专题05 阅读理解之说明文(无锡中考真题+名校模拟)-备战2025年中考英语常考语法点+题型练习(中考真题+名校模拟真题)(无锡专用)

专题05 阅读理解之说明文 (中考真题+名校最新真题) （2024·江苏无锡·中考真题） A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation. The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don’t feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as “an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)”. They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind. The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren’t very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people’s hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are “definitely not the best way to reduce anger”. The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger. 1．What is the main finding of the new study? A．A new method of venting anger. B．A new method of reducing anger. C．Good activities to vent anger. D．Good activities to reduce anger. 2．What can we learn about calming activities? A．They can reduce feelings of anger. B．They can increase the heart rate. C．They are good for mind health. D．They are good for heart health. 3．According to Schachter and Singer’s theory, what happens first if you see a snake and feel afraid? A．You get the feeling of fear. B．You get the feeling of calm. C．Your heart beats fast. D．Your heart beats slowly. 4．The following sentence can best be put at the end of ________. They think this shows that fun or playful activities help to reduce negative feelings. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 （2023·江苏无锡·中考真题） Pet parrots that are allowed to make video calls to other birds show signs of feeling less isolated, according to scientists. The study, which involved giving the birds a computer that they could use to make video calls, found that they began to engage in more social behaviors including preening, singing and playing. The birds were given a choice of which “friend” to call on a touchscreen computer and the study showed that the parrots that called other birds most often were the most popular choices. Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas, of the University of Glasgow and a co-author of the study, said that video calls had helped many people feel less isolated in the last few years. She added, “There are 20 million parrots living in people’s homes in the USA, and we wanted to explore whether those birds might benefit (受益) from video calling too. If we gave them the chance to call other parrots, would they choose to do so, and would the experience benefit the parrots and their caregivers?” Their study of 18 pet parrots suggested that there were, indeed, benefits for the birds. In the wild, many species of parrots live in large groups, but as pets they are, kept alone or in a small group. Living alone can cause birds, to develop mental problems, which include rocking, walking back and forth, or self-harming behaviors such as feather-plucking. The parrots first learned to ring a bell and then touch a photo of another bird on the screen of a computer to make a call to that bird, with the help of their owners. In total the birds made 147 calls to each other during the study, while owners took detailed notes on the birds’ behavior and the researchers later reviewed the video footage. Jennifer Cunha of Northeastern University said that the parrots “seemed to know” that they were communicating with other birds. “All the bird owners in the study said they valued the experience, and would want to continue using the system with their parrots in the future,” she said. “I was quite surprised at so many different behaviors,” said Hirskyj-Douglas. “Some would sing, some would play around and go upside down, others would want to show another bird their toys.” 5．The main purpose of the study is to find out _________. A．if parrots can learn to make video calls B．if parrots can benefit from video calling C．why parrots can have so many benefits D．why parrots can develop mental problems 6．What can we learn about the pet parrots? A．Their way to communicate is singing. B．Most of them used to live in large groups. C．The most popular ones made most calls. D．They can make video calls by themselves. 7．Which word has the closest meaning to “isolated”? A．amazed B．calm C．scared D．lonely 8．The following paragraph can best go after ________. Video calling could reproduce some of the social benefits of living in a group, according to Rébecca Kleinberger, of Northeastern University and first author of the study. A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4 （2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）Have you ever watched a show about the wild? A shark (鲨鱼) eats a seal! Lions run down a gazelle! Is all nature like that? All about eating and blood? Or is that just what keeps our eyes glued to the TV screen? Let’s look at sonic living things who work with each other instead of ripping each other apart. When a lion kills a gazelle, it wants to eat as much as it can and maybe share the rest with its family. There are some living things that will take small pieces of another living thing’s body. Parasitism is when one living thing gets its energy from another living thing, does not give anything back, and hurts the thing it’s taking things from. Now let’s get a little nicer. Sometimes a living thing will live off the body of another living thing without hurting it. They do not steal anything. They do not bite. Commensalism is when two living things live together and one gets good things out of it while the other is not hurt by it. Have you seen a picture of a whale (鲸) with rocky white things stuck to its skin? Those are barnacles(藤壶). They attach themselves to the whale, so nothing will try to eat them and they can eat things that float by. Now let’s get really nice. While sharks are biting and lions are fighting, are there any animals that just get along? Yes! Actually, there are many. Mutualism is when two living things work together and both get good things out of it. Bees and flowers are the most common example. Without flowers, bees could not make honey. Without bees, flowers could not make new seeds. It’s win-win for these two. There are lots of animals that get along. Birds will live on the backs of zebras and eat the ticks that are drinking the zebra’s blood. The bird gets food. The zebra gets its ticks taken away. In some of these cases, one animal could not live without the other. We use the word “Symbiotic (共生的)” for all of these kinds of relationships. Sometimes it’s good for one and bad for the other. Sometimes it’s just good for one. Sometimes it’s even good for both. So, it is nice to know that there are some living things out there that are finding ways to live together. We could pay attention to the animals that do not always make it on TV. 9．The writer mentioned a TV show about the wild in Paragraph 1 to ________. A．tell a story B．solve a mystery C．Introduce a subject D．discuss a programme 10．Which of the following best describes the relationship between bees and flowers? A．Neighbours. B．Friends. C．Strangers. D．Partners. 11．How does the writer develop the passage? A．By showing pictures. B．By giving examples. C．By presenting reasons. D．By drawing conclusions. 12．What can we infer from the passage? A．The world of living things remains to be explored. B．More actions should be taken to protect living things. C．TV programmes about living things require to be improved. D．More money will be spent on documentaries about living things. （2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）Studying is not always the most interesting task within your day, but it is a necessary one. Even though it is required, everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying. Although this is a common problem, here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying. Find a suitable place to study. Make sure you are in a place that is free of distraction (分心). Distractions will actually cause you to become more bored because you are reminded of the things you could be doing other than studying. Make a ▲ plan. Plan first. List what you need to get completed and how long you need to complete it. If you know when you can go back to play sports or talk to your friends, you will be more likely to fix your attention on studies. Mix up your topics. Change up the topics that you are studying. Mix up what you study every half an hour to an hour or so to avoid boredom. For example, study history for 45 minutes, maths for 45 minutes, and English for 45 minutes. Make sure you don’t spend all your time on one subject. Take notes as you go. Take a notebook out and write down important notes while you are reading an article in a textbook. Not only will it help keep you engaged, you will also be learning more because you process the information once as you read it and then again as you synthesize the information to write down. 13．Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from? A．Study. B．Health. C．Science. D．Culture. 14．Which word is the most suitable for ▲ ? A．trip B．time C．business D．lunch 15．The passage is mainly about ________. A．how to learn different subjects B．how to study without getting bored C．how to read an article in a text book D．how to choose a proper place to study （2024·江苏无锡·三模）Today we can do everything with apps. However, when it comes to technology and health care, chances and challenges come together. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home. In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without the medical team. However, every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno-health care? Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to the doctor begins with a receptionists (接待员), who can see and know how a patient is doing. This may influence the treatment effect. It’s impossible that a patient website will have such intuition. Next, sharing the details of one’s life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where patients can share some of life’s best and worst moments with doctors. This human touch maybe isn’t there over the smartphone. Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged (打记号的) result with no explanation on the website, there’s room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds— and also great worry. So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age? Very talented companies are working on it. There is medical equipment (设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine. It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results. But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to and care about their journey story, which will never be realized through technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it completely will most certainly have unexpected effects. 16．According to the passage, how does technology help health care? A．It encourages doctors to share their stories online. B．It offers the patient a way to get a diagnosis easily. C．It improves relations between doctors and patients. D．It provides a chance to build a medical team. 17．What do you know about techno-health care from the passage? A．Patient websites require trust from doctors. B．Talented companies can give medical advice. C．Flagged results may cause worry for patients D．Medical equipment collects patients’ stories. 18．The writer probably agrees that _________. A．technology can deal with unexpected results B．we can depend on techno-health completely C．it is difficult to adapt to the new technology age D．techno-health care should consider humanity （2024·江苏无锡·三模）Papermaking is one of the ancient inventions of China. People started making paper in the Western Han Dynasty and got even better at it during the Eastern Han Dynasty.Here is a simple way to understand how Cai Lun made paper. Choosing the material First, picked the right plants like mulberry trees, hemp and grass for the paper. Soaking Soaking the plants in ash water. This helps make it soft. Also, it could whiten the material. Cooking it up Then put the plants in a big pot with water, made it boil, and stirred until the plants got loose. Pounding Pounding (击打) is a step where they made the paper stronger. People pound the boiled material to make it more sturdy. This step took a lot of energy. It usually was completed with a special pounding tool. Fishing Net Filter the boiled material through a fishing net, leaving behind the fibrous material. ▲ The fibrous material got from the net needs to be dried again, controlling temperature and time to make sure the quality and purity of the fibers (纤维). Squishing and Flattening Then put the dried parts on a flat surface, squished (压) it with a wooden hammer, and used a sieve to get rid of unwanted bits. Making the Paper The processed parts were put in water, spread on bamboo boards, squished with a wooden hammer again. At last people air dried them to get paper. All these steps together helped make impressive invention of paper! 19．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．School life. B．Science fiction. C．Chinese culture. D．Art world. 20．Which word is the most suitable for ▲ ? A．Drying B．Spreading C．Cooking D．Printing 21．To make paper, we ____________. A．can choose our favourite plants B．need to get some water ready C．must pound with our own hands D．should follow seven steps in all （2024·江苏无锡·三模） Is there a sport more popular than frisbee? We don’t think so! The activity has been trending on lifestyle-sharing platforms such as Weibo and Douyin. According to research by 36kr, it now surpasses skateboarding, cycling and other sports as one of the most popular sports among young people—about 60 percent of people surveyed said they want to make new friends playing the game. In the early 20th century, William Frisbie’s pies were very popular with American Yale University students. They not only enjoyed eating the pie, but also throwing the empty tin pie plate around. This was the first version of a flying disc (圆盘) game. It developed and became popular. Flying discs are known throughout most of the world by registered trademarked name “Frisbee”. Frisbee is a very social game. Men and women can play the sport together and there is no body contact. For those who want to compete, they can try the frisbee-using-sport called “ultimate”. The rules are very easy. The players’ main goal is simply to catch the frisbee. The thrower is not allowed to move after throwing the frisbee out, while others with no frisbee in their hands can move as they want. “For example, when you hold the frisbee, you cannot move. Instead, you pivot (绕轴转) one foot until the disc is released,” said Qu Xinchen. Unlike many team games, “ultimate” encourages honesty and fair play, with no judges on the court. The increasing popularity of the activity has drawn the attention of the government. On July 7, 2022, the General Administration of Sport of China announced the first Chinese Frisbee League (联赛). Now, this sport can be seen in many cities around the country and has become a national fitness activity. 22．What does the underlined word “judges” mean in this passage? A．People who decide the winner. B．People who cheer for the players. C．People who clean up the ground. D．People who remind players of time. 23．From the passage, we can know _________. A．frisbee has a history of about two hundred years B．frisbee was invented by British university students C．players can move around anytime during the game D．players aren’t allowed to hit each other in the game 24．What’s the writing purpose of the passage? A．To teach readers how to play a sport. B．To make an introduction of a popular sport. C．To discover the fun secrets of a sport. D．To show readers the history of a popular sport. 25．The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ____________.            In another game called “disc golf”, players try to hit faraway objects with a disc. A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5 （2024·江苏无锡·三模） Like detectives, archaeologists use evidence to solve mysteries. Detectives look for clues to solve crimes. Archaeologists look for clues to help them understand how people lived long ago. In fact, the word “archaeology” means “the study of ancient things”. One type of evidence used to learn about the past is pottery. People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world. Old pottery is usually found in pieces called “potsherds”. Sometimes potsherds found in the same place can be put back together to recreate the original pot. Even in pieces, old pottery can teach us about the past. When examining pottery, archaeologists consider not only its appearance but what it was made of and how it was made. With this knowledge, they can get information about people’s lives in ancient times. ① Pottery is made by first adding water to a kind of soil called clay. When wet clay can be formed into shapes. It is then heated. This hardens (使变硬) the clay and allows it to keep its shape. To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters (制陶工) use something called “temper”. Different materials can be used as temper. An archaeologist can tell where a pot came from by the types of clay and temper that were used. Sometimes a pot found in one location might have materials from another place. ② Some of the earliest pots were made quite simply. A piece of clay was hollowed (掏空) out and shaped into a bowl. It was then heated at a low temperature. The finished pot was rough (粗糙), and often undecorated. This type of pot might be used for cooking.③ Later, coiled pots were made. These were made by first rolling the clay into a long snake shape. The coil was then wound (绕) in circles to form a pot. They were often decorated in different ways. These pots were heated at high temperatures. The higher the temperature, the harder and longer-lasting the pot. Further improvements in pottery-making developed in different times and places. ④ A pot’s shape and decoration can provide clues about the past. Painted pictures might show events from daily life or from ancient stories. Archaeologists know certain shapes and styles that were common in different times and places. Archaeologists study the differences in types of pottery closely. Because of their work, these daily objects can tell some of the mysteries of the past. 26．Why are detectives and archaeologists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To compare the pottery with evidence. B．To show the long history of pottery. C．To lead to the topic of the passage. D．To catch readers’ attention to archaeology. 27．We can put “This can provide clues about how people traded or travelled.” in Blank ________. A．① B．② C．③ D．④ 28．When is temper added to the clay? A．Before the clay is shaped. B．After the pot is heated. C．While the pot is being decorated. D．When the clay is hollowed. 29．What is the main idea of this passage? A．People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world. B．Pots are decorated with pictures that show events from ancient stories. C．Ancient pottery can tell about the lives of the people who made and used it. D．Archaeologists look for clues to solve mysteries in different times and places. （2024·江苏无锡·一模）On Feb. 15, a new video model called Sora promises to create a video up to a minute long from a short text description. Just tell Sora your idea, and watch it make a video right before your eyes. Sora is described as “eye-popping”, “world-changing”, and “breathtaking, yet scaring.” The videos from OpenAI’s Sora are full of details. One video of a Tokyo street scene shows that Sora has learned how objects fit together in 3-D: the camera goes into the scene to follow a couple as they walk past a row of shops. Sora knows how things should look in real life. Sora looks at many videos and learns from them by breaking them into very small bits. It uses these bits to make a new video. The new video is grey at first and very messy. Then, Sora fixes the video until it looks good and smooth. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT, which turns the user’s short sentences into clear instructions. This helps Sora make the video just as you asked. Sora may find “busy” pictures hard to understand. For example, when a person moves, things around them change. In one video created by Sora, a grandma blows the candle on a birthday cake, but the flame (火焰) doesn’t move. Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right”. OpenAI also says that Sora deals with occlusion well. But one problem is that they fail to follow objects when they are out of sight. For example, if a truck passes in front of a street sign, the sign might not reappear afterward. In a video of a papercraft underwater scene, Sora has added what looks like cuts between different pieces of footage (镜头), and the model has kept the same style between them. But it’s not perfect. In the Tokyo video, cars to the left look smaller than the people walking beside them. They also pop (突然出现) in and out between the trees. “There’s some work to be done,” says Brooks. “For example, if someone goes out of view for a long time, they won’t come back.” “Sora seems like a very important leap forward,” says Sam Gregory, a human rights organization that specializes in the use and misuse of video technology. “But there are two sides of the coin,” he says. “The meaningful abilities help many more people to be storytellers using video. And there are also possibilities for misuse.” OpenAI has also realized the risks that come with a video model. The OpenAI team plans to draw on the safety testing. “We’ll need to get more feedback (反馈) and learn more about the types of risks that need to be solved with video before it would make sense for us to put Sora into use,” says Ramesh. 30．Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “occlusion”? A．being seen B．being followed C．being covered D．being dropped 31．The following sentence would best be placed at the end of _________. Perhaps it will be an imagination tool or a misinformation machine. A．Paragraph 4 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 2 D．Paragraph 1 32．The next part of the passage may be about _________. A．the safety testing B．the misuse of Sora C．two sides of Sora D．another video model 33．What can most possibly be the writer’s real purpose? A．To encourage us to use Sora to make short videos. B．To explain to us how to use Sora to create short videos. C．To remind us to care about the problems and risks Sora has. D．To introduce what advantages Sora will bring to our daily life. （2024·江苏无锡·三模） Do you know full confidence in your memory? Look at the two pictures and choose the one which you think is correct. Then check with the answer. Answer: The one on the right is correct. Pikachu never had a black tail in any of its various versions. Its yellow tail does have brown fur at its base, but there is no sign of black fur on its tail. There has been a discussion about whether it is shi or si in the sentence. “Thus when Heaven is about to confer a great office on any man…” Most people voted si as what they learned at school. However, People’s Education Press (PEP), a leading publisher of Chinese textbooks, claimed on Oct. 26 that all its textbooks say shi. Supporters of si feel shocked and say they’ve experienced the “Mandela Effect”—the situation in which a large number of people believe that an event happened when it didn’t. Many people believed that former South African president Nelson Mandela died in the 1980s in prison. However, Mandela was alive and well, finally passing away in 2013. US researcher Fiona Broome created a website to detail her discovery of this public phenomenon (现象), coining the term which has been in use till now. Some often joke that our memories have been changed by a strange force. In fact, psychologists have looked into the reasons for the Mandela Effect, as reported on the US-based website Verywell Mind. For example, your mind may fill in gaps missing in your memory to make more sense of it, which is called confabulation (虚构症). However, try not to feel bad—this is not lying, but rather remembering details that never happened. The Internet may be another reason why we tend to have Mandela Effect events, as the news we read can be false from the beginning. In 2018, Science Journal published a study of over 100,000 news stories discussed across Twitter. It showed that false news can spread faster and reach more people than the truth. As a powerful way to spread information, the Internet might be the main reason for falsehoods to enter our minds. 34．Why does the writer mention the discussion about the sentence in Paragraph 2? A．To solve a mystery of Mandela Effect. B．To raise readers’ interest in confabulation. C．To introduce the topic of the Mandela Effect. D．To discuss which word is the right one, si or shi. 35．Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “coining” in Paragraph 4? A．creating B．borrowing C．describing D．correcting 36．What is the “Mandela Effect” about? A．Attitudes to a special event. B．A kind of psychological effect. C．The benefit of good memory. D．The effect of Mandela’s death. 37．What can we infer from the passage? A．Most people know the former South African president Mandela well. B．The word si or shi both existed in Chinese textbooks published by the PEP. C．If you can tell the right Pikachu, you will never suffer from the Mandela Effect. D．If you remember details that never happened, you may experience the Mandela Effect. （2024·江苏无锡·二模） Trees can provide many benefits for humans including cleaning the air and providing us with oxygen, shade, food, medicines, and beauty. They can help us to relax and destress, lower our heart rates and blood pressure and improve our mood. Being outside and connecting with nature, especially hugging a tree, has been shown to be especially good for our mental health. The “Biophilia Hypothesis” (亲生命假说) is often given as a reason why being in nature is good for us. It was pointed out by US scientist Edward Wilson in 1984. He said that humans are born to love being around other living things. Humans’ love for nature is “in our DNA”. This idea helps to explain why people prefer natural, green views to city views. It’s also one of the reasons why people love cute pets. A study in 2021 reported that tree-hugging can increase oxytocin (催产素). It’s a hormone responsible for feelings. The higher the level of oxytocin is, the calmer and happier you may be. One of the primary ways that oxytocin productions increased is through touch. Hugging trees for only 21 seconds can lead to an increase in oxytocin. Another hormone called cortisol (皮质醇) is a marker of stress. The brain produces more cortisol when the person is anxious, angry, or very sad. Hugging trees helps cut cortisol production, which makes us feel better. Many animals are well-known for their tree-hugging nature, such as the sloths, giant pandas and koalas. Similar to dogs and kangaroos, koalas do not sweat. For them, hugging trees is a great way of keeping cool without losing water through panting (喘气). In hot weather, koalas loved to hug tree trunks that were cooler than the surrounding air. In higher temperatures, koalas also spread their bodies to increase surface area for the transfer of heat and could cool themselves down by as much as 68%. If you have never hugged a tree, we hope that you are up for doing so. It’s an amazing way to connect with the natural world and get back to the roots that a lot of us humans seem to have forgotten. Although the activity is helpful to us, it’s important to keep in mind that we shouldn’t hurt nature while doing it. 38．Which of the following can be explained by the “Biophilia Hypothesis”? A．People feel relaxed in natural parks. B．People prefer to live in the busy cities. C．People like doing exercises in the sports center. D．People love visiting theme parks in their spare time. 39．How might people feel with a lower hormone oxytocin? A．They might feel worried but patient. B．They might feel calm and happy. C．They might feel scared but confident. D．They might feel angry and stressed. 40．What can we learn from the passage about tree-hugging? A．Tree-hugging does much harm to the environment. B．People can train their physical abilities by hugging trees. C．Bad moods and mental stress may be improved by hugging trees. D．Tree-hugging is a useful way for animals to keep themselves warm. 41．What will the writer probably continue to write in the next paragraph? A．The benefits of tree-hugging. B．The disadvantages of tree-hugging. C．Details of tree-hugging animals. D．Notes for attention when hugging trees. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于情绪的两因素理论，以及一项新的研究发现，即减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.”可知，新的研究发现，减少愤怒感觉的关键不是发泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平静的活动，故这项新的研究主要发现了一些可以减少愤怒的好的活动。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga.”可知，那些能够减少身体反应的活动，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平静的活动有助于减少愤怒感觉。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out.”可知，文章指出，当我们看到一只熊时，我们的身体可能会做出反应，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知当我们看到一条蛇并感到害怕时，我们心跳也会加快。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.”可知，团队发现一些增加心率的活动，如球类运动和团队运动，可能会减少愤怒。这表明有趣的活动有助于减少负面情绪。故这句话可以放在第四自然段的结尾。故选D。 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍研究人员使用视频通话帮助宠物鹦鹉摆脱孤独。 5．细节理解题。根据“There are 20 million parrots living in people’s homes in the USA, and we wanted to explore whether those birds might benefit (受益) from video calling too.”可知，在美国，有2000万只鹦鹉生活在人们的家中，我们想探索一下这些鹦鹉是否也能从视频通话中受益。由此可知，这项研究的主要目的是找出鹦鹉是否能从视频通话中受益。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据“the study showed that the parrots that called other birds most often were the most popular choices”可知，研究表明，最常叫其他鸟类的鹦鹉是最受欢迎的选择。由此可知，最受欢迎的打了最多的电话。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。分析“Pet parrots that are allowed to make video calls to other birds show signs of feeling less isolated”可知，被允许与其他鸟类进行视频通话的宠物鹦鹉显示出感觉不那么孤立的迹象，此处isolated的意思是“孤立的”，故选D。 8．推理判断题。分析“Video calling could reproduce some of the social benefits of living in a group, according to Rébecca Kleinberger, of Northeastern University and first author of the study.东北大学的丽贝卡·克莱因伯格是这项研究的第一作者，她表示视频通话可以再现群体生活的一些社会效益。”可知，本句介绍的是该研究中视频通话的效益，与第四段结尾“Living alone can cause birds, to develop mental problems, which include rocking, walking back and forth, or self-harming behaviors such as feather-plucking.”语境相符，逻辑相连。故选D。 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了动物界共生的相关知识。 9．推理判断题。根据“Let’s look at sonic living things who work with each other instead of ripping each other apart.”可知，第一段提及电视节目是为了引出文章主题；故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据“Mutualism is when two living things work together and both get good things out of it. Bees and flowers are the most common example.”可知，互惠主义是指两个生物一起工作，都从中得到好处；因此花和蜂蜜的关系是一种合作关系；故选D。 11．篇章结构题。根据全文内容可知，作者一系列例子来阐述共生、寄生的概念；故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据“So, it is nice to know that there are some living things out there that are finding ways to live together. We could pay attention to the animals that do not always make it on TV.”可知，生物世界还有待探索；故选A。 13．A 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了远离学习疲倦的一些建议。 13．推理判断题。根据“Although this is a common problem, here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.”可知，此文与学习建议有关，因此在杂志的“学习部分”可以看到。故选A。 14．推理判断题。根据“List what you need to get completed and how long you need to complete it.”和图片内容可知，此处谈论时间计划，因此此处应该填“time”。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据“Although this is a common problem, here are some tips for you to keep boredom away while you are studying.”可知，主要讲述了一些关于如何学习而不感到无聊的建议。故选B。 16．B 17．C 18．D 【导语】本文介绍了科技发展给医疗带来的机遇和挑战。 16．细节理解题。根据文中“Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.”可知，科技允许患者使用科技在线就医并且获得诊断，即它为病人提供了一种容易得到诊断的方法。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据“When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there’s room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.”可知，打记号的诊断结果可能会引起患者的担忧。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据“Technology should be a tool, but depending on it completely will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let’s not allow our humanity to be one of them.”可知，作者认为，科技应该是一种工具，完全依赖科技会产生意想不到的影响，即科技医疗保健应该考虑到人性。故选D。 19．C 20．A 21．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了造纸术以及蔡伦造纸的过程步骤。 19．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了造纸术以及蔡伦造纸的过程步骤。因此最可能在“中华文化”版块读到。故选。 20．推理判断题。根据“The fibrous material got from the net needs to be dried again”可知，这个步骤是晒干。此处填“Drying晒干”最为合适。故选。 21．细节理解题。根据“Then put the plants in a big pot with water, made it boil, and stirred until the plants got loose.”可知，为了造纸，我们需要准备一些水。故选。 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了深受欢迎的飞盘运动。 22．词句猜测题。根据“ ‘ultimate’ encourages honesty and fair play”可知，“终极飞盘”鼓励诚实和公平竞争，由此推知这个比赛没有裁判在场；“judges”的含义为“裁判”。故选A。 23．推理判断题。根据“Frisbee is a very social game. Men and women can play the sport together and there is no body contact.”可知，飞盘是一种社交游戏。男人和女人可以一起玩这项运动，没有身体接触；选项D“在游戏中，玩家不允许互相攻击”符合文意。故选D。 24．主旨大意题。根据“Is there a sport more popular than frisbee? We don’t think so!”及全文可知，作者写本文的目的是介绍飞盘运动。故选B。 25．推理判断题。根据“In another game called ‘disc golf’, players try to hit faraway objects with a disc.”可知，“飞盘高尔夫”是飞盘运动的一种；结合全文可知，第四段重点介绍飞盘这项运动，故此句应放在第四段段末。故选C。 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了考古学家们通过研究出土的陶瓷来研究过去人们的生活。 26．推理判断题。根据“Like detectives, archaeologists use evidence to solve mysteries. Detectives look for clues to solve crimes. Archaeologists look for clues to help them understand how people lived long ago.”可推知，本段通过描写考古学家和侦探的相似之处是为了引出本文的主题，即考古学家通过研究出土的陶器来研究人们过去的生活。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据“An archaeologist can tell where a pot came from by the types of clay and temper that were used. Sometimes a pot found in one location might have materials from another place.”可知，考古学家可以通过所使用的粘土类型和回火来判断陶器的来源，有时在一个地方发现的罐子里可能有来自另一个地方的材料，与“这可以提供人们如何交易或旅行的线索。”形成逻辑连接关系。故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据“To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters (制陶工) use something called ‘temper’.”可知，是为了使粘土更容易成型和加热，陶工们使用回火，故推出回火应在成型前添加。故选A。 29．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了考古学家们通过研究出土的陶器来研究过去人们的生活。故选C。 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了Sora视频模型的功效及面临的问题和风险。 30．词句猜测题。根据“OpenAI also says that Sora deals with occlusion well. But one problem is that they fail to follow objects when they are out of sight.”可知，此处表达Sora能够很好地处理遮挡，但一个问题是当物体不在视线范围内时它们无法跟随物体，故推出划线部分occlusion意为“遮挡”，与选项C“被遮盖”意思相近。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据“Perhaps it will be an imagination tool or a misinformation machine.”可知，此句总结表达这是一个什么样的机器，本文第一段主要介绍了一个名为Sora的新视频模型及它的功能，故此句应位于第一段句末。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据“OpenAI has also realized the risks that come with a video model. The OpenAI team plans to draw on the safety testing.”可知，此段主要介绍了OpenAI也意识到了视频模型带来的风险，OpenAI团队计划利用安全测试，故推出下文应介绍这个安全测试。故选A。 33．主旨大意题。根据“OpenAI has also realized the risks that come with a video model. The OpenAI team plans to draw on the safety testing. ”可知，作者想要提醒我们要关心Sora所面临的问题和风险。故选C。 34．C 35．A 36．B 37．D 【导语】本文主要阐述了“曼德拉效应”的起因和该效应的影响。 34．推理判断题。根据“There has been a discussion about whether it is shi or si in the sentence. ‘Thus when Heaven is about to confer a great office on any man…’ ”以及“Supporters of si feel shocked and say they’ve experienced the ‘Mandela Effect’—the situation in which a large number of people believe that an event happened when it didn’t.”可知作者讲述这句话的目的是为了引出“曼德拉效应”的话题，故选C。 35．词义猜测题。根据“US researcher Fiona Broome created a website to detail her discovery of this public phenomenon (现象), coining the term which has been in use till now.”可知美国研究人员菲奥娜·布鲁姆创建了一个网站，详细介绍了她对这一公众现象的发现，并创造了这个词，直到现在还在使用。所以coining和creating意思相近，故选A。 36．推理判断题。根据“Many people believed that former South African president Nelson Mandela died in the 1980s in prison. However, Mandela was alive and well, finally passing away in 2013.”可知许多人认为前南非总统纳尔逊·曼德拉于20世纪80年代死于监狱，但事实上他于2013年去世；再根据“In fact, psychologists have looked into the reasons for the Mandela Effect”可知，心理学家已经研究了“曼德拉效应”的原因；由此推知“曼德拉效应”是一种心理效应。故选B。 37．推理判断题。根据“For example, your mind may fill in gaps missing in your memory to make more sense of it, which is called confabulation (虚构症). However, try not to feel bad—this is not lying, but rather remembering details that never happened.（例如，你的大脑可能会填补你记忆中的空白，以使它更有意义，这被称为虚构症。然而，试着不要感觉糟糕——这不是撒谎，而是记住从未发生过的细节。）”可推知如果你记得从未发生过的细节，你可能会体验到“曼德拉效应”。故选D。 38．A 39．D 40．C 41．D 【导语】本文介绍了抱树能帮助我们健康，并解释了原理。 38．推理判断题。根据“The ‘Biophilia Hypothesis’ (亲生命假说) is often given as a reason why being in nature is good for us...This idea helps to explain why people prefer natural, green views to city views.”可知，“亲生命假说”经常被认为是生活在大自然中对我们有益的原因，这个观点有助于解释为什么人们更喜欢自然的绿色景观而不是城市景观，所以“人们在自然公园里感到放松”可以用这个观点解说。故选A。 39．推理判断题。根据“The higher the level of oxytocin is, the calmer and happier you may be.”可知催产素水平越高，你可能越平静、越快乐，所以如果催产素低的话，可能会感到生气或有压力。故选D。 40．细节理解题。根据“They can help us to relax and destress, lower our heart rates and blood pressure and improve our mood.”以及“Being outside and connecting with nature, especially hugging a tree, has been shown to be especially good for our mental health”可知拥抱树木可以改善不良情绪和精神压力。故选C。 41．推理判断题。根据“Although the activity is helpful to us, it’s important to keep in mind that we shouldn’t hurt nature while doing it.”可知尽管这项活动对我们有帮助，但重要的是要记住，我们在做这项活动时不应该伤害大自然，所以接下来会讲述拥抱树木时的注意事项。故选D。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$