专题07 阅读理解之说明文(湖南省中考真题+名校模拟)-备战2025年中考英语常考语法点+题型练习(中考真题+名校模拟真题)(湖南专用)

专题07 阅读理解之说明文 (湖南省中考真题+名校模拟) （2024·湖南·中考真题）Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells (红胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves. Loud noises can damage (损伤) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 1．What can we know about hair cells? A．They help us hear. B．They look like hairs lying down. C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A musical voice. B．A kind of instrument. C．Ringing in ears. 3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To give advice. B．To show problems. C．To explain reasons. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C．After using a headphone, check your ears. （2024·湖南·中考真题）Would you be able to sleep with one eye open? Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping. Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳动物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there. Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (镜子) and check different parts of their body in it. 5．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open? A．To stay safe. B．To sleep for two hours. C．To swim faster. 6．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2? A．They use gills to get air. B．They are warm-blooded. C．They lay eggs like fish. 7．How do dolphins talk to each other? A．By learning fishing skills. B．By using different sounds. C．By checking their bodies. 8．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature. （2024·湖南娄底·二模）“Yolo” (《热辣滚烫》) is one of the Top 10 movies recently. It tells a story about an ordinary woman, Dui Leying. She tried hard to lose her weight from 100 kg to 50 kg, turning herself from a fat loser to a strong and successful boxer. When the movie came out, it got surprise hit and was loved by the young people who need courage to make a change to their own life. A very famous comedy actress, Ja Ling, played the role of Dui Leying in the movie. It was an unusual experience for her to play this role. Ja Ling was very serious about her character and she tried to make this character close to real life. In order to act well, she needed to put on weight to be very fat and then do sports to be very strong in a short time. Ja Ling started to eat a lot every day before making the movie. She ate at least 5 meals a day including much junk food. She became too fat to run quickly. It is simple to be fat but difficult to be strong. Ja Ling invited many coaches to train her to lose weight and took her a few months to be strong. She must eat less and drink more. Strength training is also important. This kind of physical training is very boring. She had to lift different weights and do it over and over again. Ja Ling set a goal to herself day by day and the minute she made it, she fell down on the ground and could hardly stand up. In the end, she became the perfect person the movie needs. The role she played was very moving and she succeeded at last. As she says, the most important thing in life is not whether you can reach your goal but whether you have made the greatest efforts. 9．What’s probably the meaning of the underlined word “hit” in the passage? A．成功 B．失败 C．打击 10．The movie is loved by the young people because . A．Dui Leying successfully lost her weight B．the movie can encourage them to become better C．Dui Leying became a successful boxer 11．What is the correct order of the following things about Ja Ling? ①She changed his eating habits and did sports to become strong. ②She was serious about the character and she needed to make great efforts. ③ To be fat, she ate too much food. ④ Finally, she succeeded. A．③②④① B．②③①④ C．②①④③ 12．Which of the following is true about Ja Ling from the last paragraph? A．“Yolo” is a true story about Jia Ling herself. B．The movie was a success because Jia Ling successfully reached her goal of losing weight. C．She thinks it is the most important thing to make the greatest efforts. （2024·湖南娄底·二模）Many people say dolphins are intelligent. They seem to be able to think, understand and learn things quickly. But are they as smart as humans, or are they more like cats and dogs? Dolphins use their brains quite differently from the way humans do. But scientists say dolphins and humans are very similar in some ways. How? Like humans, every dolphin has its own “name”. The name is a special whistle (哨声). Each dolphin chooses a specific (特有的) whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Dolphins are like people in other ways, too. They “talk” to each other about a lot of things—such as their age, their feelings, and finding food. They also use a system of sounds and body language to communicate. Understanding dolphin conversation is not easy for humans. No one “speaks dolphin” yet, but some scientists are trying to learn. Dolphins are also social animals. They live in groups called pods, and they often join others from different pods to play games and have fun—just like people. Scientists believe playing together is something only intelligent animals do. Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: both species make plans for getting things they want. In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use an intelligent plan to get food.When there are fish near a boat, dolphins signal (发信号) to the fishermen to put their nets in the water. Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish. Why do dolphins help the men? There is an advantage for them: they get to eat some of the fish that escape (逃脱) from the net. 13．What is a dolphin’s “name”? A．It is a kind of game. B．It is a body sign. C．It is a specific sound. 14．What does the underlined word “others” refer to? A．Other dolphins B．Other people C．Other fishes. 15．What can we infer from the passage? A．Some scientists can understand dolphins’ system of sounds. B．Dolphins probably help fishermen by using their body language. C．Humans join dolphins’ groups to get things we want. 16．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Dolphins help humans do many things like catching fish. B．Dolphins are social animals because they play together. C．Dolphins are smart and are like humans in some ways. （2024·湖南衡阳·一模）On August 24, 2023, Japan started pouring nuclear-contaminated water (核污染水) into the sea. It plans to keep pouring it slowly at least from 2023 to 2053. In the water, there are over 60 radioactive elements (放射性元素). These elements give off a lot of radiation (辐射). This can give people cancer (癌症) and even change our DNA． When the contaminated water goes into the sea, it moves with the ocean currents (洋流). A study shows that the water from Japan will cover all the seas on Earth in 10 years. So, is it now safe to eat seafood or play in the sea? China has stopped importing (进口) seafood from Japan. Also, it is checking the radiation in the sea. Is there a safe way to deal with nuclear water? Finland (芬兰) puts it under the ground. It is now building Onkalo a big storage (存储) area for nuclear (核能的) waste. Onkalo is 450 meters deep under the ground. Finland may start using it in about two years. However, Japan chose a low-priced but irresponsible way. 17．How long does Japan plan to keep pouring nuclear-contaminated water into the sea? A．At least 30 years. B．At least 40 years. C．At least 50 years. 18．What can cause people cancer and change our DNA? A．Radiation. B．Radioactive elements. C．Seafood. 19．What can be inferred (推断) according to paragraph 3? A．It’s safe to eat seafood from Japan. B．More and more people will play in the sea in the future. C．China is checking the radiation in the sea. 20．What does the underlined word “irresponsible” mean? A．高效的 B．不负责任的 C．低成本的 （2024·湖南衡阳·一模）Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of China. Harbin is famous for its cold winters. People call it “Ice City”. Every year, millions of people from all over the world visit Harbin. They come to see the famous Harbin Ice and Snow Festival. The festival usually begins in January. During the festival, visitors can enjoy the beautiful Ice and Snow World. They can see many fantastic ice and snow sculptures (雕塑). They can go skating and skiing, too. If you like ice and snow, you will love Harbin. Harbin is over 800 years old. Tourists can see many buildings in the city. If you take a walk down Central Street, you can see many nice European style buildings. People also call this street “the Eastern Moscow”. Come and visit Harbin. You will love it! 11 children from Nanning, Guangxi took an educational trip to Harbin. People call them “little tangerines (小砂糖橘)”. This is because of the orange down jackets (羽绒服) they wore. The oldest is just 6 and a half years old, while the youngest only 3 years and 5 months old. In Harbin, they ate the local food and watched a firework display (烟花展). When they arrived in Mohe, the group was warmly welcomed by a local travel agency (代理机构). Moreover, the police officers at the station spent some time making snow sculptures and snowmen for these children. 21．What do people call Harbin? A．“Ice City”. B．“Snow City”. C．“Water City”. 22．When does Harbin Ice and Snow Festival begin every year? A．In December. B．In January. C．In February. 23．What activities can people take part in during this famous festival? A．They can see many fantastic ice and snow sculptures. B．They can go skating and skiing. C．A and B． 24．Why do people call the children “little tangerines”? A．Because they are oranges. B．Because they like oranges. C．Because they wore the orange down jackets. （2024·湖南·三模）Scientists in Norway (挪威) have created an underwater robot that can tell different kinds of pollution at the bottom of the sea. The robot will help clean-up teams find the rubbish and give them a chance to remove (去除) the things that can cause the most harm to the environment. The robot, which weighs nearly 100 pounds and uses special cameras to take 3D pictures, was created by a team at Skarv Technologies (矽卡岩技术). The researchers put their work to the test at a lake in the city of Bergen, on Norway’s southwest coast. First, the robot swam up and down in rows at about six feet (英尺) above the lake bed, collecting information with the special camera. Then a computer turned the information into a map, which showed different kinds of rubbish in different colors. A total of 3,894 objects were found in the lake and divided into different kinds. “There’s too much rubbish,” a member of the Skarv Technologies team told New Scientist. “There’s somewhere around 165 to 300 tons of rubbish in the lake.” It is not always possible for clean-up teams to remove all the rubbish they find underwater, because there is something more important to clean. The robot will be used to help the teams find the most harmful things, and spend their time, efforts and money in removing them first. “Glass isn’t really polluting,” said Fossum. “So if you know there’s an area with a lot of glass, you probably can ignore (忽视) that. Instead, you should pay attention to the things that are putting heavy metals into the environment.” Besides helping to check the pollution, the robot can also tell the positions (位置) of animals in the sea. It can avoid hurting the animals while the clean-up teams remove the rubbish. 25．What can the underwater robot do? A．It can remove all the rubbish. B．It can tell the positions of lakes. C．It can tell different kinds of pollution. 26．How does the underwater robot collect information ? A．By drawing a map of the lake. B．By turning the maps into different texts. C．By using special cameras to take pictures. 27．What is the writer’s purpose (目的) of writing Paragraph 4? A．To work out how much rubbish is in the lake. B．To show that the underwater robot is helpful. C．To tell us how to clean up the rubbish in the lake. 28．What will the writer probably talk about next? A．When the robot will be used around the world. B．How the robot tells the positions of animals. C．What pollution animals cause in the sea. （2024·湖南·三模）What’s Anti-Bullying Day (反霸凌日)? Anti-Bullying Day is a special day when people talk about bullying and what we can do to stop it. A lot of children take part in activities at school and online, to learn about what bullying means and what we can do if we see it happening. When is Anti-Bullying Day? The date of Anti-Bullying Day is different in different countries. In many places, it’s on 4 May (United Nations Anti-Bullying Day). In the UK, Anti-Bullying Week takes place every November. Every day of the year, it’s important to stand up against (反对) bullying. What exactly is bullying? Often bullying happens when one person has more power than the other person—perhaps they’re bigger or older, or they have more friends. When someone uses their power to hurt another person on purpose, especially more than once, that’s bullying. Bullying can be with words (saying mean (刻薄的、恶毒的) things) or it can be physical (hitting, pushing or taking someone’s things). Leaving someone out of a group or ignoring (忽视) them again and again is also bullying. How can we stand up against bullying? If someone is bullying you, you could ignore (忽视) them, tell them to stop or walk away. Pretend (假装) that you don’t care and try to look confident, even if you don’t feel it. Tell a friend or a classmate what’s happening and ask them to help; or talk to your parents,a teacher or another adult you trust. If you see someone else being bullied, never join in with the bullying or laugh at it.That will make it worse. Instead, be an “upstander”—help and support the person who is being bullied. Tell a trusted adult about the bullying. If we all stand up against bullying, we can make it stop. 29．In the UK, when is Anti-Bullying Week held? A．In November. B．On May 4. C．Each week. 30．Which of the following is a form of bullying? A．Invite someone join a group. B．Say kind words to others once. C．Push someone on purpose repeatedly. 31．What should you do if you see someone being bullied? A．Join in and support the bully. B．Tell it to a trusted adult. C．Walk away or ignore them. 32．What is the best title of the passage? A．The History of Anti-Bullying Day. B．The Importance of Anti-Bullying Day. C．Anti-Bullying Day: Raising Awareness (提高认识) and Taking Action. （2024·湖南邵阳·二模） Can you cook? Do you like the homework of making a meal? Recently, the Ministry of Education (教育部) has made the new course standard. Primary and middle school students are required to take “Practical Life Skills” course for at least one class hour—about 45 minutes every week. Some schools have started to offer such course. Guquan from No. 1 Middle School, used to be a lazy boy. In his own words, he hardly ever did any housework. But things have changed since No. 1 Middle School made housework part of the students’ homework. Doing dishes, cooking and making the bed—all of these housework have become part of Guquan’s daily life. His life skills have been improved (提升) by taking the course. At the beginning of each month, each student gets a list of housework to do for the weekend. Their parents help them keep records of the housework they do. The housework is common and simple, such as cleaning the room and cooking. On special days, like Mother’s Day, students should prepare gifts for their mothers. Huang Yixi, 14, has learned several life skills through the course, including cooking. “I used to be afraid of fire,” she said. But she tried to overcome (克服) her fear and complete her cooking tasks. At the same time, she also learned how tired her mother could get after doing housework every day. On Mother’s Day, she made a cake for her mother to show her thanks. “I’ve begun to better understand my parents and want to help them more,” she said. Other schools in Hunan are also developing programs to teach their students life skills. On May 12th, Xinhua Middle School held a life skill competition. Students had to complete many tasks including cooking and setting the table. They showed their skills and told everyone that they were growing up. 33．How long should students spend on “Practical Life Skills” course per week at least? A．45 minutes. B．An hour. C．Over an hour. 34．What do we know about Guquan? A．He is a primary school student. B．He didn’t do housework before. C．He doesn’t have any life skills at all. 35．What did Huang Yixi learn from the course? A．What to do to keep away from fire. B．When and where to learn life skills. C．How to understand and help her mom. 36．What do you think of the course according to the passage? A．Interesting but useless. B．Meaningful but boring. C．Useful and educational. （2024·湖南邵阳·三模）①“Volunteering (做志愿工作) can make a real difference to the world. It makes you look at the world differently. You see how little things can change a person's life for the better, which makes everyone a better person.” Mason, a volunteer said. ②National Volunteer Week started in 1974 and is held every April. It is a time to thank volunteers for their achievements. It is also a perfect opportunity (机会) to encourage others to take their first step toward becoming a volunteer. Making the decision to take the first step can be the biggest problem, because they often wonder if they will be able to meet the organization’s expectations (期望). Some people fear not knowing anyone else in the group. Not having enough time also stops some from sharing their abilities. The following tips can help if you have some of these worries. ③Start out slowly, don’t add too much pressure (压力). Even a few hours a month can make a big difference in someone’s life. ④Choose an organization (组织) with the same interests and common values. ⑤Take part in a training meeting for new volunteers, even if it is not asked. ⑥Work with a experienced volunteer. He volunteered a lot, he can help you increase the confidence and completely understand the organization’s expectations. ⑦Invite a friend or family member to serve. It is a good experience to volunteer with them. ⑧Finally, it is most important to enjoy the volunteer experience and to remember that not all volunteer experiences are perfect. If one experience doesn’t work, don’t give up and you’ll surely find the right opportunity. ⑨Spend some time on volunteer work and you will see great changes in people’s lives. As Mason discovered during his volunteer experience, “... little things can change a person’s life.” 37．Volunteering can help one _________. A．make a decision B．see the world clearly C．live a better life 38．What stops people taking the first step to volunteer? A．They don’t have enough time. B．They are stopped by their families. C．They fear that their abilities are shared. 39．Which of the following can help people take the first step? A．Start out quickly. B．Organize a training meeting. C．Work with volunteers with much experience. 40．What is the structure of the passage? A．①/②③/④⑤⑥⑦⑧/⑨ B．①②/③④⑤⑥⑦⑧/⑨ C．①/②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧/⑨ （2024·湖南株洲·一模）Warning: this article may make you want to yawn (打哈欠). Why? It’s because we’re talking about the world of sleep cycles (周期) in light of World Sleep Day which was celebrated on March 21st. Our bodies sleep in 90-minute cycles, experiencing five to six each night. Each cycle has four stages. At first, you enter a light stage of sleep when your muscles relax. Then, the body temperature drops, and the heart rate slows. Next comes deep sleep. It’s difficult to wake up during this stage. This is when your body repairs itself and builds up energy for the day ahead. Finally, you get into the rapid eye movement sleep stage. Waking up in the morning in the “wrong” stage can make you feel especially tired. An app called Sleep Calculator can help you avoid this. It’s a tool designed to work out the perfect bedtime for you based on your wake-up time. Developed by the UK company Hillary, this smart app takes into account the sleep cycles our bodies go through each night. Whether you’re an early bird or a night owl (猫头鹰), simply set your wake-up time, and the app will work its magic, suggesting the best bedtime to help you wake up feeling energetic. It’s important to remember that you shouldn’t just start your sleep cycle whenever you want. Many young people go to bed late and get up late, such as sleeping from 2 am to 10 am. They think if they have 8 hours of sleep, everything will be fine. But in fact, our bodies can tell the time by using light and temperature. If we wake up too late, we may feel silly. That’s why sometimes we feel even more tired after oversleeping. 41．This article probably makes you want to yawn because it’s about ________. A．cycling B．sleep cycles C．soft music 42．How many stages does each sleep cycle have? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. 43．What are people advised to do according to the last two paragraphs? A．To have 8 hours of sleep a day at any time. B．To wake up by using light and temperature. C．To follow the body clock to have good sleep. 44．In which part of a magazine can you probably read this passage? A．Art. B．Science. C．Sports. （2024·湖南湘西·一模） Although it is small, Macao is a city that keeps attracting (吸引) visitors to return again and again. Why? We will help you discover the city’s beauty. If you come to Macao, you mustn’t miss an experience of the morning tea. People enjoy tea and dim sum (点心) in a slow manner. One of the earliest tea houses in Macao—Longhua Tea House, is famous for its old-fashioned fans, windows, and Chinese watercolor works on the internet. It reminds you about 50-year-old Hong Kong movies easily. After a taste of local delicious food, our next stop is Kuan Tai Temple (庙). Centuries ago, businessmen in Macao would gather in temples to exchange information on business chances, but as people became more and more, businessmen didn’t have enough space. Then, more than two centuries ago, Kuan Tai Temple was built with the effort of several businessmen. Today’s Kuan Tai Temple is where activities such as the lion and dragon dance are held on traditional holidays. Our next place is a landmark of Macao. More than four centuries ago, St. Paul’s College, the first Western-style university was built in Macao. Then in 1835, a great fire burned most buildings of the college. The front of the college’s church and part of the stone steps were undamaged (未破坏的). The remains, now known as the Ruins of St. Paul’s, have become a symbol of Macao and a must-see not to be missed by any visitor to the city. 45．What do people think about having morning tea in Macao? A．Exciting. B．Relaxing. C．Worrying. 46．Why is Longhua Tea House internet-famous? A．Because of the Hong Kong movies. B．Because of its old-fashioned style. C．Because of the tea and dim sum. 47．Which is TRUE about St. Paul’s College? A．It is the first university in Macao. B．It was completely destroyed in a fire. C．The remains are a symbol of Macao. 48．What is the best title for the passage? A．Beauty of Macao B．Eating in Macao C．Landmarks of Macao 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了耳机很有用，但是它也会导致听力丧失，所以文章建议我们要合理使用耳机。 1．细节理解题。根据“There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. ‘We call them hair cells,’ Jackie Clark said.”可知，毛细胞帮助我们听到声音。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“‘It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,’ Clark says.”可知，这就像有人在笛子上很长时间吹一个音符，即耳朵有时有耳鸣现象。故推测划线单词应该是“耳鸣”的意思。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，此段主要给出了使用耳机的建议。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据“How can we protect our ears? We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，本文主要讲了为了保护我们的耳朵，使用耳机时最好把音量调小。故选B。 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点。 5．细节理解题。根据“They sleep with one eye open to stay safe.”可知，海豚睡觉时睁着一只眼睛是为了保证安全。故选A。 6．细节理解题。根据“They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs.”可知，海豚是温血动物。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据“They use different sounds to talk to each other.”可知，海豚通过使用不同的声音互相交谈。故选B。 8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点，故推测这篇文章可能选自杂志的自然界版块。故选C。 9．A 10．B 11．B 12．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了电影《热辣滚烫》，并介绍了贾玲为这部电影所付出的努力。 9．词义猜测题。根据“When the movie came out, it got surprise hit and was loved by the young people who need courage to make a change to their own life”可知当这部电影上映时，它是令人意想不到的成功，并受到了那些需要勇气来改变自己生活的年轻人的喜爱，故此处划线部分意为“成功”。故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据“When the movie came out, it got surprise hit and was loved by the young people who need courage to make a change to their own life”可知很多年轻人喜爱这部电影，因为它给了他们改变自己生活的勇气。故选B。 11．细节理解题。根据“Ja Ling was very serious about her character and she tried to make this character close to real life. In order to act well, she needed to put on weight to be very fat and then do sports to be very strong in a short time.”可知贾玲对自己的角色非常认真，她试图让这个角色接近现实生活，为了表现得好，她需要增加体重，使其非常胖，然后在短时间内进行运动，使其变得非常强壮，故②③排前两位，排除AC。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“the most important thing in life is not whether you can reach your goal but whether you have made the greatest efforts.”可知生命中最重要的不是你是否能达到目标，而是你是否付出了最大的努力。故选C。 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了海豚和人类在某些方面非常相似。 13．细节理解题。根据“The name is a special whistle”可知海豚的“名字”是一种特殊的哨声。故选C。 14．词义猜测题。根据“They live in groups called pods, and they often join others from different pods to play games and have fun”可知它们生活在被称为pod的群体中，经常和其他海豚一起玩游戏，像人一样玩得很开心，故此处others指代“其他海豚”。故选A。 15．推理判断题。根据“When there are fish near a boat, dolphins signal (发信号) to the fishermen to put their nets in the water. Using this method, the men can catch a lot of fish.”可知当船附近有鱼时，海豚向渔民发出信号，让他们把网放进水里，用这种方法，这些人可以捕到很多鱼，所以海豚通过使用它们的肢体语言帮助渔民捕鱼。故选B。 16．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了海豚和人类在某些方面非常相似。故选C。 17．A 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了日本开始向海洋倾倒核污染水的事实及后果。 17．细节理解题。根据“It plans to keep pouring it slowly at least from 2023 to 2053.”可知，日本打算持续向海中排放核污染水至少30年。故选A。 18．细节理解题。根据“These elements give off a lot of radiation (辐射). This can give people cancer (癌症) and even change our DNA.”可知，这些元素发出大量的辐射，这会让人患上癌症，甚至改变我们的DNA。故选A。 19．细节理解题。根据“China has stopped importing (进口) seafood from Japan. Also, it is checking the radiation in the sea.”可知，中国已停止从日本进口海鲜，此外还在检查海洋中的辐射。故选C。 20．词句猜测题。分析“Is there a safe way to deal with nuclear water? Finland (芬兰) puts it under the ground. It is now building Onkalo a big storage (存储) area for nuclear (核能的) waste. Onkalo is 450 meters deep under the ground. Finland may start using it in about two years. However, Japan chose a low-priced but irresponsible way.”可知，本段对比芬兰和日本采取的不同措施处理核水，但是日本选择的是不负责任的行为。故选B。 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国东北著名的旅游城市“冰城”哈尔滨。 21．细节理解题。根据“People call it ‘Ice City’.”可知，人们称哈尔滨为“冰城”。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据“The festival usually begins in January.”可知，哈尔滨的冰雪节于每年的一月份开始。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“They can see many fantastic ice and snow sculptures (雕塑). They can go skating and skiing, too.”可知，在冰雪节上，人们可以欣赏冰雕和雪雕还可以滑冰和滑雪。故选C。 24．细节理解题。根据“This is because of the orange down jackets (羽绒服) they wore.”可知，人们称他们“小砂糖橘”，是因为他们穿橘色羽绒服。故选C。 25．C 26．C 27．B 28．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了挪威科学家发明的一种水下机器人，它能发现海底各种污染并帮助清理团队定位最有害的垃圾，从而改善水下环境。 25．细节理解题。根据“Scientists in Norway (挪威) have created an underwater robot that can tell different kinds of pollution at the bottom of the sea. ”可知，水下机器人可以分辨海底不同种类的污染，故选C。 26．细节理解题。根据“collecting information with the special camera”可知，用特殊的相机收集信息，故选C。 27．主旨大意题。根据“There’s somewhere around 165 to 300 tons of rubbish in the lake”可知，湖中大约有165到300吨垃圾，阐述垃圾很多，凸显了这种机器人的重要性，故选B。 28．推理判断题。根据“Besides helping to check the pollution, the robot can also tell the positions (位置) of animals in the sea. It can avoid hurting the animals while the clean-up teams remove the rubbish.”可知，除了帮助检查污染，机器人还可以告诉海洋中动物的位置。当清洁队清理垃圾时，它可以避免伤害动物，接下来讲述的话题可能与“如何告诉动物位置”有关，故选B。 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了反霸凌日及如何对抗霸凌。 29．细节理解题。根据“In the UK, Anti-Bullying Week takes place every November”可知，在英国，反欺凌周每年11月举行。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据“When someone uses their power to hurt another person on purpose, especially more than once, that’s bullying.”可知，当一个人利用自己的力量故意伤害另一个人，尤其是不止一次，这就是欺凌，所以“反复故意推别人”是一种欺凌。故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据“If you see someone else being bullied...Tell a trusted adult about the bullying.”可知，如果我们看见有人被霸凌，我们应该告诉一个可信赖的成年人。故选B。 32．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了反霸凌日及如何对抗霸凌，以选项C“反霸凌日：提高认识并采取行动”为标题最合适。故选C。 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了最近中小学的学生被要求每周至少上一课时的实践活动课，分享了学生们对此的看法以及他们所得到的收获。 33．细节理解题。根据文中“Primary and middle school students are required to take ‘Practical Life Skills’ course for at least one class hour—about 45 minutes every week.”可知，中小学生被要求每周至少上一课时的“实用生活技能”课程，约45分钟，故选A。 34．细节理解题。根据文中“Guquan from No. 1 Middle School, used to be a lazy boy. In his own words, he hardly ever did any housework.”可知，古泉以前几乎从不做任何家务，故选B。 35．细节理解题。根据文中“At the same time, she also learned how tired her mother could get after doing housework every day. On Mother’s Day, she made a cake for her mother to show her thanks. ‘I’ve begun to better understand my parents and want to help them more,’ she said.”可知，黄益熙从这门课中学到了如何理解和帮助她的妈妈，故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据“Students had to complete many tasks including cooking and setting the table. They showed their skills and told everyone that they were growing up.”及古泉和黄益熙的例子可知，这门课是有用且有教育意义，故选C。 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．C 【导语】本文主要阐述了参加志愿者活动的好处，以及如何帮助人们消除对参加此活动的顾虑，并鼓励人们参加志愿者活动。 37．细节理解题。根据“You see how little things can change a person's life for the better, which makes everyone a better person”可知，志愿服务可以帮助人们过上更好的生活。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据“Not having enough time also stops some from sharing their abilities”可知，阻止人们迈出志愿者的第一步是他们没有足够时间。故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据“Work with a experienced volunteer.”可知，可以与经验丰富的志愿者一起工作。故选C。 40．篇章结构题。文章第一段总的介绍做志愿工作可以对世界产生真正的影响；第二到八段主要介绍了成为志愿者的顾虑以及如何解决的建议；最后一段发出倡议，所以文章结构为①/②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧/⑨。故选C。 41．B 42．C 43．C 44．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了睡眠周期以及一款睡眠计算器产品，它可以根据起床时间计算合适的入睡时间。 41．细节理解题。根据“It’s because we’re talking about the world of sleep cycles ( 周期 ) in light of World Sleep Day which was celebrated on March 21st.”可知，因为本文主要关于睡眠周期，所以会让你想要打哈欠。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据“Each cycle has four stages.”可知，每个睡眠周期有四个阶段。故选C。 43．推理判断题。根据“It’s important to remember that you shouldn’t just start your sleep cycle whenever you want.”可知，你不应该随心所欲地开始你的睡眠周期，而应该跟随你的生物钟好好睡觉。故选C。 44．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要关于睡眠周期，与科学相关。故选B。 45．B 46．B 47．C 48．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了澳门的美丽。 45．细节理解题。根据“If you come to Macao, you mustn’t miss an experience of the morning tea. People enjoy tea and dim sum (点心) in a slow manner.”可知，很享受早茶，也就是说早餐让人们感到放松。故选B。 46．细节理解题。根据“One of the earliest tea houses in Macao—Longhua Tea House, is famous for its old-fashioned fans, windows, and Chinese watercolor works on the internet.”可知，因为它的老式风格。故选B。 47．细节理解题。根据“The remains, now known as the Ruins of St. Paul’s, have become a symbol of Macao and a must-see not to be missed by any visitor to the city.”可知，这些遗迹现在被称为圣保罗废墟，已成为澳门的象征，也是澳门游客不容错过的必看景点。故选C。 48．最佳标题题。根据“We will help you discover the city’s beauty.”及通读全文可知，本文围绕“澳门的美”展开描述。故选A。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$