阅读理解-【创维设计】2025年高考英语总复习阅读完形100篇（新高考）

第一部分技法指导篇 第一部分 技法指导篇 阅读理解 ☆细节理解题☆ No.1高考命题趋势 考情解读 考查特点 (1)文章的细节对于理解全文内容至关重I,把握细节理解题的常见设问方式 要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when,where,what,which,who,how 的基础。 much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。 (2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求，(2)判断是非的形式：含有True/False,Not true或EXCEPT等 阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准 词的判断是非问题。 确地寻求所需的细节。 (3)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。 (3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思(4)就文中数字，排序等提问。 即可答题：有时则较为间接，需要归纳、 Ⅱ.明晰细节理解题的考查角度 概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占(1)高频考点：直接信息题：间接信息题。 阅读理解总题量的60%左右。 (2)低频考点：数字计算题：正误判断题：细节排序题。 N0.2高分必备技法 技法一 直接信息题：定位比对找答案 [典例2](2024·全国甲卷，A) 第二步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。 Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity 第二步采取速读技巧快速定位原文信息，仔细比 From webs to cocoons,invertebratest(无脊椎动 create some of nature's most delicate and beauti- 对选项和文中细节，进而确定答案。 ful designs.Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Mu- [典例1](2024·新课标I卷，A) seum of Natural History to learn how insects and AGE,SKILLS,WHAT TO BRING other invertebrates dance,inspire fashion and create Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age art,while making your own spineless artists out of of15. craft(手工艺)materials.. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement 23.What can you do together with Javier Marin? Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the A.Practice a traditional dance. parent/guardian approval section signed. B.Make handcrafts. 22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habi- C.Visit a local museum. tat Restoration Team? D.Feed invertebrates. A.5. B.10. ◆解题思路 C.15. D.18. 细节理解题。由“Spineless Artists:Invertebrate ◆解题思路 Creativity'”部分中“.，while making your own spine- 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged less artists out of craft materials.”可知，Javier Marin l0 and over are welcome.(欢迎10岁及以上的志愿 的活动包括用手工艺材料制作无脊椎动物。因此，可 者。)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是 以确定你可以和Javier Marin一起制作手工艺品。 10岁。故选B。 故选B。 英语 技法三 间接信息题：同文互释定答案 22.How much do you pay for renting a bike with 第一步看题目，从题干中提取关键信息」 hand brake and three gears for two days? 第二步 采取速读技巧寻找原文信息，将题目信息 A.€15.75. B.€19.50. 与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，将确定的文章信息 C.€22.75. D.€29.50. 进行加工处理，进行进一步的辨别，进而确定答案。 ◆解题思路 [典例3](2024·全国甲卷，A) 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和 Light Awash in Watercolor 三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，颜外增加天数每 Learn about the materials and qualities of wa- 天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天 tercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art 需要14.75十8=22.75欧元。故选C。 Museums Materials Lab.Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will 技法四 信息排序题：首尾定位巧排序 be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercol- 此类题目要求考生根据动作发生的时间顺序及句子 ors 1880-1990:Into the Light. 之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。 22.Which program will you join if you're interested 可采用“首尾定位”，即先找出第一件事情和最后 in drawing pictures? A.Light Awash in Watercolor. 件事情，迅速缩小范围，快速选出正确答案。 B.Spineless Artists:Invertebrate Creativity. [典例6们 C.Wheel Throwing. A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking D.Knitting and Pom-Pom Making. him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic ◆解题思路 (过敏的)reaction which stopped his heart. 细节理解题。由“Light Awash in Watercolor”部 Izzy,nine,restarted father Colm's heart by 分中的“Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists'”可知，“Light Awash in Watercolor” stamping (on his chest after he fell down at 这个活动涉及绘画技巧的实践和体验。如果你对绘 home and stopped breathing. 画感兴趣，可以选择这个活动。故选A。 Izzy's mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 「典例4(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，A】 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars save her father,so decided to use CPR. Walking at night-time is a great way to step out However,she quickly discovered her arms of your comfort zone.Breathtaking views of the low- weren't strong enough,so she stamped on her lands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of father's chest instead. welcoming guides from local walking clubs.A torch (手电筒)along with suitable clothing is essential for Debbie then took over with some more conven- walking in the dark.Those who are dressed inappro- tional chest compressions()until the ambulance priately will be refused permission to participate. arrived. 22.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her A.Wear proper clothes. school,said,"I just kicked him really hard.My mum B.Join a walking club. taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough C.Get special permits. to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I D.Bring a survival guide. ◆解题思路 might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said 细节理解题。根据文章“Walk3一Moonlight Un- that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint der the Stars"部分中的“Those who are dressed inap on his chest. propriately will be refused permission to participate. “She's a little star,”said Debbie,“I was really (穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加。)”可知，第三种步行方 upset but Izzy just took over.I just can't believe 案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A。 what she did.I really think all children should be 技活三 数字计算题：“加减乘除巧破解 taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned 第一步仔细分析题干，抓牢关键信息。 up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to 第二步从文章中找出包含该信息的段落，运用数 the hospital and we've got to see an expert." 学公式计算。 Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery aller- [典例5] (2023·新课标I卷，A) gic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, Prices but was sent home only for it to happen again the Hand Brake.Three Gears Foot Brake.No Gears next day.The second attack was so serious that his 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his 3 hours blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart €11.00 €7.50 stopped for a moment. I day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 He has now made a full recovery from his suf- Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 fering. 第一部分技法指导篇 Q:What's the right order of the events? [温馨提示] ①Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called999. 细节理解题干扰选项特征 ③Izzy learned CPR. DColm's heart stopped. (1)张冠李戴：是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容 A.③①②④ B.④②③① (2)无中生有：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 C.③④②① D.④③①② (3)曲解文意：与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个 ◆解题思路 细节处有些变动。 通过速读原文我们可知第一件事是Izzy learned (4)颠倒是非：在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 CPR,而最后一件事是Izzy kicked Colm,故选C。 (5)正误参半：部分正确，部分错误。 ☆ 推理判断题☆ No.1高考命题趋势 考情解读 考查特点 (1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的 I,把握推理判断题常见的命题方式 基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和(l)We can infer from the(first/last)passage that 细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，(2)The passage./author implies/suggests that 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义(3)It can be concluded from the passage that 的过程。 (4)The main purpose of the passage is (2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的(5)Where does this passage probably come[rom? 能力以及考生的识别能力。 (6)What's the author's attitude towards...? (3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中(7)The writer developed the passage./his main idea by 某一句话，也可能是某儿句话，要求考(8)The first/.last paragraph serves as a(n) 生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字 Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度 面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示 (1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。 其深层含义。 (2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。 N0,2高分必备技法 技法一 推断隐含意义：逻辑分析得结论 he may be right:Since 1982,membership in the 第一步”确定题干中的关键信息。 American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association 第二步在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，再 has grown from30 to over700.(法伯确信，随着时 间的推移，整体医学疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去 进行推理判断。 有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的：自1982年以来，美 [典例1](2024·新课标I卷，B) 国整体兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多 Farber is certain that the holistic approach will 个。)”可知，法伯认为整体医学疗法会越来越受欢迎， grow more popular with time,and if the past is any 随后作者列举了美国整体兽医协会的会员已经从30 indication,he may be right:Since 1982,membership 个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协 in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Associ- 会是为证明法伯的观，点。故选A。 ation has grown from 30 to over 700."Sometimes it [典例2](2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，B) surprises me that it works so well,"he says."I will “You enter the fare gates(检票口)and you'll do anything to help an animal.That's my job. see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a 27.Why does the author mention the American Ho- one-minute,a three-minute,or a five-minute sto- listic Veterinary Medical Association? ry,"says Alicia Trost,the chief communications of- A.To prove Farber's point. ficer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit- B.To emphasize its importance. known as BART."You choose which length you C.To praise veterinarians. want and it gives you a receipt-like short story. D.To advocate animal protection. 24.Why did BART start the kiosk program? ◆解题思路 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is A.To promote the local culture. certain that the holistic approach will grow more B.To discourage phone use. C.To meet passengers'needs. popular with time,and if the past is any indication, D.To reduce its running costs. 英语 ◆解题思路 you only read one book on the subject,this is it." 推理判断题。根据第三段“You enter the fare 知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AIby gates(检票口)and you''ll see a kiosk that is lit up Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelli- and it tells you can get a one-minute,a three-mi- gece一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南， nute,or a five-minute story,'says Alicia Trost,the 从商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的 chief communications officer for the San Francisco 重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防 Bay Area Rapid Transit-known as BART.'You 潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关 choose which length you want and it gives you a re- 于人工智能的书。故选A。 ceipt-like short story..’(旧金山湾区捷运系统 [典例4](2023·全国甲卷，C) (BART)首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：‘你进入检票 Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a 口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到 train ride between cities and then frames each 一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事。你可以选择你想要 philosopher's work in the context(背景)of one 的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。)”可 thing they can help us do better.The end result is a 知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中 read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates,see 的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌 like Thoreau,listen like Schopenhauer,and have no 来打发时间。故选C。 regrets like Nietzsche.This,more than a book about 技法二 推断写作意图：文体特点看意图 understanding philosophy,is a book about learning 写作意图通常有以下三种： to use philosophy to improve a life. (1)to entertain readers/to tell an experience- 常 29.Why does the author list great philosophers in 见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文章。 Paragraph 4? (2)to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service to A.To compare Weiner with them. attract readers or visitors常见于广告。 B.To give examples of great works. (3)to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe C.To praise their writing skills. 常见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会 D.To help readers understand Weiner's book. 生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议性的文章。 ◆解题思路 [典例3](2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，D) 根据题千中的“the author”“list great philoso Given the astonishing potential of AI to trans- phers”“in Paragraph4”等关键信息可知，本题需从 form our lives,we all need to take action to deal 细节推断写作意图，要充分利用上下文内容确定写作 with our Al-powered future,and this is where Alby 意图。通读该段，特别是该段尾句可知，在列举了几 Design:A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelli- 位伟大的哲学家后，作者指出，这不仅仅是一本关于 gence comes in.This absorbing new book by Catrio- 理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改 na Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the 善生活的书。据此可以推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲 challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution 学家是为了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书。 (变革). 故选D。 技法三 推断观点态度：依据措辞定态度 AI will affect us all.and if you only read one 常见有关作者情感态度的词语 book on the subject,this is it. 35.What is the author's purpose in writing the text? ①表示支持或肯定 A.To recommend a book on Al. positive积极乐观的：supportive支持的；optimistic B.To give a brief account of Al history. 乐观的；humorous幽默的：enthusiastic热情的； C.To clarify the definition of AI. pleasant令人愉快的。 D.To honor an outstanding Al expert. ②表示中立 ◆解题思路 indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the aston 不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；not ishing potential of Al to transform our lives,we all mentioned未提及的。 need to take action to deal with our Al-powered fu- ③表示反对或否定 ture,...is a practical roadmap addressing the chal- disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative lenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution 否定的，消极的：suspicious/skeptical怀疑的：disap 革).”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all,and if pointed失望的：disapproving不赞成的。 第一部分技法指导篇 [典例5](2024·全国甲卷，C) deliberately twisted,especially when only the vic- Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The tors know how to write.Those who are on the los- train's equipment allows for basic checkups."I was ing side often have only their things to tell their sto- very impressed by the doctors and their assistants ries.The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aborigi- working and living in such little space but still sta- nals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all ying focused and very concerned,"says Ducke. of whom appear in this book,can speak to us now of "They were the best chance for many rural people to their past achievements most powerfully through the get the treatment they want." objects they made:a history told through things 31.What is Ducke's attitude toward the Saint Lukas' gives them back a voice.When we consider contact services? (between literate and non-literate societies A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful. such as these,all our first-hand accounts are neces- C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious. sarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are ◆解题思路 to find the other half of that conversation,we have 推断判断题。根据最后一段的“‘I was very im to read not just the texts,but the objects. pressed by the doctors and their assistants working 35.Which of the following books is the text most and living in such little space but still staying fo- likely selected from? cused and very concerned,'says Ducke.They were A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World. the best chance for many rural people to get the B.A Short History of Australia. treatment they want.'(‘医生和他们的助手在这么 C.A History of the World in 100 Objects. 小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和关心，这 D.How Art Works Tell Stories. 给我留下了深刻的印象，'Ducke说。‘这是许多农村 ◆解题思路 人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。')”可知，Ducke 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to 对Saint I,ukas的服务持赞赏的态度。故选A。 tell the history of the whole world,a history that 技法四推断文章出处：语言特色推出处 does not privilege one part of humanity,you cannot 从文章的关键词、内容、结构和体裁来判断其出处，如： do it through texts alone,because only some of the ①广告：语言比较简洁鲜明，有亮点。 world has ever had texts,while most of the world, ②报刊：时事性比较强，分不同的版块，在阅读中采 for most of the time,has not.（如果你想讲述整个世 用的报刊类文章一般以政治、生活为主。 界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为优先的历史，你 ③杂志：往往覆盖了生活的各个层面，更加贴近幕后 不能仅仅通过文字来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人 的一些东西。 的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大 ④产品说明书：对某器皿、设备等作出介绍并有操作 多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“If we are to 方式。 find the other half of that conversation,we have to ⑤药品说明：告知药品的服用时间、次数、药量等。 read not just the texts,but the objects..(如果我们要 ⑥网络：来自网络的文章文体不限，判断标准就是找 找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文字，还要读物 文中的网络标志语，如click here,download,upload, 品。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文字来讲述世界 limk(链接)，mouse(鼠标)等。 历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文字和物 [典例6](2023·全国乙卷，D) 品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件 If you want to tell the history of the whole 实物中的世界历史》。故选C。 world.a history that does not privilege one part of [温馨提示] humanity,you cannot do it through texts alone,be- 谨防推理判断2大错误 cause only some of the world has ever had texts, 推理判断题难度大，主要在于它的干扰项极具 while most of the world,for most of the time,has 迷惑性，极易转移考生视线，使他们掉入陷阱。考生 not.Writing is one of humanity's later achieve- 常出现的典型错误有： ments,and until fairly recently even many literate (1)张冠李戴：命题人把文章作者的观点与他人的观 (有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not on 点混淆起来，粗心的考生往往会不知不觉地中了 ly in writing but in things. 圈套。 (2)以偏概全：考生做题往往忽略了文章的主体，把 In addition to the problem of miscomprehension 注意力过度集中在某一点，最终得出“以偏概全” from both sides,there are victories accidentally or 的结论。 英语 ☆主旨大意题☆ NYo.1高考命题趋势 考情解读 考查特点 (1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对I,把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式 文章内容的深层次理解，它 (1)What would be the best title for the text?/What is the topic of the 要求考生在充分理解全文的 text? 前提下，对整篇文章的主旨 (2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is 大意有一个较为清晰的 印象。 (3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on (2)它既考查细节理解能力，又 (4)What is mainly discussed in the text? 考查深层次的推理，概括能 (5)What's the main point the writer is trying to make in the last para- 力，难度较大。 graph? (3)有时从文章的第一个段落，(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text'? 甚至第一个句子即可得出文 (7)The passage mainly focuses on 章的主旨要义：有时，文章的Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度 主旨要义则需从文章的字里 (1)主题类（内容），考查文章或段落的主旨大意： 行间进行推断。 (2)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。 N0,2高分必备技洁 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现， [典例2](2021·全国乙卷) 有以下五种情况： You've heard that plastic is polluting the 技法一 正三角形写作法 oceans-between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter 即中心主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题， ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic 随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思 straw or cup really make a difference?Artist Benja- min Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He 想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到 builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, 特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首。 forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to 大意题、标题一般可在第一段找到答题依据。 single-use plastic products. [典例1](2024·全国甲卷，B) At the beginning of the year,the artist built a Animals can express their needs using a lot of piece called "Strawpocalypse,"a pair of 10-foot-tall ways.For instance,almost all animals have distinct plastic waves,frozen mid-crash.Made of 168,000 plastic vocals(声音)that they rely on to either ask for straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups,the help,scare away any dangerous animals or look for sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam. amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have en- tire conversations with humans using meows and 31.Which of the following can be the best title for you're able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry,it the text? A.Artists'Opinions on Plastic Safety will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However,when a cat is looking for affection,they B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and ◆解题思路 uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed. 本文第一段主要介绍了Benjamin Von Wong用 Cats have many heightened senses,but their 回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品，然后又具休说明目 sense of smell is quite impressive... 的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人 Dogs are known for their impressive fetching 们对玫善环境问题的参与意识。故答案选D habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch... 技法二 倒兰角形写作法 27.What is a suitable title for the text? 即主题句出现在文尾。在细节后，归纳要点、印 A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B.Understanding Your Cat's Behavior 象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常 见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括 C.Have Fun with Your Cat 性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。 D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy [典例3](2024·1月浙江卷，D) ◆解题思路 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express As adults we face a version of the marshmallow their needs using a lot of ways..(动物可以用很多方 test every day.We're not tempted()by sugary 式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍 treats,but by our computers,phones,and tablets- 和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和取物的 all the devices that connect us to the global delivery 习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“U system for various types of information that do to us derstanding Your Cat's Behavior(了解你的穑的行 what marshmallows do to preschoolers. 为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。 a年+ 第一部分技法指导篇 A similar process is at work in our response to 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? information.Our formative environment as a species A.Rescuing School Gardens was information-poor,so our brains developed a B.Experiencing Country Life mechanism that prized new information.But global C.Growing Vegetable Lovers connectivity has greatly changed our information en- D.Changing Local Landscape vironment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded ◆解题思路 with new information.Therefore,just as we 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, need to be more thoughtful about our caloric con- says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher star- sumption,we also need to be more thoughtful about ted Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four our information consumption,resisting the tempta- low-income schools.The program aims to help students tion of the mental "junk food"in order to manage develop science skills,environmental awareness,and our time most effectively. healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text? 说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了·Ur A.Eat Less.Read More ban Sprouts’学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培 B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans 养科学能力、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后 C.The Later,the Better 一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening D.The Marshmallow Test for Grownups that they bring home seeds to start their own vege- ◆解题思路 table gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他 主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a 们把种子带回家，开始种植自己的莱国)”以及下文内 version of the marshmallow test every day.We're 容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低 not tempted(诱惑)by sugary treats,but by our 收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健 computers,phones,and tablets -all the devices 康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验 that connect us to the global delivery system for va- 乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬莱种 rious types of information that do to us what marsh- 植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 mallows do to preschoolers..(作为成年人，我们每天 技活四 菱形写作法 都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我 们的电脑、手机和平板电脑一所有这些将我们与全 即主题句出现在文章的中间。通常前面只提出 球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用 问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引 就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章 申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。 主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面 典例5 对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃 The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very 圾食品”。故选D。 recent past.The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year,but generally takes place in 技法三 圆形写作法 November or December.It is well attended by tour- 即首尾呼应的写作方法。为突出主题，作者先提出 ists,but even better attended by locals. 主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也 During the opening ceremonies,after the official 较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复， greetings from the government leaders,people who 后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。 attend the festival begin to march smartly before the 典例4(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，B) viewing stands,and white camels transport their rid- Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting ers across the sands.Horsemen from different na- cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high tions display their beautiful clothes and their fine school kids.And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo, horsemanship.One following another,groups of mu- who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a sicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take school garden program at four low-income schools.The their turn to show off their wonderful traditional program aims to help students develop science skills, culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles. and beat drums as they dance in different designs. Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where On their knees in the sand,a group of women in long fresh food and green space are not easy to find and dark dresses dance with their hair:their long,dark, fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to "The kids literally come to school with bags of the rhythm of their dance. snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,"she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt Q:This passage mainly tells readers is awful,insects are awful."Though some are ini- A.what happens on the opening day of the Sahara tially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, Festival most are eager to try something new. B.how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival She adds that the program's benefits go beyond C.what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the nutrition.Some students get so interested in garden- Sahara Festival ing that they bring home seeds to start their own D.how animals race on the first and the last days of vegetable gardens.Besides,working in the garden the sahara festival seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special ◆解题思路 education students,many of whom have emotional 从文中第二段第一句话“During the opening cer- control issues..“They get outside,.”she says,“and emonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撤哈拉节”开 they feel successful." 幕式上的活动。故选A。 英语 技活五 正方形写作法 [典例7] 即中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题 Handshaking,though a European practice is of- ten seen in big cities of China,nobody knows exactly 句。阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来 when the practice started in Europe.It is said that 分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨 long long ago in Europe when people met,they 分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的 showed their unarmed(无武器的)hands to each 内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳 other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and 形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。 trade in cities grew rapidly,people in cities began to [典例6](2020·全国卷I,D) clap each other's hands to make a deal or to reach an The connection between people and plants has agreement.This practice was later changed into sha- long been the subject of scientific research.Recent king hands among friends on meeting or leaving each studies have found positive effects.A study conduc- other."Let's shake (hands)on it"sometimes means ted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered agreement reached. Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. go and with whomever they meet?No.Sometimes In another,employees were shown to be 15%more the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to productive when their workplaces were decorated be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand with houseplants. when the other party,especially when it is a woman, The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of shows little interest in shaking hands with you and Technology (MIT)have taken it a step further- when the meeting does not mean anything to him or changing the actual composition of plants in order to her.Even if,for politeness,he holds out his unwill- get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions. ing hand in answer to your uninvited hand,just tou- These include plants that have sensors printed onto ch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding their leaves to show when they're short of water and (误解)among the Chinese that westerners are usu- a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in ground- ally open and straightforward,while the Chinese are water."We're thinking about how we can engineer rather reserved(保守的)in manner..But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than plants to replace functions of the things that we use some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake every day,"explained Michael Strano,a professor of hands with a westerner only when he shows interest chemical engineering at MIT. in further relations with you. One of his latest projects has been to make Q:The first paragraph mainly tells us plants glow(发光)in experiments using some com A.where handshaking was first practised mon vegetables.Strano's team found that they could B.how handshaking came about create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The C.about the relationship between handshaking and trade light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to D.about the practice of handshaking both in Eu- read by,is just a start.The technology.Strano said, rope and in China ◆解题思路 could one day be used to light the rooms or even to 文章第一段说明了握手的来历，实际上也就是谈 turn trees into self-powered street lamps. 论握手是怎样产生的。故选B。 In the future,the team hopes to develop a ver- sion of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant [温馨提示] leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the 1.找主题句的五个小窍门 plant's lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop (l)段落中出现表转折的词语（如however,but,in an on and off "switch"where the glow would fade when fact,actually,while,on the contrary,in contrast 等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。 exposed to daylight. (2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是 Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total 主题句。 electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is of- (3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨：反 ten far removed from the power source(电源) 复出现的词语，一股为体现文章主旨的关键词。 such as the distance from a power plant to street (主旨句常包含关键词) lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost (4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的 during transmission ()Glowing plants could 内容可能是主题句。 reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. (5)表示总结或结论的词语常有therefore,in short, 35.Which of the following can be the best title for conclude,conclusion等。 2.主旨大意题的干扰项特征 the text? (1)以偏概全：只闸述了文章的部分内容，也就是文 A.Can we grow more glowing plants? 章的局部信息。 B.How do we live with glowing plants? (2)无中生有或似是而非：有的干扰项中的关键词语 C.Could glowing plants replace lamps? 好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现 D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 这些词语与文章的内容毫无联系。 ◆解题思路 (3)主题扩大：归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际 本题考查对全文主旨的归纳概括。阅读全文可 讨论的内容。 知，本文讲述的是科学家进行的发光植物试验，未来 (4)张冠李戴：命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B 发光植物有可能取代电灯，让人们获得更多益处。因 的身上，构成一个干扰项。在考生不注意的情况 此C选项意思最符合本文主旨。故选C。 下，会造成错选答案。 一部分技法指导篇 ☆词句猜测题☆ N0.1高考命题趋势 考情解读 考查特点 (1)正确理解文章中单词或短语的含 I.把握词句猜测题常见的命题方式 义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解 (1)The phrase"..."in the sentence could be replaced by 文章的基础。 (2)The word "..."in the paragraph refers to (2)英语单词的含义并非完全等同于 (3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph?/ 词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义 What does the underlined word mean? 在不同的语境中会有所不同。能 (4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase "..." 根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的 (5)The word“..”most probably means 词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定 (6 )The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that 的阅读理解能力。 (3)阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去 Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度 未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词 (1)猜测生词或熟词生义： 义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是 (2)猜测短语的意义： 阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。 (3)猜测替代词所替代的内容（如it,one,they,this,that,these,.those等）： (4)猜测句意。 N0.2高分必备技法 技活一 利用构词法猜词 ◆解题思路 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the comput- 成的新词。考生可以根据构词法猜测词义。 er code(代码)that powers AI but,thankfully, [典例1](2020·天津卷，B改编) Campbell has more than two decades'professional The President's eyes,brightened at her show of experience translating the heady into the under- spirit."Sorry,madam,I have underestimated you as I standable.She writes from the practical angle of a didn't know your background. business person rather than as an academic,making Which of the following words is closest in mean- for a guide which is highly accessible and informative ing to the underlined word“underestimated”? and which.by the close,will make you feel almost A.Overvalued. B.Undervalued. as smart as Al..(这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能 C.Appreciated. D.Disliked. 的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有 ◆解题思路 20多年的专业经验，可以将晦涩的内容转化为可理 根据构词法知识可知，under-为前缓，表示“在… 解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的 之下”，estimate(估计；估算：估价)为词根，因此，我们可 角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指 猜测underestimate为“低估，轻视”之意。故选B。 南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪 明。)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果 技法二】 利用同义近艾词猜词 别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义 表示“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C。 或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生 技法三 利用反艾词猜词 词的含义。常见的表示同义近义的信号词有：and, 有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意 or,similarly,likewise等。 思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜 [典例2](2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，D) 测词义。常见的表示对比或反义的信号词/词组有： In the wrong hands,such a book could prove as (whether)...or,unlike,but,yet,however,while,al- complicated to process as the computer code() though,nevertheless,instead,rather than,in con- that powers AI but,thankfully,Campbell has more trast,on the contrary,on the other hand等。 than two decades'professional experience translating [典例3](2021·新高考卷I) the heady into the understandable.She writes from When the explorers first set foot upon the con- the practical angle of a business person rather than tinent of North America,the skies and lands were as an academic,making for a guide which is highly alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural accessible and informative and which,by the close, resources wisely.Unfortunately,it took the explor- will make you feel almost as smart as Al. ers and the settlers who followed only a few decades 32.What does the phrase“In the wrong hands”in to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions Paragraph 2 probably mean? of waterfowl (K)were killed at the hands of mar- A.If read by someone poorly educated. ket hunters and a handful of overly ambitious B.If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried C.If written by someone less competent. to feed and house the ever-increasing populations. D.If translated by someone unacademic. greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(柄息地)， 英语 29.What does the underlined word "decimate"mean ◆解题思路 in the first paragraph? 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs A.Acquire. B.Export. are known for their impressive fetching habit,.”和后 C.Destroy D.Distribute. "Many cats will find random objects outside and ◆解题思路 bring them to their owners.”可知，猫通过带回物品 由划线词所在句的“Unfortunately”可知，划线词 给主人来表示爱意，这种行为比狗的取物行为更上一 的词义与上文提到的“taken care of'”相反，再结合下 层楼。短语take.·up a notch是用来形容猫在带 文提到的“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands 回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 [典例6](2023·新课标I卷，C) of market hunters..,.”可判断出，decimate与destroy意义 Part one concludes by introducing my suggested 相近，表示“破坏，毁灭”。故选C。 method for adopting this philosophy:the digital de- 技法四 利用逻辑关系猜词 clutter.This process requires you to step away from 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立 optional online activities for thirty days.At the end 的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。考生可以利 of the thirty days,you will then add back a small num- 用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析 ber of carefully chosen online activities that you believe 进而推测词义。常见的上下文之间的关系有：因果关系、 will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29. What does the underlined word“declutter”in 转折关系，并列关系、递进关系、解释关系等。 [典例4](2023·全国乙卷，D) Paragraph 3 mean? A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. In addition to the problem of miscomprehension C.Check-in. D.Take-over. from both sides,there are victories accidentally or ◆解题思路 deliberately twisted,especially when only the vic- 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process re- tors know how to write.Those who are on the losing quires you to step away from optional online activi- side often have only their things to tell their stories. ties for thirty days..(这个过程要求你在30天内远离 The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals, 可选的在线活动。)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意 the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of 思是“清理”，即建议清理掉数字化的东西。故选A。 whom appear in this book,can speak to us now of 技法五 利用定义和解释猜词 their past achievements most powerfully through the 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键 objects they made:a history told through things 词给予定义，考生可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意 gives them back a voice.When we consider contact 思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定 (between literate and non-literate societies 语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出 such as these,all our first-hand accounts are neces- 并加以解释说明的方式。下定义时，作者通常使用信 sarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue.If we are 号词/词组，如i.e.,is,are,is/are called,mean,refer to find the other half of that conversation,we have to,known as,that is,namely等。 to read not just the texts,but the objects. [典例7](2020·全国卷Ⅲ，B) 34.What does the underlined word "conversation"in Yet“Apes”is more exception than the rule.ln Paragraph 3 refer to? fact,Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. A.Problem. B.History. One nonprofit organization,which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment,is C.Voice. D.Society. keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this ◆解题思路 year.Already,a number of films,including "Water 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的内容及画线词后 for Elephants,"“The Hangover PartⅡ”and“Zoo 的“we have to read not just the texts,but the ob keeper,"have drawn the anger of activists who say the jects'”可知，记录历史不能只用文字，而是使文字和物 creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly. 品相结合，画线词所在句指出，如果我们想要解读“对 26.What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs 话”的另一半，就要结合文字与物品。由此可推知，画 on"in paragraph 3 probably mean? 线词实际上指历史。故选B。 A.Listing completely. [典例5](2024·全国甲卷，B) B.Directing professionally. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching C.Promoting successfully. habit,but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many D.Watching carefully. cats will find random objects outside and bring them ◆解题思路 根据第三段画线前的句子“()ne nonprofit organ- to their owners.This is a very old habit that's been ization,which monitors the treatment of animals in present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物).Cats filmed entertainment(一个非营利组织，监控动物在 bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. 电影娱乐中的待遇)”以及下文“Already,a number These adorable little hunters are just doing some- of films,including Water for Elephants,'.The thing that it's been in their nature since the begin- Hangover PartⅡ'and‘Zookeeper,'have drawn ning of time.So just go along with it! the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in 26.Which best explains the phrase "take...up them haven't been treated properly.(许多电影，包括 notch”in Paragraph3? 《大象的眼泪》，《宿醉Ⅱ》和《管理员》，引起了动物保 A.Perform appropriately. 护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的 B.Move faster. 对待。)”由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利 C.Act strangely. 组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断 D.Do better. 出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D。 10