” Having heard her name, Onyx woke up from a nap and was ready for action. Margie signed the dog to follow her. Onyx ran to the water next to her. They entered the freezing river together and swam side by side across the bay. I watched from the bank as they reached the sandbar (沙洲) on the far shore. They rested a few minutes before diving into the water for the return trip. I felt uneasy for some reason and continued to watch the pair swim side by side. Suddenly I heard Margie calling out, “I have a cram (痉挛) in the leg! ” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Seeing the pair approaching the riverbank, I breathed a sigh of relief. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null