专题03 阅读理解之说明文(长沙中考真题+名校模拟)-备战2025年中考英语常考语法点+题型练习(中考真题+名校模拟真题)(湖南长沙专用)

专题03 阅读理解之说明文 (湖南长沙中考真题+名校模拟) （2024·湖南长沙·中考真题） The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago. Since then, it has enjoyed worldwide popularity. The great musical work includes four parts: “Spring”, “Summer”, “Autumn” and ‘‘Winter”. Each part brings to mind the season it is meant to describe. “Summer”, for example, begins slowly. Listeners can easily picture a hot, lazy summer day when nobody wants to move. When you listen to “Autumn”, a harvest (收获) celebration will readily come to mind. But now, Hache Costa, a music director in Spain, has decided to give the old work a fresh feel. He says the climate (气候) today is very different from what it was in the 1700s. The Four Seasons would be “a lot dirtier” if it were written now. Costa has “updated” the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world. The ‘“updated” musical work has been played in Madrid, Spain. The performance takes place in front of a screen. As the musicians play, a video shows the effects (影响) of climate change, such as forest fires and unusually dry weather. After enjoying it, people find the new “Summer” now sounds noisier and more powerful. Because of global warming (全球变暖), the other three seasons have become shorter. Costa says he expects people to feel “really sad” after listening to the new Four Seasons. “I really want more people to become truly aware of (意识到) what is happening to our planet,” says Costa. “And I believe Vivaldi would not be angry with my changes.” 1．What do we know about The Four Seasons? A．It is still unpopular now. B．It was written by Hache Costa. C．It was first played about 300 years ago. 2．What will come to mind when we listen to the old “Autumn” according to the passage? A．Forest fires and dry weather. B．A harvest celebration. C．A hot lazy day. 3．Which is close to the underlined word “updated” in meaning in Paragraph 4? A．提上日程 B．追根溯源 C．赋予新意 4．Why did Hache Costa give the old work a fresh feel? A．To call on more people to love music. B．To raise public awareness of climate change. C．To present the story of Antonio Vivaldi’s colorful life. （2024·湖南长沙·中考真题） What should you do when you can’t find the time to do a long workout? Have you heard of exercise snacks (零食式锻炼)? Exercise snacks are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of spending hours on the playground, people break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks”. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes. Then you can have a rest for 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It is reported that exercise snacks can be as useful as traditional exercise methods. Just three exercise snacks a day can benefit (使受益) your physical health. Besides that, there are lots of other benefits. Your concentration (专注力) and creativity get better, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day stops you from sitting too long. There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯). But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise choices: Exercises such as lifting weights will satisfy the needs. Since most people don’t keep weights at their offices, lift full water bottles. Squats (深蹲) — moving your body as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. Five to ten of these should make a good snack. For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing. It’ll make for a fun workout. What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it! 5．How long can an exercise snack last according to the passage? A．20 seconds to two minutes. B．30 minutes to four hours. C．Five to ten minutes. 6．Which is an acceptable exercise snack mentioned in the passage? A．Doing math exercises. B．Eating snacks. C．Doing sit-ups. 7．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) to exercise snacks? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 8．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To change traditional eating habits. B．To introduce an inventive new way to stay fit. C．To encourage people to do long-time outdoor exercise. （2024·湖南长沙·二模） We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our job harder rather than easier. Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult. There is often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combine (结合) several challenging personality types and it’s even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it. A final reason teamwork is difficult because there is often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train. Team can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don’t get me wrong — I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that’s useful information—because one day I might want to turn ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 9．What makes the writer work on his own? A．Difficult teamwork. B．Important work. C．His family. 10．Which of the following does the writer agree with? A．The loudest idea is the best idea all the time. B．Lack of time together will not influence teamwork. C．Trust between teammates makes teamwork easier. 11．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． 12．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To tell the advantages of teamwork. B．To show the popularity of teamwork. C．To explain the difficulties of teamwork. （2024·湖南长沙·二模）As you read this passage, you probably have in front of you some paper, a pen and at least one pencil. Have you ever wondered how they were first made and where they come from? The word “paper” comes from the name “papyrus”, a plant. The ancient Egyptians took the soft centre of this plant and added water to make a wet mixture which was then pressed together and hung up to dry. The resulting paper was strong but flexible and was used as writing material in Greek and Roman times. However, it was the Chinese who invented what we now know as paper. The method, in use over 2,000 years ago, also included pressing and drying wet material to form paper. Many materials were used. It was not until the 19th century that paper became easy to make and cheap to buy. The earliest pens were hollow reeds (空心芦苇) that were put into ink to produce a form of writing. By the 6th century BC, feathers had replaced the reeds and feathers continued to be used until the appearance of the metal nib (笔尖). The ballpoint pen was developed in the second half of the 20th century by the Hungarian Biro brothers. From the time of the Romans, a metal stick, made of lead (铅), was used to write on papyrus. The lead left only a light mark and was later replaced by another soft metal, called graphite (石墨). Unlike lead, graphite produced a much harder and heavier line. The graphite sticks, however, broke very easily. So an Italian couple invented something a little like our modern pencil. 13．What does the underlined word “flexible” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．柔韧的 B．复杂的 C．坚硬的 14．When did the paper become easy-to-make and affordable? A．In the 6th century. B．In the 20th century. C．In the 19th century. 15．Which of the following is the correct order of pens’ development? A．Feathers→hollow reeds→metal nib→ballpoint pen. B．Hollow reeds→feathers→metal nib→ballpoint pen. C．Hollow reeds→metal nib→feathers→ballpoint pen. 16．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To help us learn the development of paper, pens and pencils. B．To encourage us to learn the creative spirit of ancient people. C．To make us realize the importance of inventions around the world. （2024·湖南长沙·二模） As humans, we all have moods (情绪). Sometimes we may feel happy or excited. At other times we may feel angry or sad. Most of the time we pay attention to the moods for individuals (个人). However, can a group of people also share a common mood? Of course! A group of people can have a similar feeling about something. Then how can we understand and fit in the mood of a group of people? The answer is to “read the room”. When you “read the room”, you use your powers of observation (观察) to learn the general mood of people in a certain environment. You may then act in a way that is similar to that mood. For example, if you are in a silly mood—laughing a lot and making jokes, you may need to read the room and change your behavior when you enter a serious work meeting. You can also tell someone else to “read the room” if he knows nothing about the mood of a group of people. It is a way of reminding the person that he is behaving incorrectly. For example, if you are at a party and people are seated around a table, enjoying good food and conversation, your friend Jason brings up a very serious topic, like a historic war where many people lost their lives. Suddenly, the atmosphere (气氛) goes from happy to serious. You could say, “Jason, read the room! No one wants to talk about that now.” Reading the room is a useful skill. People who can read the room understand the right mood and are able to act properly. You can train yourself to get better at it, which will make you welcome in any situation. 17．How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling stories. B．By giving suggestions. C．By raising questions. 18．Which is the proper way after you “read the room”? A．You make jokes and laugh a lot when you enter a serious working meeting. B．You talk about a serious topic when everyone is having great fun at a party. C．You turn off the phone and listen carefully when you attend a live concert. 19．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of this text? A． B． C． 20．What can be the best title of the text? A．Pay attention to your own moods. B．“Read the room” before you act. C．Never start a serious topic at a party. （2024·湖南长沙·三模） Are you an “I person” or an “E person”? These two personality labels (标签) are widely discussed online. They are part of a popular personality test called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI. All of the results have four letters, and there are 16 results in total. “I” refers to “introverted (内向的)” while “E” refers to “extroverted (外向的)”. Even if someone is usually quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I” person can still act outgoing at times. For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an “E” person. According to psychologists (心理学家), this idea of changing personalities for a short time is called “masking”. That is hiding your true personality in some situations. “Human beings want to feel they belong to a group, and they might become people-pleasers to do so,” wrote the MasterClass website. Using the MBTI result to identify (识别) and describe someone’s personality seems fun. However, I went too far at one time. My sister was excitedly making a day-to-day travel plan when I remembered from an article that “P people” don’t like to make or stick to plans, so I said to her, “You don’t seem like a ‘P person’.” “Why?” she asked back. “Since when do I need to follow what my personality test tells me to do?” It was then I realized I’d taken the result too seriously. The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can even be a fun ice-breaker question when meeting new friends. And that’s all it is — for fun. Knowing someone’s MBTI result doesn’t mean you really know this person. And those four letters of yours don’t define (定义) who you are. 21．What is True about the MBTI test results? A．An “I” person may sometimes become an “E” person. B．An “E” person is introverted and always acts outgoing. C．The results suggest more than 16 different personalities. 22．The underlined word “masking” means ________. A．暴露 B．伪装 C．欺骗 23．What can we infer from the passage? A．The writer’s sister would follow what her personality test told her to do. B．The MBTI test is scientific and can be used to define people’s personality. C．People might change their personalities to please others in some situations. 24．What is the right attitude towards the MBTI test results? A．We should always follow what the results tell us to do. B．We can use the results to tell if a person is good or bad. C．We may make use of it as a good topic for making friends. （2024·湖南长沙·三模）Even though African elephants are protected, many of them are still being killed for their ivory. At the end of the 1970s, over 1.3 million elephants walked around Africa, but today, their numbers have fallen to around 450,000. This is mainly caused by illegal(非法的) hunting for ivory. Need for ivory in markets, especially in Asia and Africa, continues to push the illegal trade. This has resulted in the deaths of at least 20,000 African elephants each year. Ivory, also known as “white gold”, has long been considered valuable. Its unusual look has led to its use in lots of expensive things, including jewellery, musical instruments and art. And the ivory material itself can stand the test of time. So many people are willing to pay a high price for ivory products. However, no matter how much real ivory is sold for, it’s certainly not worth the harm to elephants. That’s why some scientists are working to achieve the same beauty of ivory without killing any animals. Thaddaa Rath and her team at the University of Vienna have created the ivory called “Digory”. The high-tech ivory is made from synthetic resin(合成树脂) and calcium phosphate particles(磷酸钙颗粒). It’s first formed into the shape by a 3D printer. And then it is color-matched and colored. Next, it is polished(抛光) to make it look like real natural ivory. Although Digory looks so real that it is hard to tell it from real ivory, its chemical structure is completely different from that of the real one. Fritz Vollrath, a biologist who is against killing elephants for ivory, felt excited about the invention and spoke highly of it for the fact that Digory could save many elephants from risks. Scientists have made some achievements, but we still need to do more research to make sure that it is widely used. It’s still hopeful that scientists can be able to protect African elephants by making high-tech materials to take the place of the real ivory. 25．How does the author show the dangerous situations of elephants? A．By telling a story. B．By listing numbers. C．By asking a question. 26．Why do many people want to buy ivory products at high prices? A．For its common look. B．For its long history. C．For its high-quality material. 27．What do we know about making “Digory”? ①Its steps.      ②Its time.      ③Its materials.      ④Its cost. A．①② B．③④ C．①③ 28．Which of the following does the writer agree with? A．Technology can take human’s place to create art. B．It is almost impossible that Digory will be widely used. C．The use of technology can support the protection of wildlife. （2024·湖南长沙·三模） “Keep calm and carry on”—You can see this message written on many T-shirts and other tourist souvenirs (纪念品) in London and the UK. It has become so famous that there are many expressions of it: “keep calm and drink tea”; “keep calm and love dogs”; “keep calm and learn English”. As you can see, you can substitute (替换) the “carry on” part for anything you want, really! But where does the original (最初的) phrase come from? Well, it comes from World War II. It was a message used for a poster (海报) created by the British government to calm people down and encourage them during the war when London was being attacked (攻击). The idea was to carry on with life as normal, as if there was no war. Staying calm when you’re in trouble is known as a very British thing to do. British people are famous for keeping a “stiff upper lip”. This means your lips don’t shake when you are excited or frightened: you stay calm and don’t show people how you are really feeling. Are British people still like this today? Do they still keep a “stiff upper lip”? Modern Britain is very different from how it was 60 years ago and British people probably show their emotions (情绪) more than they used to. But if “keep calm and carry on” is still so famous today, then it must be something that British people still think and care about, and something they are still famous for. So next time you are frightened or in danger, just keep calm and carry on! 29．According to Para.1, what message will be possibly given to Grade 9 who are preparing for exams? A．Keep calm and drink tea. B．Keep calm and love dogs. C．Keep calm and study hard. 30．Where is the original phrase “keep calm and carry on” from? A．A tea house in the UK. B．T-shirt and tourists souvenirs. C．A poster during the World War II. 31．What does the underlined phrase “stiff upper lip” in Para.3 mean? A．唇枪舌战 B．泰然自若 C．装腔作势 32．What is the best title of the passage? A．The UK’s Famous Saying B．The Changes of the British People C．The Culture Development in the UK （2024·湖南长沙·二模）You must have heard of the term (词语) neo-Chinese style, but do you know what exactly it is? It is a trendy fashion that combines traditional Chinese culture with modern designs. Neo-Chinese style has become popular among young people who like to include traditional Chinese elements into their daily wear. This new style of clothing replaces the formal and serious look of traditional hanfu with a simpler and more comfortable feel. In the neo-Chinese style, designers use traditional ornaments (装饰) like Chinese frog buttons and wrap fronts in everyday clothing, These elements give the clothes a modern yet traditional look that many people find appealing (吸引人的). The trend of neo-Chinese style is also influencing the fabrics used in clothing. For example most of the materials used in the neo-Chinese clothes are cotton, linen (麻) and silk. In addition, this year’s clothing for men has more Chinese stand-up collars and patterns like rivers and clouds, while women prefer bright colors. So, what we see is that this new fashion trend is loved by the younger generation, who wants to express their individuality (个性). The style also allows them to express their cultural confidence and cultural identity. They are drawn to the beauty of traditional Chinese culture, making this style a hit. As a result, the neo-Chinese style reflects the aesthetic (审美) preferences of the young generation, which is both fashionable and meaningful. 33．How does the writer start the passage? A．By explaining a term. B．By showing some facts. C．By listing some numbers. 34．What makes neo-Chinese clothing appealing according to the writer? A．It’s soft fabric. B．It’s simple and convenient feel. C．Its modern yet traditional look. 35．What does the underline word “fabric” mean in Chinese in paragraph 4? A．图案 B．布料 C．款式 36．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．Why neo-Chinese style is popular among the young. B．How young people express their individuality. C．Where the beauty of traditional Chinese culture lies. （2024·湖南长沙·二模）There are more than 72 million deaf people around the world and sign language serves as an important way for them. And their family members and friends can also use sign language to communicate better with them. It’s reported that almost every country has its own unique (独特的) sign language, and some countries even have multiple (多种多样的) sign languages. In fact, there are over 300 different sign languages worldwide. Also, there’s an international sign language that deaf people use when communicating with people from other countries. These amazing sign languages are important to the deaf, so there’s a festival about sign language. The International Day of Sign Languages falls on September 23rd. In 2017, the World Federation of the Deaf (世界聋人联合会) decided to celebrate the International Day of Sign Languages to let people learn more about sign languages and deaf culture. And on September 23rd, 2018, the first International Day of Sign Languages took place. Each year, the event has a different theme, such as “With Sign Language, Everyone is Included” in 2018 and “Sign Languages Unite US” in 2022. There are several meaningful ways to celebrate the International Day of Sign Languages. The best way is to learn sign language. There are many excellent online resources available for this purpose. Another way is to raise understanding about sign languages because many people are no familiar with them. Sharing information about sign languages can help increase understanding. Organizing special events is also a great way to celebrate. These events not only promote awareness (提高意识) of sign language but also help in raising money. 37．What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A．Only deaf people use sign language. B．72 million people use the international sign language. C．There are more than 300 sign languages worldwide. 38．When did people celebrate the first International Day of Sign Languages? A．In 2017. B．In 2018. C．In 2022. 39．What do the underlined words “this purpose” in Paragraph 3 refer to (指代)? A．Learning sign languages. B．Raising understanding about sign languages. C．Celebrating the International Day of Sign Languages. 40．What might be the best title of this passage? A．The Meaningless Sign Language B．The Uncommon Sign Language C．The International Sign Language （2024·湖南长沙·二模）Are you an “I person” or an “E person”? These two personality labels (标签) are widely discussed online. They are part of a popular personality test called MBTI (职业性格测试). All of the results have four letters and there are 16 results in total. “I” and “E” refer to “introverted” (内向的) and “extroverted” (外向的). Even if someone is typically quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I” person can still act outgoing sometimes. For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an “E” person. According to psychologists (心理学家), this idea of changing personalities is called “masking”. That is hiding your true personality in specific situations. That is because human beings want to please others to feel a sense of belonging. Using the MBTI result to describe someone’s personality seems fun. However, I was wrong at one time. My sister was excitedly making a day-to-day travel plan when I remembered from an article that “P people” don’t like to make plans, so I said to her, “You don’t seem like a ‘P person’?” “Why?” she asked back. “Since when do I need to follow what my personality test tells me to do?” It was at that time I realized I’d taken the result too seriously. The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and it can even help you to make new friends. But knowing someone’s MBTI result doesn’t mean you really know this person. And those four letters of yours don’t define (定义) who you are. Personality types are not static (静止的), they are changing over time. No personality can completely describe a person exactly, after all, everyone is special so we don’t have to keep an eye on such tests. 41．What does the underlined word “masking” mean in Paragraph 2? A．化妆 B．伪装 C．戴口罩 42．How does the writer develop Paragraph 3 in this text? A．By giving examples. B．By comparing facts. C．By raising questions. 43．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．The results of the personality test have 16 letters. B．People may change personalities because they want to make others happy. C．Personality types will never change over time. 44．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To show the importance of the personality test. B．To ask people to take the personality test. C．To tell people not to pay too much attention to the personality test. （2024·湖南长沙·三模） When night falls, trunks (后备箱) of private cars are turned into mobile stalls (摊位) on the street. They sell everything from drinks to clothes at good prices. Lots of customers would like to buy something each time they pass by. This is the trunk market which has become popular in many cities. Those who sell things at the stalls are mostly young people. Many young stall holders say they set up the stalls out of interest. They think they might be able to make some money after work. And they find the lively market brings them a feeling of satisfaction. “Every time I work at my stall, I get to talk with nice passers-by. It feels great to meet new friends,” said a stallholder. “I really enjoy hearing people tell me how good my coffee is,” another stallholder said. But young people can’t expect to make a lot of money from the business because the number would fluctuate. For example, a coffee stall may sell 60 cups of coffee on a good day, but less than 10 cup another day. And when the weather is bad, the stallholder couldn’t even go out to the market. While enjoying the fun of buying things at the trunk market, some people also worry about its development. As the food sold there is mostly fast food, no one knows for sure if the food is safe. And each time the market closes, rubbish can be seen everywhere on the street. Besides, people living nearby may find it noisy. Thankfully, some areas are already taking action to make the market go further. 45．What can we learn about the trunk market? A．It opens all day long. B．Its stalls can be moved easily. C．Its stalls sell things at high prices. 46．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．The development of night markets. B．The popularity of selling things at the stalls. C．The reasons why young people set up the stalls. 47．What does the underlined word “fluctuate” mean in Paragraph 3? A．增长 B．稳定 C．波动 48．What can we infer from the text? A．There is no end to develop the trunk market. B．The trunk market does no harm to the environment. C．All the people like the things sold at the trunk market. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍意大利音乐家创作了《四季》，现在西班牙音乐总监哈奇·科斯塔决定给这部老作品赋予一种新鲜感，他希望更多的人真正意识到气候变化的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Four Seasons, written by the Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi, was first played about 300 years ago.”可知，意大利音乐家安东尼奥·维瓦尔第创作的《四季》首次演奏是在大约300年前。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“When you listen to ‘Autumn’, a harvest (收获) celebration will readily come to mind.”可知，当你听到“秋天”时，你会很容易想到丰收的庆祝。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Costa has ‘updated’ the musical work to make it match the realities of the modern world.”可知，使其符合现代世界的现实，所以是给这部音乐作品“赋予新意”，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Because of global warming (全球变暖), the other three seasons have become shorter. Costa says he expects people to feel ‘really sad’ after listening to the new Four Seasons.”和“I really want more people to become truly aware of (意识到) what is happening to our planet.”可知，由于全球变暖，其他三个季节变短了。科斯塔说，他预计人们在听了新的《四季》之后会感到“非常难过”。作者希望更多的人真正意识到我们的星球正在发生什么。由此可知，Hache Costa给老作品带来新鲜感是为了提高公众对气候变化的认识。故选B。 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍零食式锻炼。 5．细节理解题。根据“These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes.”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据“There are so many acceptable exercise snacks, like doing sit-ups, jumping rope or running up and down some stairs (楼梯).”可知，这些练习可以持续20秒到2分钟。有很多可以接受的运动零食，比如做仰卧起坐、跳绳或上下楼梯，故选C。 7．观点态度题。根据“What are you waiting for? Let’s get moving. Your body will thank you for it!”可知，作者对零食式锻炼持支持的态度，故选C。 8．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍零食式锻炼，是一种新颖的健身方式。故选B。 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文主要解释了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。 9．细节理解题。根据“Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s much better fit for me”可知，作者选择自己在家工作是因为团队合作太难了。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据“You need to build trust with your team members.”可知，队友之间的信任使团队合作更容易。故选C。 11．篇章结构题。首段说明了团队合作会让工作变得困难；第二，三和四段分别介绍了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因；最后一段点名团队可能很辛苦，但独自工作也有挑战。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据“Teamwork can be hard....and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our job harder rather than easier.”可知，本文的目的是为了解释团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。故选C。 13．A 14．C 15．B 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了纸、钢笔和铅笔的历史。 13．词句猜测题。根据“The resulting paper was strong but flexible and was used as writing material in Greek and Roman times”可知，被用作书写材料，说明纸张柔软，因此“flexible”意为“柔韧的”，故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据“It was not until the 19th century that paper became easy to make and cheap to buy.”可知，直到19世纪纸更容易制造，也便宜了。故选C。 15．细节理解题。通读第三段内容可知，最早的钢笔是由空心芦苇做成的，到了公元前6世纪羽毛代替了芦苇，然后笔尖代替了羽毛，到后来出现了圆珠笔。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文，主要介绍了纸、钢笔和铅笔的发展历史。故选A。 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．B 【导语】本文介绍了介绍了如何在群体中“察言观色”，做到能够理解正确的情绪，并能够正确行事。 17．细节理解题。根据“Of course! A group of people can have a similar feeling about something. Then how can we understand and fit in the mood of a group of people? The answer is to ‘read the room’.”可知，针对“如何理解和适应一群人的情绪呢”这个问题，作者给出的建议是：察言观色。所以作者是通过提出建议来引入话题的。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据“When you ‘read the room’, you use your powers of observation (观察) to lean the general mood of people in a certain environment.”可推知，“察言观色”就是利用你的观察力来了解特定环境中人们的总体情绪，不影响他人，选项C“当你参加一场现场音乐会时，你会关掉手机，仔细听。”符合。故选C。 19．篇章结构题。首段开篇点题，介绍了“察言观色”这个建议；第二和第三段分别介绍了自己如何在群体中察言观色以及如何提醒他人。最后一段进行总结，指出“察言观色”的重要性。故选A。 20．最佳标题题。本文介绍了介绍了如何在群体中“察言观色”，做到能够理解正确的情绪，并能够正确行事。选项B“在你行动之前，先‘察言观色’。”为最佳标题。故选B。 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了MBTI性格测试。 21．细节理解题。根据“For example, when an introverted person is with a group of introverted friends, they might become more social like an ‘E’ person”可知，“I”型的人有时会变成“E”型的人。故选A。 22．词义猜测题。根据“changing personalities for a short time”可知，masking指的是短时间改变性格，应该表示的是“伪装”，故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据“That is hiding your true personality in some situations.”和“Human beings want to feel they belong to a group, and they might become people-pleasers to do so”可知，人类想要感觉自己属于一个群体，因此他们可能会成为取悦他人的人，也就是在隐藏你的真实个性。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can even be a fun ice-breaker question when meeting new friends. And that’s all it is — for fun”可知，MBTI性格测试可以作为一个交友的好话题。故选C。 25．B 26．C 27．C 28．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研发仿象牙，以减少非法猎杀非洲象，保护其免遭象牙贸易威胁，促进野生动物保护。 25．细节理解题。根据“...over 1.3 million elephants walked around Africa, but today, their numbers have fallen to around 450,000.”以及“This has resulted in the deaths of at least 20,000 African elephants each year.”可知，作者用数字直观地展示了非洲象因非法狩猎象牙而面临的严峻情况。故选B。 26．细节理解题。根据“Its unusual look has led to its use in lots of expensive things, including jewellery, musical instruments and art. And the ivory material itself can stand the test of time.”可知，象牙因其独特外观和高品质，被广泛应用于昂贵的珠宝、乐器和艺术品中，由于其材质能够经久不衰，因此吸引了大量买家愿意支付高价。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据“The high-tech ivory is made from synthetic resin(合成树脂) and calcium phosphate particles(磷酸钙颗粒). It’s first formed into the shape by a 3D printer. And then it is color-matched and colored. Next, it is polished(抛光) to make it look like real natural ivory.”可知，文章介绍了制作步骤和材料。故选C。 28．推理判断题。根据“It’s still hopeful that scientists can be able to protect African elephants by making high-tech materials to take the place of the real ivory.”可知，作者对科技在野生动物保护方面潜力的认可。故选C。 29．C 30．C 31．B 32．A 【导语】本文介绍了英国人最有名的口号：“保持镇静，继续前进”。文章说明了它的来源和演变。 29．细节理解题。根据““keep calm and learn English”. As you can see, you can substitute (替换) the ‘carry on’ part for anything you want, really!”以及根据常识可知，九年级的学生需要努力学习。故选C。 30．细节理解题。根据“But where does the original (最初的) phrase come from? Well, it comes from World War II.”可知，这个短语起源于二战。故选C。 31．词句猜测题。根据“This means your lips don’t shake when you are excited or frightened: you stay calm and don’t show people how you are really feeling.”可知，这意味着当你兴奋或害怕时，你的嘴唇不会颤抖：你保持冷静，不向别人展示你的真实感受。结合选项可知“stiff upper lip”是泰然自若的意思。故选B。 32．最佳标题题。本文介绍了英国人最有名的口号：“保持镇静，继续前进”。文章说明了它的来源和演变。“英国的一句名言”为最佳标题。故选A。 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了新中式服装的流行。 33．细节理解题。根据“You must have heard of the term (词语) neo-Chinese style, but do you know what exactly it is? It is a trendy fashion that combines traditional Chinese culture with modern designs.”可知，文章开头解释了什么是新中式风格。因此作者是通过解释一个术语来开始文章的。故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据“In the neo-Chinese style, designers use traditional ornaments (装饰) like Chinese frog buttons and wrap fronts in everyday clothing, These elements give the clothes a modern yet traditional look that many people find appealing (吸引人的).”可知，作者认为新中式服饰传统的外观最吸引人。故选C。 35．词句猜测题。根据“For example most of the materials used in the neo-Chinese clothes are cotton, linen (麻) and silk.”可知，新中式的潮流也影响着服装的布料。因此推测划线单词为“面料，布料”之意，故选B。 36．主旨大意题。根据“So, what we see is that this new fashion trend is loved by the younger generation, who wants to express their individuality (个性).”可知，本段主要介绍了年轻人如何表达个性。故选B。 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了国际手语日，并且介绍了如何庆祝它。 37．细节理解题。根据“In fact, there are over 300 different sign languages worldwide.”可知有300种不同的手语，故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据“And on September 23rd, 2018, the first International Day of Sign Languages took place.”可知第一次庆祝是在2018年，故选B。 39．词义猜测题。根据“The best way is to learn sign language. There are many excellent online resources available for this purpose.”可知，最好的方法是学习手语。有许多优秀的在线资源可用于此目的。划线词指代的是学习手语。故选A。 40．最佳标题题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍国际手语日，选项C“国际手语”适合作为本文的标题。故选C。 41．B 42．A 43．B 44．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了MBTI性格测试。 41．词义猜测题。根据“That is hiding your true personality in specific situations.”可知，是指隐藏你的真实个性，所以masking应意为“伪装”。故选B。 42．判断推理题。根据“I was wrong at one time. My sister was excitedly making a day-to-day travel plan...”可知，第3段通过举自己和妹妹的例子来进行了说明，所以作者通过举例子来展开这一段。故选A。 43．判断推理题。根据第二段“That is hiding your true personality in specific situations. That is because human beings want to please others to feel a sense of belonging.”可推测，人们可能会改变性格，因为他们想让别人快乐。故选B。 44．判断推理题。根据最后一句“No personality can completely describe a person exactly, after all, everyone is special so we don’t have to keep an eye on such tests.”可推测，文章的主要目的，是为了告诉人们不要太关注于性格测试。故选C。 45．B 46．C 47．C 48．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了后备箱市场很受年轻人欢迎。 45．细节理解题。根据“When night falls, trunks (后备箱) of private cars are turned into mobile stalls (摊位) on the street.”可知后备箱的摊位可以很容易地移动，故选B。 46．段落大意题。根据“Many young stall holders say they set up the stalls out of interest. They think they might be able to make some money after work. And they find the lively market brings them a feeling of satisfaction.”（许多年轻的摊主表示，他们摆摊是出于兴趣。他们认为下班后也许能赚点钱。他们发现热闹的市场给他们带来了一种满足感。）可知第二段主要讲述了年轻的摊贩们是怎么看待后备箱市场的。故选C。 47．词义猜测题。根据“For example, a coffee stall may sell 60 cups of coffee on a good day, but less than 10 cup another day.”（例如，一个咖啡摊在一个好日子里可能卖60杯咖啡，但在另一天可能卖不到10杯。）可知卖出的东西每天波动很大，故选C。 48．推理判断题。根据“Thankfully, some areas are already taking action to make the market go further.”可知，一些地区已经在采取行动，让市场走得更远，由此可知，后备箱市场的发展是无止尽的，故选A。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$