精品解析：上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题

null 建平中学2023学年第二学期期末教学质量检测 高一英语试卷 说明：（1）本场考试时间为120分钟，总分150分； （2）请认真答卷，并用规范文字书写。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. For 20 minutes. B. For 25 minutes. C. For 45 minutes. D. For 65 minutes. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: When does the next shuttle bus leave? W: You have just missed one by 20 minutes. We have a bus every 45 minutes, so you’ll have to wait for a while. Q: How long does the man need to wait for the next bus? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a bank. B. In a supermarket. C. At a tourist agency. D. At a laundry. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Good morning. May I help you? W: Yes, I’d like to cash these traveler’s checks first and then open a savings account. Q: Where does this conversation most likely take place? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. An office secretary. B. A head nurse. C. A real estate agent. D. A hotel receptionist. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】M: Do you have a single room with bath for tonight and tomorrow night? W: Just a moment, Sir... Sorry, we haven’t any singles left, I’m afraid. But we could let you have a double room for the same price. Q: What is the woman’s job? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It’s sunny and warm. B. It’s rainy and cold. C. It’s sunny but cold. D. It’s rainy but warm. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: I’m freezing! I thought it was supposed to get warmer today. W: Yeah, that’s what the weatherman said. It’s no fun standing out here, even if the sun is shining. Q: What can we learn about the weather? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They are twins. B. They are classmates. C. They are friends. D. They are colleagues. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: I often mistake Tim for Bob. Can you tell them apart? M: No, they look so much alike that they even confused their mother sometimes when they were young. Q: What is the possible relationship between Tim and Bob? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Reasonable. B. Bright. C. Serious. D. Ridiculous. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: I’m going to a party at Carol’s house. W: You can’t be serious. We’ve got two tests at school tomorrow. Q: How does the woman feel about the man's idea? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Send leaflets. B. Go sightseeing. C. Do some gardening. D. Visit a lawyer. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Where shall we go today then? M: Shall we try the Royal Garden, recommended in the leaflet? Q: What will the two speakers do next? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He had no idea where the book was. C. He didn’t get the book he needed. D. He didn’t have time to go to the library. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: Did you find the book for your reading assignment in the library? M: It closed before I got there. I had no idea that it closes so early on weekends. Q: What does the man mean? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The apartment was provided with some old furniture. B. The furnished apartment was not expensive. C. The furniture in the market was on sale every Sunday. D. The furniture he bought was rather cheap. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: You’ve got your apartment furnished, haven’t you? M: Yes. I bought some used furniture in the Sunday Market and it was a real bargain. Q: What does the man mean? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Internet surfing. B. Stock exchanging C. Mountain climbing. D. Job hunting. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Larry’s always checking share prices on the Internet these days. W: Yes, he’s always talking about which companies are on the way up, and which ones are on the way down. Q: What is Larry probably interested in according to the conversation? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Zero degrees Celsius. B. Minus fifteen degrees Celsius. C. Minus twenty degrees Celsius. D. Minus fifty degrees Celsius. 12. A. For up to one year. B. For twenty-four hours. C. For a few hours. D. For a few weeks. 13. A. After foods have been unfrozen, they can be frozen again. B. Whether the freezing process is fast has nothing to do with the taste of the food. C. To start the freezing process, it is important to lower the temperature to zero degrees Celsius. D. Generally, if frozen food is left unfrozen for more than twenty-four hours without being eaten, it must be thrown away. 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D 【解析】 【原文】Hello, everyone. Today we will talk about how to keep food fresh through freezing. We all know freezing can keep food fresh and safe to eat. The principle behind it is freezing lowers the food temperature below zero degrees Celsius. That is the point where water turns into ice. To start the freezing process, it is important to lower the temperature to between minus fifteen and minus twenty degrees Celsius as quickly as possible. Remember, the faster the freezing process, the fresher the taste of the food. Once the food is frozen, it should be placed in containers and then stored at a temperature of about minus twenty degrees Celsius. Most foods can be stored frozen for up to one year if kept properly. Most freezers operate on electricity although some work with kerosene and even solar energy as power sources. One problem is how to protect frozen food if the power suddenly stops. Generally, frozen food can be left unfrozen for twenty-four hours before it must either be eaten or thrown away. In hot climates, the amount of time may be only a few hours. Once foods have been unfrozen, they should not be frozen again. There is a danger of food poisoning if food is frozen more than once. Questions 1. What should the temperature of the container be once the food is frozen? 2. How long can most foods be stored frozen if kept well? 3. Which statement is true according to the passage? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. He was an anti-racist activist. B. He had been in prison for many years. C. He was the leader of the African National Congress. D. He won presidency in a fully representative democratic election. 15. A. The winning of the Nobel Peace Prize. B. The transition to multi-racial democracy in South Africa. C. The competition for the honorary title of Madiba. D. The negotiation between the African countries. 16. A. To be in memory of the death of Mandela. B. To celebrate Mandela’s being elected as President. C. To mark Mandela’s contribution to world freedom. D. To honor the multi-racial democracy in South Africa. 【答案】14. D 15. B 16. C 【解析】 【原文】Nelson Mandela was the first black President of his country South Africa. He was born on 18 July, 1918 and died on December 6, 2013. He served as President of South Africa from 1999. He was the country’s first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of the African National Congress’s armed wing. The South African courts convicted him on charges of sabotage, as well as other crimes committed while he led the movement against apartheid. In accordance with his conviction’s sentence, Mandela served 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela supported reconciliation and negotiation, and helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa. Since the end of apartheid, many have frequently praised Mandela, including former opponents. In South Africa he is often known as Madiba, an honorary title adopted by elders of Mandela’s clan. Mandela received more than 250 awards over four decades, most notably the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly announced that Mandela’s birthday, 18 July, is to be known as “Mandela Day” to mark his contribution to world freedom. And the whole world was in deep sorrow when Mandela passed away in 2013. Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. He gained international acclaim for his activism and was widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice. He is held in deep respect within South Africa and highly praised by people all over the world. Questions 14. What was so special about Mandela’s being elected as President of South Africa? 15. What was Mandela engaged in after he was released? 16. Why did the United Nations General Assembly announce July 18th as “Mandela Day”? 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Medicine. B. Education. C. World history. D. Foreign commerce. 18. A. Because she wants her daughter to be a doctor or a teacher. B. Because few people choose foreign commerce as their major nowadays. C. Because she has seen the bankruptcy of many big companies. D. Because the world is under economic crisis and commerce is no longer hot. 19. A. A life in which she can enjoy people’s respect. B. A life without stress and worry. C. A life in which she can foresee her future. D. A life full of different chances. 20. A. The world economy is hopefully on the way of recovery. B. The world economy is getting worse sooner or later. C. How the world economy will be is unpredictable. D. The world economy is actually not bad at all. 【答案】17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Hi, Kate. You don’t look quite yourself recently. What has happened to you? W: Nothing serious. My daughter is going to graduate from university next year. She majors in foreign commerce. I’m worried about what job she can find. M: Why? It is a hot major, isn’t it? China is in great need of this kind of talents. And your daughter is studying in such a famous university. She is sure to find a good job with her excellent education background. W: You know the world is under the economy crisis, commerce is not hot any more. I’d rather she majored in medicine or education and could become a doctor or a teacher. M: These sorts of work do provide a guarantee, but don’t you think they are too boring for young people? Every day is the same, the people around you are similar, and you will not have any chance to experience a new and active life style. W: I just cannot stop worrying about her. I’d rather she lived a peaceful life. M: Don’t worry, the world cannot go without economy even during this hard period. People have seen the bankruptcy of so many big companies. They need the talents to be more practical to foresee the crisis and prevent the world from it, but not to disappear. W: Oh, that is true, the foreign commercial talents are still in need, and the influenced companies need to stand up again. M: Yeah, trade with foreign countries is still necessary, and actually the world economy is showing a sign of recovering. W: Oh, I look forward to that day. I hope my daughter will have a sensible attitude about finding her job and start her career smoothly. M: She will, I believe. W: Thanks. Questions 17. What does the woman’s daughter major in? 18. Why does the woman worry about her daughter’s job after graduation? 19. What kind of life does the woman want her daughter to have? 20. What is the man’s opinion on the world economy? II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. 21. The name of the humble bread varies greatly ________ different areas of Britain, with some names ________ in German. A. across…originating B. throughout…originated C. across…originated D. with…originate 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：在英国不同的地区，这种不起眼的面包的名字差别很大，有些名字源于德国。第一空中表示“遍及英国不同的地区”可使用介词acorss或者throughout；第二空中构成with的复合结构，即with+宾语+宾补的结构，此处names与originate之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作宾补，即用originating。故选A。 22. ________ the authentic flavor, the team of the series hired four experts to check on detail on-site, from rituals to costumes to dialogue. A. Ensuring B. To ensure C. Ensured D. Having ensured 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保真实的风味，该系列的团队雇佣了四位专家现场检查细节，从仪式到服装到对话。根据句意，为了确保真实的风味，该系列的团队雇佣了四位专家现场检查细节，从仪式到服装到对话。因此推断ensure属于目的状语，用动词不定式作状语。故选B项。 23. The competition challenged young people ________ a new word of their own ________ they thought was missing from the English language. A. coming up with…/ B. to come up with…which C. coming up with…that D. to come up with…/ 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式和定语从句。句意：比赛要求年轻人想出一个他们认为英语中缺失的新词。come up with“想出，提出”，challenge sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，故第一空使用动词不定式；第二空引导定语从句，先行词是word，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词that或which引导，不可省略。故选B。 24. ________ employment and income are tied to eliminating unhappiness, the element that makes work satisfactory and meaningful is the service to others. A. While B. If C. Until D. Unless 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然就业和收入与消除不快乐联系在一起，但让工作令人满意和有意义的因素是对他人的服务。A. While虽然；B. If如果；C. Until直到；D. Unless除非。“employment and income are tied to eliminating unhappiness”表示“就业和收入与消除不快乐联系在一起”，侧重就业和收入的重要作用，“the element that makes work satisfactory and meaningful is the service to others”表示“让工作令人满意和有意义的因素是对他人的服务”，侧重对他人服务的重要作用，前后是让步的关系，因此应用While“虽然”引导让步状语从句。故选A。 25. A study of the carbon footprint of large AI models shows that training a single AI model could result in carbon emission five times ________ the average American car in its lifetime. A. what B. / C. that of D. as much 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：研究表明，训练一个大型人工智能模型可能产生的碳排放量是普通美国汽车在其整个使用寿命期间碳排放量的五倍。分析句意，横线处应该指代的是carbon emission，当表示特指某个事物，并且并不是同一个时，应该使用that来指代。故选C项。 26. Domestic horses require regular maintenance to prevent overgrowth of keratin(角蛋白), which, if ________, can cripple them. A leaves it unattended B. leaving unattended C. left unattended D. is left unattended 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：家马需要定期维护，以防止角蛋白的过度生长，如果被忽视，可能会导致它们残疾。这里需要一个非谓语动词形式来作状语，表示“如果被忽视”的状态。left unattended是过去分词短语，用来修饰前面的名词 keratin，表示角蛋白如果被忽视，可能会导致不良后果。故选C项。 27. The field of robotics ________ far less keen to investigate plants due to a misconception ________ plants are capable of neither motion nor perception. A. has proved…that B. has been proved…which C. has been proved…that D. has proved…which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和同位语从句。句意：由于一种误解，认为植物既没有运动能力，也没有感知能力，因此机器人领域对植物的研究远没有那么热情。分析句子以及结合选项可知，第一空时态可用现在完成时，表示动作对现在的影响，在这里prove为系动词，不用于被动语态；第二空考查同位语从句， plants are capable of neither motion nor perception进一步解释说明a misconception，且后面为完整句子，应用that引导。故选A项。 28. Equipped with better systems than the Liaoning and Shandong, not only ________ to launch heavier aircraft, but it can also increase their takeoff speed. A. does the Fujian aircraft carrier allow B. the Fujian aircraft carrier allows C. is the Fujian aircraft carrier allowed D. the Fujian aircraft carrier is allowed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：福建航空母舰配备了比辽宁舰和山东舰更好的系统，不仅可以发射更重的飞机，还可以提高起飞速度。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的主谓部分，根据句意应使用被动语态，因前面有否定词not，此处应使用部分倒装句，把助动词is放在主语the Fujian aircraft carrier前面，故选C项。 29. The 28th Shanghai TV Festival, to be held from June 19 to 23, will be ________ to include a variety of events, including exhibitions, a TV market and forums, through which overseas buyers may tap into original Chinese productions, giving them global exposure. A. employed B. recognized C. programmed D. displayed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第28届上海电视节将于6月19日至23日举行，届时将举办展览、电视市场和论坛等各种活动，海外买家可以通过这些活动了解中国原创作品，从而使它们获得全球曝光度。A. employed雇佣；B. recognized认出，认可；C. programmed安排，计划；D. displayed展示。根据“including exhibitions, a TV market and forums,”可知，此处指计划好了一系列活动。故选C。 30. The Chinese saying “treating only the head for headache and only the feet for a foot sore,” is a criticism of any ________ that fails to identify the root cause of a problem and is thus fundamentally unable to solve it. A. approach B. consequence C. recreation D. postponement 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国有句谚语“头痛只治头，脚痛只治脚”，这是对任何不能找出问题根源的方法的批评，因此从根本上无法解决问题。A. approach方法；B. consequence 结果；C. recreation娱乐；D. postponement延期。根据空格前“头痛只治头，脚痛只治脚”是一种方法。故选A。 31. By the end of his writing career, Isaac Newton was ________ with producing more than 500 books on a wide range of subjects, reaching out not only to galaxies but also the distant past. A. flooded B. credited C. impressed D. engaged 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在写作生涯结束时，艾萨克·牛顿因撰写了超过500本涉及广泛主题的书籍而受到赞誉，这些书籍不仅涉及银河系，还触及了遥远的过去。A. flooded泛滥；B. credited受到称赞；C. impressed印象深刻；D. engaged从事。credited with表示“因……而受到赞誉”，符合句意。其余选项均不符合句意。故选B项。 32. Some studies suggest that children in mildly unhappy, low-conflict, first-marriage families are better off if the parents ________ till the kids are grown. A. try it on B. hang it up C. take it off D. tough it out 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一些研究表明，如果父母能坚持到孩子长大，那么在轻度不快乐、冲突少的初婚家庭中，孩子的日子会过得更好。A. try it on试穿；B. hang it up挂断；C. take it off脱下；D. tough it out坚持到底。根据空格前“children in mildly unhappy, low-conflict, first-marriage families”可知，此处指的是父母坚持到底。故选D。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fascinating Culture of the Miao People The Miao ethnicity of China has a long history, rich culture, and an ancient folk religion. ____33____ (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Throughout history, the Miao people were constantly migrating, always on the move. In more modern times, part of the Miao people gradually settled down in southeast Asian countries. Today, the Miao people in China ____34____ (concentrate) in eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in southwest and south-central China, ____35____Guizhou Province has the largest population. The Miao people have lived the lush vegetation of the mountains and river for generations. The Miaoling Mountains located in Guizhou Province are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital of Qiandongnan, is known as the Pearl of Miaoling Mountains. Just 10 kilometers from the city center, the ____36____ (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs through the valley by the city. On the cliffs of the peaks on either side of the river ____37____ (sit) a cluster of Miao villages, scattered like pearls. The people who live in the ancient villages are sincere kind, hospitable, and honest. ____38____ a tourist ever get lost, there were no need to worry. All that needs to do is just call out in a loud voice outside any courtyard, “Is anyone home? I’m lost.” A wooden window would open instantly and an elderly person would stick the head out, describing ____39____ the tourist should head in simple, basic Putonghua. The fantastically colored rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge of the village path. The ripe rice is bent over____40____ they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life. After the harvest is done, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting ____41____ (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living off the land is a way of life that Miao families have handed down to their descendants for generations, and today the Miao people still maintain their traditional way of life and work _____42_____ the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages. 【答案】33. Decorated 34. are concentrated 35. among which##of which 36. winding 37. sits 38. Should 39. where 40. as if##as though 41. to be handled 42. despite 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国苗族悠久的历史、丰富的文化和古老的民间宗教，以及他们独特的服饰、建筑和生活方式。 【33题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们穿着漂亮的传统服装，居住在独特设计的建筑中。“_____ (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes”作伴随状语，decorate(装饰)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填Decorated。 【34题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。concentrate(使……集中或聚集)是谓语动词，与主语the Miao people之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Today可知，描述当前状态，用一般现在时态，名词people作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are concentrated。 【35题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。“_____ Guizhou Province has the largest population”是定语从句，修饰先行词“eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作状语，表示“在八个省、自治区和城市中”，可用“介词among/of+关系代词which”引导该从句。故填among/of which。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：离市中心仅10公里，蜿蜒清澈的巴拉河穿过城市的山谷。提示词修饰名词Bala River，用同根形容词winding作定语，意为“曲折的，蜿蜒的”。故填winding。 【37题详解】 考查倒装句型、时态和主谓一致。句意：在河流两岸的山峰悬崖上，散落着一簇簇苗族村寨，像珍珠一样。本句是倒装句型，主语是a cluster of Miao villages，sit(坐落在)是谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，结合句意，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因“a cluster of+名词”作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常使用单数形式。故填sits。 【38题详解】 考查固定句型和虚拟语气。句意：如果游客迷路了，也不用担心。根据句意，“_____ a tourist ever get lost”是虚拟条件状语从句，原句为“If a tourist should ever get lost”，在虚拟条件句中，如果有助动词should，可省略连词if，并将should置于从句句首；句首单词首字母大写。故填Should。 【39题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：一扇木窗会立刻打开，一位老人会把头伸出来，用简单、基本的普通话描述游客应该去哪里。“_____ the tourist should head”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“游客应该去哪里”，用应连接副词where引导该从句，并在句中作地点状语。故填where。 【40题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：成熟的稻子弯下了腰，好像在对大地赐予它生命表示感谢。根据句意，“_____ they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life”是方式状语从句，表示“好像……”，用连词as if或者as though引导该从句。故填as if/though。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：收割完毕后，稻子被整齐地捆扎起来，排列好，等待更好的处理。wait to do固定搭配，用不定式作宾语，又因handle与其逻辑主语rice之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be handled作宾语。故填to be handled。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：如今，苗族人仍然保持着他们的传统生活方式和工作方式，尽管有成群的游客穿过他们的村庄。根据句意，“_____ the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages”是让步状语，表示“尽管”，用介词despite构成介词短语作状语。故填despite。 Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are three words more than you need. A. aimed B. characterized C. connection D. decline E. emerging F. objective G. previously H. randomly I. revealed J. promising K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive ____43____. “The ____44____ field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions ____45____ at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a ____46____ path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis ____47____ two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____48____ been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is ____49____ by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more ____50____ analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the ____51____ between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted _____52_____ to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. 【答案】43. D 44. E 45. A 46. J 47. I 48. G 49. B 50. F 51. C 52. H 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了大脑衰老与食物之间关系的研究。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是，尽管人们对饮食如何加速大脑衰老进行了广泛的研究，但人们对预防认知能力下降的食物知之甚少。根据前文“We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging”说明的是肠胃和大脑紧密联系，且研究了饮食如何加速大脑衰老，所以此处指的是预防认知能力下降。设空处作prevent宾语，decline，作为名词，意为“下降”符合句意，为不可数名词。故选D。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：“营养认知神经科学这一新兴领域揭示了在整个生命周期中促进大脑健康的特定食物和营养素，”内布拉斯加州大学林肯分校大脑、生物学和行为中心主任阿隆·巴贝告诉《新闻周刊》。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据常识可知“field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience”为新兴学科。emerging意为“新兴的”符合句意。故选E。 【45题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：“这项工作的核心是发现可用于旨在增强大脑健康的营养干预的营养概况。”过去分词短语aimed at意为“旨在，目的是”符合句意；此处指的是旨在增强大脑健康。故选A。 【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在《自然衰老》杂志上发表的一项新研究中，Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分，为设计营养干预措施促进健康的大脑衰老提供了一条有希望的途径。空格处位于名词之前修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词；根据前文“Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65 (Barbey、Jisheng Wu和Christopher Zwilling利用最先进的技术建立了一套与65岁以上成年人更好的认知表现相关的特定营养成分)”可知，此处是提供了有希望的途径。形容词promising意为“有前途的，有希望的”符合句意，在句中作定语。故选J。 【47题详解】 考查动词以及时态。句意：分析显示，参与者的大脑衰老有两种类型：比预期的更快和更慢。根据空格后“比预期的更快和更慢”可知，此处指的是揭示了两种情况，reveal意为“揭示”符合句意；在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选I。 【48题详解】 考查副词。句意：研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。空格处位于动词之前，因此需要填入副词，根据空格前“这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关”，可知，此处指的是地中海饮食曾经被认为与健康的大脑有关。previously意为“先前地”为副词，符合句意，在句中作状语。故选G。 【49题详解】 考查动词以及被动语态。句意：地中海饮食的特点是饮食中富含全谷物、水果、蔬菜和橄榄油，适量摄入奶酪和鱼类，少量摄入红肉和加工肉。根据空格后“a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat”可知，此处指的是地中海饮食的特点。characterize“成为……特征”；主语The Mediterranean diet与动词characterize之间为被动关系，空格前有be动词，所以用过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：本研究对这些关联提供了更客观的分析。空格处位于名词之前，修饰名词，所以需要填入形容词。根据前文“The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____6____ been associated with healthy brain aging. (研究人员说，这种营养状况与地中海饮食中的营养物质密切相关，地中海饮食曾被认为与健康的大脑衰老有关。)”可知，此处指的是客观的研究，形容词objective意为“客观的”，符合句意。故选F。 【51题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说:“首先，这是使用基于血液的生物标志物来调查饮食和大脑健康之间关系的规模最大、最全面的研究之一。”设空处在句中作宾语，根据上文“This study provides a more ____8____ analysis of these associations.”可知，此处指的是饮食和大脑之间的联系。名词connection意为“联系”，符合句意。故选C。 【52题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。像这样的观察性研究之后，需要随机进行对照试验，以确认所确定的营养成分在促进大脑健康方面的有效性。空格处修饰动词，所以要用副词；根据空格前“而，Barbey指出，需要进一步的研究来证实这些结果。”可知，此处需要随机进行对照试验。randomly意为“随机地”，符合句意。故选H。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Deepfake Are Deeply Troubling A recent video on the internet has Coco Lee, who died last year, talking to her fans and saying, “From the moment I left this world, I can always feel your endless love and support.” The video looked ____53____, but it was a “deepfake” created by AI. AI has ____54____ to the point where it has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t. These types of deepfakes are now all over the internet where we see people, usually celebrities and politicians, saying things which they didn’t really say. One “deepfake” has Taylor Swift ____55____ a brand of cookware. Some “creative” person used AI to manipulate (操控) her image and ____56____ to make it appear that she were speaking for the product. But there is a more ____57____ trend in deepfakes that has become more prevalent (普遍的). As with the Coco Lee deepfake, there are people using AI to “resurrect (复活)” their lost loved ones and ____58____ them. In one recent high-profile case you’re probably aware of, the famous musician Bao Xiaobo used AI to “resurrect” his daughter, who died at the age of twenty-two. With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions. Though he knew it was fake, he didn’t ____59____because he missed her very much. The ____60____ consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious. It may cause a person to live in a fantasy world instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving and ____61____ with his or her life. _____62_____, there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes which has yet to be thoroughly considered. Can a dead person’s image be manipulated to say things which they didn’t say and wouldn’t have said if they were _____63_____? Can a person’s image be copyrighted to prevent this from happening? These are some of the questions that _____64_____ will have to consider, and courts will have to decide. In 1931, the British author Aldous Huxley wrote a novel called Brave New World, which was about a future _____65_____ by technology. In many ways we are living in this “Brave New World” and are _____66_____ our “humanity” with all its faults, virtues and limitations. I’m sorry that Coco Lee is gone, and I’m sorry that Tino Bao’s daughter is gone, but grieving is a part of life, and grief, as they say, is the _____67_____for love. 53. A. interesting B. affectionate C. joyful D. authentic 54. A. sweated B. certified C. progressed D. reacted 55. A. crafting B. promoting C. sampling D. releasing 56. A. identity B. weight C. mind D. voice 57. A. disturbing B. outstanding C. struggling D. entertaining 58. A. look after B. bring up C. interact with D. benefit from 59. A. regret B. admit C. participate D. care 60. A. ethical B. psychological C. imaginary D. financial 61. A. putting up B. coming down C. moving on D. ending up 62. A. Relatively B. Consequently C. Likely D. Additionally 63. A. conscious B. alive C. present D. mindful 64. A. scientists B. creators C. applicants D. lawmakers 65. A. threatened B. innovated C. inhabited D. dominated 66. A. bombarding B. modifying C. losing D. replacing 67. A. signal B. price C. mission D. foundation 【答案】53. D 54. C 55. B 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. B 64. D 65. D 66. C 67. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讨论了深度伪造（deepfake）技术的发展及其带来的问题，包括伦理、心理、法律等多个层面的影响。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：视频看起来像真的，但它是由人工智能创造的深度伪造。A. interesting有趣的；B. affectionate表示关爱的；C. joyful快乐的；D. authentic真实的。根据下文“but it was a “deepfake” created by AI”可知，这是AI制作的假视频，由表示转折的but可知，上文中视频看起来像是真的，故选D项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人工智能已经进步到了很难区分真假的地步。A. sweated出汗；B. certified认证；C. progressed进步；D. reacted反应。根据下文“has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t”可知，现在人们已经很难分辨AI的真假了，这说明AI技术取得了很大进步，故选C项。 【55题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个深度伪造视频显示泰勒·斯威夫特正在推广一个炊具品牌。A. crafting制作；B. promoting推广；C. sampling品尝；D. releasing释放。根据下文“make it appear that she were speaking for the product”可知，让名人为自己的产品发声，这是在推广产品，故选B项。 【56题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些创意人士使用人工智能操纵她的形象和声音，使她看起来像是在为该产品发言。A. identity身份；B. weight重量；C. mind思想；D. voice声音。根据上文“saying things which they didn’t really say”可知，这是操纵她的声音，故选D项。 【57题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是深度伪造中有一个更令人不安的趋势，这种趋势变得越来越普遍。A. disturbing令人不安的；B. outstanding杰出的；C. struggling挣扎的；D. entertaining娱乐的。根据下文“resurrect their lost loved ones”和上下文对深度伪造的负面描述，AI可以使用死去的人的形象，可知趋势是令人不安的，故选A项。 【58题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：就像李玟的深度伪造一样，有人使用人工智能复活他们失去的亲人并与他们互动。A. look after照顾；B. bring up提出；C. interact with与……互动；D. benefit from从……获益。根据下文“With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions.”可知，此处指与人工智能复活的亲人互动。故选C项。 【59题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他知道这是假的，但他并不在意，因为他非常想念她。A. regret后悔；B. admit承认；C. participate参与；D. care关心，在意。根据上下文“Though he knew it was fake”和“he missed her very much”可知，尽管他知道这是假的，但是他非常想念女儿，这让他不介意这是假的。故选D项。 【60题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不放手亲人的心理后果可能很严重。A. ethical道德的；B. psychological心理的；C. imaginary想象的；D. financial财政的，金融的。根据下文“instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving”可知，人们会沉溺于虚幻的世界，而不是接受健康的心理疗愈过程，这是心理问题，故选B项。 【61题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这可能导致一个人生活在幻想世界中，而不是接受健康和必要的悲伤过程，并继续他或她的生活。A. putting up举起；B. coming down崩塌，降落；C. moving on前进；D. ending up结束。根据上下文“instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving”可知，作者认为这会导致人们生活在幻想世界，而不是接受健康和必要的悲伤过程，然后继续自己的生活，故选C项。 【62题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，人工智能深度伪造还有一个法律层面，这个层面尚未得到充分考虑。A. Relatively相对地；B. Consequently因此；C. Likely可能地；D. Additionally此外。根据上文“ The ___8___ consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious.”以及空后“there is a legal aspect”提出的法律问题，可知是进一步补充说明深度伪造的问题，故选D项。 【63题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个已故人士的形象可以被操纵说出他们从未说过的以及如果他们活着也不会说的话吗？A. conscious有意识的；B. alive活着的；C. present在场的；D. mindful留意的。根据上下文“Can a dead person’s image be manipulated”以及“if they were”可知，这个句子使用了虚拟语气，表示假如他们活着。故选B项。 【64题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些都是立法者必须考虑的问题，法院将必须做出决定。A. scientists科学家；B. creators创造者；C. applicants申请人；D. lawmakers立法者。根据上文“there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes”以及下文“courts will have to decide”可知，此处指这是立法者需要考虑的问题。故选D项。 65题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1931年，英国作家奥尔德斯·赫胥黎写了一本名为《美丽新世界》的小说，这是关于一个由技术支配的未来世界。A. threatened威胁；B. innovated创新；C. inhabited居住；D. dominated支配。根据上文所讲述的人工智能技术以及下文“by technology”可知，此处指被技术支配的未来世界。故选D项。 【66题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在很多方面，我们正生活在这个美丽新世界中，并且正在失去我们的人性，包括它的所有缺点、美德和局限性。A. bombarding轰炸；B. modifying修改；C. losing失去；D. replacing取代。根据上下文“our humanity with all its faults, virtues and limitations”可知，科技是没有人性的，也没有感情，作者认为科技主导的世界是在失去人性，故选C项。 【67题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很遗憾李玟已经走了，我很遗憾包小柏的女儿已经走了，但悲伤是生活的一部分，正如他们所说，悲伤是爱的代价。A. signal信号；B. price代价；C. mission使命；D. foundation基础。根据上下文“but grieving is a part of life”以及常识可知，悲伤是生命的一部分，是每个人都会经历的事情，因为爱，失去后才会悲伤，这说明悲伤是爱的某种结果或代价，故选B项。 Taking A Vacation Could Help You Live Longer Thinking about skipping vacation days? Don’t. One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life. And if you think your spin classes (动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for ____68____ your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life, think again. An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t ____69____ working too hard and not taking your holidays, University of Helsinki professor Timo Strandberg said Tuesday at the annual European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress. “____70____ can be a good way to relieve stress.” The new findings are a part of the Helsinki Businessmen Study, research that for decades has ____71____ 1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934. Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, ____72____, or had high blood pressure. The research, which began in the 1960s, ____73____ into a longitudinal (纵向的) study and was extended through 2014, focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the ____74____ in old age. For the study, the men were split into two groups. In one control group, men lived their lives as they ____75____ did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) ____76____ group, were given advice on how to improve their health. These men were asked to exercise, improve their diets, reach a healthy weight or stop smoking. At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations _____77_____, the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to _____78_____? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation. While _____79_____, this new research won’t likely impact most Americans’ vacation habits. Most American workers don’t get that many paid days to begin with. Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t _____80_____ it. Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family _____81_____. Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days _____82_____. 68. A. extending B. postponing C. planning D. locating 69. A. apply for B. sort out C. compensate for D. soak up 70. A. Vacations B. Work-outs C. Outlets D. Adventures 71. A. qualified B. counted C. motivated D. followed 72. A. mood B. gender C. obesity D. diet 73. A. halved B. fell C. evolved D. looked 74. A. perception B. status C. ambition D. well-being 75. A. eventually B. usually C. individually D. attentively 76. A. intervention B. selection C. witness D. supervision 77. A. added up B. faded away C. stood out D. fell short 78. A. emerge B. blame C. escape D. rescue 79. A. dramatic B. ideal C. awkward D. delicate 80. A. exclude B. afford C. involve D. stretch 81. A. operations B. versions C. obligations D. generations 82. A. over B. in C. down D. off 【答案】68. B 69. C 70. A 71. D 72. C 73. C 74. D 75. B 76. A 77. D 78. B 79. A 80. B 81. C 82. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最长的跟踪研究之一发现，度假实际上可以延长人的寿命。 【68题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你认为你的动感单车课程和干净的饮食可以弥补你推迟的梦想游轮之旅，把你从拥挤的、艰难的驾驶生活中拯救出来，那你再想想吧。A. extending延伸，扩展；B. postponing推迟；C. planning计划；D. locating确定……的位置。根据语境和前文“And if you think your spin classes(动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for”以及后文“your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life”可知，此处是指如果你认为你的动感单车课程和干净的饮食可以弥补你推迟的梦想游轮之旅，把你从拥挤的、艰难的驾驶生活中拯救出来。故选B项。 【69题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：本周二，赫尔辛基大学教授蒂莫·斯特兰德伯格在欧洲心脏病学会年度大会上说，改善的、健康的生活方式并不能弥补工作过度和不休假的损失。A. apply for申请；B. sort out分类；C. compensate for弥补；D. soak up吸收。根据语境和前文“An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t”和后文“working too hard and not taking your holidays”以及“____3____ can be a good way to relieve stress.”可知，缓解压力的好方法是其他方法，由此推知，此处是指改善的、健康的生活方式并不能弥补工作过度和不休假的损失。故选C项。 【70题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：度假是缓解压力的好方法。A. Vacations度假；B. Work-outs锻炼；C. Outlets出口，经销店；D. Adventures冒险。根据语境和前文“One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life.”可知，世界上最长的跟踪研究之一发现，度假实际上可以延长你的寿命，由此推知，度假是缓解压力的好方法。故选A项。 【71题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些新发现是赫尔辛基商人研究的一部分，该研究对1222名出生于1919年至1934年之间的男性高管进行了数十年的跟踪调查。A. qualified取得资格；B. counted数数；C. motivated激励；D. followed跟踪。根据常识和前文“research that for decades has”以及后文“1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934”可知，此处是指该研究对1222名出生于1919年至1934年之间的男性高管进行了数十年的跟踪调查。故选D项。 【72题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都至少有一个心脏病的危险因素，例如，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压。A. mood情绪；B. gender性别；C. obesity肥胖；D. diet饮食。根据语境和前文“one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking”以及后文“or had high blood pressure”可知，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压都属于心脏病的危险因素。故选C项。 【73题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年，部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。A. halved减半；B. fell降落，减少；C. evolved演变；D. looked看。根据语境和前文“The research, which began in the 1960s”以及后文“into a longitudinal(纵向的) study and was extended through 2014”可知，此处是指这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年。故选C项。 【74题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项研究始于20世纪60年代，后来演变成一项纵向研究，并持续到2014年，部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。A. perception感知；B. status地位，身份；C. ambition抱负；D. well-being健康。根据语境和前文“Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, ____5____, or had high blood pressure.”和“focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the”可知，每个人都至少有一个心脏病的危险因素，例如，吸烟，肥胖，或有高血压，由此推知，此处是指部分重点关注中年风险因素如何影响老年人的健康。故选D项。 【75题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个对照组中，男性过着他们平常的生活，不与研究人员见面。A. eventually最终；B. usually通常；C. individually单独地；D. attentively专心地；根据语境和前文“In one control group, men lived their lives as they”与后文“did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) ____9____group, were given advice on how to improve their health.”可知，另一个组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议，由此推知，在对照组中，男性过着他们平常的生活，不与研究人员见面。故选B项。 【76题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一组，即干预组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议。A. intervention干预；B. selection选择；C. witness目击者；D. supervision监督。根据语境和后文“were given advice on how to improve their health.”可知，另一组的男性被给一些如何改善他们的健康的建议，这一组为干预组。故选A项。 【77题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在这项长达15年的研究中，斯特兰德伯格发现，如果他们的假期不够长，那些改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%。A. added up加起来；B. faded away逐渐消失；C. stood out显眼，突出；D. fell short不足，不够。根据语境和前文“Strandberg found that if their vacations”以及后文“the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate”可知，斯特兰德伯格在研究中发现，如果他们的假期不够长，那些改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%。故选D项。 【78题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是什么原因呢? A. emerge出现；B. blame 责备，把……归咎于；C. escape逃跑；D. rescue援救。根据语境和前文“the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate”以及后文“Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation.”可知，工作太辛苦，睡眠不足，假期不够，这些是改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%的原因，由此推知，此处是指这是什么原因呢?故选B项。 【79题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项新研究虽然引人注目，但不太可能影响大多数美国人的度假习惯。A. dramatic引人注目的；B. ideal理想的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. delicate精致的。根据语境和前文“At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations ____10____, the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to ____11____? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation.”可知，工作太辛苦，睡眠不足，假期不够，这些是改善了生活方式的男性的死亡率要高出37%的原因，由此推知，这项新研究的结果是引人注目的。故选A项。 【80题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使他们有时间，许多员工也觉得他们负担不起度假的费用。A. exclude排除；B. afford买得起，负担得起；C. involve使卷入；D. stretch延伸。根据语境和前文“Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t”以及后文“it”可知，此处是指即使他们有时间，许多员工也觉得他们负担不起度假的费用。故选B项。 【81题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国人推迟了度假，因为他们觉得有太多的工作要做，有太多的家庭责任。A. operations运营；运作；B. versions版本；C. obligations义务，责任；D. generations世代。根据常识和前文“Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family”可知，此处是指美国人推迟了度假，因为他们觉得有太多的工作要做，有太多的家庭责任。故选C项。 【82题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：鉴于专家们发现度假可以帮助你在重返工作岗位时更有效率，也许是时候提出请几天假的请求了。A. over在上方；B. in在里头；C. down朝下，向下；D. off不工作，休息。根据语境和前文“Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days”可知，此处是指鉴于专家们发现度假可以帮助你在重返工作岗位时更有效率，也许是时候提出请几天假的请求了。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970 when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 83. According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A. His father’s old age and poor health. B. His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C. His dream of traveling with his father again. D. His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 84. What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A. They passed through three countries in ten days. B. The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C. It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D. It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 85. According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A. A hopeless patient. B. An adventurous climber. C. A responsible father. D. An appreciative photographer. 86. What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A. It was never too late to accompany his father. B. He and his father changed with time passing by. C. Everything changes with time except the mountains. D. The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. 【答案】83. B 84. C 85. B 86. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带着74岁的父亲去攀登勃朗峰的故事。 【83题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ ‘Old age doesn’t come alone,’ he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. (他回答说：“衰老不是独自来的。”他的意思是说，最近一次危及生命的中风导致了记忆力丧失。然而，在被遗忘已久的足迹中唤起记忆似乎是正确的事情。我们订了机票，四个月后，我们到达了法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰。)”可知，是父亲的中风导致记忆力丧失，促使作者带着父亲去法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰远足。故选B。 【84题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. (那已经是他一生的一半了。然而，我们却在这里，肩并肩地绕着勃朗峰前进，用我们的手指沿着一条看不见的路线，越过他很久以前征服过的那些险峻的山峰。我一直认为是对山脉的痴迷，现在却变成了一种我从来不知道我们之间存在的纽带。)”之前作者认为父亲爬山是对山脉的痴迷，而现在变成了他们之间的纽带，可知，作者的这次经历改变了对父亲爱好的认识。故选C。 【85题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. (到周末的时候，我感觉到我们可能已经完成了我们都认为不可能完成的事情。我们向夏蒙尼山谷上方的布雷文森峰进行了最后的冲刺。我们爬上了一个狭窄的石头世界，与勃朗峰正面相遇。)”作者与父亲完成了不可能的事情，到达了山峰。可知，作者的父亲是勇于冒险的攀登者。故选B。 【86题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. (为了捕捉这一刻，我拍了一张照片，但直到那时我才意识到，这张照片的构图与我第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的。那是微笑，那双眼睛盯着地平线，美丽的阿尔卑斯山脉勃朗峰衬托着背景。有那么一瞬间，一切似乎都没有改变。)”作者觉得一切似乎是没有改变的，与第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的，可知，作者父亲对登山的热爱仍未改变。故选D。 (B) Is Light Dairy Better? There are always two choices on the shelf when we reach for the milk, cheese or yoghurt: normal or light. Less fat is better, right? But what about the goodness that can be found in dairy — Is it all there in the reduced-fat version? Five experts from various fields were asked if light dairy products were better for our health. Here are their detailed responses. Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. Consumption of saturated fat raises cholesterol (胆固醇) levels in the blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. So reducing saturated fat intake can assist in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Malcolm Riley, Epidemiologist Light dairy products are great for people who want to lower their fat intake. They contain most of the nutritional benefits that can be found in full-fat dairy foods, despite containing 25 percent to 100 percent less fat than their regular dairy food equivalents. However, it is important to note that light dairy foods may be higher in some other nutrients, such as sugar. It always pays to read the nutrition tag and the ingredients list carefully. Nicholas Fuller, Obesity Researcher Both full-fat and low-fat dairy foods have the same benefits for our heart health. The most important thing is that a person includes dairy products in their diet, or suitable dairy-free alternatives that are calcium-enriched (富含钙质的), such as soy. Until we know for sure the effect of full-fat versus low-fat dairy on our weight and waistlines, people should stick with low-fat products as part of their daily eating plan. Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist A recent study which followed people for 22 years found no negative link between heart health and dairy consumption — whether it is full-fat or low-fat dairy. So currently the evidence suggests that light dairy makes no difference in terms of our risk of heart disease and early death. For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success. Robyn Delbridge, Dietitian Light dairy foods are not necessarily better than full-fat dairy foods. Overall, evidence supports the conclusion that dairy foods, regardless of fat content, involve a low risk of the potential harmful effects of high blood pressure. Fermented (发酵的) dairy such as yoghurt and cheese may be beneficial for heart health. The choice of full-fat versus that of low-fat foods should be made based on your whole diet pattern. 87. According to the article, ________ out of the five experts believed that light dairy products were better for our health. A. one B. two C. three D. four 88. According to the article, ________ and ________ hold contrary opinions about the relationship between dairy products and heart health. A. Caryl Nowson ... Nicholas Fuller B. Nicholas Fuller ... Robyn Delbridge C. Caryl Nowson ... Evangeline Mantzioris D. Malcolm Riley ... Evangeline Mantzioris 89. What can we infer from the article? A. Nicholas Fuller recommended that we eat more soy than dairy. B. Evangeline Mantzioris suggested that dieters stay away from full-fat foods. C. Robyn Delbridge believed that people cannot benefit from full-fat products. D. Malcolm Riley believed that all kinds of low-fat dairy products could help people stay fit. 【答案】87. B 88. C 89. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就轻乳制品是否对我们的健康更好让来自不同领域的五位专家陈述自己观点。 【87题详解】 细节理解题。由Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist中“Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. (从全脂乳制品转向低脂乳制品可以减少能量摄入，从而防止体重增加并减少饱和脂肪摄入。)”以及Malcolm Riley, Epidemiologist中“Light dairy products are great for people who want to lower their fat intake. They contain most of the nutritional benefits that can be found in full-fat dairy foods, despite containing 25 percent to 100 percent less fat than their regular dairy food equivalents. However, it is important to note that light dairy foods may be higher in some other nutrients, such as sugar. It always pays to read the nutrition tag and the ingredients list carefully.(轻质乳制品非常适合那些想减少脂肪摄入的人。它们含有全脂乳制品中的大部分营养价值，尽管其脂肪含量比普通乳制品低25%至100%。然而，值得注意的是，轻质乳制品可能含有更多的其他营养素，如糖。仔细阅读营养标签和配料表总是值得的。)”以及其他第三个专家内容可知，只有Caryl Nowson和Malcolm Riley相信轻质乳制品对我们的健康更好。故选B项。 【88题详解】 细节理解题。由Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist中“Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. Consumption of saturated fat raises cholesterol (胆固醇) levels in the blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. So reducing saturated fat intake can assist in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.(从全脂乳制品转向低脂乳制品可以减少能量摄入，从而防止体重增加并减少饱和脂肪摄入。摄入饱和脂肪会提高血液中的胆固醇水平，从而增加患心脏病的风险。因此，减少饱和脂肪的摄入有助于降低患心脏病和中风的风险。)”和Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist中“A recent study which followed people for 22 years found no negative link between heart health and dairy consumption — whether it is full-fat or low-fat dairy. So currently the evidence suggests that light dairy makes no difference in terms of our risk of heart disease and early death. For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success.(最近一项对人们进行了22年跟踪调查的研究发现，心脏健康与乳制品消费之间没有负面联系，无论是全脂还是低脂乳制品。因此，目前的证据表明，轻度乳制品对我们患心脏病和早逝的风险没有影响。对于那些试图控制体重的人来说，能量摄入的差异可能会对他们的成功产生重大影响。)”可知，Caryl Nowson与Evangeline Mantzioris对乳制品与心脏健康的关系持相反意见。故选C项。 【89题详解】 推理判断题。由Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist中“For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success.(对于那些试图控制体重的人来说，能量摄入的差异可能会对他们的成功产生重大影响。)”可知，Evangeline Mantzoris建议节食者远离全脂食物。故选B项。 (C) “The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog to global climate change, from …. The list would largely be accurate, the concern reasonable. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad. After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable. Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very intelligent. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason, prices for energy and for minerals have virtually fallen during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate (波动), in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards. It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this sound trend begins to stumble (受挫), and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it. 90. According to the author, why would most students tear the test paper apart? A. Because they find it challenging to answer the examination topic. B. Because they maintain that the environment of the world is better than expected. C. Because they feel the topic is against their knowledge of today’s environmental problems. D. Because they have no idea about the current situation of global environment. 91. It can be inferred from the passage that the huge increase in world output and population ________ A. has made the world a dangerous place to live in. B. has significantly affected the environment. C. has made the environment of poor nations unsolvable. D. has played a minor role in affecting the environment. 92. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. There are few alternatives to raw materials in the world. B. The long-term trend of prices for materials and food is downwards. C. The price of energy fluctuates in response to change of food price. D. Social stability can promote technological innovation. 93. According to the author, what is the primary solution to environmental problems? A. To allow market forces to operate properly. B. To limit consumption of natural resources. C. To control the growth of the world population. D. To encourage technological innovation. 【答案】90. C 91. D 92. B 93. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了尽管全球人口和产出大幅增长，但世界环境仍然保持着出人意料的健康状态。这主要归功于价格机制、技术创新、社会变革以及政府针对公众压力所采取的监管措施。 【90题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段““The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.”If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog to global climate change, from …. The list would largely be accurate, the concern reasonable.(“世界的环境非常健康。讨论。”如果这是一个考试题目，大多数学生都会把它撕成碎片，提出一长串的抱怨：从当地的雾霾到全球气候变化，从……这份清单在很大程度上是准确的，担忧是合理的。)”可知，大多数学生会把试卷撕成碎片是因为他们觉得“世界的环境非常健康”这个话题与他们对当今环境问题的了解相悖。故选C。 【91题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected.(毕竟，本世纪世界人口已经增长了三倍以上，世界产出也大幅增长，所以你可能会认为地球本身也会受到影响。)”和第三段“But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure.(但它们并没有这样做。它们没有这样做以及环境没有遭到破坏的原因，与价格、技术创新、社会变革以及政府为回应公众压力而制定的法规有关。)”可推知，世界产出和人口的巨大增长在影响环境方面起的作用不大。故选D。 【92题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason, prices for energy and for minerals have virtually fallen during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.( 发生的情况是，每当一种材料似乎供应不足时，价格就会上涨，作为回应，人们会寻找新的供应来源，试图找到使用更少材料的方法，或者寻找新的替代品。正因为如此，能源和矿物的价格在本世纪几乎都在下降。食品也是如此。价格会随收成、自然灾害和政治不稳定而波动；当价格上涨时，需要一段时间新的供应来源才会可用。但它们总是会出现的，这得益于新的农业和作物技术。长期趋势是向下的。)”可知，材料和食品价格的长期趋势是下降的。故选B。 【93题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this sound trend begins to stumble (受挫), and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it.(正是在价格和市场运行不正常的地方，这种良好的趋势开始受挫，真正的问题也随之产生。市场并不能总是保持环境的健康。如果没有人拥有相关资源，那么就没有人会有兴趣去保护或培育它。)”可推知，作者认为，解决环境问题的首要方法是让市场力量正常运作。故选A。 (D) To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 94. According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should _________. A. follow the theory of imitation B. set a good example for the child to copy C. simplify each action shown to the child D. view from the child’s perspective 95. Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A. The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. B. The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. C. The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D The child comes up with a solution to an issue. 96. It can be inferred that children usually imitate people _________. A. whose actions are consistent with theirs B. who enjoy a high social status C. whose talent and skill are extraordinary D. whom they want to be shaped into 97. What is the passage mainly about? A. The factors determining children’s imitation. B. The significance of learning by imitation. C. The way children choose models. D. The reason for parenting by imitation. 【答案】94. D 95. B 96. D 97. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，孩子并非盲目模仿，而是有选择地学习。他们倾向于模仿能带来正确结果的权威或专家，考虑社会接受度，并选择模仿看起来不错的人物。 【94题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Look at it from the child’s point of view. (从孩子的角度看问题)”可知，要教孩子学东西，父母应该站在孩子的角度看问题。故选D项。 【95题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. (现在他处在一个新的环境中，缺乏现成的回应。他正在寻求一种能达到某种目的的回应。如果他对这种情况缺乏现成的回应，无法推理出该怎么做，他会观察一个似乎能够得到正确结果的榜样。孩子们会寻找权威或专家来告诉他们该怎么做)”可知，当孩子遇到困难，想不出办法时，他就会寻找一个榜样。故选B项。 【96题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. (在寻找试验回应时，学习者并不是随机选择榜样的。他模仿那些看起来不错的人，而不是模仿那些他希望避免其社会地位的人)”可推知，孩子选择模仿他们想要被塑造成的人。故选D项。 【97题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Look at it from the child’s point of view. (从孩子的角度看问题)”、第三段中“There is a second element at work in this situation. (在这种情况下，还有第二个因素在起作用)”和第四段中“In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. (在寻找试验回应时，学习者并不是随机选择榜样的)”可知，文章指出传统的“模仿学习”观点过于简化，实际上孩子不会盲目模仿所有行为，为此向读者介绍了决定儿童模仿行为的因素，包括他们倾向于模仿能带来正确结果的权威或专家，考虑社会接受度，并选择模仿看起来不错的人物。故选A项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why can’t we stop longing for the good old days? Why are human beings always so nostalgic (怀旧的) for past eras that seemed difficult and dangerous to those who lived through them? One possibility is that we know we survived past dangers, so they seem smaller now. ____98____. Radio didn’t ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smartphone will. ____99____. When were the good old days? Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? A U.S. poll found that people born in the 1930s and 1940s thought the 1950s was America’s best decade, while those born in the 1960s and 1970s preferred the 1980s. This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more memories during adolescence and early adulthood than any other period of our lives, and when we think about the past, this is the period we most often return to. Moreover, as we grow more distant from past events, we tend to remember them more positively. Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. ____100____. Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. The same kinds of anxieties have been expressed in our own time about innovations like the internet, video games and stem-cell research. And not all fears about the future are unfounded. New technologies do result in accidents, they disturb traditional cultures and habits, and they destroy old jobs while creating new ones. But the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. ____101____. A. The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days. B. When a new invention is first made, its inventor has to test it through trial and error. C. Longing for the past and fear of the future discourage the experiments and innovations that drive progress. D. But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. E. Psychologists say this kind of feeling is natural and sometimes even useful. F. Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia. 【答案】98. D 99. F 100. C 101. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过分析人类对过去美好时光的怀旧情绪，探讨了怀旧的根源、影响以及对现实和未来的影响。 【98题详解】 下文提到“Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. (显然，有些事情过去确实更好。但我们对美好旧日的本能怀旧情绪很容易欺骗我们，带来危险的后果。)”说明过去确实有比现在好的地方，但我们对过去的怀旧情绪可能会误导我们，带来危险的后果。D项中的“we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today (我们永远无法确定我们将解决我们今天面临的问题。)”与上文相呼应，表达了我们不能确定是否能解决当前面临的问题，符合题意，故选D。 【99题详解】 下文提到“Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? (这是否仅仅是偶然，那个你碰巧年轻过的难以置信的短暂时期？)”说明人们常常认为他们年轻时的时期是最好的时光。F项中的“Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia (另一个原因是，对历史的怀旧往往被个人的怀旧情绪所渲染。)”与上文一致，指出历史怀旧常常被个人怀旧所影响，符合题意，故选F。 【100题详解】 上文提到“our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. (我们对美好旧日的本能怀旧情绪很容易欺骗我们，带来危险的后果。)”说明对过去的怀旧情绪可能会误导我们。C项中的“Longing for the past and fear of the future discourage the experiments and innovations that drive progress (对过去的渴望和对未来的恐惧会阻碍推动进步的实验和创新。)”与上文相呼应，表达了对过去的怀旧和对未来的恐惧会阻碍推动进步的实验和创新，符合题意，故选C。 【101题详解】 上文提到“the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. (学习如何最好地利用新技术并降低风险的唯一方法是通过试错。)”说明学习如何最好地利用新技术和减少风险的唯一方法是通过试错。A项中的“The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days (未来不会完美，但那些所谓的好旧时光同样也不完美。)”与上文相呼应，表达了未来不会完美，过去的日子也不是，符合题意，故选A。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing 102. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Cosmetic Surgeries Get Extreme Everyone goes through it: poking at the eye bags and the loose skin in the mirror. It’s part of the human condition to fear ageing, but among the 20 and 30 something, there seems to be a heightened anxiety around growing older, coupled with an increasingly casual attitude towards getting Botox (肉毒素，用于除皱）compared with previous generations. In 2022, 27% of US patients receiving Botox were 34 or younger, compared with 21% in 2015, according to the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery. The idea is to stop wrinkles before they start. So why are we so desperate to pretend we’re not growing older? For my generation, being perpetually online and scrolling through the lives of others must be a factor. It keeps us locked into a constant state of comparison. And in a time of economic uncertainty, millennials and gen Z are also unable to tick off traditional checkpoints of adulthood, so the idea that many alter their appearance to turn back the clock makes perfect sense to me. For women, our looks are aesthetic capital after all--and being beautiful can unlock social and professional success. But these treatments often don’t come with warnings; it’s up to the consumer to research potential pitfalls (陷阱). Botched (粗制滥造的)cosmetic procedures among young people are on the rise, with too many treatments taking place in unregulated beauty salons and carried out by unqualified practitioners. Last month, three women in the US contracted HIV from a cosmetic procedures intended for the skin, when an unlicensed New Mexico medical clinic reused needles that should have been disposed of, which caused understandable alarm worldwide. One friend who loves Botox said to me recently: “I can’t stay 28 for ever, but the aim is to look 28 forever.” I’m trying to reject the message that it’s wrong for women to look their true age. It can be hard to tune out the noise, but the alternative may mean a future damaged by self-doubt, expensive treatments or even regret. I think I’ll stick with the eye bags. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is a growing trend for young people to fear getting old and take cosmetic surgeries casually. There are several reasons, including constant comparison with others online, refusing to accept adulthood, and better job and life prospects ensured by beauty. However, some surgeries of low quality will do irreversible damage. Therefore, the author chooses to keep her true looks. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。年轻人害怕变老，随便做整容手术的趋势越来越明显。原因有几个，包括经常在网上和别人比较，拒绝接受成年，以及美貌能保证更好的工作和生活前景。然而，一些低质量的手术会造成不可逆的损伤。因此，作者选择保持她的真实面貌。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①In 2022, 27% of US patients receiving Botox were 34 or younger, compared with 21% in 2015, according to the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery. The idea is to stop wrinkles before they start. ②For my generation, being perpetually online and scrolling through the lives of others must be a factor. It keeps us locked into a constant state of comparison. ③And in a time of economic uncertainty, millennials and gen Z are also unable to tick off traditional checkpoints of adulthood, so the idea that many alter their appearance to turn back the clock makes perfect sense to me. ④For women, our looks are aesthetic capital after all--and being beautiful can unlock social and professional success. ⑤Botched (粗制滥造的) cosmetic procedures among young people are on the rise, with too many treatments taking place in unregulated beauty salons and carried out by unqualified practitioners. Last month, three women in the US contracted HIV from a cosmetic procedures intended for the skin, when an unlicensed New Mexico medical clinic reused needles that should have been disposed of, which caused understandable alarm worldwide. ⑥It can be hard to tune out the noise, but the alternative may mean a future damaged by self-doubt, expensive treatments or even regret. I think I’ll stick with the eye bags. 2. 缜密构思 将第①要点作为引入，第②、第③、第④、⑤要点整合。总结第⑥要点 3. 遣词造句 ①There is a growing trend that young people fear getting old and take cosmetic surgeries casually. ②There are several reasons, which include constant comparison with others online, refusing to accept adulthood, and better job and life prospects ensured by beauty. ③Nevertheless, some surgeries of low quality will do irreversible damage. ④Consequently, the author chooses to keep her true looks. 【点睛】[高分句型1] There are several reasons, including constant comparison with others online, refusing to accept adulthood, and better job and life prospects ensured by beauty. （运用过去分词作定语） [高分句型2] There is a growing trend for young people to fear getting old and take cosmetic surgeries casually. （运用了there be句型） V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 103. 你带了这么多不需要的东西，难怪你的行李超重了。（pack）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】You have packed so many unnecessary things/ items, and (it is) no wonder (that) your luggage is overweight. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、形容词、名词、固定句型。表示“你”用you，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“收拾（行李）”用pack，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，句子时态用现在完成时，主语为you，助动词用have。表示“这么多”用so many。表示“不需要的”用形容词unnecessary，作前置定语，修饰名词“东西”。表示“东西”用thing或item，用复数形式，作packed的宾语。用连词and连接两个句子。表示“难怪”用固定句型(it is) no wonder (that)...，表示“你的”用your，作前置定语，修饰“行李”；表示“行李”用luggage，作主语；表示现在的状态，句子时态用一般现在时，系动词用is；表示“超重”用形容词overweight，作表语。故翻译为You have packed so many unnecessary things/ items, and (it is) no wonder (that) your luggage is overweight. 104. 大运河，作为最古老的人工水路而闻名于世，造福世代沿河而居的百姓。（benefit n.）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Grand Canal, (which is ) known worldwide as the oldest man-made waterway, has provided benefits/is of benefit to the people who have lived along it for generations. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词（短语）和定语从句。“大运河”应用固定表达the Grand Canal，作主语；“作为最古老的人工水路而闻名于世”可理解为是对the Grand Canal的补充说明，用which引导非限制性定语从句，用一般现在时描述一般性的事实，“作为……而闻名于世”可用固定短语be known worldwide as，be动词应用is，“最古老的人工水路”可用名词短语the oldest man-made waterway，且which is可省略，用过去分词短语作the Grand Canal的非限制性后置定语；主句中的“造福”可用现在完成时描述从过去发生延续到现在的行为，用has provided benefits to表示，或用一般现在时描述一般性的事实，用is of benefit to表示，“百姓”应用名词the people；“世代沿河而居的”是修饰people的成分，可用who引导限制性定语从句，用现在完成时描述从过去发生延续到现在的行为，“沿河而居”可用动词短语have lived along it，“世代”可用介宾短语for generations。故可译为：The Grand Canal, (which is) known worldwide as the oldest man-made waterway, has provided benefits/is of benefit to the people who have lived along it for generations. 105. 说到是什么吸引她来这所乡村学校做志愿者，她热衷于教育，相信教育能保证孩子们过上安全健康的日子。（appeal v.）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】When it comes to what appeals to her to volunteer in the country school, she is enthusiastic about education/ she is keen on education, believing/convinced that education can ensure the kids a safe and sound life. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、宾语从句和非谓语动词。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“说到”使用固定句型when it comes to，“是什么吸引她来这所乡村学校做志愿者”译为一个宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，“吸引某人做某事”使用动词短语appeal to sb to do sth，“来这所乡村学校做志愿者”译为volunteer in the country school，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“什么”使用连接代词what引导，谓语使用单数；“热衷于”使用固定短语be enthusiastic about/be keen on，“相信”使用动词believe/convince，believe和逻辑主语she之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作状语，convince和逻辑主语she之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词作状语，“教育能保证孩子们过上安全健康的日子”译为一个宾语从句，“能”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“确保某人得到某物”使用动词短语ensure sb sth，“安全健康的日子”译为a safe and sound life，故从句译为education can ensure the kids a safe and sound life，结构、意义完整，使用连接词that引导。综上，故翻译为：When it comes to what appeals to her to volunteer in the country school, she is enthusiastic about education/she is keen on education, believing/convinced that education can ensure the kids a safe and sound life. 106. 不要小看这些长相平平的无人机，他们可以把重100公斤的货物分毫不差地送到目的地，在路况不佳的地区相当有用。（helpful）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】Don’t look down on/underestimate the ordinary-looking drones, which can deliver the cargos/ goods weighing 100 kg to the destinations with millimetre accuracy, (and / so they are ) very helpful in areas with badly-maintained roads. 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句和定语从句。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，“不要”使用祈使句的否定形式Don’t do...，“小看”使用动词短语look down on或动词underestimate，“这些长相平平的无人机”译为the ordinary-looking drones，其中形容词ordinary-looking作定语；“他们可以把重100公斤的货物分毫不差地送到目的地”译为一个非限制性定语从句，修饰drones，“可以”使用情态动词can，后接动词原形，“把……送到……”使用动词短语deliver...to...，“货物”使用名词cargos/goods，“重100公斤”使用动词短语weigh 100 kg，和cargos/goods之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，“目的地”使用名词复数destinations，“分毫不差”使用介词短语with millimetre accuracy，作状语，修饰动词deliver，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导；“在路况不佳的地区相当有用”和前句可看作并列或因果关系，使用连词and或so连接均可，使用代词they作主语，指代前文的drones，“有用”使用形容词helpful作表语，“在路况不佳的地区”译为介词短语in areas with badly-maintained roads，主语表示复数意义，be动词用are，本句也可直接使用形容词作状语，故翻译为：Don’t look down on / underestimate the ordinary-looking drones, which can deliver the cargos/ goods weighing 100 kg to the destinations with millimetre accuracy,   (and / so they are ) very helpful in areas with badly-maintained roads. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 建平中学2023学年第二学期期末教学质量检测 高一英语试卷 说明：（1）本场考试时间为120分钟，总分150分； （2）请认真答卷，并用规范文字书写。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. For 20 minutes. B. For 25 minutes. C. For 45 minutes. D. For 65 minutes. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. In a bank. B. In a supermarket. C. At a tourist agency. D. At a laundry. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. An office secretary. B. A head nurse. C. A real estate agent. D. A hotel receptionist. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It’s sunny and warm. B. It’s rainy and cold. C. It’s sunny but cold. D. It’s rainy but warm. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. They are twins. B. They are classmates. C. They are friends. D. They are colleagues. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Reasonable. B. Bright. C. Serious. D. Ridiculous. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Send leaflets. B. Go sightseeing. C. Do some gardening. D. Visit a lawyer. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He had no idea where the book was. C. He didn’t get the book he needed. D. He didn’t have time to go to the library. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. The apartment was provided with some old furniture. B. The furnished apartment was not expensive. C. The furniture in the market was on sale every Sunday. D. The furniture he bought was rather cheap. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Internet surfing. B. Stock exchanging C. Mountain climbing. D. Job hunting. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. Zero degrees Celsius. B. Minus fifteen degrees Celsius. C. Minus twenty degrees Celsius. D. Minus fifty degrees Celsius. 12. A. For up to one year. B. For twenty-four hours. C. For a few hours. D. For a few weeks. 13. A. After foods have been unfrozen, they can be frozen again. B. Whether the freezing process is fast has nothing to do with the taste of the food. C. To start the freezing process, it is important to lower the temperature to zero degrees Celsius. D. Generally, if frozen food is left unfrozen for more than twenty-four hours without being eaten, it must be thrown away. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. He was an anti-racist activist. B. He had been in prison for many years. C. He was the leader of the African National Congress. D. He won presidency in a fully representative democratic election. 15. A. The winning of the Nobel Peace Prize. B. The transition to multi-racial democracy in South Africa. C. The competition for the honorary title of Madiba. D. The negotiation between the African countries. 16. A To be in memory of the death of Mandela. B. To celebrate Mandela’s being elected as President. C. To mark Mandela’s contribution to world freedom. D. To honor the multi-racial democracy in South Africa. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. A. Medicine. B. Education. C. World history. D. Foreign commerce. 18. A. Because she wants her daughter to be a doctor or a teacher. B. Because few people choose foreign commerce as their major nowadays. C. Because she has seen the bankruptcy of many big companies. D. Because the world is under economic crisis and commerce is no longer hot. 19. A. A life in which she can enjoy people’s respect. B. A life without stress and worry. C. A life in which she can foresee her future. D. A life full of different chances. 20. A. The world economy is hopefully on the way of recovery. B The world economy is getting worse sooner or later. C. How the world economy will be is unpredictable. D. The world economy is actually not bad at all. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. 21. The name of the humble bread varies greatly ________ different areas of Britain, with some names ________ in German. A. across…originating B. throughout…originated C. across…originated D. with…originate 22. ________ the authentic flavor, the team of the series hired four experts to check on detail on-site, from rituals to costumes to dialogue. A. Ensuring B. To ensure C. Ensured D. Having ensured 23. The competition challenged young people ________ a new word of their own ________ they thought was missing from the English language. A. coming up with…/ B. to come up with…which C. coming up with…that D. to come up with…/ 24. ________ employment and income are tied to eliminating unhappiness, the element that makes work satisfactory and meaningful is the service to others. A. While B. If C. Until D. Unless 25. A study of the carbon footprint of large AI models shows that training a single AI model could result in carbon emission five times ________ the average American car in its lifetime. A. what B. / C. that of D. as much 26. Domestic horses require regular maintenance to prevent overgrowth of keratin(角蛋白), which, if ________, can cripple them. A. leaves it unattended B. leaving unattended C. left unattended D. is left unattended 27. The field of robotics ________ far less keen to investigate plants due to a misconception ________ plants are capable of neither motion nor perception. A. has proved…that B. has been proved…which C. has been proved…that D. has proved…which 28. Equipped with better systems than the Liaoning and Shandong, not only ________ to launch heavier aircraft, but it can also increase their takeoff speed. A. does the Fujian aircraft carrier allow B. the Fujian aircraft carrier allows C. is the Fujian aircraft carrier allowed D. the Fujian aircraft carrier is allowed 29. The 28th Shanghai TV Festival, to be held from June 19 to 23, will be ________ to include a variety of events, including exhibitions, a TV market and forums, through which overseas buyers may tap into original Chinese productions, giving them global exposure. A. employed B. recognized C. programmed D. displayed 30. The Chinese saying “treating only the head for headache and only the feet for a foot sore,” is a criticism of any ________ that fails to identify the root cause of a problem and is thus fundamentally unable to solve it. A. approach B. consequence C. recreation D. postponement 31. By the end of his writing career, Isaac Newton was ________ with producing more than 500 books on a wide range of subjects, reaching out not only to galaxies but also the distant past. A. flooded B. credited C. impressed D. engaged 32. Some studies suggest that children in mildly unhappy, low-conflict, first-marriage families are better off if the parents ________ till the kids are grown. A. try it on B. hang it up C. take it off D. tough it out Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Fascinating Culture of the Miao People The Miao ethnicity of China has a long history, rich culture, and an ancient folk religion. ____33____ (decorate) with beautiful traditional clothes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Throughout history, the Miao people were constantly migrating, always on the move. In more modern times, part of the Miao people gradually settled down in southeast Asian countries. Today, the Miao people in China ____34____ (concentrate) in eight provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in southwest and south-central China, ____35____Guizhou Province has the largest population. The Miao people have lived the lush vegetation of the mountains and river for generations. The Miaoling Mountains located in Guizhou Province are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital of Qiandongnan, is known as the Pearl of Miaoling Mountains. Just 10 kilometers from the city center, the ____36____ (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs through the valley by the city. On the cliffs of the peaks on either side of the river ____37____ (sit) a cluster of Miao villages, scattered like pearls. The people who live in the ancient villages are sincere, kind, hospitable, and honest. ____38____ a tourist ever get lost, there were no need to worry. All that needs to do is just call out in a loud voice outside any courtyard, “Is anyone home? I’m lost.” A wooden window would open instantly and an elderly person would stick the head out, describing ____39____ the tourist should head in simple, basic Putonghua. The fantastically colored rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge of the village path. The ripe rice is bent over____40____ they were expressing gratefulness to the earth for giving it life. After the harvest is done, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting ____41____ (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living off the land is a way of life that Miao families have handed down to their descendants for generations, and today the Miao people still maintain their traditional way of life and work _____42_____ the gazing crowds of tourists who pass through their villages. Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are three words more than you need. A. aimed B. characterized C. connection D. decline E. emerging F. objective G. previously H. randomly I. revealed J. promising K. shallow We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive ____43____. “The ____44____ field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions ____45____ at enhancing brain health.” In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a ____46____ path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging. The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis ____47____ two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has ____48____ been associated with healthy brain aging. The Mediterranean diet is ____49____ by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more ____50____ analysis of these associations. “First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the ____51____ between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.” However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted _____52_____ to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Cloze Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Deepfake Are Deeply Troubling A recent video on the internet has Coco Lee, who died last year, talking to her fans and saying, “From the moment I left this world, I can always feel your endless love and support.” The video looked ____53____, but it was a “deepfake” created by AI. AI has ____54____ to the point where it has become difficult to distinguish what is real from what isn’t. These types of deepfakes are now all over the internet where we see people, usually celebrities and politicians, saying things which they didn’t really say. One “deepfake” has Taylor Swift ____55____ a brand of cookware. Some “creative” person used AI to manipulate (操控) her image and ____56____ to make it appear that she were speaking for the product. But there is a more ____57____ trend in deepfakes that has become more prevalent (普遍的). As with the Coco Lee deepfake, there are people using AI to “resurrect (复活)” their lost loved ones and ____58____ them. In one recent high-profile case you’re probably aware of, the famous musician Bao Xiaobo used AI to “resurrect” his daughter, who died at the age of twenty-two. With the technology, he is able to talk to her and ask her questions. Though he knew it was fake, he didn’t ____59____because he missed her very much. The ____60____ consequences of not “letting go” of a loved one can be serious. It may cause a person to live in a fantasy world instead of accepting the healthy and necessary process of grieving and ____61____ with his or her life. _____62_____, there is a legal aspect to AI deepfakes which has yet to be thoroughly considered. Can a dead person’s image be manipulated to say things which they didn’t say and wouldn’t have said if they were _____63_____? Can a person’s image be copyrighted to prevent this from happening? These are some of the questions that _____64_____ will have to consider, and courts will have to decide. In 1931, the British author Aldous Huxley wrote a novel called Brave New World, which was about a future _____65_____ by technology. In many ways we are living in this “Brave New World” and are _____66_____ our “humanity” with all its faults, virtues and limitations. I’m sorry that Coco Lee is gone, and I’m sorry that Tino Bao’s daughter is gone, but grieving is a part of life, and grief, as they say, is the _____67_____for love. 53 A. interesting B. affectionate C. joyful D. authentic 54. A. sweated B. certified C. progressed D. reacted 55. A. crafting B. promoting C. sampling D. releasing 56. A. identity B. weight C. mind D. voice 57. A. disturbing B. outstanding C. struggling D. entertaining 58. A. look after B. bring up C. interact with D. benefit from 59. A. regret B. admit C. participate D. care 60. A. ethical B. psychological C. imaginary D. financial 61. A. putting up B. coming down C. moving on D. ending up 62. A. Relatively B. Consequently C. Likely D. Additionally 63. A. conscious B. alive C. present D. mindful 64. A. scientists B. creators C. applicants D. lawmakers 65. A. threatened B. innovated C. inhabited D. dominated 66. A. bombarding B. modifying C. losing D. replacing 67. A. signal B. price C. mission D. foundation Taking A Vacation Could Help You Live Longer Thinking about skipping vacation days? Don’t. One of the longest follow-up studies in the world finds vacations can actually prolong your life. And if you think your spin classes (动感单车课程) and clean eating will make up for ____68____ your dream cruise trip and save you from your jam-packed, hard driving life, think again. An improved, healthier lifestyle doesn’t ____69____ working too hard and not taking your holidays, University of Helsinki professor Timo Strandberg said Tuesday at the annual European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress. “____70____ can be a good way to relieve stress.” The new findings are a part of the Helsinki Businessmen Study, research that for decades has ____71____ 1,222 male executives born between 1919 and 1934. Each had at least one risk factor for heart disease, for example, smoking, ____72____, or had high blood pressure. The research, which began in the 1960s, ____73____ into a longitudinal (纵向的) study and was extended through 2014, focusing in part on how mid-life risk factors can impact the ____74____ in old age. For the study, the men were split into two groups. In one control group, men lived their lives as they ____75____ did and did not meet with the study’s investigators. Men in the other group, a(n) ____76____ group, were given advice on how to improve their health. These men were asked to exercise, improve their diets, reach a healthy weight or stop smoking. At the study’s 15-year check-in, Strandberg found that if their vacations _____77_____, the men who improved their lifestyles had a 37 percent higher chance of death rate. What is to _____78_____? Working too hard, not sleeping enough and not taking enough vacation. While _____79_____, this new research won’t likely impact most Americans’ vacation habits. Most American workers don’t get that many paid days to begin with. Even if they do have the time, many workers feel they can’t _____80_____ it. Americans have put off vacation because they feel they have too much work to do and too many family _____81_____. Given that experts find that vacation can help you be more productive when you return to work, maybe it’s time to put forward the request for a few days _____82_____. 68. A. extending B. postponing C. planning D. locating 69. A. apply for B. sort out C. compensate for D. soak up 70. A. Vacations B. Work-outs C. Outlets D. Adventures 71. A. qualified B. counted C. motivated D. followed 72. A. mood B. gender C. obesity D. diet 73. A. halved B. fell C. evolved D. looked 74. A. perception B. status C. ambition D. well-being 75. A. eventually B. usually C. individually D. attentively 76. A. intervention B. selection C. witness D. supervision 77. A. added up B. faded away C. stood out D. fell short 78. A. emerge B. blame C. escape D. rescue 79 A. dramatic B. ideal C. awkward D. delicate 80. A. exclude B. afford C. involve D. stretch 81. A. operations B. versions C. obligations D. generations 82. A. over B. in C. down D. off Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination. My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland. That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had. By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on. To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 83. According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A. His father’s old age and poor health. B. His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C. His dream of traveling with his father again. D. His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 84. What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article? A. They passed through three countries in ten days. B. The author’s father was initially confident of doing it. C. It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby. D. It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father. 85. According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father? A. A hopeless patient. B. An adventurous climber. C. A responsible father. D. An appreciative photographer. 86. What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A. It was never too late to accompany his father. B. He and his father changed with time passing by. C. Everything changes with time except the mountains. D. The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. (B) Is Light Dairy Better? There are always two choices on the shelf when we reach for the milk, cheese or yoghurt: normal or light. Less fat is better, right? But what about the goodness that can be found in dairy — Is it all there in the reduced-fat version? Five experts from various fields were asked if light dairy products were better for our health. Here are their detailed responses. Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. Consumption of saturated fat raises cholesterol (胆固醇) levels in the blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. So reducing saturated fat intake can assist in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Malcolm Riley, Epidemiologist Light dairy products are great for people who want to lower their fat intake. They contain most of the nutritional benefits that can be found in full-fat dairy foods, despite containing 25 percent to 100 percent less fat than their regular dairy food equivalents. However, it is important to note that light dairy foods may be higher in some other nutrients, such as sugar. It always pays to read the nutrition tag and the ingredients list carefully. Nicholas Fuller, Obesity Researcher Both full-fat and low-fat dairy foods have the same benefits for our heart health. The most important thing is that a person includes dairy products in their diet, or suitable dairy-free alternatives that are calcium-enriched (富含钙质的), such as soy. Until we know for sure the effect of full-fat versus low-fat dairy on our weight and waistlines, people should stick with low-fat products as part of their daily eating plan. Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist A recent study which followed people for 22 years found no negative link between heart health and dairy consumption — whether it is full-fat or low-fat dairy. So currently the evidence suggests that light dairy makes no difference in terms of our risk of heart disease and early death. For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success. Robyn Delbridge, Dietitian Light dairy foods are not necessarily better than full-fat dairy foods. Overall, evidence supports the conclusion that dairy foods, regardless of fat content, involve a low risk of the potential harmful effects of high blood pressure. Fermented (发酵的) dairy such as yoghurt and cheese may be beneficial for heart health. The choice of full-fat versus that of low-fat foods should be made based on your whole diet pattern. 87. According to the article, ________ out of the five experts believed that light dairy products were better for our health. A. one B. two C. three D. four 88. According to the article, ________ and ________ hold contrary opinions about the relationship between dairy products and heart health. A. Caryl Nowson ... Nicholas Fuller B. Nicholas Fuller ... Robyn Delbridge C. Caryl Nowson ... Evangeline Mantzioris D. Malcolm Riley ... Evangeline Mantzioris 89. What can we infer from the article? A. Nicholas Fuller recommended that we eat more soy than dairy. B. Evangeline Mantzioris suggested that dieters stay away from full-fat foods. C. Robyn Delbridge believed that people cannot benefit from full-fat products. D. Malcolm Riley believed that all kinds of low-fat dairy products could help people stay fit. (C) “The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog to global climate change, from …. The list would largely be accurate, the concern reasonable. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad. After all, the world’s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they don’t. The reasons why they don’t and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today’s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable. Raw materials have not run out and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very intelligent. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason, prices for energy and for minerals have virtually fallen during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate (波动), in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards. It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this sound trend begins to stumble (受挫), and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it. 90. According to the author, why would most students tear the test paper apart? A. Because they find it challenging to answer the examination topic. B. Because they maintain that the environment of the world is better than expected. C. Because they feel the topic is against their knowledge of today’s environmental problems. D. Because they have no idea about the current situation of global environment. 91. It can be inferred from the passage that the huge increase in world output and population ________ A. has made the world a dangerous place to live in. B. has significantly affected the environment. C. has made the environment of poor nations unsolvable. D. has played a minor role in affecting the environment. 92. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE? A. There are few alternatives to raw materials in the world. B. The long-term trend of prices for materials and food is downwards. C. The price of energy fluctuates in response to change of food price. D. Social stability can promote technological innovation. 93. According to the author, what is the primary solution to environmental problems? A. To allow market forces to operate properly. B. To limit consumption of natural resources. C. To control the growth of the world population. D. To encourage technological innovation. (D) To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore, we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do”. Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do. There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to achieve his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a screaming is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults award some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves. In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players. Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success. 94. According to the passage, to teach a child to learn something, parents should _________. A. follow the theory of imitation B. set a good example for the child to copy C. simplify each action shown to the child D. view from the child’s perspective 95. Which of the following situation will lead a child to seek for a model? A. The child is blamed by parents for his/her wrongdoing. B. The child is in trouble and cannot figure out an approach. C. The child encounters a professional who can get the right result. D. The child comes up with a solution to an issue. 96. It can be inferred that children usually imitate people _________. A. whose actions are consistent with theirs B. who enjoy a high social status C. whose talent and skill are extraordinary D. whom they want to be shaped into 97. What is the passage mainly about? A. The factors determining children’s imitation. B. The significance of learning by imitation. C. The way children choose models. D. The reason for parenting by imitation. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why can’t we stop longing for the good old days? Why are human beings always so nostalgic (怀旧的) for past eras that seemed difficult and dangerous to those who lived through them? One possibility is that we know we survived past dangers, so they seem smaller now. ____98____. Radio didn’t ruin the younger generation, but maybe the smartphone will. ____99____. When were the good old days? Was it, by chance, the incredibly short period when you happened to be young? A U.S. poll found that people born in the 1930s and 1940s thought the 1950s was America’s best decade, while those born in the 1960s and 1970s preferred the 1980s. This kind of nostalgia has neurological roots. Researchers have found that we encode more memories during adolescence and early adulthood than any other period of our lives, and when we think about the past, this is the period we most often return to. Moreover, as we grow more distant from past events, we tend to remember them more positively. Obviously, some things really were better in the past. But our instinctive nostalgia for the good old days can easily deceive us, with dangerous consequences. ____100____. Vaccination, steam engines, railroads and electricity all met with strong resistance when they were first introduced. The same kinds of anxieties have been expressed in our own time about innovations like the internet, video games and stem-cell research. And not all fears about the future are unfounded. New technologies do result in accidents, they disturb traditional cultures and habits, and they destroy old jobs while creating new ones. But the only way to learn how to make the best use of new technologies and reduce risks is by trial and error. ____101____. A. The future won’t be perfect, but neither were the good old days. B. When a new invention is first made, its inventor has to test it through trial and error. C. Longing for the past and fear of the future discourage the experiments and innovations that drive progress. D. But we can never be certain we will solve the problems we are facing today. E. Psychologists say this kind of feeling is natural and sometimes even useful. F. Another reason is that historical nostalgia is often colored by personal nostalgia. Ⅳ. Summary Writing 102. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Cosmetic Surgeries Get Extreme Everyone goes through it: poking at the eye bags and the loose skin in the mirror. It’s part of the human condition to fear ageing, but among the 20 and 30 something, there seems to be a heightened anxiety around growing older, coupled with an increasingly casual attitude towards getting Botox (肉毒素，用于除皱）compared with previous generations. In 2022, 27% of US patients receiving Botox were 34 or younger, compared with 21% in 2015, according to the American Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery. The idea is to stop wrinkles before they start. So why are we so desperate to pretend we’re not growing older? For my generation, being perpetually online and scrolling through the lives of others must be a factor. It keeps us locked into a constant state of comparison. And in a time of economic uncertainty, millennials and gen Z are also unable to tick off traditional checkpoints of adulthood, so the idea that many alter their appearance to turn back the clock makes perfect sense to me. For women, our looks are aesthetic capital after all--and being beautiful can unlock social and professional success. But these treatments often don’t come with warnings; it’s up to the consumer to research potential pitfalls (陷阱). Botched (粗制滥造的)cosmetic procedures among young people are on the rise, with too many treatments taking place in unregulated beauty salons and carried out by unqualified practitioners. Last month, three women in the US contracted HIV from a cosmetic procedures intended for the skin, when an unlicensed New Mexico medical clinic reused needles that should have been disposed of, which caused understandable alarm worldwide. One friend who loves Botox said to me recently: “I can’t stay 28 for ever, but the aim is to look 28 forever.” I’m trying to reject the message that it’s wrong for women to look their true age. It can be hard to tune out the noise, but the alternative may mean a future damaged by self-doubt, expensive treatments or even regret. I think I’ll stick with the eye bags. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 103. 你带了这么多不需要的东西，难怪你的行李超重了。（pack）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 104. 大运河，作为最古老的人工水路而闻名于世，造福世代沿河而居的百姓。（benefit n.）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 105. 说到是什么吸引她来这所乡村学校做志愿者，她热衷于教育，相信教育能保证孩子们过上安全健康的日子。（appeal v.）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 106. 不要小看这些长相平平的无人机，他们可以把重100公斤的货物分毫不差地送到目的地，在路况不佳的地区相当有用。（helpful）（汉译英） _________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$