内容正文:
第一部分技法指导篇
技活亢
利角例证猜词
[典例9](浙江卷)
为了说明或证实,文章中经常会举例,往往用来
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film
列举说明前面较难理解的词,这些例子可帮助考生猜
plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree bran-
测生词。举例时,常常会用一些连接性的词/词组,如
ches or along highways that a growing number of
like,such as,for example,for instance等。
cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台).The
[典例8](2022·全国乙卷,C)
bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California,in
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs
cluding Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plas-
and better protection of railway personnel safety.It
tic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to
make the case that their products are not as bad for
is calculated that European railways alone spend ap-
proximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,
the planet as most people assume.
including sending maintenance staff,often at night,
25.What does the word "headwinds"in Paragraph 2 refer
to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can
to?
be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones
A.Bans on plastic bags.
B.Effects of city development.
assisting the crews'efforts.
29.What does "maintenance"underlined in Para-
C.Headaches caused by garbage.
graph 3 refer to?
D.Plastic bags hung in trees.
A.Personnel safety.
◆解题思路
上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用,看到
B.Assistance from drones.
这种现状,塑料袋生产商雇用Stein等科学家是为了证
C.Inspection and repair.
明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害
D.Construction of infrastructure.
◆解题思路
根据画线词下文的内容可知these headwinds就是指代
根据画线词下文的“..,a year on maintenance,
上文提到的禁止使用塑料袋。故选A。
including sending maintenance staff,often at night,
技法几】
利用经验和常识猜词
to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.."可知,
[典例10]
Young Hoover died.Over a thou-
花在“maintenance”上的费用是用于“inspect and re
sand people attended his funeral.
pair the rail infrastructure”,由此可知,“That in
◆解题思路
cludes huge savings in maintenance costs and better
上句意思为“年轻的Hoover去世了”,根据常识
protection of railway personnel safety.”是指大幅节
猜测出一千多人参加的应该是他的“葬礼”
省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全,画线词和C
[温馨提示
项含义相近。其中including是关键词,其下文是对
1.判断三种正确选项特征
画线词的举例说明。故选C」
(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何的关系。
技法亡
利用同等关系猜词
(2)上下文逻辑通顺。
同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作
(3)与原句意思最接近
同一成分,而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。只要认出
2.识别三类干扰选项特点
其中一个或儿个词或短语,即可以确定同等关系中生
(1)与所考词汇形似。
词的词性、作用和大概的意思。常见的表示同等关系
(2)如果考的是熟词,含有常规词义的往往是错误
的信号词词组有:or,namely,that is,in other
选项
words,that is to say,to be more exact,to put in an-
(3)句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的
other way等。
选项一般是错误选项。
阅读理解
七选五)
No,1高考命题趋势
阅读理解(七选五)要求考生在一段留有5个空白约
3.文体选择
300词的短文中,根据文章结构、内容,从所给的7个选
文章体裁以说明文为主,思路清晰,结构完整,适
项中选出最佳答案,填入相应的空白处,使补全后的短文
合考查对主题句、过渡句等的概括和总结。单纯以时
意思通顺、前后连贯。这种题型突出考查语篇结构分析
间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力,
能力,属于对语言使用范畴及语言组织规律的考查,即对
文章篇章结构的考查。
因而在高考中出现的儿率较小。
1.文章选材
4.设题方式
阅读理解七选五题的文章选材具有两个特点:
根据高考评价体系,结合多年来的高考命题实
一是文章内容贴近考生、贴近生活,具有新颖性且
践,可以发现,该题型大致通过“主旨概括句(涉及文
时代感较强,体现考纲的指导思想,即“重视‘新材料、新
章整体内容)”“过渡性句子(涉及文章结构)”和“注
情境'的创设与运用,测试考生的综合语言运用能力”。
释性句子(涉及上下文逻辑意义)”三个类型的备选
二是文章内容逻辑性强,结构严谨,层次分明,便
项,来考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下
于学生在阅读的基础上进行综合理解,并对一些信息
文逻辑意义的理解和掌握能力。多余的两个干扰项
进行概括或充分表达。
2.文章长度
也往往从这三个方面进行设置,例如主旨概括句或
文章的选择不能太长或太短,文章长度与整套试
过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能
题中阅读的总词数有关,一般在200~300词之间,但
反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上下文逻辑脱
近年来总词数有上升趋势
节等。
11
英语
Yo.2高分必备技法
[解题步骤]
步四
通读复检查关联
步骤一
通读全文·抓中心
再次通读全文,查看关联排除干扰,确保选择合
快速浏览文章,梳理行文脉络结构,弄清文章写
理连贯。
作方式。
在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容
在阅读过程中,要注意文章的开始与结束段落,
是否完整,语义是否连续合理、各段落内容是否紧扣
尤其是文章的首段及末段末句,因为“开门见山”与
主题,语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻
“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式,首段的末
辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用语是否恰当
句一般是全文的主题所在,说明本文将探讨哪些内
贴切,从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时,还应注
容,并简要指出文章的写作思路,有时甚至会以提纲
意对相近选项的对比分析,个别干扰项由于与某个正
的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的
确选项的内容相近,具有很强的干扰性,这时就需要
主题具有重要意义,如果它是文章的主题句,就可以
认真分析,仔细甄别,排除干扰,从而得出正确选项。
使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开,并对文章的写
步螺五
排除芊扰·定答案
作主题有整体了解。
研究多余选项,确定选项排除理由,最终确定正
如果末句不是主题句,则需要继续寻找。这时,
确答案。
可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式,若两
尽管答案都已经确定,但是为了避免失误,对多
者均可排除,则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句,但
余的选项还应进行进一步的研究,确定它们和文章的
要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
主题和前后句意没有关联性之后,才是最终的结果。
步骤二
详读段落→找关键
[解题技巧]
详细研读段落,找出段落关键词语,明确段落主
技巧一】
“从细节逻辑上判断一例证关系
旨大意。
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会
例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例
根据文章整体写作主题展开,对文章主题进行不同方
子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。
面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词,明确其描述
[典例1](2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
内容,为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空格处
39 Minimize impact and maximize expe-
的前后句,标记关键词。
rience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以
You'll compete with fewer tourists,save money,experi-
后,要阅读五个空格处各自的前后句,并将前后句中
ence a different side of a popular place,and boost the
的解题线索,即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的
economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
核心名词或名词词组(如带有形容词的名词词组)、专
A.Visit during off-peak times.
有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。
◆解题思路
重点阅读各个空格处前后的句子,圈定线索词,
A空处为小标题,根据后文“Minimize impact
然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词,以确定答案。做题
and maximize experience by skipping major holidays
时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准,
or rush hour..(通过避开重大节假日或高峰时间来最
可先放过,继续往下读,先做容易的、能做出的题,直
小化影响并最大化体验。)”表示旅游时要注意避开高
到读完整篇文章。至此,文章的要点和主旨,各个段
峰期,选择合适的时间,是举例说明在非高峰时间参
落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。
观,概括本段内容。
步骤三
定位选项→试代入
[典例2](2023·全国乙卷)
Why are indoor plants good for you?
明确选项含义,紧抓选项衔接标志,依据逻辑代
Will Spoelstra,who works at the Royal Botanic
入试填。
Gardens,says,"There are many benefits to growing
在定位选项时,要特别注意空格处上下段的写作内
plants indoors.I find during the winter months,
容,以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所
plants around the house can really lift your mood.
选的选项放入空格处,看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻
Several studies have backed this up and found that
辑上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境,能否承接前后的写
indoor plants can improve creativity,focus and
作线索,使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
memory.There is also research showing that pot
一篇文章作为一个整体,是有其写作的线索与思
plants can clean the air around them by removing harm-
路的,在选项定位中,要尤其注意文章的写作线索和
ful gases,such as carbon dioxide.They also remove
写作思路的连贯,使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至
some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39
每个短语均融为一体。如果将选项代人文章后,发现
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are
文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾,应更换其他选项
among the best
12
第一部分技法指导篇
◆解题思路
[典例1](2024·新课标I卷)
E本题可根据例证关系解题。设空处位于段
I keep two reference books close-by on my
尾,与上文存在例证关系,上文说盆栽可以通过消除
desk:dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).Idon't
二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周国的空气,还可以去除
trust my laptop's spellchecker.37 Of course.
来自绘画颜料或烹饪中产生的一些有害化学物质。
these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and
E项“和平百合和绿萝正是效果最好的植物”符合语
thesauruses,but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer
境。故选E。
a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my
技巧二从行文逻辑上判断二转折关系
fingers.I use the Concise Or ford Dictionary and the
Collins Thesaurus.
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆
B.It takes no account of the context.
转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有however
◆解题思路
(然而),nevertheless(然而,不过),still(还,然而),
B上文"Idon't trust my laptop's spellchecker.
though(可是,不过,然而),yet(然而),on the contra-
(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查程序。)”提到了
ry(正相反),in contrast(与此相反,相比之下),in com
作者不相信电脑的拼写检查程序:下文“Of course,
parison(比较起来,比较地),by comparison(相比之下),
these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and
instead(相反),instead of(而不)等连接词,则表明前后两
thesauruses,but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer
句话是逻辑上的逆转,空格处很有可能表示转折。
a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my
[典例1](2022·全国乙卷)
fingers.(当然,现在有很多在线词典和同义词库,但
40,but long-distance friendships-even close
我是一个守旧的人,更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅
ones-may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to
的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅
seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it?Just
的书页,说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文,所以
spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness
上下文。)”解释了上文的原因,具有承上启下的作用。
through social media
[典例2](2021·全国甲卷)
◆解题思路
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.
F设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance
36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantasti-
friendships-even close ones-may require more
cally expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a
conscious effort to sustain..”(但是异地友谊甚至
cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our
是关系亲密的友谊—可能需要更加自觉地去雏
suitcases in the hallway.
系。)讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊,其中
F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some
“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折,而F项“朋友之
way,like real Parisians.
间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以
◆解题思路
通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结,与后
F推理判断题。通过逻辑关系解题。根据设空
半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成
处前文的“spent a week in Paris'”以及设空处后的
转折。故选F。
“S0”可知,设空处应为选择住在巴黎的原因,F项中
[典例2](2023·全国乙卷)
“Our aim'”说明了缘由,而“live,,like real Parisians'”
What are indoor plants?
则引出下文的“rent a..apartment..”。故选F。
Indoor plants,also known as houseplants or pot
技巧四从行文逻辑上判断二递进关系
plants,are plants that like to grow indoors.Many
递进关系主要指行文中后句对前句是一种顺承
of these species(物种)are not ideally suited to
关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有also(也,而且),
growing outside in the UK,especially in the winter.
further(另外),furthermore(而且,此外),likewise(同
37
样地,也),similarly(相似地,类似地),moreover(而
D.Instead,they grow better inside,where it is
且,再者,此外),in addition(另外,加之),what's
warmer
more(更重要的是),not only.,but also(不但…而
◆解题思路
且)等连接词或词组,则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递
D本题可根据转折关系解题。上文说在英国许
进关系,空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。
多这样的物种不适宜在室外生长,特别是在冬季,和
[典例1门(2023·全国乙卷)
D项“相反,它们在室内更温暖的地方长势更好”构成
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit
转折关系,符合语境。故选D。
around not doing much,but in many ways they are
the unsung heroes of the home.36,but studies
技巧从行文逻辑上判断二因果关系
have shown that they can promote people's wellbe-
做题时最重要的是要在读懂空格前后句子的基
ing by improving their mood(心情),reducing stress
础上,依据彼此的关系来确定答案。有时,前后的句
and helping their memory.What's more,indoor
子之间出现as a result(结果),thus/therefore(因
plants are easy to look after and are not very expen-
此),so(such)..,that(如此…以至于)等标志性词
sive.
语,表明前后句有着前因后果或者前果后因的关系。
B.Not only do they look beautiful
13
英语
◆解题思路
[典例1](2022·新高考I卷)
B根据下文“but studies have shown that they
First of all,decide what you want from that
can promote people's wellbeing by improving their
person.37 Or do you just want to be physically
mood(心情),reducing stress and helping their
fit,able to move with strength and flexibility?
memory.(而且研究表明,它们可以通过改善情绪、减
Think about the exercises you would like to do with
轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知,
your workout partner.
此处与下文是递进关系,构成not only..but“不
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your fa-
仅…而且…”结构。由此可知,B.Not only do
vorite sport?
they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔
◆解题思路
接下文,符合语境。故选B。
D本题可根据并列关系解题。根据上文“Firs1
[典例2](2023·全国甲卷)》
of all,decide what you want from that person..”和下
·Practice gratitude(感激)
"Or do you just want to be physically fit,able to
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Research
move with strength and flexibility?”可知,这里是一
shows it makes us happier,less stressed and even
个问句,反问自己结伴镀炼的目的。另外,根据设空
more optimistic.37."Showing thankfulness can
处后一句中的“Or”可以推断。设空处与下文是并列
foster self-control,"said Ye Li,researcher at the
关系,设空处也应是一般疑问句。所以D项“你想在
University of California.
你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?”符合
E.It can also help us practice more patience
语境。故选D。
◆解题思路
[典例2](2022·浙江高考1月)
E本题可根据递进关系解题。本段第一句讲到
Pick the most important.
了“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits'”,室前讲到了
12 Focus on spending time that for you is
一些好处,因此,空处讲到的应该还是好处,E项“它
fun and productive.I chose the life of an adviser be-
也可以帮助我们练习更多耐心”符合语境,E项中的
cause I like to work with companies,but don't want
also与上句形成了递进关系。故选E。
the life of a big company CEO.My choices are based
[典例3](2022·全国乙卷)
on the lifestyle I want.
Make sure you have communicated with your
D.Make choices about what is meaningful in
friend about how frequently each of you wants to be
your life.
contacted and what method works best for you both.
◆解题思路
37.There are alternatives to constant written
D根据段落标题“Pick the most important..”可
知,本段建议挑选最重要的,下文“Focus on spending
communication,such as leaving voice messages or
time that for you is fun and productive.(把时间花在
having a group chat.
那些对你来说有趣和高有成效的事情上。)”说明要挑
B.Compensate by writing letters.
◆解题思路
选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做,D项中的
B上文“Make sure you have communicated
“what is meaningful in your life'”与标题中的“the
most important'”一致,下文是对“Make choices”具体
with your friend about how frequently each of you
解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”
wants to be contacted and what method works best
符合语境。故选D。
for you both.”(确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过,了解
你们彼此希望联系的次数,以及哪种沟通方式最适合
技巧亢】
从词汇线索上判断一代词
你们两人。)提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式,B项
英语表达中,代词出现的频率极高,代词的作用
“可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中一种沟通方式:写
是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念,巧妙利用这样
信,下文“There are alternatives to constant written
的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快
communication,such as leaving voice messages or
速地解题。
having a group chat.”(除了不断的文字交流,还有其
[典例1](2023·新课标I卷)
他方式,比如发语音或者组建群聊。)补充了发语音等
You could ask a friend or family member to help
其他沟通方式,其中“constant written communica
add to your list.39 That way,you could ex-
tion”呼应了B项的“writing letters'”。故选B项。
change thoughts on what makes each of you special
技巧五“从行文逻辑上判断一并列关系
and the aspects of your personality that shine
through.In fact,don't wait until you've made a mis-
如果空格前后两句话中有first(首先,第一),
take to try this-it's a great way to boost self-con-
second(第二),third(第三):firstly(第一,首先),sec
fidence at any time.
ondly(第二,其次),thirdly(第三):first(第一),next
C.They might even like to have a go at doing
(其次),then(那么,然后):in the first place(第一,首
the exercise.
先),in the second place(第二,其次);for one thing
◆解题思路
(首先,一则),for another(其次);to begin with(首
C根据空后内容“That way,you could ex
先,第一),to conclude(最后)等连接词或词组,则表
change thoughts on what makes each of you special
明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系,空格处很有可能是
and the aspects of your personality that shine
个表示并列的句子。
through.(这样,你们就可以交换意见,谈谈是什么让
第一部分技法指导篇
你们每个人都与众不同,以及你们个性中闪光的方
[典例2](2022·浙江高考1月)
面。)”可知,空处提到了某种方式,这种方式会使得你
Lighten up.
和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even
The world won't come to an end in most cases
like to have a go at doing the exercise..(他们甚至可
just because you left a few things undone.Celebrate
能想试着练习一下。)”符合语境,C项中的“they”与
progress and keep refining(改进)toward a happy
空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to
productive existence.15 Every completion is a
help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加
small victory that adds up in a big way.
你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保
G.This is why making lists is important in any
持一致,同时选项C和下文“In fact,don't wait until
productivity handbook.
you've made a mistake to try this-it's a great way
◆解题思路
to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上,不要等
G下文"Every completion is a small victory
到你犯了错误才去尝试这个一—这是一个在任何时候
that adds up in a big way.(每一次的完成都是一个小
都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
的胜利,累积起来就是一个大的胜利。)”说明事情要
[典例2](2020·浙江卷)
一件一件去做,G项中的“making lists”与之呼应,因
I experienced years of loneliness as a child.
此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册
31 His friends teased him about babysitting his
中都很重要的原因。”符合语境,this指代上文“The
sister and his interests were far different from mine.
world won't come to an end in most cases just be-
With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I
cause you left a few things undone.Celebrate pro-
had to spend hours by myself.
gress and keep refining(改进)toward a happy pro
G.My older brother couldn't be bothered to play
ductive existence.(在大多效情况下,世界不会因为
with me.
你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步,不断改进走
◆解题思路
向一个快乐而富有成效的存在。)”解释了列出清单一
G设空在段中,应是承前启后句。根据后文
件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。
"His friends teased him about babysitting his sister
技巧几从词汇线索上判断—上下文词/同二范畴词
and his interests were far different from mine."
知,设空句应提及“his”的身份,即G项中的“Myol
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者或
der brother'”,且G项“我哥哥懒得和我一起玩。”在此
可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样
的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
起到了承上启下的作用。故选G项。
[典例1](2019·新课标卷1)
技巧七从词汇线索上判断二同文7近艾词
Recently,people have begun studying the con-
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义
nection between the natural world and healing
表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用,这是我们解题的一
)38 In these places patients can go to be
个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言,上文讲的代
near nature during their recovery.It turns out that
词和下文将涉及的上下义词同一范畴词都是特殊的
just looking at green,growing things can reduce
同义近义词。
stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a
[典例1](2023·新课标I卷)
better mood().Greenery is good for us.Hospi-
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive
tal patients who see tree branches out their window
step,but don't beat yourself up about them.To err
are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients
(犯错)is human..36 You can use the following
who see buildings or sky instead.Being in nature re-
writing exercise to help you do this.
freshes us.It gives us a great feeling of peace.
D.It's just as important to show yourself some
G.All across the country,recovery centers have
forgiveness.
begun building Healing Gardens.
◆解题思路
◆解题思路
D根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for
G设空处前一句中的关键词healing与G项中
mistakes is a positive step,but don't beat yourself
的Healing对应,G项中的recovery与设空处后一句
up about them.To err((犯错)is human.(为错误承
中的recovery对应。此外,G项中出现Healing Gar-
担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责。人孰能无
dens,后一句马上出现In these places来指代Healing
过。)”可知,作者认为人都会犯错,勇于承担责任固然
Gardens,因此答案是G项。
重要,但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Y0u
[典例2](2023·浙江1月卷)
can use the following writing exercise to help you do
Arrive early.Most trains operate just once a day
his.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一
and some run only three times a week,so missing
点。)”中的“d0this”以及下文内容可推断,空处内容
yours can be a disaster.39 Note:The times lis-
应该和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It's just as im
ted on the schedules are departure times,not arrival
portant to show yourself some forgiveness..(宽怒自
times.
己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近,起承上
E.You might have to wait longer than 24 hours
启下的作用。故选D。
to catch the next one.
15
英语
◆解题思路
技巧十从试题位置上判断二问题在段尾
E本题可利用词汇同现解题。空前的句子提供
的信息是“大多数火车一天只有一个班次,甚至有的
所选答案应引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中
火车一周只有三个班次,所以错过一班车简直是一种
找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头
灾难”,选项E“你可能得等超过24小时,才能赶上下
是否有关联。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选
一趟火车。”是对空前句子的进一步解释。空前的
项紧密相连。分析与前文是转折还是对比关系。此
“once a day'”“only three times a week”和选项E中
时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词,同
的“longer than24 hours'”是词汇同现,都是“时间”范
时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形
畴的词汇。故选E。
成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾设题,要认真
技巧几从试题位置上判断一问题在段首”
阅读,看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提
出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号
假如问题出现在段首,它通常是段落主题句。认
词如转折词引出来,正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表
或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文
示结果,结论、总结等的信息词,如:therefore,as a re-
第一、二句,锁定线索词,然后在选项中查找相关特征
sult,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in
词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空格后的第一句在
a word等词语,选项中也可能发现前文的同义词句。
意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句间会有某种衔接手
[典例1](2023·全国甲卷)
段,尤其当选项是几句话时。
Here's a riddle:What do traffic jams,long
[典例1](2024·新课标I卷)
lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in
38 It should give you a precise definition of each
common?There's one answer:
36
word,thus differentiating it from other words whose
G.They're all situations where we could use a little
meanings are similar,but not identical.It will also usually
extra patience
show how the word is pronounced.
◆解题思路
E.Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling.
G根据上文“Here's a riddle:What do traffic
◆解题思路
jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start
E下文“It should give you a precise definition
all have in common?There's one answer.(这里有一
of each word,thus differentiating it from other
个谜语:交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共
words whose meanings are similar,but not identi-
同之处?答案只有一个)”可知,本句说明上文谜语的
cal.It will also usually show how the word is pro-
答案,结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况
nounced..(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义,从而将
可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下,我们都
其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通
需要一点颜外的耐心”符合语境,故选G
常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能,E选
[典例2](2024·全国甲卷)
"Of course,a dictionary is not only for spelling.
Eat with others whenever possible.Eating
(当然,字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部
alone,especially in front of the TV or computer,of-
分功能,能引起下文内容。
ten leads to mindless overeating.And be careful
[典例2](2024·全国甲卷)
about the foods you keep at hand.It's more chal-
40 A healthy breakfast can start your me-
lenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy
tabolism(新陈代谢),while eating small,healthy
snacks at the ready,like cookies.38
meals keeps your energy up all day.Avoid eating
E.Instead,surround yourself with healthy choices.
late at night.Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for
◆解题思路
14-16 hours until breakfast the next morning.Stud-
E上文“lt's more challenging to eat in moder-
ies suggest that eating only when you're most active
ation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready,like
and giving your digestive system a long break each
cookies..(如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食,比如
day may help to regulate weight.
饼千,那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出,吃不健
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
康的食物不利于适度饮食,E项“相反,你应该选择健
◆解题思路
康的食物。”符合文意,建议读者选择健康的食物。选
A设空处位于段首,总结全段,下文“A healthy
项中的“healthy'”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。
breakfast can start your metabolism(新陈代谢),
[典例3](2023·新课标1卷)
while eating small,healthy meals keeps your energy
At the top of a second page,put the heading
up all day.Avoid eating late at night.Try to eat din-
ner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours until breakfast
"Acts of kindness."On this one,list all the positive
the next morning..(健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代
things you've done for others.It might be the time
谢,而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充
when you helped a friend with their homework,
沛,避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭,禁食14-16
when you did the ironing without being asked,or
个小时,直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出,我们在一天
when you baked cookies after the family hadhad a
中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适
tiring day.38
当饮食。”符合语境。
F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might
seem,write it down.
16
第一部分技法指导篇
◆解题思路
[典例4](2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
F根据上文内容“At the top of a second page,.
OChoose mindfully.Overvisited destinations
put the heading 'Acts of kindness.'On this one,
are that way for a reason:they're special.With so
list all the positive things you've done for others.It
many online posts featuring the same places,it's
might be the time when you helped a friend with
easy to feel like you're missing out.Go somewhere
their homework,when you did the ironing without
only when the landscape,culture or food deeply
draws you.37
being asked,or when you baked cookies after the
C.Travel for you and no one else.
family hadhad a tiring day..(在第二页的顶部,写上
◆解题思路
·善举’的标题。在这张单子上,列出你为别人做过的
C前文“Overvisited destinations are that way
所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的
for a reason:they're special.With so many online
时候,当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候,或者当
posts featuring the same places,it's easy to feel like
你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知,本段主
you're missing out.Go somewhere only when the
要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F
landscape,culture or food deeply draws you.
"Whatever it is,no matter how small it might seem,
过多的目的地是有原因的:它们很特别。网上有这么
多关于同一个地方的帖子,很容易让你觉得你错过
write it down.(不管是什么,不管它看起来有多小,
了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时,才去某
都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致,讲述的是不管你
个地方。)”表明不要跟风旅游,C选项“为你而不是其
所做的事情有多小,只要是好的事情,都记下来。故
他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受,忠实自
选F。
己的感受,不用管其余的建议,符合语境。
完形填空
No.1高考命题趋势
选材特点
素养考查
设题特点
以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主:短
选材内容来源于真实生活,平淡考查词性更加集中,以实词为主,动词
文一般按照时间线索行文,内部
叙述中流露人间真情,体现出理占据了半壁江山,对虚词的考查减少
逻辑清晰,层次分明。
性思维、人文情怀、参与社会等中
到几乎没有。这说明更加注重对文章
学生应该具备的人文素养。
语境的理解和把握。
N0.2高分必备技法
技法一
董首句,易入题
44.A.improved
B.assessed
完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过
C.admired
D.praised
把握首句,可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时
◆解题思路
间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向,达到顺
本题考查词的复现。句意:我尽力把一个意大利
利“人题”的目的。
语句子串在一起,当地人对我微笑,称赞我的语言技
[典例1](2023·新课标I卷)
能。A.improved改进;B.assessed评估;C.admired
On Oct.11,hundreds of runners competed in a
钦佩;D.praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at
cross-country race in Minnesota.
me”以及下文“That encouragement'”可推知,此处指
◆解题思路
作者尽力说意大利语,当地人赞杨作者的语言能力。
本篇文章的首句清楚地交代了发生的事情
故答案选D。
(hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country
[典例3](2024·全国甲卷)
race),发生的地,点(in Minnesota),发生的时间(On
One day,we had a family dinner.While the
Oct.11),由此我们可以顺利的入题。
adults were busy with their serious talk outside,I
技法二
享复现,找答案
was left alone in the 41 to help my grandmother
完形填空选项的设置,命题人往往通过原词复
wash dishes.
现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、上下词复
41.A.sitting room
B.kitchen
现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时,在把握语
C.yard
篇、透析语境的前提下,应留心选项中是否有与上下文中
D.dining hall
相对应的词汇,运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。
◆解题思路
[典例2](2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)
本题考查词的复现。句意:当大人们在外面忙于
But every time I tried to 43(string)a sen-
严肃的谈话时,我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。
tence of Italian together,the locals smiled at me and
A.sitting room客斤;B.kitchen厨房;C.yard院子;
44 my language skills.That encouragement
D.dining hall餐厅。根据下文“to help my grand-
helped me to get through the language 45 (barri-
mother wash dishes”可推知,此处指作者在厨房洗
er).
碗。故选B。
17