Unit 1 Wise men in history 知识清单（七大知识题型）总梳理-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册重难点讲练全攻略（沪教牛津版）

Unit 1 Wise men in history 知识清单（七大知识题型）总梳理 ·模块一 课本词汇清单 ·模块二 词汇详解清单 ·模块三 重点短语清单 ·模块四 核心知识清单 ·模块五 重点语法清单 ·模块六 书面表达清单 ·模块七 当堂限时检测 模块一 课本词汇清单 1. wise adj. 聪明的 unwise adj. 不聪明的 wisdom n. 智慧 2.a type of 一种 different types of... 不同种类的 different kinds of ... 不同种类的 3. agreement n. 同意 agree v. 同意，赞成 disagree v. 不同意 agree with sb 同意某人 agree on /upon sth 就某事取得一致意见 agree to do sth同意做某事 4. try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做做某事 5. confirmation (n.) 确认 confirm (v.) 确认，证实 6. Europe 欧洲—European 欧洲的，欧洲人 Greece希腊—Greek 希腊人，希腊人的，希腊语 Egypt 埃及 —Egyptian 埃及人，埃及人的，埃及语 7.scientist 科学家 science 科学 scientific 科学的 painter 画家 paint (v.) 画 painting (n.) 画 8. gold n. 黄金 golden adj. 金色的，珍贵的 9. make v. 制造 maker n. 制造商 10.ask ab. to do sth. 要求某人去做某事 ask sb not to do sth. 要求某人不要做某事 warn, order, tell, invite, allow, teach等词用法一样 11.at first =at the beginning 起初,当初 first of all = first 首先，第一 12. be happy with = be pleased with = be satisfied with 对...满意的 13. begin/start to do sth=begin/start doing sth 开始做某事 14. doubt v. 怀疑，不能肯定 without doubt 毫无疑问地 There in no doubt 毫无疑问 15. real (adj.) 真的 really (adv.) 真正地 reality (n.) 现实，真实 truth n. 真相，事实 true adj. 真实的 tell the true 说实话 16. be made of 由...制成（看得出原材料） be made from 由...制成（看不出原材料） be made in 产地在...be made for 为...制造 be made up of =consist of 由...组成 17. completely= totally=wholly adv. 完全地 complete v. 完成 =finish 18. send sb sth=send sth to sb 把某物寄给某人 19. look for 寻找（过程） find 找到结果 find out +抽象名词 找出，弄清楚，弄明白 find out the truth 找出真相 20. seem “似乎，好像” 连系动词 seem + adj = seem to be + adj seem to be 看来，好像 seem to do 好像，似乎做 seem like =look like 好像 It seems that + 从句 21. fill sth. with sth. 用...装满... be filled with= be full of充满，挤满 22.run over 溢出 23. go straight (adv.) to the palace 径直走到宫殿 24. solve v. 解决 solution n. 解决方法 25. weigh v. 称重 weight n. 重量 put on weight 增肥 lose weight 减肥 26. ask for help 请求帮助 27.displace 取代，代替 instead of = replace with = in place of 替代 28.certainly (v.) = of course 当然，一定 I’m certain that... = I’m sure that ... 我确定 29.less than 少于 more than = over 超过 30.trick v. 欺骗 n. 诡计，恶作剧 play a trick on sb. = play a joke on sb. 捉弄某人 31.send sb to prison 把某人送进监狱 go to prison入狱 in prison 坐牢 prisoner n. 囚犯 32.be amazed at = be surprised at 对...感到惊讶 33.a large /small amount of + 不可数n. 谓语动词用单数，大量的 34.to tell the truth = to be honest 说实话 35.discuss(v.)sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事 discussion (n.) 讨论 36.description (n.) describe (v.) 描述 37. think of 想出，想起，认为 think about 考虑 38.dress as 装扮成 39.attend 出席，参加（正式场合） take part in = join in 参加活动 join 加入（团体，组织，俱乐部） 40. watch sb do sth 看某人做某事 watch sb doing sth 看某人正在做某事 41.crowd (n.) 人群 the crowd 一群人 crowded (adj.) 拥挤的 be crowded with 挤满... 42.a large scale (n.) 称 43. cut up 切碎 44.one ...another ... 一个...另一个... （无范围） one...the other... 一个...另一个... （两者之间） some...others... 一些...另一些... some...the others... 一些...其余的全部 45.take off 脱下，取下，起飞 46.add up 加起来 add...to... 把...加入 模块二 词汇详解清单 ◆考点1 doubt的用法 过去式和过去分词都是：doubted n. 疑虑；v. 怀疑。 There can be little doubt that he will offend again. 毋庸置疑他还会再犯的。 常用组合：in doubt 有疑惑、不确定 I always pray and ask advice from God when I am in doubt. 每当我迷惘无助时，我都会祈祷并向神求助。 ◆考点2 displace的用法 过去式和过去分词都是：displaced Vt. 移走、替换、取代、排水、撤职 Removing an existing tariff would clearly displace works in import-competing industries. 免除现有的关税显然会使与进口竞争的工业中的工人失业。 ◆考点3 fill 的用法 过去式和过去分词都是：filled Vt. & vi. （使）充满 Vt. 满足 n. 填满.. 的量 Please fill out the application form for me. 请把申请表格填一下。 【词组】be filled with = be full of 充满... The bottle is filled with water.瓶子里装满了水。 The bottle is full of water. ◆考点4 agreement的用法 n. 协定、同意、一致 【词根】agree v.同意，赞成 agree with 同意某人或某人的意见、看法；agree on/upon 通过协商取得一致意见或达成协议 Friendship means understanding, not agreement. It means forgiveness, not forgetting. It means the memories last, even if contact is lost. 友情是理解，不是妥协；是原谅，不是遗忘；记事不联系，感情依然在。 ◆考点5 solve 的用法 Vt. 解决、解答、清偿（债务） 过去式和过去分词都是：solved Human societies have the power to solve the problems confronting them. 人类社会有能力解决面临的问题。 【名词】solution 解决方法 No one can offer a permanent solution to the problem. 没有人能提出解决这个问题的长久方法。 ◆考点6 seem 的用法 v. 好像、装作、看来好像 We heard a series of explosions. They seemed quite close by. 我们听到一连串的爆炸声，似乎就在附近。 常用组合：Seem to be 看来，好像 There seems to be a lot of support in Congress for this move. 国会里好像有很多人支持这一举措。 常用组合2：Seem like 仿佛…似的 She always made it seem like there was something wrong. 她总是弄得好像哪里错了。 ◆考点7 hit的用法 V.打击，碰撞；突然想到 现在分词：hitting 过去式和过去分词：hit The car had apparently hit a traffic sign before skidding out of control. 汽车显然是撞上了一个交通标志牌后打滑失控的。 Then the answer hit me. It had been staring me in the face. 然后我突然想到了答案，原来它一直就明摆在我的面前。 【近义词】beat 击打，打败的意思； strike 指急速或突然猛击 In yesterday's games, Switzerland beat the United States two-one. 在昨天的比赛中，瑞士以2比1击败美国。 Wilde fell and struck his head on the stone floor. 怀尔德摔倒了，头撞在石头地上。 知识点2：短语 ◆考点1 run over 的用法 溢出、撞到、造访、驱车去 The water ran over the sink as the plug hole is blocked. 水溢出了水槽因为孔塞被堵住了。 I will run over to Short Mountain and check on MR. Smith. 我会开车去Short山看Smith先生。 ◆考点2 fill with 的用法 （使）充满，使满怀（某种情感等） I let my lungs fill with scented air on the Alps. 我在阿尔卑斯山上呼吸者芬芳的空气。 ◇Filled with 充满了 Because of you, my life is filled with hope. 因为有你，我的生活充满了希望。 ◆考点3 send…(someone) to prison 的用法 把某人送进监狱 A judge has the power to send a person to prison. 法官有权把一个人投进监狱。 ◆考点4 think about的用法 考虑…、捉摸…、回想起 He doesn’t stop to think about what he’s saying. 他都没有停下来想一想自己在说什么。 ◆考点5 be happy with 的用法 指对某件事/某个人是满意的、快乐的 = be pleased/satisfied with I wasn’t so happy with what I’d written so far. 我对于自己目前已写完的这些并不满意。 ◆考点6 go straight 的用法 直接去某个地方或去做某件事情。 As always, we went straight to the expert for advice. 像往常一样，我们马上去找专家咨询。 ◆考点7 make sure的用法 把某件事情弄清楚，确保/核实某件事 Make sure the draining board, sink and plug hole are regularly disinfected. 滴水板、水槽和赛孔一定要定期消毒。 模块三 重点短语清单 1.be happy with 对....满意的 2.fill ...with ... 用...把...装满 3.run over 溢出 4.send... to prison 把...关进监狱 5.make sure 确保；设法保证 6.seem to do 似乎；好像 7.think about 考虑 8.think of 想出 9.improve one’s work 改进某人的工作 10.make sth. for sb. 为某人制作某物 11.find out 找出；查明 12.solve a problem 解决问题 13.run into 流入 14.be certain that.. 确定... 15.tell the truth 说实话 16.go ahead 前进，进行 17.be amazed at 对...感到惊讶 18.1ed..to... 把...带到... 19.set off 离开 模块四 核心知识清单 1.Please give me some gold of the same weight. (P9,L5) 请给我同样重量的金子。 分析：这是一个祈使句，祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加, 上please，以使句, 子的语气更加缓和, 或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。例如： 　　Keep off the grass!勿踩草地! 　　Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。 祈使句的肯定句式 　　祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型： 　　1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。例如： 　　Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 　　2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如： 　　Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 　　3. Let, +宾语+动词原, 形+, 其他, 成分, 。例如： 　　Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 祈使句的否定句式 　　祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型： 　　1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。例如： 　　Don’t say that again!别再那样说了! 　　2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成“Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。 例如：Don’t be careless.不要粗心。 　　注意：在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。 　　3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，必须在Let’s后加not。例如： 　　Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 　　不要让我明天跟她一起去。 　　Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 　　无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。 　　4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如： 　　NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照! 2.How excited Archimedes was!（P9, L9） 阿基米德多么兴奋啊！ 分析：这是一个感叹句。感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ 二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如：How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ 三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。如： Good idea! （好主意！） Thank goodness! （谢天谢地！） 模块五 重点语法清单 (一)含义及构成： 反义疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问的人对陈述的事实没有把握，需要对方证实反义疑问句由两部分构成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。前后两部分在人称、数、时态等方面必须保持一致，如：She often has lunch at school, doesn't she? You don't like sports, do you? (二)使用反义疑问句时要遵循以下三条原则： 1、“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”，如： They are very late for the meeting, aren't they? You can't do it, can you? 2、前后两句主语保持一致，如：  3、前后两句时态保持一致，问句部分的助动词要由陈述句部分的谓语动词决定，如： They will go to town soon, won't they?（不能用don't they?或 aren't they?） He works very hard, doesn't he?（不能用didn't he?或won't he?） (三)反义疑问句的答语： 　　回答遵循一个原则，那就是不管怎么提问，只要事实是肯定的，就用“Yes，肯定回答”；只要事实是否定的，就用“No，否定回答”。但在前否后肯的反义疑问句中，其答语与汉语翻译不同，Yes要翻译成“不”，No要翻译成“是”。 —You will never forget him, will you? 你永远不会忘记他，是吗? —Yes，I will. 不，我会忘记。 —No，I won't. 是的，我不会忘记。 (4) 反义疑问句的特殊用法： 1、反义疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时，问句部分习惯上用aren't I？表示。如： I am a very honest man, aren't I? 2、陈述部分的主语为somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)等表示人的复合不定代词时，问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如： Someone has taken the seat, hasn't he/ haven't they? 3、 陈述部分的主语为something, anything, nothing, everything等表示物的不定代词时，问句部分的主语用it。如： Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it? 4、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this，that或these，those时，附加疑问句的主语分别用it或they，例如： This/That is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机，是吗？ These/Those are grapes, aren't they? 这些是葡萄，是吗？ 5、陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词+there(here)?如： There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there? Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn't here? 6、陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等表示否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定形式。如： She never tells a lie, does she?（不用doesn't she?） 7、如果陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-等否定意义的前缀或后缀时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分仍然用否定形式。如： Your father is unhappy, isn't he?（不能用is he?） 8、当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，视情况而定。 (1)当must 作“一定要；必须”讲，反义疑问句须用mustn't或needn't； He must work hard at physics, mustn't he? (2)当must表示推测时，问句部分需根据must后的动词形式决定。如： Tom must be at home, isn't he? You must have got up late this morning, didn't you? You must have made a mistake, haven't you? 9、陈述部分含used to 时，问句部分用didn't或usedn't He used to live in the country, didn't he?/usedn't he? 10、陈述部分含had better 时，问句部分用hadn't +主语？ You'd better tell him about the matter, hadn't you? 11、当陈述部分为含有宾语从句的复合句时 (1)若陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分主句的动词和主语保持一致。如： ①They all think that English is very important, don't they? （不用isn't it?） ②He didn't think that the news was true, did he? （不用wasn't/ was it?） (2)若陈述部分为I(We) don't think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如： ①I don't think that you can do it, can you? （不用do I?） ②We don't believe that the news is true, is it? （不用do we?） 12、若陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分主句的动词和主语保持一致。如： ①They said that you had finished your work, didn't they? （不用hadn't you） ②Kate told you that she would go there, didn't she? （不用wouldn't she?） 13、当陈述部分为祈使句时 (1)不管是肯定还是否定，问句一般用“will you?”，陈述部分是肯定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you形式表示请求，用won't you形式表示委婉请求或邀请；陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?如： Please open the window, will you?(won't you?) Don't make any noise, will you? (2)陈述部分为Let us……时，问句部分习惯上用will you? 陈述部分为Let's……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?如： Let us stop to rest, will you? Let's go home together, shall we? (3)陈述部分为Let me……时，问句部分习惯上用shall I? 或will you?形式。如： Let me have a try, shall I?(will you?) 模块六 书面表达清单 本单元的主题是“历史上的智者”，内容通常是介绍一些著名的人或智慧故事，以加深同学们对中国历史和文化的了解。 文章写作都是围绕某个主题展开的, 这就需要我们先审好题, 围绕主题展开叙述, 然后根据结构和内容要点组织段落的内容, 最后对全文进行总结。在文章中, 段落是用来描述、讨论或解释某个中心思想的。段落主题句(topic sentences)是概括段落中心思想、反映作者写作意图的概括性句子, 是段落核心所在。　　 围绕段落主题句, 通过给出一些例子、原因、事实或统计数据等, 对主题句做进一步的阐述, 这些说明性句子, 我们称为段落支持句(supporting sentences)。 为了使写作内容更丰富, 表达更精准, 应在支持句后添加拓展句(developing sentences), 对文章的内容进行恰当合理的补充说明。 示例： 由于故事深受同学们的喜爱, 本周英语班会将开展“故事大会”活动。请你用英语写一篇短文, 讲述“三顾茅庐”的故事, 短文需包括以下要点： 1.故事开头：刘备为了请诸葛亮辅佐自己统一天下, 和关羽、张飞一起到隆中拜访诸葛亮； 2. 故事发展：前两次拜访诸葛亮不在家, 第三次拜访时诸葛亮在睡觉, 于是他们等了好几个小时； 3. 故事结局：诸葛亮被刘备的真诚打动, 答应辅佐刘备； 4.你的收获。 参考词汇：统一(unify)、真诚(sincerity) There were many interesting stories that happened in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. 【At that time, Liu Bei didn't achieve great success. He heard that Zhuge Liang was a wise man who lived in Longzhong. Liu decided to invite Zhuge to be his adviser so that he could unify the country with his help. Liu came to visit Zhuge together with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. However, they couldn't see him until they paid a visit to him for the third time. Zhuge was sleeping when they arrived, and they waited outside. Several hours later, Zhuge woke up. Moved by Liu's sincerity, Zhuge finally agreed to help Liu.】 I learn that we should be brave to ask for help and learn from the wise man. 重点短语 1. at that time 在那时 2. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 3. so that 以便 4. with one's help 在某人的帮助下 5. pay a visit to sb. 拜访某人 6. wake up 醒来 [写作任务] 假如你是Tom,你的中国朋友想了解伽利略发现钟摆原理的过程。请你根据以下提示,写一篇英语短文,介绍伽利略发现钟摆原理的过程。 内容提示: 1. 伽利略是一位著名的意大利科学家; 2. 一天晚上，伽利略来到教堂; 3. 正巧点灯人在给灯加油，干完活后他将灯一推，灯晃动起来; 4. 伽利略注意到灯每次摆动所用的时间一样; 5. 伽利略想知道这是否可以被用作测量时间的方法; 6. 他回到家后开始做实验。 审题： 主题和文体：介绍伽利略发现摆钟原理的过程；记叙文 人称和时态：第三人称；一般过去时 Galileo was a famous scientist from Italy. ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 基础版范文： Galileo was a famous scientist from Italy. When he was young, he always wanted to know the reasons for things. One evening, Galileo was out walking around Pisa. On his way home, he went into a church, which was empty and dark. At this time, a man came to light the lamps in the church. After that, he hit against the lamps and they began to move. Galileo watched with great interest and noticed that the lamps hanging on strings of the same length moved for the same amount of time. “Could this movement be used as a way of measuring time?” Galileo thought. He went back home quickly and began to do experiments. This small incident led to the invention of the clock. 高级版范文： Galileo was a famous scientist from Italy. As a young man, he always wanted to know the reasons for things. Here is a story about how he made an important discovery. One evening, Galileo was out walking around Pisa. On his way home, he went into a church. Inside, the church was empty and dark until a man came to light the lamps. After that, the man hit against the lamps and they began to move. Galileo watched with great interest and noticed that the lamps hanging on strings of the same length moved for the same amount of time. He wondered if this movement could be used as a way of measuring time. So he went back home quickly and began to do experiments. This small incident led to the invention of the clock. 模块七 当堂限时检测 一、单项选择 1．—You have never been to Japan, have you? —________. I’ll go there next week. That will be the first time for me. A．Yes, I have B．Yes, I haven’t C．No, I have D．No, I haven’t 2．Let’s go swimming, ________? A．will you B．shall we C．won’t you D．can we 3．Anna’s already finished ________ her homework, ________ she? A．doing; isn’t B．to do; isn’t C．doing; hasn’t D．to do; hasn’t 4．I don’t think that you are able to do it, ________? A．do I B．don’t I C．are you D．aren’t you 5．—He has to finish the task before Friday, ________? —______. Saturday is OK. A．doesn’t he; No, he doesn’t B．hasn’t he; No, he hasn’t C．doesn’t he; Yes, he does D．hasn’t he; Yes, he has 6．There used to be few houses here, ________? A．did it B．didn’t there C．did there D．was there 7．—Miss Li is very kind. She never loses her temper, ________? —Yes. She is always very patient with us. A．is she B．does she C．isn’t she D．doesn’t she 8．—Mum, let’s order some food online for dinner, ________? —Good idea. I’d like some beef dumplings. A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．are you 9．—The tall man over there is our new English teacher, ________? —Yes, he is. A．is he B．is there C．isn’t he D．isn’t there 10．Don’t forget to lock the door, _______? A．do you B．don’t you C．will you D．won’t you 11．He’s never been there, ________ he? A．is B．was C．has D．hasn’t 12．He’s gone to the library, ________? A．is he B．does he C．hasn’t he D．has he 13．They came here to have a meeting, ________ ? A．didn’t they B．did they C．don’t they D．do they 14．Let’s go to see a film this evening, ________ we? A．shall B．will C．was D．is 15．I don’t think that the necklace is made ________ diamond, ________? A．of; do I B．from; do you C．from; isn’t it D．of; is it 二、阅读理解 Here are four Chinese people with great achievements. Mei Lanfang Birth year: 1894 Death year: 1961 Birthplace: Beijing Position: Artist Mei Lanfang was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made its highly successful tours to foreign countries. He gave his whole life to the art of Beijing Opera. Qian Xuesen Birth year: 1911 Death year: 2009 Birth place: Shanghai Position: Scientist Qian Xuesen was considered as “the father of China’s space technology” for his great achievements. “As a Chinese scientist, my life purpose is to serve the people,” he said. Zhang Guimei Birth year: 1957 Birth place: Heilongjiang Position: Teacher Zhang Guimei has spent over 40 years helping young girls in the mountain areas to gel free schooling. She was given the title “Role Model (楷模) of the Times” in 2020. Wang Yaping Birth year: 1980 Birth place: Shandong Position: Astronaut Wang Yaping is the first Chinese woman to enter a space station and is also the first Chinese woman to do a spacewalk. She took a spacewalk on the night of November 7, 2021. 16．When was Mei Lanfang born? A．In 1894. B．In 1911. C．In 1957. D．In 1980. 17．What was Qian Xuesen’s life purpose? A．To do a space walk. B．To serve the people. C．To help young girls. D．To introduce Beijing Opera. 18．What is Zhang Guimei’s job? A．An artist. B．A scientist. C．An astronaut. D．A teacher. 19．What is Wang Yaping’s birth place? A．Heilongjiang. B．Beijing. C．Shandong. D．Shanghai. 20．Where could we find this passage? A．In a dictionary. B．In a magazine. C．In a novel. D．In a diary. 三、完形填空 Everybody knows that Edison is a famous scientist. But few people have 21 his kindness and tolerance (宽容) towards others. The following is a story about him. After hundreds of experiments, Edison had at last 22 a working bulb (电灯泡). It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made, and Edison was full of 23 . He had dreamed of this moment for years “Take it upstairs, Jimmy,” he said, handing it to his helper. 24 , there was a crash (巨响). Edison turned around and saw that his bulb had fallen to the ground and broken into pieces. Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his 25 carelessly. Edison said nothing, but everyone could imagine what his thoughts were. He went back to his work table and set to work once more to make another bulb. A few days later, a new bulb was finally ready. It was 26 on the table in front of its maker. Then Edison, with a smile, handed the new bulb to Jimmy. “Be 27 this time,” he said. He was giving the young man another 28 . Jimmy did not break it, so we have millions of bulbs in the world today. As a saying goes, “Not the power to 29 , but it’s very opposite, the power to forget, is a necessary condition for our existence (存在).” Life is too short and no one is 30 . If we can forgive others, we will have a better life. 21．A．heard about B．worried about C．thought about D．looked about 22．A．sold B．produced C．accepted D．checked 23．A．hope B．courage C．pride D．surprise 24．A．Luckily B．Excitingly C．Finally D．Suddenly 25．A．knees B．fingers C．arms D．eyes 26．A．fallen B．held C．taken D．laid 27．A．honest B．creative C．careful D．confident 28．A．chance B．process C．example D．lesson 29．A．receive B．remember C．keep D．improve 30．A．strong B．nice C．bad D．perfect 四、短文填空 Thomas Edison was a famous American s 31 . During his lifetime he had made 1093 i 32 . Many of his inventions have changed our life. You may ask w 33 Edison was able to make so m 34 inventions. That is because he was the man who never g 35 up. He always thought that no matter how d 36 something seemed, he could find the a 37 . He believed that n 38 was difficult if you put your heart into it. Edison was at school for only three months. His mother taught him at home. Soon he became i 39 in science. At the age of 22, he moved to New York and became an i 40 . Have you ever read the book A brief History of Times? It 41 (write) by Stephen Hawking in 2013. Stephen Hawking was born on January 8th, 1942, exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo in Oxford, England. At the age of eleven, Stephen went to Oxford University, his father’s old college. After three years, he won a first class honour degree in 42 (nature) science. In October 1962, Stephen arrived at the University of Cambridge 43 (do) research. He really enjoyed his time there. 44 , Stephen had a bad illness shortly after his 45 (twenty) birthday in 1962 and was given two years to live. Yet he went on working hard to become 46 excellent scientist. Stephen didn’t live by 47 (he), he fell in love with Jane Wilde and they got married in 1965, then they had three children. Hawking liked China very much, and he had visited China several times. On November 24th, 2017, Hawking 48 (reply) Wang Junkai on his Weibo. He said he was pleased to answer the excellent question from Mr. Wang Junkai. He once said, “My goal is simple, it is complete 49 (understand) of the universe (宇宙).” Stephen Hawking is considered 50 one of the most famous scientists since Einstein. Hawking died on March 14th, 2018. 五、书面表达 51．假如你校英语俱乐部准备举办一场以介绍名人为主题的墙报展。请你根据下面表格的内容提示，写一篇英语短文介绍科学家居里夫人。 注意： 1. 必须包含表格中所有提示的信息。 2. 不得透漏学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 3. 语句通畅，语意连贯，可适当发挥。 4. 开头已经给出，不计入有效词数。 5. 词数要求：80词左右。 出生地 波兰 出生日期 1867年11月7日 经历 1. 从小就对物理感兴趣，读了很多关于这方面的书籍； 2. 当时波兰不允许女子读大学，所以来到法国巴黎求学； 3. 来巴黎两年后即获得物理学位，后来又获得数学学位。 成就 分别于1903年和1911年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖和诺贝尔化学奖 参考词汇：波兰Poland     巴黎Paris 获得物理学位     take a degree in Physics 获得诺贝尔化学奖     get the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Marie Curie was a famous woman scientist. She is known for her great achievements in science. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1．D 【详解】句意：——你曾去过日本，是吗？——不，我没去过。我下周将会去那儿。那将是我的第一次。 考查反义疑问句的回答。回答反义疑问句时，需要根据实际情况进行前后一致的回答。根据“I’ll go there next week. That will be the first time for me.”可知，下周是我第一次去日本，说明之前未曾去过。故选D。 2．B 【详解】句意：我们去游泳吧，好吗？ 考查反意疑问句。以Let’s开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we。故选B。 3．C 【详解】句意：安娜已经完成了她的作业，是吗？ 考查动名词和反义疑问句。finish doing sth.表示“完成做某事”，动词用动名词形式；前面句子为肯定句，时态为现在完成时，后面反义疑问句应用否定形式hasn’t she。故选C。 4．C 【详解】句意：我认为你不能做这件事，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“I don’t think that you are able to do it,”可知，该句是宾语从句，否定的部分为从句；再根据“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则，附加疑问句要用肯定形式，主谓为you are，附加疑问句用are you。故选C。 5．A 【详解】句意：——他必须在星期五之前完成任务，是吗？——不，他不用。星期六（完成）就可以。 考查反意疑问句及回答。has是动词三单，应用助动词doesn’t，排除BD；结合“Saturday is OK.”可知，此处应做否定回答。故选A。 6．C 【详解】句意：以前这里很少有房子，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则，及few是否定意义的词可知，疑问句部分用肯定式，排除B；used to be是过去时态，助动词用did来反问，后跟there。故选C。 7．B 【详解】句意：——李小姐很善良。她从不发脾气，是吗？——是的。她对我们总是很有耐心。 考查反意疑问句。根据“She never loses her temper,…? ”可知，此句是反意疑问句。反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系，即：肯定+否定？否定+肯定？根据“never”可知，前面是否定的，所以后面是肯定的。根据“loses”可知，时态是一般现在时。主语是She，所以助动词用does。故选B。 8．C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我们晚餐在网上订餐吧，好吗？——好主意。我想要一些牛肉饺子。 考查反意疑问句。结合题干和选项可知，本题考查反意疑问句，“let’s”引导的祈使句的反意疑问句是shall we。故选C。 9．C 【详解】句意：——那边那个高个子男人是我们的新英语老师，是吗？——是的，他是。 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句；否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句。附加疑问句的结构是：be动词、助动词或情态动词+人称代词。反意疑问句前后两部分的主语在人称和数方面要保持一致，be动词、助动词或情态动词也要保持一致。根据“The tall man over there is our new English teacher”可知，这是肯定句，所以附加疑问句是否定句，be动词是is，主语The tall man指男性，应用人称代词he指代。故选C。 10．C 【详解】句意：不要忘记锁门，好吗? 考查祈使句的反义疑问句。祈使句为肯定句时，反义疑问句可用won’t you、will you、can you等。祈使句为否定句时，反义疑问句要用will you。该题中祈使句“Don’t forget to lock the door,”为否定句，疑问部分应用will you。 故选C。 11．C 【详解】句意：他从来没有去过那里，对吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“He’s never been there, ... he?”可知，此处是反意疑问句，前面有否定词never，因此后面反问部分用肯定形式，句子是现在完成时，主语是he，助动词用has。故选C。 12．C 【详解】句意：他去了图书馆，不是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。根据“He’s gone to the library,...”可知，句子为反意疑问句，has gone to表示“去了某地（未归）”，时态为现在完成时，句中“He’s=He has”，陈述句为肯定结构，附加问句应为否定。故选C。 13．A 【详解】句意：他们是来开会的，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。陈述部分是肯定句，并且由came可知用一般过去时，故附加疑问都分用否定形式且用助动词did，故选A。 14．A 【详解】句意：今晚我们去看电影，好吗？ 考查反意疑问句。以Let’s开头的祈使句，后面的附加问句要用shall we；而以Let us或Let me开头的祈使句，其后的问句部分应用will you。故选A。 15．D 【详解】句意：我认为这条项链不是钻石做的，是吗？ 考查动词短语和反义疑问句。be made of由……制成（能看出原材料）；be made from由……制成（不能看出原材料）；项链是钻石做的，能看出原材料，第一空填of；根据“I don’t think”可知，陈述部分是否定，后面的反义疑问句用肯定形式。故选D。 16．A 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文介绍了四位有杰出成就的中国人：梅兰芳、钱学森、张桂梅和王亚平。 16．细节理解题。根据表格中“Mei Lanfang  Birth year: 1894”可知，梅兰芳是1894年出生的，故选A。 17．细节理解题。根据表格中“As a Chinese scientist, my life purpose is to serve the people”可知，钱学森的人生目标是为人民服务，故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据“Zhang Guimei  Positio: Teacher”可知，张桂梅的工作是老师，故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据“Wang Yaping  Birth place: Shandong”可知，王亚平的出生地是山东，故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据首段“Here are four Chinese people with great achievements.”可知，短文介绍了四位有杰出成就的中国人：梅兰芳、钱学森、张桂梅和王亚平。因此我们在杂志上能找到本文，故选B。 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．C 28．A 29．B 30．D 【导语】本文以一个真实的故事讲述发明家爱迪生对他人的友善和宽容。 21．句意：但很少有人听说过他对别人的善良和宽容。 heard about听说；worried about担心；thought about考虑，思考；looked about四下观望。根据下文“The following is a true story about him.”可知，此处指很少有人听说过他对人善良和宽容的故事。故选A。 22．句意：经过数百次实验，爱迪生终于制造出了一个可以工作的灯泡。 sold卖；produced制造；accepted接受；checked检查。根据下文“It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made”可知，爱迪生制造出了一个灯泡。故选B。 23．句意：这是有史以来制造的第一个电灯泡，爱迪生非常自豪。 hope希望；courage勇气；pride自豪；surprise惊喜。根据“It was the first electric light bulb that had ever been made”可知，爱迪生制造出了历史上第一个灯泡，他应该感到自豪。故选C。 24．句意：突然，一声巨响。 Luckily幸运地；Excitingly刺激地；Finally最后；Suddenly突然。根据上文“Take it upstairs”可知，刚刚爱迪生还让助理把完好的灯泡拿上楼，然后就听到撞击声，说明“灯泡摔碎”是突然发生的事。故选D。 25．句意：吉米不小心让灯泡从指间滑了出去。 knees膝盖；fingers手指；arms胳膊；eyes眼睛。根据“Take it upstairs, Jimmy”可知，爱迪生让吉米把灯泡拿上楼，吉米不小心让灯泡从指间滑了出去。故选B。 26．句意：它被放在制造者面前的桌子上。 fallen落下；held拿着；taken拿；laid放置。根据空后“on the table”可知，它被放在桌子上在。故选D。 27．句意：“这次小心点，”他说。 honest诚实的；creative有创造力的；careful小心的；confident自信的。根据“Jimmy had let the bulb slip (滑落) through his...carelessly.”可知，吉米上次不小心把灯泡摔碎了，这次爱迪生让他小心点。故选C。 28．句意：他是在给那个年轻人另一个机会。 chance机会；process进程；example例子；lesson课程。根据上文“Jimmy had let the bulb slip”可知，吉米做错事了，于是爱迪生再给他一次机会。故选A。 29．句意：俗话说：“不是记忆的力量，但恰恰相反，忘记的力量是我们存在的必要条件。 receive收到；remember记得；keep保持；improve改进。根据“but it’s very opposite, the power to forget”可知，与“忘记”相反的是“记住”。故选B。 30．句意：人生苦短，没有人是完美的。 strong强壮的；nice美好的；bad坏的；perfect完美的。根据下文“ If we can forgive others, we will have a better life.”可知，我们要原谅其他人，由此可知没有人是完美的，谁都会犯错。故选D。 31．(s)cientist 32．(i)nventions 33．(w)hy 34．(m)any 35．(g)ave 36．(d)ifficult 37．(a)nswer 38．(n)othing 39．(i)nterested 40．(i)nventor 【导语】本文主要介绍了托马斯·爱迪生的故事。 31．句意：托马斯·爱迪生是一位著名的美国科学家。根据“Thomas Edison”可知，爱迪生是科学家，scientist“科学家”，不定冠词a后接单数名词。故填(s)cientist。 32．句意：在他的一生中，他创造了1093项发明。根据上文“Thomas Edison”可知，爱迪生有很多发明，invention“发明”，数词1093后接复数名词。故填(i)nventions。 33．句意：你可能会问，爱迪生为什么能够创作这么多发明。根据下文“That is because he was the man who never…up.”可知此处询问原因，用why提问原因，且why引导宾语从句。故填(w)hy。 34．句意：你可能会问，爱迪生为什么能够创作这么多发明。根据上文“1093”可知他的发明很多，so many“这么多的”修饰名词inventions。故填(m)any。 35．句意：这是因为他是那种从不放弃的人。never give up“永不放弃”，根据“he was the man who”可知，who引导的定语从句也应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填(g)ave。 36．句意：他总认为，不管某个事物看起来有多难，他可以找到答案。seemed为系动词，此处应用形容词difficult“困难的”作表语。故填(d)ifficult。 37．句意：他总认为，不管某个事物看起来有多难，他可以找到答案。find the answer“找到答案”。故填(a)nswer。 38．句意：他相信，世上无难事，只怕有心人。根据“if you put your heart into it”可知，如果你用心尽力去做，没有什么是困难的，用不定代词nothing表示“没有什么东西”。故填(n)othing。 39．句意：很快他就对科学很感兴趣。become interested in“对……感兴趣”。故填(i)nterested。 40．句意：22岁时，他搬到了纽约，成为了一名发明家。根据上文“Thomas Edison was a famous American…. During his lifetime he had made 1093…. Many of his inventions have changed our life.”可知，爱迪生是发明家，inventor“发明家”，其前有an，用单数形式。故填(i)nventor。 41．was written 42．natural 43．to do 44．However 45．twentieth 46．an 47．himself 48．replied 49．understanding 50．as 【导语】本文是一篇人物小传，介绍了史蒂芬霍金的简单生平和生活情况。 41．句意：这是史蒂芬·霍金在2013年写的。根据“It...by Stephen Hawking in 2013.”可知It和动词write是被动关系，此处需用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，it是第三人称单数，be动词需用was。故填was written。 42．句意：三年后，他获得了自然科学一级荣誉学位。根据“in...science”可知此处需填nature“自然”的形容词，修饰science。故填natural。 43．句意：1962年10月，斯蒂芬来到剑桥大学做研究。根据“Stephen arrived at the University of Cambridge...research.”可知本句用不定式表示目的。故填to do。 44．句意：然而，斯蒂芬在1962年20岁生日后不久就得了一场重病并且只能活两年。根据“He really enjoyed his time there...Stephen had a bad illness”可知前后两句为转折关系，需填转折副词however“然而”。故填However。 45．句意：然而，斯蒂芬在1962年20岁生日后不久就得了一场重病并且只能活两年。根据“...shortly after his...birthday in 1962...”可知此处是表达第二十岁生日，需使用序数词。故填twentieth。 46．句意：然而，他继续努力工作，想要成为一名优秀的科学家。根据“...he went on working hard to become...excellent scientist”可知此处是想要成为一名优秀的科学家，应使用不定冠词a/an，excellent是以元音音素开头的单词，因此用an。故填an。 47．句意：斯蒂芬没有独自生活，他爱上了简·怀尔德。短语by oneself“单独/独自”。故填himself。 48．句意：2017年11月24日，霍金在微博上回复了王俊凯。根据“On November 24th, 2017”可知此处是一般过去时，动词需使用过去式。故填replied。 49．句意：我的目标很简单，就是完全理解宇宙。根据“...it is complete...of the universe (宇宙).”可知此处需填名词，即understand的动名词形式。故填understanding。 50．句意：斯蒂芬·霍金被认为是自爱因斯坦以来最著名的科学家之一。根据“Stephen Hawking is considered...one of the most famous scientists...”可知此处是短语be considered as...“被认为是……”。故填as。 51．例文 Marie Curie was a famous woman scientist. She is known for her great achievements in science. She was born in Poland on Nov. 11, 1867. She was interested in physics when she was a child and she read many books on it. At that time, Poland did not allow women to attend universities, so they came to Paris, France to study. After two years in Paris, She got a degree in physics and later a degree in mathematics. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. She will always be remembered as a great woman. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去时”； ③提示：根据题干中的提示介绍居里夫人，适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，引出话题； 第二步，详细介绍居里夫人的基本信息、经历和取得的成就； 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①be interested in对……感兴趣 ②allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 [高分句型] She was interested in physics when she was a child and she read many books on it.(when引导的时间状语从句以及and连接的并列句) 6 原创精品资源独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$