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专题04 非谓语动词
五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用)
考点
考情分布
考点1动词不定式
2024新课标I卷—t0 give;
2024新课标II卷—to find;
2024浙江1月卷—to benefit;
2023新课标I卷—to bite;
2023新课标I卷—to be lifted
2022新课标II卷改编—to thank;
2022浙江卷—to do;
2022浙江1月卷—plan to continue;
2022新课标I卷—to increase;
2022新课标II卷—to see;
2021新课标II卷—to educate;
2021浙江卷—to plant;
2020浙江1月卷--to increase.
2020·浙江卷—to change。
考点2 动名词
2020新课标卷--walking
考点3 动词现在分词
2024新课标II卷--Recalling;
2023新课标II卷--visiting;
2023新课标I卷--wanting;
2022新课标II卷--falling;
2022浙江卷-- existing, sighted;
2022新课标I卷--Covering;
2021新课标II卷—thinking;
2021新课标I卷—aching;
2021新课标I卷--living
考点4 过去分词
2024新课标II卷--inspired
2024浙江1月卷--designed;
2024新课标I卷--closed;
2023新课标I卷--recognized;
2023浙江1月卷--surrounded;
2021浙江卷1月—studied;
2021新课标I卷--astonished;
2020新课标III卷curiosity;
2020新课标卷accuracy
2020浙江卷1月—compared
一 命题趋向
高考中非谓语动词一般在语法填空中考查,1动词不定式短语作目的状语,定语,主语,宾语,宾语补足语,原因状语;还考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义。2.动名词考查作主语,宾语,特别注意动名词的复合结构;3. 分词短语作定语,状语和宾语补足语的结构和辨析。。
二. 技巧点拨
1.分析句子结构,判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语,如果句子不缺少谓语,那就是非谓语动词。
2.找逻辑主语,再判断与动词之间的关系
(1)非谓语动词作定语时,其逻辑主语是被修饰词;作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语;作补语时,其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词;如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。
但是当含有被动意义时,如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行,则用现在分词形式的被动式。
3.判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
(1)to have done,having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前;
(2)to be doing,doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
一. 动词不定式
1.(2024新课标I卷)The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
答案:to give
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:温室在温暖的日子里开放,利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“使用某物去做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。
2.(2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers.
答案: to find
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
3.(2024浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
答案: to benefit
解析:考查动词不定式。句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知,此处是指多买一件来享受降价,所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
4.(2023新课标I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
答案: to bite
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
5.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
答案:to be lifted
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
6.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案: to increase
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
7.(2022新课标II卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________(see) them.
答案: to see
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
8.(2022新课标II卷改编)He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how ________(thank) him.”
答案: to thank
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。故填to thank。
9.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________(continue) the practice.
答案: to continue
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth“计划做”,故填to continue。
10.(2022浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________(do).
答案: to do
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
11.(2021新课标II卷)I decided to do something ________(educate) people about this problem.
答案: to educate
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,__________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
12.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ________(plant) flowers in the front yard.
答案: to plant
解析:考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝•托德•华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示;提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
13.(2020·浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives.
答案: to change
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式作定语。故填to change。
14.(2020浙江1月卷)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected ________(increase)to 42 by 2050.
答案: to increase
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填to increase。
二. 动名词
1.(2020新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________(walk) through a rainforest.
答案:walking
解析:考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同作imagine的宾语,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
考点三. 现在分词短语
1.(2024新课标II卷) ________(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
答案:Recalling
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
2.(2022新课标I卷)________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案:Covering
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
3.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________(think)it is food.
答案:thinking
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,________(think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。
4.(2023新课标II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
答案:visiting。
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
5.(2022新课标II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________(fall) child.
答案: falling
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
6.(2022浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ________(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
答案:existing; sighted
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉•斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修饰sense。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people,表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填existing, sighted。
7(2021新课标I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs.
答案:aching
解析:考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching,表示主动和进行的动作。故填aching。
8.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
答案:living
解析:考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个现在分词作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。故填living。
9.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time.
答案:wanting
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
考点四. 过去分词短语
1.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
答案: inspired
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
答案: designed
解析:考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
3.(2024新课标I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.
答案:closed
解析:考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
4.(2023新课标I卷)Shanghai may be the ________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
答案:recognized
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
5.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
答案:surrounded。
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
6.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
答案:studied
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied。
7.(2021新课标I卷)But that’s how nature is —always leaving us ________(astonish).
答案:astonished
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.
8.(2020浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ________(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
答案:compared
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。Compare与old generation之间表示被动关系,故填compared。
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专题04 非谓语动词
五年(2020-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编(新高考专用)
考点
考情分布
考点1动词不定式
2024新课标I卷—t0 give;
2024新课标II卷—to find;
2024浙江1月卷—to benefit;
2023新课标I卷—to bite;
2023新课标I卷—to be lifted
2022新课标II卷改编—to thank;
2022浙江卷—to do;
2022浙江1月卷—plan to continue;
2022新课标I卷—to increase;
2022新课标II卷—to see;
2021新课标II卷—to educate;
2021浙江卷—to plant;
2020浙江1月卷--to increase.
2020·浙江卷—to change。
考点2 动名词
2020新课标卷--walking
考点3 动词现在分词
2024新课标II卷--Recalling;
2023新课标II卷--visiting;
2023新课标I卷--wanting;
2022新课标II卷--falling;
2022浙江卷-- existing, sighted;
2022新课标I卷--Covering;
2021新课标II卷—thinking;
2021新课标I卷—aching;
2021新课标I卷--living
考点4 过去分词
2024新课标II卷--inspired
2024浙江1月卷--designed;
2024新课标I卷--closed;
2023新课标I卷--recognized;
2023浙江1月卷--surrounded;
2021浙江卷1月—studied;
2021新课标I卷--astonished;
2020新课标III卷curiosity;
2020新课标卷accuracy
2020浙江卷1月—compared
一 命题趋向
高考中非谓语动词一般在语法填空中考查,1动词不定式短语作目的状语,定语,主语,宾语,宾语补足语,原因状语;还考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义。2.动名词考查作主语,宾语,特别注意动名词的复合结构;3. 分词短语作定语,状语和宾语补足语的结构和辨析。。
二. 技巧点拨
1.分析句子结构,判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语,如果句子不缺少谓语,那就是非谓语动词。
2.找逻辑主语,再判断与动词之间的关系
(1)非谓语动词作定语时,其逻辑主语是被修饰词;作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语;作补语时,其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
(2)如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词;如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。
但是当含有被动意义时,如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式;如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行,则用现在分词形式的被动式。
3.判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
(1)to have done,having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前;
(2)to be doing,doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
一. 动词不定式
1.(2024新课标I卷)The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days ________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.(2024新课标II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers.
3.(2024浙江1月卷)The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
4.(2023新课标I卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
5.(2023新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
6.(2022新课标I卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
7.(2022新课标II卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________(see) them.
8.(2022新课标II卷改编)He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how ________(thank) him.”
9.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________(continue) the practice.
10.(2022浙江卷)Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ________(do).
11.(2021新课标II卷)I decided to do something ________(educate) people about this problem.
12.(2021浙江卷)Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ________(plant) flowers in the front yard.
13.(2020·浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change)lives.
14.(2020浙江1月卷)Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected ________(increase)to 42 by 2050.
二. 动名词
1.(2020新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________(walk) through a rainforest.
考点三. 现在分词短语
1.(2024新课标II卷) ________(recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
2.(2022新课标I卷)________(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
3.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________(think)it is food.
4.(2023新课标II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
5.(2022新课标II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________(fall) child.
6.(2022浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ________(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ________(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
7(2021新课标I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________(ache) legs.
8.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
9.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time.
考点四. 过去分词短语
1.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
3.(2024新课标I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants.
4.(2023新课标I卷)Shanghai may be the ________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
5.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
6.(2021浙江卷1月)In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
7.(2021新课标I卷)But that’s how nature is —always leaving us ________(astonish).
8.(2020浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ________(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
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