专题04 非谓语动词-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）高考真题+1年模拟英语分类汇编（北京专用）

【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语 真题分类汇编（北京专用）原卷版 专题04 非谓语动词 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 非谓语动词的用法 （5年13考） 2024：___11___ (rest)：to rest; ___16___ (ask) :asked; ___19___ (knock): knocking 不定式: 1．不定式作的句法功能（目的状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语）； 2．不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型； 3. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。 动词ing: 1．动词ing作的句法功能； 2. 动词ing的各种形式及其意义。 过去分词: 1．过去分词作状语； 2．过去分词作定语； 3. 过去分词作宾补； 4. 过去分词与现在分词的辨析。 2023： 14 (see):seen; 19 (address): to address; 20 (face):facing 2022：____12____ (harm): to harm; __14____ (support): supported 2021：___18____(cause):caused ___19____(result) : resulting ____20____ (invest): to invest 2020：___5___(break): to break __8___(find)： found 1.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 2.【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 3.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 4.【2023北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 5.【2023北京卷】She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 6.【2022年北京卷】 Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 7.【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 8.【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 9.【2021年北京卷】From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. 10.【2021年北京卷】The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention. 11.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 12.【2020年北京卷】A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. Passage 01 【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast, Oksana Chusovitina, 17 (participate) in the Asiad women’s gymnastics qualification on Monday, thousands of spectators chanted for “Qiu Ma,” 18 translates to “Mother Chusovitina”. When her son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she adopted German citizenship to compete at global events for a higher income and 19 (good) medical treatment. Aften her son’s 20 (recover), Chusovitina continued her gymnastics journey out of sheer love for the sport． Passage 02 【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】Li-ion batteries store a lot of energy in a small amount of space. When that energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, it generates heat, 15 can transform certain internal battery components into burnable gases. Consumers should purchase batteries that are only listed by a nationally 16 (recognize) testing laboratory and stop using the device if the battery shows signs of damage, such as an unusual smell, excessive heat, popping sounds or change in color. Among all the places to charge these devices, 17 (safe) one is outdoors away from any structure and not in direct sunlight. Passage 03 【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched 15 years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, 17 they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. Passage 04 【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Imagine 15 (abandon) at the age of 6 by his poor parents! Charles Mulli was forced to become a street beggar in order to survive. Yet even in the midst of his poverty and despair, he still dreamed of being an important man someday. He 16 (labor) at many difficult jobs for the following several years. Mulli then saved money and bought a car. That was 17 he began using as a taxi and in time, he started a transportation service company with a fleet of vehicles. All of his hard work turned Mull into a millionaire and an important man. Passage 05 【2024年人大附中高三三模】Some university students carried out a campaign 14 they celebrated their whole day without cell phones This move was 15 (improve) their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majority of young people use their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 16 (try) to increase awareness about this problem. Passage 06 （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 18 (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 19 (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 20 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语 真题分类汇编（北京专用）解析版 专题04 非谓语动词 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 非谓语动词的用法 （5年13考） 2024：___11___ (rest)：to rest; ___16___ (ask) :asked; ___19___ (knock): knocking 不定式: 1．不定式作的句法功能（目的状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语）； 2．不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型； 3. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。 动词ing: 1．动词ing作的句法功能； 2. 动词ing的各种形式及其意义。 过去分词: 1．过去分词作状语； 2．过去分词作定语； 3. 过去分词作宾补； 4. 过去分词与现在分词的辨析。 2023： 14 (see):seen; 19 (address): to address; 20 (face):facing 2022：____12____ (harm): to harm; __14____ (support): supported 2021：___18____(cause):caused ___19____(result) : resulting ____20____ (invest): to invest 2020：___5___(break): to break __8___(find)： found 1.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 考查名词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词self-awareness，sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 2.【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). 【16题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 3.【2024北京卷】 Just then, some kids ran at him, ___19___ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 4.【2023北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 11． 【答案】seen 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 5.【2023北京卷】She called for action 19 (address)the struggles of people around the world 20 (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”. 19.【答案】to address 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 20.【答案】facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 6.【2022年北京卷】 Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. 12.【答案】 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 7.【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. 14. 【答案】supported 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 8.【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 9.【2021年北京卷】From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。 10.【2021年北京卷】The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention. 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。 11.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 【5题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。 12.【2020年北京卷】A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。 Passage 01 【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast, Oksana Chusovitina, 17 (participate) in the Asiad women’s gymnastics qualification on Monday, thousands of spectators chanted for “Qiu Ma,” 18 translates to “Mother Chusovitina”. When her son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she adopted German citizenship to compete at global events for a higher income and 19 (good) medical treatment. Aften her son’s 20 (recover), Chusovitina continued her gymnastics journey out of sheer love for the sport． 【答案】17．participated 18．which 19．better 20．recovery 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚运会女子体操资格赛的故事，她被称为“丘妈”。她曾为给儿子治病改德国国籍，儿子康复后她继续体操生涯。 17．考查时态。句意：本周一，当48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚洲女子体操资格赛时，数千名观众高呼“丘妈”，意为“丘索维金娜妈妈”。根据时间状语“on Monday”和下文的chanted可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填 participated。 18．考查定语从句。句意：本周一，当48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚洲女子体操资格赛时，数千名观众高呼“丘妈”，意为“丘索维金娜妈妈”。先行词为“Qiu Ma”，指物，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填 which。 19．考查形容词比较级。句意：2002年，当她的儿子被诊断出患有白血病时，她加入了德国国籍，以便参加国际赛事，以获得更高的收入和更好的医疗服务。根据空格前的“higher income”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，表示“更好的医疗治疗”。故填better。 20．考查名词。句意：在儿子康复后，出于对这项运动的热爱，丘索维金娜继续了她的体操之旅。根据空格前的名词所有格“her son’s”可知，此处应用名词形式作宾语，表示“康复”。故填 recovery。 Passage 02 【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】Li-ion batteries store a lot of energy in a small amount of space. When that energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, it generates heat, 15 can transform certain internal battery components into burnable gases. Consumers should purchase batteries that are only listed by a nationally 16 (recognize) testing laboratory and stop using the device if the battery shows signs of damage, such as an unusual smell, excessive heat, popping sounds or change in color. Among all the places to charge these devices, 17 (safe) one is outdoors away from any structure and not in direct sunlight. 【答案】15．which 16．recognized 17．the safest 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲锂电池能量储存多，不当释放有危害，使用充电需注意安全。 15．考查定语从句。句意：当能量以不受控制的方式释放时，它会产生热量，从而将某些内部电池组件转化为可燃气体。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子，从句缺少主语，故用which。故填which。 16．考查过去分词。句意：消费者应购买仅由国家认可的测试实验室列出的电池，如果电池出现损坏迹象，例如异常气味、过度发热、爆裂声或颜色变化，则应停止使用该设备。此处修饰testing laboratory，表示“被认可的”应用过去分词作定语。故填recognized。 17．考查形容词最高级。句意：在所有为这些设备充电的地方中，最安全的一个是在户外远离任何建筑物且不在直射阳光下。此处表示“最安全的”应用最高级the safest。故填the safest。 Passage 03 【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】A person’s memory is like a hall with many rooms, some visited frequently, others untouched 15 years. With age, sometimes, doors to certain memories become locked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys often come in the form of specific sensory inputs—something you see, smell, touch, taste, or hear. When a sensory input stimulates receptors, signals are sent along nerve cells to the brain, 17 they are processed and interpreted. The way our senses connect with our memories shows how complex our minds are. Knowing this helps us understand how our past affects how we see and act in the present. 【答案】15．for 16．to access 17．where 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人的记忆的存储的方式以及大脑是如何处理感觉信号。 15．考查介词。句意：一个人的记忆就像一个有很多房间的大厅，有些房间经常去，有些房间多年未动。此处使用介词for+一段时间表示“长达……之久”，用作时间状语。故填for。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着年龄的增长，有时某些记忆的门会被锁住，需要一把特殊的钥匙才能进入。此处表示目的，需用不定式。故填to access。 17．考查定语从句。句意：当感觉输入刺激受体时，信号会沿着神经细胞发送到大脑，在那里进行处理和解释。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是the brain，定语从句缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where。故填where。 Passage 04 【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Imagine 15 (abandon) at the age of 6 by his poor parents! Charles Mulli was forced to become a street beggar in order to survive. Yet even in the midst of his poverty and despair, he still dreamed of being an important man someday. He 16 (labor) at many difficult jobs for the following several years. Mulli then saved money and bought a car. That was 17 he began using as a taxi and in time, he started a transportation service company with a fleet of vehicles. All of his hard work turned Mull into a millionaire and an important man. 【答案】15．being abandoned 16．labored/laboured 17．what 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了查尔斯·穆里从小被父母抛弃，但是他努力工作，最终成为一个百万富翁和一个重要人物。 15．考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：想象一下，6岁就被可怜的父母抛弃了！分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词imagine，所以abandon用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：imagine doing意为“想象一下做什么”，由根据后文的by可知，此处应用被动语态，所以用动名词的被动语态。故填being abandoned。 16．考查动词时态。句意：在接下来的几年里，他做了许多艰苦的工作。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以labor作本句谓语，和主语he之间是主动关系，根据前后文可知，描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时。故填labored或者laboured。 17．考查表语从句。句意：这就是他开始使用的出租车，后来，他开了一家运输服务公司，拥有一支车队。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用what引导，指代“他使用的东西”。故填what。 Passage 05 【2024年人大附中高三三模】Some university students carried out a campaign 14 they celebrated their whole day without cell phones This move was 15 (improve) their relationships with their near and dear ones and to keep them away from the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majority of young people use their phones during lessons, over family meals or even at the cinema. The problem of phone addiction has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists 16 (try) to increase awareness about this problem. 【答案】14．where 15．to improve 16．trying 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了手机上瘾的现象，以及一些学生和专家为解决此问题所作的努力。 14．考查定语从句。句意：一些大学生开展了一项活动，他们在没有手机的情况下庆祝了一整天。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词campaign，指物，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 15．考查不定式。句意：这一举动是为了改善他们与亲人的关系，让他们远离虚拟生活。动词不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。故填to improve。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：手机上瘾的问题早在几年前就被发现了，专家和心理学家试图提高人们对这个问题的认识。分析可知，空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，逻辑主语experts and psychologists和try之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填trying。 Passage 06 （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 An elderly couple has become stars in the marathon community. 18 (win) at least 200 medals from sports meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as role models by many people. Initially, the couple started running just 19 (improve) their health. Later, they decided to challenge themselves and signed up for a marathon. Though neither of them had run a full marathon before, they managed to complete it. They believe no matter 20 age it is, the marathon spirit of fighting to the end is essential. 【答案】18．Having won 19．to improve 20．what 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了一对老夫妇成为了马拉松界的明星。在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。讲述了他们的跑步经历。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年中，他们在运动会中赢得了至少200枚奖牌，被许多人视为榜样。此处win在句中应用非谓语动词，且在谓语之前发生，用having done形式，首字母大写。故填Having won。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：最初，这对夫妇开始跑步只是为了改善他们的健康。此处improve在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to improve。 20．考查状语从句。句意：他们相信，无论年龄多大，拼搏到底的马拉松精神都是必不可少的。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用no matter what。故填what。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$