专题22 阅读理解C篇（2024全国甲卷） (官方评价+三年真题+满分策略+多维变式）-2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升

《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》 专题22 阅读理解C篇（2024全国甲卷）原卷版 (答案解析+官方评价+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式) 目录 一、原题呈现 P2 二、答案解析 P2 三、官方评价 P3 四、题源网站 P3 五、词汇变式 P4 (一)考纲词汇词形转换 P4 (二)考纲词汇识词知意 P5 (三)高频短语厚积薄发 P5 (四)真题语料单句填空 P5 (五)长难句分析 P6 六、三年真题 P6 (一)2023年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇 P6 (二)2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇 P7 (三)2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇 P8 (四)2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇 P9 (五)2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇 P10 (六)2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇 P11 七、满分策略 P12 八、话题变式 P13 变式一：人与社会医疗保障健康话题6篇 P13 变式二：阅读理解态度推断题4篇 P19 ( 一、 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解C篇关键词: 说明文；人与社会；俄罗斯医疗列车；公民医疗保障；人文情怀；文明互鉴 The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. ( 二、答案解析 ) ( 三、官方评价 ) 凸显文明互鉴，培养中国情怀和国际视野 高考英语命题注重通过精选语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。全国甲卷阅读理解C篇介绍了由俄罗斯政府赞助，面向地区的医疗援助，弘扬了以人为本的价值理念，启发和培养学生的思维品质、人文情怀，培养了学生的理想信念和社会责任感，夯实信仰之基。同时学生开阔了视野，了解了俄罗斯远东的医疗条件，相比之下，让学生感到祖国的伟大和繁荣。全国甲卷的语法填空讲述了美国国家公园的由来，开阔了学生的国际视野。进一步了解世界文化。【中国考试·教育部教育考试院】 ( 四、题源网站 ) 选自美国《新闻周刊》杂志网站2017年5月11日名为In Rural Siberia, the Hospital Comes to You的文章https://www.newsweek.com/2017/05/19/russia-trains-medical-care-607346.html 【百科知识】 the Volga River（伏尔加河），位于俄罗斯西南部，全长3692千米，是欧洲最长的河流，也是世界最长、流域最广的内流河。由于伏尔加河在俄罗斯的国民经济和人民生活中起着非常重要的作用，因此俄罗斯人将伏尔加河称为“母亲河”。 ( 五、词汇变式 ) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、考纲词汇词形转换 1. medicine n. 药物 → adj.药物的； 2. center n. 中心；焦点 → adj. 中心的；中央的；处于中心的； 3. east n. 东方；东部 → adj. 东方的；向东的；东方国家的； 4. prescribe vt. 开处方 → n. 处方； 5. photograph vt.摄影 → n. 摄影师； 6. modern adj. 现代的 → n. 现代化，现代化的事物； 7.finance v.提供资金 n. 资金→ adj. 财政的，财务的；金融的；有钱的； 8. arrive vi 到达 → n. 到达； 9. fuel vt. 加燃料 → v 补充燃料，加油（re-= again）； 10. region n.行政区域 → adj. 地区的，区域的； 11. equip vt. 提供 → n. 设备； 12. assist vt. 协助 → n. 助手； 13. appreciate vt. 感激;欣赏 → 感激的； 14. doubt n. 怀疑 → 怀疑的； 15. caution n. 谨慎 → 谨慎的。 二、考纲词汇识词知意 1. government-sponsored adj ； 2. queue v ； 3. address v ； 4. checkup n ； 5. focused adj ； 6. concerned adj ； 7. ambiguous adj 8. reserve vt. 9. function vt. 三、高频短语积少成多 1. the sick ； 2. provide sb with sth ； 3. on board ； 4. medical care ； 5. in serious need of ； 6. struggle to do sth ； 7. come up with ； 8. practice medicine ； 9. allow for ； 10. function as ； 11. be heavily populated ； 12.public health care service 。 四、真题语料单句填空 1. The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only _________ sick. 2. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains ________ travel to remote towns in _________(centre) and eastern Russia. 3. Each stop lasts _________ average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses _________ board provide rural (乡村) populations _________ basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. 4. “People started queuing to make an _________(appoint) early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German _________(photograph) who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. 5. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of _________(modern). 6. The government has struggled to come up with measures _________(address) the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including _________(arrange) doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding _________(finance) aid programs to motivate doctors _________(practice) medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 7. The annual _________(arrive) of the Saint Lukas is another attempt _________(improve) the situation. 8. For 10 months every year, the train _________(stop) at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the _________(region) capital to refuel and restock(补给). 9. Then it _________(start) all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. 10. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s _________(equip) allows _________ basic checkups. 11. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants _________(work) and living in such little space but still staying _________(focus) and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people _________(get) the treatment they want. ” 五、长难句分析 The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 【分析】此处particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River作地点状语，including 是介词，此介词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰 measures。 【翻译】政府一直在努力想出措施来解决这个问题，特别是在伏尔加河以东的贫困农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，并扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等国家偏远地区行医。 ( 六、三年真题 ) 【2023年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】 I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiners book. 30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 31. What does the author think of Weiners book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 【2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】 What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 28. What do people usually think of British food? A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation. 29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】 Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes. C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 30. What function is expected of the rail drones? A . To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically. C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation. 31. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】 When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery. Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a good skater. When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd give it up. When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.” “Yeah,” I said. “Safe.” 8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London? A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby. C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family. 9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean? A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry! 10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London? A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends. C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days 11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A. Children should learn a second language. B. Sport is necessary for children's health. C. Children need a sense of belonging. D. Seeing the world is a must for children. 【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】 You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源)of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明)a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products. C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach. 29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A. To show the difficulty of their recycling. B. To explain why they are useful. C. To voice his views on modern art. D. To find a substitute for them. 30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging. 31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures ( 七、满分策略 ) 阅读理解说明文答题策略 1.把握介绍或阐述的主体。 通过文章第一段迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。英语文章，尤其是说明文和议论文，最大的特点就是开门见山，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或表达的观点铺平直叙出来。 2. 关注每一段的段首句。 关注每一段的段首句，确认段落的主旨大意。就像文章的开篇段落告诉读者文章的主旨大意一样，第一段落的第一句话通常也起到同样的作用。 3.关注每一段的段尾句。 前两项策略已经被大多数考生广泛应用在阅读中。但除了关注篇首段落和段首句子之外，也不能忽视段尾句。一个段落由三个部分组成：topic sentence（主旨句），supporting details （支撑细节），和concluding sentence（总结句）。在段落结尾，作者会用不同的表达方式重申主旨句，但从篇章整体来看，在每个段落结尾出现的句子还起到承上启下的作用，作者会借助这个句子引出下文。 4.关注文章中出现的问题。 说明文的本质是对一个事物进行阐述，但在平铺直叙的语言中，还会有问句出现。这些问句不仅仅是简单的疑问句，而是作者有意为之，答案就出现在后文。 阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息： A. 说明的对象 B. 说明对象的特征 C. 说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法） ①例证法 这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。通常在主题句后,用 For example 或 For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。 ②定义法 下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。 ③分类法： 分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。 ④因果关系法 事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括由果推因(由结果去推测原因)和由因推果(由原因去推测结果)两种情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系。 ⑤比较对照法： 有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点,这种写法叫做比较;指出其不同点,叫做对照。比较和对照各有不同的侧重,但两种方法经常结合使用。 ⑥过程分析法 过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是What happens;因果关系研究的对象是Why it happens,而过程分析研究的对象是How it happens。 ( 八、话题变式 ) 变式一：人与社会医疗保障健康话题6篇 Until now, dressing robots, designed to help an elderly person or a person with a disability get dressed, have been created in the laboratory as a one-armed machine, but research has shown that this can be uncomfortable for the person in care. To solve this problem, Dr Jihong Zhu, a robotics researcher at the University of York’s Institute, proposed a two-armed assistive dressing plan, which has been inspired by caregivers who have demonstrated that specific actions are required to reduce discomfort to the individual in their care. Dr Zhu gathered important information on how care workers moved during a dressing exercise, through allowing a robot to observe and learn from human movements and then, through AI, generate a model that mimics (模仿) how human helpers do their task. This allowed the researchers to gather enough data to illustrate that two hands were needed for dressing and not one, as well as information on the angles that the arms make. Dr Zhu said, “We know that practical tasks, such as getting dressed, can be done by a robot, freeing up a care worker to concentrate more on providing companionship and observing the general well-being of the individual in their care. It has been tested in the laboratory, but for this to work outside of the lab, we really need to understand how care workers do this task in real life.” “We’ve adopted a method called learning from demonstration, which means that you don’t need an expert to programme a robot; a human just needs to demonstrate the motion that is required of the robot and the robot learns that action. It is clear that for care workers two arms are needed to properly attend to the needs of individuals,” Dr. Zhu said. “With the current one-armed machine scheme a patient is required to do too much work in order for a robot to assist them, moving their arm up in the air or bending it in ways that they might not be able to do.” 1. What’s the problem with the one-armed dressing robot? A. It causes discomfort. B. It moves too slowly. C. It has an ugly appearance. D. It lacks flexibility. 2. Dr Zhu got the inspiration for his new plan from ______. A. some books B. AI models in the market C. a dressing exercise D. the healthcare providers 3. What’s one purpose of Dr Zhu’s designing a two-armed dressing robot? A. To give better demonstrations. B. To allow caregivers more time to do other things. C. To make it a better companion for the needy. D. To improve the well-being of the care workers. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Taking Care with Caregiving Robots B. Robot Could Help People Get Dressed C. Caregiving Robots: the Future of Health Care D. University Scientists Create Two-Armed Caregiving Robot Growing up in a small village in Ghana, Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care. In many regions of the country, it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital. “My grandmother was a very big part of my life,” said Boateng. “It was very hard when we lost her, and it was due to something that could have been easily prevented. That is the painful part of it.” Feeling an urgent call to help, Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana. He started his nonprofit, OKB Hope Foundation, and in 2021, he converted a van into a mobile doctor’s office called the Hope Health Van and started bringing health care directly to those in need. A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities in Ghana and provide routine medical care for free. On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, a physician’s assistant, a doctor, and an operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis as well as prescribe and provide medications. Since its launch, Boateng says the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care. Boateng has big plans for the future. He hopes to expand to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but in other countries as well. He has gone all in on his OKB Hope Foundation, recently quitting his job to dedicate his time to bringing health care to his home country. But for him, the sacrifices are well worth the reward. 5. What is the function of Paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic of the passage. B. To confirm an idea. C. To conclude the text. D. To express some doubts. 6. Which of the following cannot the patients get in the van? A. Routine medical checks. B. Minor operations. C. Mental therapy. D. Prescribed medicine. 7. What can best describe Boateng? A. Cooperative and persistent. B. Selfless and modest. C. Strong-willed and tolerant. D. Dedicated and ambitious. 8. What’s the best title for this passage? A. Empowering medical schools B. Doctor’s office on wheels C. Nonprofit organizations booming in Ghana. D. Hopeless health care in Ghana Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests. Study after study has confirmed the link, and now experts are zeroing in on the reasons for it and what can be done. “People with higher education tend to have better jobs, better income, and better benefits,” said David R. Williams, a professor of public health in America. Those benefits, he said, go beyond health benefits to include such other factors as the flexibility to take a day off or part of a day to see a doctor. “People with higher levels of education tend to have more resources to cope with stress and life,” Williams said. “They have stress, of course, but also more resources to cope with it—such as access to a health club to exercise away the stress—than people with less education,” he said. “Being better educated also means that a person is more likely to understand the world of modern medicine,” said Erik Angner, an assistant professor of philosophy and economics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who has researched the link between education and happiness. “Modern medicine is incredibly complex. And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health-care environment, you might find it hard to effectively understand your medical care.” A report issued by Williams’ commission found that, compared with college graduates, adults who did not graduate from high school were 2.5 times as likely to be in less than very good health. The report suggested that factors outside the medical system play an important role in determining people’s health. Access to medical care is crucial, but it isn’t enough to improve health. What’s needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and education—encouraging people to obtain more education. 9. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Poor Education May Lead to Poor Health B. Higher Education Can Bring More Income C. Happiness Comes from Good Education D. Medical Care Safeguards Good Health 10. What does “zeroing in on” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. get rid of B. remove from C. cope with D. pay attention to 11. What can we learn from Angner’s words? A. Better education means understanding the world better. B. The modern medicine world is too difficult to understand. C. People with a good education may be happier. D. Reading skills help in understanding medical care. 12. What is stressed in the report issued by Williams’ commission? A. Adults are less likely to have good health. B. The medical system determines people’s health. C. More education is needed to improve people’s health. D. More access to medical care is important. An increase in a country’s working-age population is a blessing. Lots of workers support relatively few children and retired people. So long as the labor market can absorb an increasing number of job-seekers, output per head will rise. That can boost savings and investment, leading to higher economic growth, more productivity gains and developmental speed-up. Yet for countries that fail to seize this opportunity, the results can be tough. Consider Thailand. It is rapidly aging. In 2021, the share of Thais aged 65 or over hit 14%, a figure that is often used to define an aged society Soon Thailand will, like Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, see a decreasing supply of workers and flagging productivity and growth without extraordinary measures. Yet unlike Japan and the rest. Thailand is not a developed country. It has got old before it has got rich. This is a big barrier to Thailand’s future development. To protect its aging citizens, many of whom are poor, Thailand’s government will have to spend more on health care and pensions (养老金). This will make it harder to invest in productivity-boosting skills and infrastructure (基础设施). And where Thailand goes, many developing countries will follow. One conclusion is that countries with a working-age burst need seeking more economic growth out of it. India may never have a better chance than the present. It is widely accepted that privatization and looser foreign-investment rules could raise its growth rate. Another conclusion is that developing countries need to start planning for old age earlier. They should reform their pension systems, including by raising retirement ages. They should encourage financial markets, providing options for long-term saving and health insurance. And they should try harder to increase female participation in the labor force. Getting more women into jobs would help deal with the fact that women live longer than men, but tend to have less savings and pensions, leaving them in difficult situations in old age. 13. What does “opportunity” in the first paragraph refer to? A. Providing more jobs for working-age laborers. B. Reducing support for children and the elderly. C. Encouraging investment for economic growth. D. Increasing economic output and labor productivity. 14. Why is aging considered a barrier to Thailand’s future development? A. It causes a shortage of young workers. B. It forces the country to invest in infrastructure. C. It leads to less investment in economic development. D. It increases the burden on the working-age population. 15. Why is it important for developing countries to involve more women in labor force? A. To extend women’s retirement ages. B. To encourage women to be included in health insurance. C. To equalize the number of men and women in the workplace. D. To settle the conflict between women’s long lifespan and small pension. 16. What is the best title of the passage? A. Aging Problems in Developing Countries. B. Planning Ahead for Aging Societies. C. Challenges and Opportunities of Aging Societies. D. The Role of Female Labors in Addressing the Aging Issue. Approximately half of working-age Americans are struggling to pay for health care expenses, according to a new analysis, which also found around 1 in 3 individuals are struggling with some form of health care debt. Findings released Thursday from the first-ever Health Care Affordability Survey from the Commonwealth Fund show 51% of adults between 19 and 64 years old said it was either very or somewhat difficult for them and their family to afford their health care costs, including 43% of people who reported having employer-based health insurance and 57% who had health insurance through a marketplace or individual plan. About half of working-age adults with Medicare coverage and 45% of those insured under Medicaid (医疗补助) also reported having difficulty paying health care costs. Notably, 65% of working-age adults also said price inflation for other goods and services in the past year had affected their or their family’s ability to afford health care. The survey, concerning a nationally representative sample of nearly 7,900 people 19 and older in the U. S., was conducted from mid-April through July of this year. It follows a separate analysis from research organization KFF that showed both health insurance costs for employer-sponsored plans and worker contributions to those plans ticked up in 2023. The newly published analysis found that 38% of respondents cited affordability as the reason they or a family member skipped or delayed getting needed health care services or filling prescription medication in the past 12 months, including 29% of people with employer-based coverage, 37% who were covered by individual and marketplace health plans, 42% who had Medicare and 39% who were covered by Medicaid. More than 6 in 10 people who lacked any type of health insurance said they or a family member delayed or skipped care because they couldn’t afford it. And among all those who reported skipping or delaying care, 57% said a health problem got worse as a result. 17. How does the article present Americans’ health care payment situation? A. By citing data. B. By giving examples. C. By giving reasons. D. By making comparisons. 18. What leads to most working-age Americans’ difficulty in paying health care costs? A. Their heavy debt. B. Unemployment. C. Higher cost of living. D. Higher health care payment. 19. What may the underlined phrase in the fourth paragraph mean? A. Declined. B. Climbed up. C. Remained stable. D. Kept uncertain. 20. What may happen to those who lacked any type of health insurance? A. They may get worse if they have health problems. B. They are sure to obtain help from the government. C. They may have to skip or delay any health problems. D. They may not get affected with any diseases. Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 21. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A. the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B. seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C. visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D. the more doctors a patient sees, the better 22. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A. increase their income by working overtime B. improve their expertise and service C. see more patients at the expense of quality D. make various deals with specialists 23. What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A. Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B. Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C. Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D. Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 24. The best title for this passage is ________. A. The Health Care in Trouble B. The Imbalance System C. The Declining Number of Doctors D. The Ever-rising Health Care Costs 变式二：阅读理解态度推断题4篇 Using CRISPR genome (基因组) editing on a few common crops, a team of plant and soil scientists seeks to greatly increase and speed up carbon storage to help fight climate change. To prevent dangerous levels of global warming, scientists say it won’t be enough to just stop burning fossil fuels that release carbon into the air. Because it’s nearly impossible for humanity to do that as fast as is now required, we will also need to pull carbon out of the air and se cure it. Plants are among the best tools we have to do this, since these living solar collectors already capture billions of tons of carbon dioxide each year from the atmosphere through photosynthesis (光合作用). About half of that carbon winds up in roots and eventually the soil, where it can stay for hundreds to thousands of years. But what if we could create plants and soils that are better at capturing carbon? With CRISPR genome editing — a new molecular (分子的) biology tool that allows scientists to make edits to the DNA code that underpins all life — that might be possible. Last month, the Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), a research team founded by CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna, began to explore the idea. With an $ 11-million donation from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, a team of researchers made a three-year effort using CRISPR to create new crop varieties that photosynthesize more efficiently and transport more carbon into the soil. Eventually, the researchers hope to create gene-edited rice and sorghum seeds that could — if planted around the globe—pull more than a billion extra tons of carbon out of the air annually. It’s an ambitious goal, and the team is likely to face numerous challenges in the lab before its CO2-cleaning plants can be put in the ground. Additional social, policy, and ethical considerations will determine whether those crops are widely accepted by farmers. But the researchers believe their ambitious project is beneficial to cope with climate crisis. 1. What is the purpose of using CRISPR genome editing on crops? A. To produce more carbon. B. To help fight climate change. C. To increase the yield of African crops. D. To improve soil structure. 2. What does the underlined word “capture” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Release. B. Mix. C. Elect. D. Absorb. 3. What can be inferred from this text? A. It is still unknown whether gene-edited crops will be accepted. B. CO2-cleaning plants can be put in the ground now. C. Researchers have successfully created gene-edited rice and sorghum seeds. D. CRISPR genome editing will face so many challenges that it has no future. 4. What is the researchers’ attitude to the gene-edited crops? A. Indifferent. B. Opposed. C. Hopeful. D. Negative. “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” could eventually become less of a baby lullaby and more of an elegy (挽歌). Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year, according to a study that analyzed reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers. That’s a much faster rate of change than scientists previously estimated looking at satellite data. To illustrate the change, researchers gave this example: A child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night. By the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars are still visible. “We are losing, year by year, the possibility to see the stars, which has been a universal human experience,” said Fabio Falchi, a physicist at Chile’s University of Santiago de Compostela. “If you can still see the dimmest stars, you are in a very dark place. But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light-polluted place.” “Prior studies of artificial lighting, which used satellite images of the Earth at night, had estimated the annual increase in sky brightness to be about 2% a year,” said Christopher Kyba, a physicist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. But the satellites used weren’t able to detect light with wavelengths toward the blue end of the spectrum (光谱) — including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs. More than half of the new outdoor lights installed in the United States in the past decade have been LED lights, according to the researchers. The satellites are also better at detecting light that scatters (散射) upward, like a spotlight, than light that scatters horizontally (水平地). Georgetown University biologist Emily Williams, who was not part of the study, said, “Skyglow disturbs circadian rhythms in humans and other forms of life. Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to find out where they are in the sky at night. And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient toward the ocean — light pollution is a huge deal for them.” 5. What did the researchers, example indicate in paragraph 3? A. The rapid decrease in star visibility. B. The severity of outdoor air pollution. C. Children’s fondness for a clear night sky. D. People’s regret for lost childhood activities. 6. Which of the following was a disadvantage of satellites used in previous studies? A. It couldn’t discover the blue color. B. It failed to detect the whole spectrum. C. It was sensitive to light from LED bulbs. D. It couldn’t find horizontal light resources. 7. What is Emily Williams’ attitude to the effects of light pollution? A. Tolerant. B. Concerned. C. Unclear. D. Doubtful. 8. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Stars Are Disappearing from the Night Sky B. The Meaning Behind a Traditional Baby Song C. Light Pollution Harms Wildlife and Ecosystems D. Satellites Used in Measuring Night Sky Brightness Researchers at the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) have developed a groundbreaking sweat biosensor that opens up new possibilities for real-time health monitoring. Wearable sensors, typically worn directly on the skin, can monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle activity. However, designing chemical sensors for detecting substance in bodily liquid, like sweat, has proven more complex due to issues of skin irritation (刺激) and accuracy when integrated into clothing. Addressing these challenges, the research team at TUS used a technique called “heat-transfer Printing” to fix a thin, flexible chloride ion (氯离子) sensor onto a clothing base and then integrated it into clothes such as T-shirts. Further, health signs such as chloride ion concentration in sweat can be measured by simply wearing them. By moving the sensor outside of the clothing piece, skin irritation is prevented. The wicking effect (芯吸效应) of fiber helps distributing sweat evenly between the sensor’s electrodes (电极), ensuring stable electrical contact and therefore improving the accuracy. Additionally, the team carefully selected skin-friendly materials and conducted various experiments using artificial sweat to prove the sensor’s accuracy in measuring chloride ion concentration. To assess its practicality, the team tested the sensor on a volunteer who engaged in a 30-minute exercise on a still bicycle. Measurements of bodily liquid were taken every five minutes and compared with the data collected by the sensor. The wearable sensor reliably measured the concentration of chloride ions in sweat. Moreover, the sensor has the capability to deliver data wirelessly, enabling real-time health monitoring. This breakthrough can boost the development of advanced healthcare devices that offer precise and convenient monitoring of important health indicators. With the power of these tiny electronics, researchers are pushing the boundaries of healthcare innovation to improve disease prevention and overall well-being. 9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Varieties of sweat biosensors. B. Popularity of wearable equipment. C. Complexity in monitoring vital body signs. D. Difficulties in designing chemical sensors. 10. What contributes to the even distribution of sweat between the sensor’s electrodes? A. The technique of heat-transfer printing. B. The chloride ion sensor. C. The wicking effect of fibre. D. Selected skin-friendly materials. 11. What is the purpose of the test on the volunteer? A. To evaluate the sensor’s reliability. B. To improve the volunteer’s performance. C. To determine the sensor’s duration. D. To ensure the volunteer’s well-being. 12. What is the author’s attitude toward the new technology? A. Critical. B. Expectant. C. Reserved. D. Doubtful. Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world. The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical Compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. The project was launched by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow water and they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. The material comes from the breakdown of manufactured plastic products and industrial waste. The team said the robots can be controlled by light. Turning “a near-infrared light laser” on and off causes the fish’s tail to move back and forth, the American Chemical Society said. The robotic fish can swim up to 2.76 body lengths per second. The researchers said this is faster than most similar soft robots. Wang Yuyan was a member of Sichuan University’s research team. She told Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. The fish can take in different kinds of microplastics and even repair itself when damaged, the researchers said. And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it can safely digest the material, the team added. Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or diseases. 13. Why has a robotic fish been created? A. To remove disease in people. B. To clean up pollution in oceans. C. To remove unwanted materials in body. D. To remove microplastic particles in water. 14. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The purpose of the robotic fish. B. The function of the robotic fish, C. A further introduction of the robotic fish. D. Potential application of the robotic fish. 15. What will happen to the robotic fish when eaten by a real fish? A. It will be harmless. B. It will repair itself. C. It will take in microplastics. D. It will collect microplastics. 16. What is Wang Yuyan’s attitude to the future use of the robotic fish? A. Pessimistic. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Suspicious. $$《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》 专题22 阅读理解C篇（2024全国甲卷）解析版 (答案解析+官方评价+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式) 目录 一、原题呈现 P2 二、答案解析 P2 三、官方评价 P3 四、题源网站 P4 五、词汇变式 P5 (一)考纲词汇词形转换 P5 (二)考纲词汇识词知意 P5 (三)高频短语厚积薄发 P5 (四)真题语料单句填空 P6 (五)长难句分析 P6 六、三年真题 P7 (一)2023年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇 P7 (二)2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇 P8 (三)2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇 P10 (四)2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇 P12 (五)2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇 P13 (六)2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇 P14 七、满分策略 P16 八、话题变式 P17 变式一：人与社会医疗保障健康话题6篇 P28 变式二：阅读理解态度推断题4篇 P28 ( 一、 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解C篇关键词: 说明文；人与社会；俄罗斯医疗列车；公民医疗保障；人文情怀；文明互鉴 The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. ( 二、答案解析 ) 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。 29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。 31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 ( 三、官方评价 ) 凸显文明互鉴，培养中国情怀和国际视野 高考英语命题注重通过精选语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。全国甲卷阅读理解C篇介绍了由俄罗斯政府赞助，面向地区的医疗援助，弘扬了以人为本的价值理念，启发和培养学生的思维品质、人文情怀，培养了学生的理想信念和社会责任感，夯实信仰之基。同时学生开阔了视野，了解了俄罗斯远东的医疗条件，相比之下，让学生感到祖国的伟大和繁荣。全国甲卷的语法填空讲述了美国国家公园的由来，开阔了学生的国际视野。进一步了解世界文化。【中国考试·教育部教育考试院】 ( 四、题源网站 ) 选自美国《新闻周刊》杂志网站2017年5月11日名为In Rural Siberia, the Hospital Comes to You的文章https://www.newsweek.com/2017/05/19/russia-trains-medical-care-607346.html 【百科知识】 the Volga River（伏尔加河），位于俄罗斯西南部，全长3692千米，是欧洲最长的河流，也是世界最长、流域最广的内流河。由于伏尔加河在俄罗斯的国民经济和人民生活中起着非常重要的作用，因此俄罗斯人将伏尔加河称为“母亲河”。 ( 五、词汇变式 ) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、考纲词汇词形转换 1. medicine n. 药物 →medical adj.药物的； 2. center n. 中心；焦点 →central adj. 中心的；中央的；处于中心的； 3. east n. 东方；东部 →eastern adj. 东方的；向东的；东方国家的； 4. prescribe vt. 开处方 →prescription n. 处方； 5. photograph vt.摄影 →photographer n. 摄影师； 6. modern adj. 现代的 →modernization n. 现代化，现代化的事物； 7.finance v.提供资金 n. 资金→financial adj. 财政的，财务的；金融的；有钱的； 8. arrive vi 到达 →arrival n. 到达； 9. fuel vt. 加燃料 →refuel v 补充燃料，加油（re-= again）； 10. region n.行政区域 →regional adj. 地区的，区域的； 11. equip vt. 提供 →equipment n. 设备； 12. assist vt. 协助 →assistant n. 助手； 13. appreciate vt. 感激;欣赏→appreciative感激的； 14. doubt n. 怀疑 →doubtful怀疑的； 15. caution n. 谨慎 →cautious谨慎的。 二、考纲词汇识词知意 1. government-sponsored adj由政府资助的； 2. queue v排队（等候）； 3. address v 解决，处理； 4. checkup n检查，（尤指）体检； 5. focused adj注意力集中的； 6. concerned adj关切的，关心的； 7. ambiguous adj模棱两可的，不明确的 8. reserve vt.保留 9. function vt.起作用 三、高频短语积少成多 1. the sick 病人； 2. provide sb with sth 给某人提供； 3. on board 在火车上（或船上、飞机上）； 4. medical care 医疗护理； 5. in serious need of 急需； 6. struggle to do sth 努力做某事； 7. come up with 想到，提出； 8. practice medicine 行医； 9. allow for 使……有可能； 10. function as 作……用，具有……功能； 11. be heavily populated 人口密集的（populate v 居住于）； 12.public health care service 公共卫生服务。 四、真题语料单句填空 1. The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only _________ sick. 2. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains ________ travel to remote towns in _________(centre) and eastern Russia. 3. Each stop lasts _________ average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses _________ board provide rural (乡村) populations _________ basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. 4. “People started queuing to make an _________(appoint) early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German _________(photograph) who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. 5. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of _________(modern). 6. The government has struggled to come up with measures _________(address) the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including _________(arrange) doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding _________(finance) aid programs to motivate doctors _________(practice) medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 7. The annual _________(arrive) of the Saint Lukas is another attempt _________(improve) the situation. 8. For 10 months every year, the train _________(stop) at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the _________(region) capital to refuel and restock(补给). 9. Then it _________(start) all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. 10. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s _________(equip) allows _________ basic checkups. 11. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants _________(work) and living in such little space but still staying _________(focus) and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people _________(get) the treatment they want. ” 【参考答案】 1. the 2. that/which central 3. an, on, with 4. appointment, photographer 5. modernization 6. to address, arranging, financial, to practice 7. arrival, to improve 8. stops, regional 9. starts 10. equipment, for, 11. working focused, to get 五、长难句分析 The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. 【分析】此处particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River作地点状语，including 是介词，此介词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰 measures。 【翻译】政府一直在努力想出措施来解决这个问题，特别是在伏尔加河以东的贫困农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，并扩大财政援助计划，以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等国家偏远地区行医。 ( 六、三年真题 ) 【2023年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】 I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiners book. 30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 31. What does the author think of Weiners book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。 29.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。 30.细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。 31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。 【2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】 What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 28. What do people usually think of British food? A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation. 29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 【答案】28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。 29.推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。 30.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。 31.推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。 【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 28-31 ACCA 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 28. A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。 29. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。 30. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。 31. A。主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】 Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes. C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas. 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones. C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure. 30. What function is expected of the rail drones? A . To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically. C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation. 31. Which is the most suitable title for the text? A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 28-31 ACAD 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。 28. A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选 29. C。词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。 30. A。事实细节题 根据最后一段第一句 … detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. 以及最后一句 … they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 可知，无人机在铁路出现任何安全问题之前可以检测其故障，提前 预警，以便高速行驶的火车能及时做出反应。 31. D。主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。 【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】 When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery. Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a good skater. When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd give it up. When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.” “Yeah,” I said. “Safe.” 8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London? A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby. C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family. 9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean? A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry! 10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London? A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends. C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days 11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A. Children should learn a second language. B. Sport is necessary for children's health. C. Children need a sense of belonging. D. Seeing the world is a must for children. 【答案】8-11 ABDC 【导读】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。 8. A。推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧。 9. B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。 10. D。推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆。 11. C。推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的。 【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】 You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源)of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明)a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for? A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products. C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach. 29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A. To show the difficulty of their recycling. B. To explain why they are useful. C. To voice his views on modern art. D. To find a substitute for them. 30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers? A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging. 31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 【答案】28-31 CACD 【导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。 28. C。推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明•冯•王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。 29. A。推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯•王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。 30. C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯•王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯•王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”。 31. D。标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明•冯•王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段 (在2018年的一个作品中，冯•王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯•王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明•冯•王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。 ( 七、满分策略 ) 阅读理解说明文答题策略 1.把握介绍或阐述的主体。 通过文章第一段迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。英语文章，尤其是说明文和议论文，最大的特点就是开门见山，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或表达的观点铺平直叙出来。 2. 关注每一段的段首句。 关注每一段的段首句，确认段落的主旨大意。就像文章的开篇段落告诉读者文章的主旨大意一样，第一段落的第一句话通常也起到同样的作用。 3.关注每一段的段尾句。 前两项策略已经被大多数考生广泛应用在阅读中。但除了关注篇首段落和段首句子之外，也不能忽视段尾句。一个段落由三个部分组成：topic sentence（主旨句），supporting details （支撑细节），和concluding sentence（总结句）。在段落结尾，作者会用不同的表达方式重申主旨句，但从篇章整体来看，在每个段落结尾出现的句子还起到承上启下的作用，作者会借助这个句子引出下文。 4.关注文章中出现的问题。 说明文的本质是对一个事物进行阐述，但在平铺直叙的语言中，还会有问句出现。这些问句不仅仅是简单的疑问句，而是作者有意为之，答案就出现在后文。 阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息： A. 说明的对象 B. 说明对象的特征 C. 说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法） ①例证法 这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。通常在主题句后,用 For example 或 For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。 ②定义法 下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。 ③分类法： 分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。 ④因果关系法 事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括由果推因(由结果去推测原因)和由因推果(由原因去推测结果)两种情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系。 ⑤比较对照法： 有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点,这种写法叫做比较;指出其不同点,叫做对照。比较和对照各有不同的侧重,但两种方法经常结合使用。 ⑥过程分析法 过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是What happens;因果关系研究的对象是Why it happens,而过程分析研究的对象是How it happens。 ( 八、话题变式 ) 变式一：人与社会医疗保障健康话题6篇 Until now, dressing robots, designed to help an elderly person or a person with a disability get dressed, have been created in the laboratory as a one-armed machine, but research has shown that this can be uncomfortable for the person in care. To solve this problem, Dr Jihong Zhu, a robotics researcher at the University of York’s Institute, proposed a two-armed assistive dressing plan, which has been inspired by caregivers who have demonstrated that specific actions are required to reduce discomfort to the individual in their care. Dr Zhu gathered important information on how care workers moved during a dressing exercise, through allowing a robot to observe and learn from human movements and then, through AI, generate a model that mimics (模仿) how human helpers do their task. This allowed the researchers to gather enough data to illustrate that two hands were needed for dressing and not one, as well as information on the angles that the arms make. Dr Zhu said, “We know that practical tasks, such as getting dressed, can be done by a robot, freeing up a care worker to concentrate more on providing companionship and observing the general well-being of the individual in their care. It has been tested in the laboratory, but for this to work outside of the lab, we really need to understand how care workers do this task in real life.” “We’ve adopted a method called learning from demonstration, which means that you don’t need an expert to programme a robot; a human just needs to demonstrate the motion that is required of the robot and the robot learns that action. It is clear that for care workers two arms are needed to properly attend to the needs of individuals,” Dr. Zhu said. “With the current one-armed machine scheme a patient is required to do too much work in order for a robot to assist them, moving their arm up in the air or bending it in ways that they might not be able to do.” 1. What’s the problem with the one-armed dressing robot? A. It causes discomfort. B. It moves too slowly. C. It has an ugly appearance. D. It lacks flexibility. 2. Dr Zhu got the inspiration for his new plan from ______. A. some books B. AI models in the market C. a dressing exercise D. the healthcare providers 3. What’s one purpose of Dr Zhu’s designing a two-armed dressing robot? A. To give better demonstrations. B. To allow caregivers more time to do other things. C. To make it a better companion for the needy. D. To improve the well-being of the care workers. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Taking Care with Caregiving Robots B. Robot Could Help People Get Dressed C. Caregiving Robots: the Future of Health Care D. University Scientists Create Two-Armed Caregiving Robot 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了大学科学家朱继红博士发明的一款可以给老年人或者残疾人穿衣服的双臂护理机器人。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Until now, dressing robots, designed to help an elderly person or a person with a disability get dressed, have been created in the laboratory as a one-armed machine, but research has shown that this can be uncomfortable for the person in car.(到目前为止，为帮助老年人或残疾人穿衣服而设计的穿衣机器人作为一种独臂机器，已经在实验室中被创造出来，但研究表明，这可能会让被照顾的人感到不舒服)”可知，独臂穿衣机器人会引起不适。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“To solve this problem, Dr Jihong Zhu, a robotics researcher at the University of York’s Institute, proposed a two-armed assistive dressing plan, which has been inspired by caregivers who have demonstrated that specific actions are required to reduce discomfort to the individual in their care.(为了解决这个问题，约克大学研究所的机器人研究员朱继红（音译）博士提出了一个双臂辅助穿衣计划，该计划的灵感来自于护理人员，他们已经证明需要采取特定的行动来减少他们所护理的个人的不适)”可知，朱博士新计划的灵感来自于医疗护理人员。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“We know that practical tasks, such as getting dressed, can be done by a robot, freeing up a care worker to concentrate more on providing companionship and observing the general well-being of the individual in their care.(我们知道，像穿衣服这样的实际任务可以由机器人来完成，从而解放了护工，使其能够更专注于提供陪伴和观察被照顾者的总体健康状况)”可知，朱博士设计的双臂穿衣机器人能允许照顾者有更多时间做其他事情。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“To solve this problem, Dr Jihong Zhu, a robotics researcher at the University of York’s Institute, proposed a two-armed assistive dressing plan, which has been inspired by caregivers who have demonstrated that specific actions are required to reduce discomfort to the individual in their care.(为了解决这个问题，约克大学研究所的机器人研究员朱继红（音译）博士提出了一个双臂辅助穿衣计划，该计划的灵感来自于护理人员，他们已经证明需要采取特定的行动来减少他们所护理的个人的不适)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了朱博士设计的双臂穿衣机器人，能帮助老年人或者残疾人穿衣服，D选项“大学科学家发明了双臂护理机器人”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。 Growing up in a small village in Ghana, Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care. In many regions of the country, it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital. “My grandmother was a very big part of my life,” said Boateng. “It was very hard when we lost her, and it was due to something that could have been easily prevented. That is the painful part of it.” Feeling an urgent call to help, Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana. He started his nonprofit, OKB Hope Foundation, and in 2021, he converted a van into a mobile doctor’s office called the Hope Health Van and started bringing health care directly to those in need. A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities in Ghana and provide routine medical care for free. On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, a physician’s assistant, a doctor, and an operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis as well as prescribe and provide medications. Since its launch, Boateng says the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care. Boateng has big plans for the future. He hopes to expand to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but in other countries as well. He has gone all in on his OKB Hope Foundation, recently quitting his job to dedicate his time to bringing health care to his home country. But for him, the sacrifices are well worth the reward. 5. What is the function of Paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic of the passage. B. To confirm an idea. C. To conclude the text. D. To express some doubts. 6. Which of the following cannot the patients get in the van? A. Routine medical checks. B. Minor operations. C. Mental therapy. D. Prescribed medicine. 7. What can best describe Boateng? A. Cooperative and persistent. B. Selfless and modest. C. Strong-willed and tolerant. D. Dedicated and ambitious. 8. What’s the best title for this passage? A. Empowering medical schools B. Doctor’s office on wheels C. Nonprofit organizations booming in Ghana. D. Hopeless health care in Ghana 【答案】5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Osei Boateng将面包车改装成移动医生办公室，为偏远地区提供医疗服务。 5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Growing up in a small village in Ghana, Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care. In many regions of the country, it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital. “My grandmother was a very big part of my life,” said Boateng. “It was very hard when we lost her, and it was due to something that could have been easily prevented. That is the painful part of it.”(奥塞·博阿滕在加纳的一个小村庄长大，目睹了他的许多家庭成员和邻居难以获得基本的医疗保健。在该国的许多地区，到最近的医院可能需要几个小时。博阿滕说：“我的祖母是我生命中非常重要的一部分。“当我们失去她的时候，我们非常难过，这是由于一些本来可以很容易避免的事情。这是最痛苦的部分。”)”可知，第一段的作用是引入文章主题。故选A。 6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, a physician’s assistant, a doctor, and an operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis as well as prescribe and provide medications.(每次旅行，博阿滕的团队都由一名护士、一名医师助理、一名医生和一名手术助理组成。在这辆面包车里，他们可以进行血液检查和尿液分析等基本实验室，也可以开处方和提供药物)”可知，病人可以在车上接受常规医疗检查、处方药物和小手术，不能治疗精神疾病，所以需要精神治疗的病人不能进面包车。故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Feeling an urgent call to help, Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana.(博阿滕感到迫切需要帮助，他决定把为加纳偏远社区提供医疗服务作为自己的一生使命)”以及最后一段“Boateng has big plans for the future.(博阿滕对未来有很大的计划)”可知，Boateng有奉献精神和野心。故选D。 8. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Feeling an urgent call to help, Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana. He started his nonprofit, OKB Hope Foundation, and in 2021, he converted a van into a mobile doctor’s office called the Hope Health Van and started bringing health care directly to those in need.(博阿滕感到迫切需要帮助，他决定把为加纳偏远社区提供医疗服务作为自己的一生使命。他创立了自己的非营利组织OKB希望基金会，并于2021年将一辆面包车改装成移动医生办公室，名为“希望健康车”，并开始直接为有需要的人提供医疗服务)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要说明了Osei Boateng将面包车改装成移动医生办公室，为偏远地区提供医疗服务。可知，B选项“轮子上的医生办公室”适合作为文章标题。故选B。 Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests. Study after study has confirmed the link, and now experts are zeroing in on the reasons for it and what can be done. “People with higher education tend to have better jobs, better income, and better benefits,” said David R. Williams, a professor of public health in America. Those benefits, he said, go beyond health benefits to include such other factors as the flexibility to take a day off or part of a day to see a doctor. “People with higher levels of education tend to have more resources to cope with stress and life,” Williams said. “They have stress, of course, but also more resources to cope with it—such as access to a health club to exercise away the stress—than people with less education,” he said. “Being better educated also means that a person is more likely to understand the world of modern medicine,” said Erik Angner, an assistant professor of philosophy and economics at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who has researched the link between education and happiness. “Modern medicine is incredibly complex. And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health-care environment, you might find it hard to effectively understand your medical care.” A report issued by Williams’ commission found that, compared with college graduates, adults who did not graduate from high school were 2.5 times as likely to be in less than very good health. The report suggested that factors outside the medical system play an important role in determining people’s health. Access to medical care is crucial, but it isn’t enough to improve health. What’s needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and education—encouraging people to obtain more education. 9. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Poor Education May Lead to Poor Health B. Higher Education Can Bring More Income C. Happiness Comes from Good Education D. Medical Care Safeguards Good Health 10. What does “zeroing in on” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. get rid of B. remove from C. cope with D. pay attention to 11. What can we learn from Angner’s words? A. Better education means understanding the world better. B. The modern medicine world is too difficult to understand. C. People with a good education may be happier. D. Reading skills help in understanding medical care. 12. What is stressed in the report issued by Williams’ commission? A. Adults are less likely to have good health. B. The medical system determines people’s health. C. More education is needed to improve people’s health. D. More access to medical care is important. 【答案】9. A 10. D 11. D 12. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。越来越多的证据表明成年人的受教育程度会影响其健康状况，教育程度低的人可能健康状况也不佳。 9. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句“Adults with a poor education are also likely to have poor health, a growing body of evidence suggests.(越来越多的证据表明，受教育程度低的成年人也可能健康状况不佳。)”可知，本文主要讲了受教育程度低的成年人可能健康状况也不佳，所以A项“教育水平低可能导致健康状况不佳”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 10. 短语猜测题。根据本句中的“Study after study has confirmed the link”可知，一个接一个的研究证明了教育程度和健康状况之间的联系，再结合画线短语后的“the reasons for it and what can be done”可推测出，在已知这种联系的情况下，现在专家们正在关注这种联系背后的原因以及解决方法，由此可知，zero in on表示“集中精力于”，和pay attention to意思相近。故选D。 11. 推理判断题。根据第三段中Erik Angner的话“And if you lack the basic reading skills required to function adequately in the health-care environment, you might find it hard to effectively understand your medical care.(如果你缺乏在医疗保健环境中充分发挥作用所需的基本阅读技能，你可能会发现很难有效地理解你的医疗保健。)”可知，缺乏基本的阅读技能会让人难以理解医疗保健，由此可推测出，阅读技能可以帮助人们理解医疗保健。故选D。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Access to medical care is crucial, but it isn’t enough to improve health. What’s needed, they suggested, is increased focus on schools and education—encouraging people to obtain more education.(获得医疗保健是至关重要的，但这还不足以改善健康状况。他们建议，我们需要更多地关注学校和教育，鼓励人们接受更多的教育。)”可推测出，要提高人们的健康状况，需要提高教育水平。故选C。 An increase in a country’s working-age population is a blessing. Lots of workers support relatively few children and retired people. So long as the labor market can absorb an increasing number of job-seekers, output per head will rise. That can boost savings and investment, leading to higher economic growth, more productivity gains and developmental speed-up. Yet for countries that fail to seize this opportunity, the results can be tough. Consider Thailand. It is rapidly aging. In 2021, the share of Thais aged 65 or over hit 14%, a figure that is often used to define an aged society Soon Thailand will, like Japan, South Korea and most Western countries, see a decreasing supply of workers and flagging productivity and growth without extraordinary measures. Yet unlike Japan and the rest. Thailand is not a developed country. It has got old before it has got rich. This is a big barrier to Thailand’s future development. To protect its aging citizens, many of whom are poor, Thailand’s government will have to spend more on health care and pensions (养老金). This will make it harder to invest in productivity-boosting skills and infrastructure (基础设施). And where Thailand goes, many developing countries will follow. One conclusion is that countries with a working-age burst need seeking more economic growth out of it. India may never have a better chance than the present. It is widely accepted that privatization and looser foreign-investment rules could raise its growth rate. Another conclusion is that developing countries need to start planning for old age earlier. They should reform their pension systems, including by raising retirement ages. They should encourage financial markets, providing options for long-term saving and health insurance. And they should try harder to increase female participation in the labor force. Getting more women into jobs would help deal with the fact that women live longer than men, but tend to have less savings and pensions, leaving them in difficult situations in old age. 13. What does “opportunity” in the first paragraph refer to? A. Providing more jobs for working-age laborers. B. Reducing support for children and the elderly. C. Encouraging investment for economic growth. D. Increasing economic output and labor productivity. 14. Why is aging considered a barrier to Thailand’s future development? A. It causes a shortage of young workers. B. It forces the country to invest in infrastructure. C. It leads to less investment in economic development. D. It increases the burden on the working-age population. 15. Why is it important for developing countries to involve more women in labor force? A. To extend women’s retirement ages. B. To encourage women to be included in health insurance. C. To equalize the number of men and women in the workplace. D. To settle the conflict between women’s long lifespan and small pension. 16. What is the best title of the passage? A. Aging Problems in Developing Countries. B. Planning Ahead for Aging Societies. C. Challenges and Opportunities of Aging Societies. D. The Role of Female Labors in Addressing the Aging Issue. 【答案】13. A 14. C 15. D 16. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要是关于工作年龄人口增加对经济增长的潜在影响，以及那些过早面临老龄化挑战的国家所面临的问题和应对策略。 13. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“opportunity”上文的“An increase in a country’s working-age population is a blessing. Lots of workers support relatively few children and retired people. So long as the labor market can absorb an increasing number of job-seekers, output per head will rise. That can boost savings and investment, leading to higher economic growth, more productivity gains and developmental speed-up.(一个国家适龄劳动人口的增加是一件好事。许多工人抚养的孩子和退休人员相对较少。只要劳动力市场能够吸收越来越多的求职者，人均产出就会上升。这可以促进储蓄和投资，从而实现更高的经济增长、生产率的提高和发展速度的加快。)”可知，这里的“opportunity”指的是劳动力市场能够吸收越来越多的求职者。故选A。 14. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To protect its aging citizens, many of whom are poor, Thailand’s government will have to spend more on health care and pensions(养老金). This will make it harder to invest in productivity-boosting skills and infrastructure(基础设施).(为了保护老年公民，其中许多人都很穷，泰国政府将不得不在医疗保健和养老金方面投入更多资金。这将使投资提高生产力的技能和基础设施变得更加困难。)”可知，泰国正在迅速老龄化，这意味着政府将不得不增加在医疗保健和养老金方面的支出。这将使得投资于提高生产力的技能和基础设施变得更加困难。因此，老龄化导致泰国在经济发展方面的投资减少，从而成为其未来发展的一个障碍。故选C。 15. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And they should try harder to increase female participation in the labor force. Getting more women into jobs would help deal with the fact that women live longer than men, but tend to have less savings and pensions, leaving them in difficult situations in old age.(他们应该更加努力地提高女性在劳动力中的参与度。让更多的女性参加工作将有助于解决这样一个事实:女性比男性寿命更长，但往往储蓄和养老金较少，使她们在老年时处境困难。)”可知，让更多的女性进入工作岗位将有助于应对女性寿命更长但储蓄和养老金较少的现实。这意味着，通过提高女性劳动力市场的参与度，可以使得这些女性有更多的机会进行储蓄和获得更好的养老金，从而解决她们寿命长但养老金少的问题。故选D。 16. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“An increase in a country’s working-age population is a blessing. Lots of workers support relatively few children and retired people. So long as the labor market can absorb an increasing number of job-seekers, output per head will rise. That can boost savings and investment, leading to higher economic growth, more productivity gains and developmental speed-up. Yet for countries that fail to seize this opportunity, the results can be tough.(一个国家适龄劳动人口的增加是一件好事。许多工人抚养的孩子和退休人员相对较少。只要劳动力市场能够吸收越来越多的求职者，人均产出就会上升。这可以促进储蓄和投资，从而实现更高的经济增长、生产率的提高和发展速度的加快。然而，对于未能抓住这一机遇的国家来说，结果可能会很艰难。)”以及全文内容可知，本文首先讨论了老龄化社会为经济增长带来的潜在机遇，随后转向过早老龄化的国家所面临的挑战，并为这些国家提供了应对挑战的建议。因此选项C“Challenges and Opportunities of Aging Societies. (老龄化社会的挑战与机遇)”最能概括文章的主要内容和结构。故选C。 Approximately half of working-age Americans are struggling to pay for health care expenses, according to a new analysis, which also found around 1 in 3 individuals are struggling with some form of health care debt. Findings released Thursday from the first-ever Health Care Affordability Survey from the Commonwealth Fund show 51% of adults between 19 and 64 years old said it was either very or somewhat difficult for them and their family to afford their health care costs, including 43% of people who reported having employer-based health insurance and 57% who had health insurance through a marketplace or individual plan. About half of working-age adults with Medicare coverage and 45% of those insured under Medicaid (医疗补助) also reported having difficulty paying health care costs. Notably, 65% of working-age adults also said price inflation for other goods and services in the past year had affected their or their family’s ability to afford health care. The survey, concerning a nationally representative sample of nearly 7,900 people 19 and older in the U. S., was conducted from mid-April through July of this year. It follows a separate analysis from research organization KFF that showed both health insurance costs for employer-sponsored plans and worker contributions to those plans ticked up in 2023. The newly published analysis found that 38% of respondents cited affordability as the reason they or a family member skipped or delayed getting needed health care services or filling prescription medication in the past 12 months, including 29% of people with employer-based coverage, 37% who were covered by individual and marketplace health plans, 42% who had Medicare and 39% who were covered by Medicaid. More than 6 in 10 people who lacked any type of health insurance said they or a family member delayed or skipped care because they couldn’t afford it. And among all those who reported skipping or delaying care, 57% said a health problem got worse as a result. 17. How does the article present Americans’ health care payment situation? A. By citing data. B. By giving examples. C. By giving reasons. D. By making comparisons. 18. What leads to most working-age Americans’ difficulty in paying health care costs? A. Their heavy debt. B. Unemployment. C. Higher cost of living. D. Higher health care payment. 19. What may the underlined phrase in the fourth paragraph mean? A. Declined. B. Climbed up. C. Remained stable. D. Kept uncertain. 20. What may happen to those who lacked any type of health insurance? A. They may get worse if they have health problems. B. They are sure to obtain help from the government. C. They may have to skip or delay any health problems. D. They may not get affected with any diseases. 【答案】17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了根据一项新的分析，大约一半的工作年龄的美国人正在努力支付医疗费用，该分析还发现，大约三分之一的人正在与某种形式的医疗债务作斗争。 17. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Findings released Thursday from the first-ever Health Care Affordability Survey from the Commonwealth Fund show 51% of adults between 19 and 64 years old said it was either very or somewhat difficult for them and their family to afford their health care costs, including 43% of people who reported having employer-based health insurance and 57% who had health insurance through a marketplace or individual plan.( 联邦基金首次进行的医疗负担能力调查周四公布的调查结果显示，在19岁至64岁的成年人中，51%的人表示，他们和家人负担医疗费用非常困难或有些困难，其中43%的人表示拥有雇主提供的医疗保险，57%的人通过市场或个人计划购买了医疗保险)”；第四段“The survey, concerning a nationally representative sample of nearly 7,900 people 19 and older in the U. S., was conducted from mid-April through July of this year.(该调查于今年4月中旬至7月进行，涉及美国近7900名19岁及以上的全国代表性样本)”以及倒数第二段“The newly published analysis found that 38% of respondents cited affordability as the reason they or a family member skipped or delayed getting needed health care services or filling prescription medication in the past 12 months, including 29% of people with employer-based coverage, 37% who were covered by individual and marketplace health plans, 42% who had Medicare and 39% who were covered by Medicaid.(新发布的分析发现，38%的受访者表示，在过去12个月里，他们或家庭成员没有或推迟获得所需的医疗服务或服用处方药的原因是负担得起，其中29%的人拥有雇主提供的医疗保险，37%的人拥有个人和市场健康计划，42%的人拥有医疗保险，39%的人拥有医疗补助)”可知，作者主要通过举出数据说明观点。故选A。 18. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Notably, 65% of working-age adults also said price inflation for other goods and services in the past year had affected their or their family’s ability to afford health care.(值得注意的是，65%的工作年龄成年人还表示，过去一年其他商品和服务的价格上涨影响了他们或家人支付医疗费用的能力)”可知，较高的生活成本导致大多数处于工作年龄的美国人难以支付医疗费用。故选C。 19. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“About half of working-age adults with Medicare coverage and 45% of those insured under Medicaid (医疗补助) also reported having difficulty paying health care costs.(大约一半有医疗保险的适龄工作成年人和45%有医疗补助的人也表示难以支付医疗费用)”以及划线词上文“It follows a separate analysis from research organization KFF that showed both health insurance costs for employer-sponsored plans and worker contributions to those plans”可知，工薪阶层买保险能力下降，另一方面雇主赞助计划的健康保险费用和工人对这些计划的贡献有所上升，故划线词意思是“上升”。故选B。 20. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“More than 6 in 10 people who lacked any type of health insurance said they or a family member delayed or skipped care because they couldn’t afford it. And among all those who reported skipping or delaying care, 57% said a health problem got worse as a result.(在没有任何类型医疗保险的人中，超过六成的人表示，他们或家庭成员推迟或跳过了医疗，因为他们负担不起。在所有报告跳过或延迟治疗的人中，57%的人表示健康问题因此恶化)”可知，那些没有任何类型的健康保险的人如果有健康问题，他们可能会变得更糟。故选A。 Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries (老年医保受惠人). The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care. Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U. S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results I emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. How do we fix this problem? It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade. Who will be there to treat them? 21. We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that ________. A. the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure B. seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors C. visiting the same doctor on a regular basis ensures good health D. the more doctors a patient sees, the better 22. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to ________. A. increase their income by working overtime B. improve their expertise and service C. see more patients at the expense of quality D. make various deals with specialists 23. What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care? A. Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians. B. Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. C. Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. D. Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. 24. The best title for this passage is ________. A. The Health Care in Trouble B. The Imbalance System C. The Declining Number of Doctors D. The Ever-rising Health Care Costs 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱，而美国却强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生，以至于初级保健滑落，并给出了具体原因和针对这一问题的对策。 21. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care. (令人吃惊的发现是，医保病人平均每年看7位医生——2位初级保健医生和5位专科医生。与普遍的看法相反，更多的医生照顾你并不能保证更好的护理)”可推断普遍的看法是病人看的医生越多越好，故选D。 22. 细节理解题。根据第四段“How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用). Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease. Combining this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately (任意地) cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. (我们怎么会让初级保健滑落到如此地步?关键是医生的薪酬。大多数医生在提供医疗服务时获得报酬。医生做得越多，无论质量或结果如何，他得到的补偿就越多。此外，医生的收入很大程度上依赖于医疗或外科手术。一位专家在30分钟内完成一项手术，其收入是一位初级保健医生在30分钟内讨论病人病情的三倍。再加上政府每年都威胁任意地地削减报销，医生们别无选择，只能增加数量来增加收入。)”可知，面对政府不加选择地削减报销的威胁，初级保健医生不得不以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人，故选C。 23. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳的) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving students loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries. (首先要改革医生报销制度。消除初级保健医生每小时挤进更多病人的压力，并奖励他们对疾病的最佳管理和循证医学的实践。通过减免那些选择初级保健作为职业的学生贷款，调和专科医生和初级保健医生之间的显著差异，使初级保健对医学生更具吸引力)”可知为了提供更好的医疗保健，作者建议调和专科医生和初级保健医生之间的显著差异，也就是工资差距，故选A。 24. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段和第二段“Huge health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily. Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician. (巨额的医疗费用、急诊室的长时间等待以及找不到初级保健医生，这些都只是患者每天面临的问题的皮毛。初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱。在卫生结果和费用方面，拥有适当初级保健资源的国家得分很高。美国采取了相反的方法，强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生。)”可知本文主要讲述初级保健应是任何卫生保健系统的支柱，而美国却强调专科医生而不是初级保健医生，导致初级保健下滑，也就是保健系统的不平衡，所以B选项“不平衡的系统”符合文章题意，故选B。 变式二：阅读理解态度推断题4篇 Using CRISPR genome (基因组) editing on a few common crops, a team of plant and soil scientists seeks to greatly increase and speed up carbon storage to help fight climate change. To prevent dangerous levels of global warming, scientists say it won’t be enough to just stop burning fossil fuels that release carbon into the air. Because it’s nearly impossible for humanity to do that as fast as is now required, we will also need to pull carbon out of the air and se cure it. Plants are among the best tools we have to do this, since these living solar collectors already capture billions of tons of carbon dioxide each year from the atmosphere through photosynthesis (光合作用). About half of that carbon winds up in roots and eventually the soil, where it can stay for hundreds to thousands of years. But what if we could create plants and soils that are better at capturing carbon? With CRISPR genome editing — a new molecular (分子的) biology tool that allows scientists to make edits to the DNA code that underpins all life — that might be possible. Last month, the Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), a research team founded by CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna, began to explore the idea. With an $ 11-million donation from the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, a team of researchers made a three-year effort using CRISPR to create new crop varieties that photosynthesize more efficiently and transport more carbon into the soil. Eventually, the researchers hope to create gene-edited rice and sorghum seeds that could — if planted around the globe—pull more than a billion extra tons of carbon out of the air annually. It’s an ambitious goal, and the team is likely to face numerous challenges in the lab before its CO2-cleaning plants can be put in the ground. Additional social, policy, and ethical considerations will determine whether those crops are widely accepted by farmers. But the researchers believe their ambitious project is beneficial to cope with climate crisis. 1. What is the purpose of using CRISPR genome editing on crops? A. To produce more carbon. B. To help fight climate change. C. To increase the yield of African crops. D. To improve soil structure. 2. What does the underlined word “capture” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Release. B. Mix. C. Elect. D. Absorb. 3. What can be inferred from this text? A. It is still unknown whether gene-edited crops will be accepted. B. CO2-cleaning plants can be put in the ground now. C. Researchers have successfully created gene-edited rice and sorghum seeds. D. CRISPR genome editing will face so many challenges that it has no future. 4. What is the researchers’ attitude to the gene-edited crops? A. Indifferent. B. Opposed. C. Hopeful. D. Negative. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一支由植物和土壤科学家组成的团队利用CRISPR基因组编辑技术，试图大大增加和加快碳的储存，以帮助应对气候变化。他们希望通过改造作物的基因来提高光合作用效率，使其能捕获更多的二氧化碳并将其转运到土壤中。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Using CRISPR genome (基因组) editing on a few common crops, a team of plant and soil scientists seeks to greatly increase and speed up carbon storage to help fight climate change.(一个由植物和土壤科学家组成的团队试图通过对几种常见作物进行CRISPR基因组编辑，大幅增加和加速碳储存，以帮助应对气候变化。)”可知，在作物上使用CRISPR基因组编辑的目的是帮助应对气候变化。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的主语“these living solar collectors(这些活的太阳能收集器)”以及后面的内容“…billions of tons of carbon dioxide each year from the atmosphere through photosynthesis(…每年通过光合作用从大气中吸收数十亿吨的二氧化碳)”可知，此处表示这些活的太阳能收集器即植物每年通过光合作用吸收了数十亿吨的二氧化碳，因此划线词capture的意思是“吸收”，和D选项意思相近，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Eventually, the researchers hope to create gene-edited rice and sorghum seeds that could—if planted around the globe—pull more than a billion extra tons of carbon out of the air annually.(最终，研究人员希望创造出基因编辑的水稻和高粱种子，如果在全球范围内种植，每年可以从空气中吸收超过10亿吨的碳。)”以及最后一段中“Additional social, policy, and ethical considerations will determine whether those crops are widely accepted by farmers.(额外的社会、政策和伦理考虑将决定这些作物是否被农民广泛接受。)”可知，目前尚不清楚基因编辑作物是否会被接受。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But the researchers believe their ambitious project is beneficial to cope with climate crisis.(但研究人员认为，他们雄心勃勃的项目有利于应对气候危机。)”可知，研究人员对基因编辑作物的态度是充满希望的。故选C。 “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” could eventually become less of a baby lullaby and more of an elegy (挽歌). Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year, according to a study that analyzed reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers. That’s a much faster rate of change than scientists previously estimated looking at satellite data. To illustrate the change, researchers gave this example: A child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night. By the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars are still visible. “We are losing, year by year, the possibility to see the stars, which has been a universal human experience,” said Fabio Falchi, a physicist at Chile’s University of Santiago de Compostela. “If you can still see the dimmest stars, you are in a very dark place. But if you see only the brightest ones, you are in a very light-polluted place.” “Prior studies of artificial lighting, which used satellite images of the Earth at night, had estimated the annual increase in sky brightness to be about 2% a year,” said Christopher Kyba, a physicist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam. But the satellites used weren’t able to detect light with wavelengths toward the blue end of the spectrum (光谱) — including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs. More than half of the new outdoor lights installed in the United States in the past decade have been LED lights, according to the researchers. The satellites are also better at detecting light that scatters (散射) upward, like a spotlight, than light that scatters horizontally (水平地). Georgetown University biologist Emily Williams, who was not part of the study, said, “Skyglow disturbs circadian rhythms in humans and other forms of life. Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to find out where they are in the sky at night. And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient toward the ocean — light pollution is a huge deal for them.” 5. What did the researchers, example indicate in paragraph 3? A. The rapid decrease in star visibility. B. The severity of outdoor air pollution. C. Children’s fondness for a clear night sky. D. People’s regret for lost childhood activities. 6. Which of the following was a disadvantage of satellites used in previous studies? A. It couldn’t discover the blue color. B. It failed to detect the whole spectrum. C. It was sensitive to light from LED bulbs. D. It couldn’t find horizontal light resources. 7. What is Emily Williams’ attitude to the effects of light pollution? A. Tolerant. B. Concerned. C. Unclear. D. Doubtful. 8. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Stars Are Disappearing from the Night Sky B. The Meaning Behind a Traditional Baby Song C. Light Pollution Harms Wildlife and Ecosystems D. Satellites Used in Measuring Night Sky Brightness 【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了由于人造照明的增加，夜空的亮度每年以大约10%的速度增长，导致星星的可见性迅速减少。研究者通过例子说明了这一变化，并指出人造照明的增加速度比之前通过卫星数据估计的要快。 5. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“To illustrate the change, researchers gave this example: A child is born where 250 stars are visible on a clear night. By the time that child turns 18, only 100 stars are still visible.(为了说明这种变化，研究人员举了一个例子：在晴朗的夜晚，一个孩子出生时可以看到250颗星星。当这个孩子18岁的时候，只有100颗星星是可见的。)”可知，研究者通过一个孩子从出生到18岁时星星可见数量的变化，说明了星星可见性的快速下降。故选A。 6. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But the satellites used weren’t able to detect light with wavelengths toward the blue end of the spectrum (光谱)—including the light from energy-efficient LED bulbs. (但是使用的卫星无法探测到波长接近光谱蓝色末端的光，包括节能LED灯泡发出的光。)”以及本段中“The satellites are also better at detecting light that scatters (散射) upward, like a spotlight, than light that scatters horizontally (水平地).( 卫星在探测像聚光灯一样向上散射的光方面也比探测水平散射的光要好。)”可知，先前使用的卫星无法检测到波长偏向光谱蓝色端的光，包括节能LED灯泡发出的光，同时先前使用的卫星更擅长检测向上散射的光，而不是水平散射的光即它的缺点是找不到水平的光源。故选D。 7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Georgetown University biologist Emily Williams, who was not part of the study, said, “Skyglow disturbs circadian rhythms in humans and other forms of life. Migratory songbirds normally use starlight to find out where they are in the sky at night. And when sea turtle babies hatch, they use light to orient toward the ocean—light pollution is a huge deal for them.”(乔治城大学的生物学家Emily Williams没有参与这项研究，她说:“天光扰乱了人类和其他生命形式的昼夜节律。迁徙的鸣禽通常在夜间利用星光来确定它们在天空中的位置。当海龟宝宝孵化时，它们利用光来定位海洋——光污染对它们来说是一个巨大的问题。”)”可知，Emily Williams提到了光污染对人类和其他生物生物钟的干扰，以及对迁徙鸟类和海龟幼崽导航能力的影响，显示出她对光污染影响的关心。故选B。 8. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Seeing stars keeps getting more difficult because artificial lighting is making the night sky about 10% brighter each year, according to a study that analyzed reports from more than 50,000 amateur stargazers. That’s a much faster rate of change than scientists previously estimated looking at satellite data.( 一项研究分析了来自5万多名业余观星者的报告，发现观测星星越来越困难，因为人工照明使夜空每年变亮10%左右。这比科学家先前通过卫星数据估计的变化速度要快得多。)”以及通读全文，文章主要讨论了由于人造照明的增加，夜空的亮度每年以大约10%的速度增长，导致星星的可见性迅速减少。研究者通过例子说明了这一变化，并指出人造照明的增加速度比之前通过卫星数据估计的要快。A选项“Stars Are Disappearing from the Night Sky(星星正在从夜空中消失)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选A。 Researchers at the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) have developed a groundbreaking sweat biosensor that opens up new possibilities for real-time health monitoring. Wearable sensors, typically worn directly on the skin, can monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle activity. However, designing chemical sensors for detecting substance in bodily liquid, like sweat, has proven more complex due to issues of skin irritation (刺激) and accuracy when integrated into clothing. Addressing these challenges, the research team at TUS used a technique called “heat-transfer Printing” to fix a thin, flexible chloride ion (氯离子) sensor onto a clothing base and then integrated it into clothes such as T-shirts. Further, health signs such as chloride ion concentration in sweat can be measured by simply wearing them. By moving the sensor outside of the clothing piece, skin irritation is prevented. The wicking effect (芯吸效应) of fiber helps distributing sweat evenly between the sensor’s electrodes (电极), ensuring stable electrical contact and therefore improving the accuracy. Additionally, the team carefully selected skin-friendly materials and conducted various experiments using artificial sweat to prove the sensor’s accuracy in measuring chloride ion concentration. To assess its practicality, the team tested the sensor on a volunteer who engaged in a 30-minute exercise on a still bicycle. Measurements of bodily liquid were taken every five minutes and compared with the data collected by the sensor. The wearable sensor reliably measured the concentration of chloride ions in sweat. Moreover, the sensor has the capability to deliver data wirelessly, enabling real-time health monitoring. This breakthrough can boost the development of advanced healthcare devices that offer precise and convenient monitoring of important health indicators. With the power of these tiny electronics, researchers are pushing the boundaries of healthcare innovation to improve disease prevention and overall well-being. 9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Varieties of sweat biosensors. B. Popularity of wearable equipment. C. Complexity in monitoring vital body signs. D. Difficulties in designing chemical sensors. 10. What contributes to the even distribution of sweat between the sensor’s electrodes? A. The technique of heat-transfer printing. B. The chloride ion sensor. C. The wicking effect of fibre. D. Selected skin-friendly materials. 11. What is the purpose of the test on the volunteer? A. To evaluate the sensor’s reliability. B. To improve the volunteer’s performance. C. To determine the sensor’s duration. D. To ensure the volunteer’s well-being. 12. What is the author’s attitude toward the new technology? A. Critical. B. Expectant. C. Reserved. D. Doubtful. 【答案】9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了东京理科大学的研究人员开发的一种突破性的汗液生物传感器，该传感器可以实时监测健康状况。 9. 主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“However, designing chemical sensors for detecting substances in bodily liquids, like sweat, has proven more complex due to issues of skin irritation and accuracy when integrated into clothing.（然而，设计用于检测体液（如汗液）中物质的化学传感器被证明更为复杂，因为在衣物中集成时存在皮肤刺激和准确性问题。）”可知，这一段主要说明了设计用于衣物中检测汗液中化学物质的传感器所面临的困难。故选D项。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The wicking effect of fiber helps distribute sweat evenly between the sensor’s electrodes, ensuring stable electrical contact and therefore improving the accuracy.（纤维的芯吸效应有助于在传感器电极间均匀分布汗水，确保稳定的电气接触，从而提高准确性。）”可知，纤维的芯吸效应促成了传感器电极间汗水的均匀分布。故选C项。 11. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“To assess its practicality, the team tested the sensor on a volunteer who engaged in a 30-minute exercise on a stationary bicycle. Measurements of bodily fluids were taken every five minutes and compared with the data collected by the sensor.（为了评估其实用性，研究小组让一名志愿者进行了30分钟的固定自行车锻炼，并对其进行了测试。每五分钟测量一次体液，并与传感器收集的数据进行比较。）”可知，对志愿者进行测试的目的是评估传感器的可靠性。故选A项。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This breakthrough can boost the development of advanced healthcare devices that offer precise and convenient monitoring of important health indicators. With the power of these tiny electronics, researchers are pushing the boundaries of healthcare innovation to improve disease prevention and overall well-being.（这一突破可以推动先进医疗设备的发展，这些设备能够精确、方便地监测重要的健康指标。凭借这些微型电子设备的力量，研究人员正在推动医疗保健创新的边界，以改善疾病预防和整体福祉。）”可知，作者对于这项新技术持期待和乐观的态度。故选B项。 Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world. The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical Compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. The project was launched by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow water and they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. The material comes from the breakdown of manufactured plastic products and industrial waste. The team said the robots can be controlled by light. Turning “a near-infrared light laser” on and off causes the fish’s tail to move back and forth, the American Chemical Society said. The robotic fish can swim up to 2.76 body lengths per second. The researchers said this is faster than most similar soft robots. Wang Yuyan was a member of Sichuan University’s research team. She told Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. The fish can take in different kinds of microplastics and even repair itself when damaged, the researchers said. And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it can safely digest the material, the team added. Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or diseases. 13. Why has a robotic fish been created? A. To remove disease in people. B. To clean up pollution in oceans. C. To remove unwanted materials in body. D. To remove microplastic particles in water. 14. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The purpose of the robotic fish. B. The function of the robotic fish, C. A further introduction of the robotic fish. D. Potential application of the robotic fish. 15. What will happen to the robotic fish when eaten by a real fish? A. It will be harmless. B. It will repair itself. C. It will take in microplastics. D. It will collect microplastics. 16. What is Wang Yuyan’s attitude to the future use of the robotic fish? A. Pessimistic. B. Positive. C. Unclear. D. Suspicious. 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对科学家们新开发出的一种可以清除水中微塑料颗粒的机器鱼进行了相关介绍。 13. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Chinese scientists say they have developed a robotic fish that can remove microplastic particles from water environments. Researchers working on the project say the robots could help to clean up plastic pollution in oceans around the world. (中国科学家表示，他们已经开发出一种机器鱼，可以从水中清除微塑料颗粒。从事该项目的研究人员表示，机器人可以帮助清理世界各地海洋中的塑料污染。)”可知，发明机器鱼是为了清除水中的微塑料颗粒。故选D项。 14. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The robotic swimmers are about 1.3 centimeters long. They are made of a soft chemical Compound. The robots are designed to absorb microplastics while moving through the water. ...The researchers said the robots have already performed well in shallow water and they plan to carry out more tests in deeper waters. The scientists reported their findings in a new study in Nano Letters. The publication comes from the American Chemical Society, a nonprofit organization supported by the U.S. Congress. The robotic fish were built to target microplastic particles, which are smaller than five millimeters. Studies have confirmed that microplastic pollution has been discovered in many natural environments. (这种自动游泳者大约1.3厘米长。它们是由一种柔软的化合物构成的。这些机器人被设计成在水中移动时吸收微塑料。……研究人员表示，机器人已经在浅水区表现良好，他们计划在深水区进行更多测试。科学家们在《纳米快报》的一项新研究中报告了他们的发现。这份报告来自美国化学学会，这是一个由美国国会支持的非营利组织。这种机器鱼的目标是小于5毫米的塑料微粒。研究证实，在许多自然环境中都发现了微塑料污染。)”可知，本段介绍了这种机器鱼的构造、用途、目标以及在水下的工作表现，故本段主要是对这种机器鱼进行了进一步的介绍；故选C项。 15. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, it could safely digest the material, the team added. (研究小组补充说，如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃了，它可以安全地消化这些物质。)”可知，如果机器鱼不小心被真鱼吃下去了，也能安全地被真鱼所消化，即它是无害的。故选A项。 16. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“She told Reuters news agency that the small, lightweight robot is currently being used to collect microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team plans to expand that use so the robot fish can remove larger amounts of microplastic waste from deep ocean areas. (她告诉路透社，这种小巧轻便的机器人目前正出于研究目的被用于收集微塑料。但是王补充说，研究小组计划扩大这种应用，这样机器鱼就可以从深海区域移除大量的微塑料废物。)”可知，王玉燕说研究小组计划扩大这种轻便机器人的应用，让这种机器鱼从深海区域移除微塑料废物，故推知她对于这种机器鱼是抱有积极态度的；根据文章最后一句“Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside the human body to remove unwanted materials or disease. (王说，可以开发类似的机器人，放置在人体内去除无用的物质或疾病。)”可知，王提出进一步的设想，即开发类似的机器人，说明她很看好这种机器鱼；综上所述，王玉燕对于这种机器鱼是持有积极、肯定的态度。故选B项。 $$