第二部分 专题八 并列句和复合句-【走好高中第1步】2024年初高中教材衔接英语

第二部分语法知识 专题八并列句和复合句 口初中知识再现 Though he was tired,he still worked hard. He was tired,but he still worked hard. 考点一并列句 虽然他紫了，但他仍然努力工作。 1,并列连词及并列句 考点二名词性从句 并列连词表示单词、短语或句子间有并列 名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从 关系。 句和同位语从句。初中阶段主要学的是宾语从句： 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简 1.宾语从句 单句叫并列句。其构成为：简单句十并列连词十简 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾 单句。 语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从 (1)表示顺承，并列和递进关系的连词and“而 句和形容词的宾语从句。 且”not only..but also..“不但…而且…” (1)宾语从句的种类及连接词如下表所示： 等。如： 种类 连接词 例句 零点归纳 My father bought me a present,and I liked it very much.爸爸给我买了一件礼物，我非常喜欢。 充当宾语从句 I am sure(that)I (2)表示转折或对比关系的连词but“但是”； 的内容，如果 can finish my yet“然而”：while“而”。如： 是陈述句，这 homework Lucy likes red,while Lily likes white. 个时候用that that tonight. 露西喜欢红色，而莉莉喜欢白色 that 作连接词，可 从句 My teachers hope (3)表示选择关系的连词及并列句 以省略。that (that)we can go to either.…or..“要么…要么…”；or“或 在翻译成中文 college with our 者”，还可以表示“否则”。如： 的时候没有 effort. Study hard,or you'll fail the exam. 意义。 努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 (4)表示因果关系的连词及并列句 充当宾语从句 s0意为“所以，因此”，表示因果关系。如： 的内容，如果是 Kate was ill so she didn't go to school. 般疑问句，用 凯特生病了，所以她没有去上学。 He can't decide whether/,if连 for意为“因为”。如： whether to reply 接，然后加上 I have to stay up late,for I have lots of to her. 陈述语序。这 homework to do.我不得不熬夜，因为我有许多作 I want to know 里，需要强记， 业要做。 “是否” if或 whether you enjoy何时只能使用 2.不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词 从句 whether your meal(or not). whether而不 (1)because(因为)，so(所以)不能同时出现在 Mother was 能用f:①在 一个句子里，只能用其一。如： worried about 不定式之前只 whether her son Because he was tired,he couldn't walk there. 能用whether: =He was tired,so he couldn't walk there.因为他 arrived safely. ②与or not连 累了，所以他不能走到那儿。 用时：③在介 (2)although/though(虽然)，but(但是)不能同 词后只能用 whether. 时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但although/ hough和yet still可以同时现在一个句子里。如： 31 )英语 初高中教材衔接 连接代词、副 (2)whether引导的表语从句 词充当宾语从 The problem is whether the meeting will be Susan doesn't 句的内容，如 given.问题是会议是否会召开 know how to 果是特殊疑问 (3)特殊疑问词引导的表语从句 deal with the 句，则疑问词 The problem is where we should stay. what problem.We 就是它的引导 问题是我们应该待在哪里。 where are wondering 词。这时候， 4.同位语从句 wh- which when to leave 尤其要注意时 从句是对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明的 从句 who for Canada. 态和语序的调 叫同位语从句。 when Could you 整。当宾语从 (1)We've heard the news that we'll move into 等 please tell us 句的引导词作 the new house. who/whom you从句的宾语 我们已经听说我们要搬入新家。 were helping 时，代替人，我 (2)I have no idea whether he will come. with? 们经常用 我不知道他是否会来。 whom,而不 (3)I have no idea how he will come. 是who。 我不知道他怎样来。 (2)宾语从句的时态 考点三定语从句 ①主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 在复合句中作定语的从句叫做定语从句。 ②主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 定语从句中的关系词如下表所示： ③主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现 关系词 功能 例句 在时。 (3)宾语从句的顺序 主语、 Do you know the girl who/ 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管充当宾语从 who,that 宾语、 that often comes here?你认识 句的句子原来是什么语序，构成宾语从句时一定要 表语 经常来这儿的那个女孩吗？ 用陈述语序。 2.主语从句 He's the boy whom/that)I 从句在复合句中作主语的叫主语从句。连接 whom,that 宾语 talked with just now.他是刚 词有三种情况： 才和我谈话的男孩。 (1)that引导的主语从句。 that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语。 A dictionary is a book that/ That he is a student is true.=It is true that which gives the meanings of he is a student..他是学生那是事实。 主语 words.字典是一本给出词语 (2)whether引导的主语从句 意思的书。 Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem,是否要开会仍然是个问题. The school (that/which)we (3)特殊疑问词引导的主语从句 What he said is right..他说的话是对的。 that, visited yesterday is a famous 宾语 which one in Shanghai,昨天我们参 3.表语从句 在复合句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语 观的那所学校在上海很出名。 从句有三种类型。 (1)that引导的表语从句，that引导表语从句 She is all that a teacher should 时，不可省略。 be. My decision is that all of us are to start at six 表语 她具备一个老师应该具备的所 tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早 有条件。 上6点出发。 32 第二部分语法知识 考点四 状语从句 状语从句是由从属连词引导的，其种类及其特 We did as the 点如下： 方式状 teacher told us..我 as像，如 类别 连词 例句 语从句 们按照老师说的 做了。 when while as 当…时；since was doing my 时间状 自从(…到现 homework when he 地点状 Where there is a 语从句 在)：until/till直 came in.他进来的时 语从句 where哪里 will,there is a way. 到…：ass00n 候我在做作业。 有志者，事竞成。 as 一…就… ■过渡练习 We'll go to see you 条件状 if we are free..如果 1.Move these flowers into a warm room, 语从句 if如果 我们有空的话我们 they'll soon die. 就去看你。 A.and B.but C.or D.so 2.We didn't start our discussion Since everyone is everybody arrived. because 因为： here,let's begin the 原因状 A.since B.if C.while D.until 语从句 since 既然；as meeting. 由于 既然大家都到了，就 3.It is ten years I left my hometown. 开始会议吧 A.since B.if C.whether D.until 4.She worked quietly no one Please speak slowly knew she was there. can 目的状 so that以便； so that we A.so:as B.so;that follow you,请你说 语从句 为了 C.too:to 慢点以便我们能 D.very;that 跟上。 5.I want to save some money I can buy my favorite toy bear. so that结果是； We got up so late A.although B.until C.but D.so that that we missed the 6.All the things and people I met in the 结果状 so/such... early bus.我们起床 three years make my school life more colorful. 语从句 that... 如此… 如此晚以至于我们 A.who B.that C.which D.what 以至于… 错过了早班车。 7.The house in Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. The air is around A.which B.where C.that D.who us,though we can't 8.I really like the photo of my family my 让步状 although.' 语从句 see it..虽然我们看 sister took in the city park last year. though尽管 不见空气，但它就在 A.which B.who C.what D.whom 我们身边。 9.-Could you tell me the book? Sure,I bought it online. than比；as.,as It was much better 比较状 和…一样：not than I'd expected. A.why you bought 语从句 80as,.. 比我预想的要好 B.when you bought 不如… 得多。 C.where you bought D.how much you paid for 33 )英语 初高中教材衔接 口高中知识对接 三、掌握从句要点，选择合适的连接词 定语从句中的关系词要作成分，关系代词 高中对复合句的考查相当重视，复合句是英语 that,which,as通常作主语或宾语：whose作定语： 中最重要的句子结构之一。复合句中从句的类型 关系副词where,when,why通常作状语。that在 多样，考查点也不尽相同。掌握从句并非一日之 其引导的名词性从句中只起引导作用，不作成分： 功，因此，我们要对相关从句的学习落到实处，非下 而连接词what在从句中起双重作用，既作成分又 一番苦功不可。 能引导句子。做题时，首先要分析从句成分，选择 一、注重知识积累，掌握基本句型 合适的连接词。 高中应加强对从句语法特征和语意特征的思 【例3】After working on the maths problem 考和学习，形成纯正的英语思维能力。注意相似句 for hours,he found he thought was the 型的积累，比较其结构和意义。在平日的阅读过程 key to it,.(单句语法填空) 中，遇到从句的时候，要停下来，考虑分析其功能和 【剖析】what其中what引导的名词性从句 意义 作found的宾语从句的主语，而且what在宾语从 【例1】 is no chance that they'll 句中作主语。he thought为插入语 show up at the party,(单句语法填空) 四、掌握好同位语从句 【剖析】There句意：他们没有机会在晚会 同位语从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth, 上露面。There is no chance that“"没有机会…”， hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt 为固定句型。show up“出场，到场，露面” 等名词的后面，是对前面的名词做进一步的解释， 二、分析句子成分，判断从句功能 说明前面的名词的具体的含义。其中引导词t小at 遇到考查句法的题目时，要通读全句，首先考 只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省 虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型：题干句若是疑问 略。而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引 导词在句中作一定的句子成分。 句，首先把它恢复为正常语序：观察设空的前前后 【例4】The fact has worried many scientists 后，确定相关从句的性质：确定从句性质后，回忆相 关从句的用法特点，从而做出取舍：注意标点符号 the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.(单句语法填空) 和并列连词(and,but)的作用：将选项代入句子，看 【剖析】that句意：近年来全球气候不断变 前后是否语意贯通。 暖，这一事实使得很多科学家感到担忧。本题考查 【例2】 is known to us all is that 同位语从句。该题同位语从句结构完整，故填连词 the Chinese government has spared no effort to that。 protect people from fake food..(单句语法填空) 【剖析】What分析句子结构可知，该题应 口自主训练 用what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that I.单句语法填空 引导名词性从句时无意义也不作成分：如果用s 1.It is raining hard, the farmers are 构成定语从句，则应表示为As is known to us all, still working on the farm. he Chinese..,:如果用形式主语it,则表示为Itis 2.I don't know the way here, I must known to us all that the Chinese.... get a map. 34 第二部分语法知识 3.He didn't go to the zoo he had been Recently,he noticed that his sons 2. there many times. (fight)among themselves and seemed unable to 4.Sandy has a lot of books to read this term,so agree on anything.The old man feared what would she is not sure she can have enough time happen after his 3. (die).He was afraid for her hobbies. that his sons would begin to argue."They will 5.Cathy hasn't phoned us she went to disagree about everything,"He thought."Soon Berlin. they 4. (be)enemies,each going his own 6.I was walking along the street direction." someone called me from behind. He called his sons together in his room. 7.Is there anything you want to buy in “Bring5. (I)a bundle(束)of stick,”he the shop? asked his servant(仆人).Soon enough,a thick 8.That was the room we had lived for ten bundle of sticks arrived,tied 6. (close) years. together.One by one,he gave the bundle to each 9.Tom came back, made us happy. son,and asked him to break the bundle.One son 10.I can remember well the persons and some after another pulled and twisted (with all of pictures I saw in the room. 11.What's the name of the young man his strength(力量)，7. the sticks would not break. sister is a doctor? 12.She wears a gold ring, The old man smiled and ordered his servant to is very uncommon in our class. untie the bundle of sticks.He handed one stick to 13.This is the very novel about we've each son and said,"Now break the stick. talked so much. Of course,the single stick 8. 14.The old man to you spoke just now (break)in two easily.The old father looked at his fell and hurt his legs. sons."Do you understand this lesson?"he asked. 15.There was a time there were slaves in Each son,being intelligent,9. the US. (understand)the meaning at once.Alone,it is easy Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词 for one of them to be harmed.But together,they 或括号内单词的正确形式。 are strong and can't be harmed even 10. A long time ago,a father was old and sick.He great forces(势力). did not have much time to live,and he wanted That's the meaning of the sticking together. 1. (give)his sons a good lesson before In unity,there is great strength. he died. 35参考答案☒ 6,解析：句意：从20世纪中期开始，孩子们就在我的旧小学 里学会了闻读和数数。根据“have learned”可知，句子是 【语篇解读】本文讲述的是一位老父亲在临死前，利用 现在完成时，此处用sice十时间点，表示“自从”。故答紫 捆树校给他的儿子们上了难忘的一课，从而让他们明白了 为since “团结就是力量”的道理。 答案：since 1.解析：句意：他想在死之前好好地教训一下他的儿子们。 7,解析：句意：但是现在这些建筑真的很陈旧，形容词od前 根据he wanted1(give)his sons a good lesson 用副词修饰，此处用really表示“非常”。故答案为really。 before he died.可知，是他想在临死之前给他的儿子们一 答案：really 个难忘的教训，give sb,sth,给某人某物：want to do sth. 8.解析：句意：然而，根据钟伟所说，一些事情将永远不会变 想要做某事，因定搭配：故答案为to give。 化。据“some things will never change”可知，此处是转 答案：to give 折，用连词however表示“然而”。故答案为however. 2.解析：句盘：最近，他注意到他的儿子们互相争斗。根据 答案：however Recently,he noticed that his sons 2 fight)among 9,解析：句意：我童年时代的大多数孩子都喜欢暑假时在那 themselves,可知，是他注意到他的儿子们互相争斗，由语 裸大树下玩要。根据“in my time”可知，讲述的是过去的 境可知，句子时态用过去进行时，即was/were十动词的现 动作，用过去式liked。故答案为liked 在分词，主语his sons是复数，用were,fight的现在分词 答案：liked 10.解析：句意：我们的家乡在我们心中留下了许多温柔树 是fighting,故答業为were fighting。 蜜的回忆。“many soft and sweet”温柔甜蜜的，形容河 答案：were fighting 修饰名词：many许多的，后接复数名词memories。故答 3,解析：句意：老人起心他死后会发生什么事。根据The 案为memories old man feared what would happen after his 3 (die). 答案：memeries 可知，提示词di死亡，动词：设空处前面有形容词性的物 专题八并列句和复合句 主代词his修饰，所以应用其名词形式deat山，故答案为 过渡练习 death. 1,C前后两部分语意为：把这些花搬到一个强暖的房间 答案：death 里：它们不久会调谢。应用0r连接。放选C。 4.解析：句意：不久他们就会成为敌人，各走各的路。根据 2.D句意：直到每个人都到了我们才开始讨论。not,, Soon they 4(be)enemies,each going his own until表示“直到…才…”。符合句意。 direction.由soon可知，句子时态用一般将来时，即wil 3.A在英语里，有一些非延续性的动词，他们只是一醉间 动词原形，故答聚为will be。 就结来的动作，如：come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear, 答案：will be close,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,get 5.解析：句意：“给我拿一湘树枝来。”他对仆人说。根据 up等，用1tis..since..的句型来表达目前存在的一种 Bring5(I)a bundle(束)of stick可知，Bring为动 状态，故正确答案为A 词，后最代词的宾格形式，I的宾格是me,故答案为me 4.Bs0.,,that,,意为“如此……以至于”，表示结果，故 答案：me 正确答案为B。 5,D句意：我想节省一些钱以便能买我最喜欢的玩具熊 6.解析：句意：很快，一摑粗树枝来了，紧紧地捆在一起。根 考查连词辨析。although尽管：until直到：but但是；so 据tied6(close)together,可知，设空处修饰前面的 动词，所以应用close的副词形式，与lose所对应的副词 that以便，表日的。结合题千“】want to save some money..I can buy my favorite toy bear”,可知者钱的目 是closely紧密地，故答聚为closely. 的是买玩具熊，前面三项不合语境，故选D。 答案：closely 6,B句意：我在三年里遇到的人和事都使我的学校生活更 7.解析：句意：一个接一个的儿子用尽全身的力气拉，扭，但 加平富多彩。考查定语从句。先行词things and people 棍子没有折断。根据One son after another pulled and 是人和物的并列，应用t山at引导定语从句。故选B. twisted(拧)with all of his strength(力量)，以及the 7,A句意：鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。考查定语从句 sticks would not break.可知，前后句之间是转折关系，所 whih在定语从句中的先行词为物：whre在定语从句中的 以用but连接，故答案为but。 先行词为地点：that在定语从句中的先行词为人成物。根据 答案：but 句子结构可知，本句中的先行词T门he house在后面的定语从 8.解析：句意：当然，那根棍子很容易就断成了两截。根据 句中作状语，本应用关系刷词where引导从句。但在本题 the single stick8(break)in two easily.可知，主语 中，由于从句中ie为不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，所以在 the single stick和谓语动词break之间存在被动关系，所 关系代词之前加介词n构成了介宾结构，而介词in后只能 以应用被动语态，即e十动河的过去分，句子时态为 用关系代词which,不能使用thnt,故选A 般过去时，且主语为单数，所以be动词用was,break的过 8,A句意为“我真的喜欢我的全家福，这张全家福是我翅 去分词是broken,故答案为was broken 姐去年在城市公园照的，”先行词为the photo,故关系词 答案：was broken 用which.故选A 9.解析：句意：每个儿子都很聪明，立刻明白了意思。根据 9,C句意：一一你能告诉我你在哪里买的书吗？一当 Each son.being intelligent. 9 understand the 然，我在网上买的。考查宾语从句。why you bought你 为什么买；when you bought你什么时侯买的；where you meaning at once.结合上下文可知，句子时态是一般过去 时，所以此处应用understand的过去式understood,故答 bought你在那买的：how much you paid for你付了多少 线。根据答语I bought it online可知，我在网上买的，故 案为understood。 可推知问句是询问“在哪买的书”，故应用where引导宾 答案：understood 语从句。故选C。 10.解析：句意：但是他们结合在一起，是强大的，即使是强 自主训练 大的势力也不会伤害他们，根据But together,they are strong and can't be harmed even 10 great forces 1,but 2.so 3.because 4.if/whether 5.since 6.when 力).根据语境可知，他们不会被强大的势力伤窑，所以 7.that 8.where 9.which 10.that 11.whose 此处应填入介词by,意为“被、由”，故答案为by 12.which 13.which 14.whom 15.when 答案：by 69