专题03 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）高考真题+1年模拟英语分类汇编（北京专用）

【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语 真题分类汇编（北京专用）原卷版 专题03 时态、语态和主谓一致 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 时态、语态和主谓一致的 用法 （5年13考） 2024：___13___ (give)：gives; ___15___ (name)：was named; ___20___ (jog):jogged 时态： 1．一般现在时的意义和构成； 2．现在完成时的意义和构成； 3．一般过去时的意义和构成； 4．过去进行时的意义和构成； 5. 过去完成时的意义和构成； 6. 将来进行时的意义和构成。 被动语态： 1.一般现在时的被动语态； 2.一般过去时的被动语态； 3. 现在完成时的被动语态。 2023： 11 (throw): threw; 13 (arrive):had arrived; 16 (establish): has established 2022：____13____ (catch):caught; ___16____ (have):has; ___20____ (increase):has increased 2021：___13____ (connect):connects; ____17____(be):has been 2020：___1___(play):plays/has played/is playing/has been playing; ___4___(throw) : are thrown; __9___（live）:lived/had lived/had been living 1.【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 3.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”4.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 5.【2023北京卷】I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 6.【2023北京卷】Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【2022年北京卷】Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 7.【2022年北京卷】Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 8.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 9.【2021年北京卷】As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream． 10.【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 11.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. 12.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 13【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Passage 01 【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】As a mother to three boys, I’m used to receiving my favorite soap as a gift for every occasion．It doesn’t require much effort, and my sons know that I love it．One day my son saw a magazine on my desk with Jane Goodall 14 the cover．I said, “She’s my favorite person.”The next Christmas, I was expecting my soap 15 my sons handed me an envelope．Inside was/a copy of National Geographic signed by Jane Goodall．I 16 (move) to tears.I will always cherish the magazine and thoughtfulness of my boys finding me the perfect gift． Passage 02 【2024年北京市东城区高三一模】In early November in 2023, a diver, swimming off the coast of Sardinia, 14 (notice) pieces of metal on the ocean floor. He called the authorities and more divers were sent to look. The pieces turned out to be ancient Roman coins. The coins mostly lay 15 (bury) in sand and seagrass not far from the coast. It is said that more than 30, 000 coins have been found, 16 are close to 2, 000 years old. Experts call this a major historical discovery. Passage 03 【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】The dragon, a famous beast born from fantasy, 17 (exercise) a hold on people’s imagination over centuries. In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields 18 (ensure) rich harvests. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes 19 dragon patterns. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, 20 (proud) referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. Passage 04 【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】Harbin, 14 (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. An increasing number of tourists rushed to the “Ice City of China” to experience the best of ice and snow culture. Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more 15 (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. The city’s individual attractions make 16 a must-see spot no matter the weather. Passage 05 【2024年清华大学附属附中高三三模】Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. Passage 06 【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, 11 theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It carried out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books 12 (display)in the exhibition were philosophical and  artistic, which 13 (close) met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and finest Chinese publications 14 local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era. ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语 真题分类汇编（北京专用）解析版 专题03 时态、语态和主谓一致 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 时态、语态和主谓一致的 用法 （5年13考） 2024：___13___ (give)：gives; ___15___ (name)：was named; ___20___ (jog):jogged 时态： 1．一般现在时的意义和构成； 2．现在完成时的意义和构成； 3．一般过去时的意义和构成； 4．过去进行时的意义和构成； 5. 过去完成时的意义和构成； 6. 将来进行时的意义和构成。 被动语态： 1.一般现在时的被动语态； 2.一般过去时的被动语态； 3. 现在完成时的被动语态。 2023： 11 (throw): threw; 13 (arrive):had arrived; 16 (establish): has established 2022：____13____ (catch):caught; ___16____ (have):has; ___20____ (increase):has increased 2021：___13____ (connect):connects; ____17____(be):has been 2020：___1___(play):plays/has played/is playing/has been playing; ___4___(throw) : are thrown; __9___（live）:lived/had lived/had been living 1.【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【13题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【15题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 3.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【20题详解】 考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 4.【2023北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 11 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. 11． 【答案】threw 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 12． 1【答案】exactly 【解析】考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time，应用副词exactly，作状语。故填exactly。 5.【2023北京卷】I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【答案】had arrived 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。 6.【2023北京卷】Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 13． 【答案】has established 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 【2022年北京卷】Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 13.【答案】 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。 7.【2022年北京卷】Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 16. 【答案】has 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 8.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】has increased 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 9.【2021年北京卷】As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream． 【13题详解】 考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。 10.【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 11.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1___(play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try," he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态，也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态，所以可以用现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。 12.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. 【9题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。 13【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. 【4题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。 【5题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。 Passage 01 【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】As a mother to three boys, I’m used to receiving my favorite soap as a gift for every occasion．It doesn’t require much effort, and my sons know that I love it．One day my son saw a magazine on my desk with Jane Goodall 14 the cover．I said, “She’s my favorite person.”The next Christmas, I was expecting my soap 15 my sons handed me an envelope．Inside was/a copy of National Geographic signed by Jane Goodall．I 16 (move) to tears.I will always cherish the magazine and thoughtfulness of my boys finding me the perfect gift． 【答案】14．on 15．when 16．was moved 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位母亲收到了儿子送给她的特别礼物——一本由简·古道尔签名的《国家地理》杂志，她非常感动并会永远珍惜这个礼物。 14．考查介词。句意：一天，我儿子看到一本我桌上的杂志，封面上是简·古道尔。on the cover 为固定搭配，意为“在封面上”。故填on。 15．考查连词。句意：第二个圣诞节，我正期待着我的肥皂，这时我的儿子递给我一个信封。此处为“be doing...when...”结构，表示“正在做某事，这时……”。故填when。 16．考查时态和语态。句意：我感动得流下了眼泪。根据上下文可知，陈述过去事情，应用一般过去时；I和move之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was moved。 Passage 02 【2024年北京市东城区高三一模】In early November in 2023, a diver, swimming off the coast of Sardinia, 14 (notice) pieces of metal on the ocean floor. He called the authorities and more divers were sent to look. The pieces turned out to be ancient Roman coins. The coins mostly lay 15 (bury) in sand and seagrass not far from the coast. It is said that more than 30, 000 coins have been found, 16 are close to 2, 000 years old. Experts call this a major historical discovery. 【答案】14．noticed 15．buried 16．which 【导语】这是一则新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时发现了数量巨大的古代硬币。 14．考查时态。句意：2023年11月初，一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时，注意到海底有金属碎片。根据句中的“in early November in 2023”可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填noticed。 15．考查形容词。句意：这些硬币大多埋在离海岸不远的沙子和海草里。句中lie是系动词，需后接形容词作表语，需要的词义为“被掩埋的”，故填buried。 16．考查定语从句。句意：据说已经发现了3万多枚硬币，都有近2000年的历史。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词coins指物并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 Passage 03 【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】The dragon, a famous beast born from fantasy, 17 (exercise) a hold on people’s imagination over centuries. In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields 18 (ensure) rich harvests. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes 19 dragon patterns. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, 20 (proud) referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. 【答案】17．has exercised/has been exercising 18．to ensure 19．with 20．proudly 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统文化中龙的象征意义及其在历史中的地位。 17．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：龙，一种从幻想中诞生的著名猛兽，几个世纪以来一直占据着人们的想象力。分析句子可知，exercise(运用，行使)是句中谓语动词，与主语The dragon(龙)之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语over centuries，描述从过去持续到现在的行为，用现在完成时态，也可用现在完成进行时强调行为的持续，又因主语是单数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。故填has exercised/has been exercising。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们可以引起天气变化，给田地带来降雨，确保丰收。“(ensure) rich harvests”是“bring rainfall to the fields”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。 19．考查介词。句意：因此，为了象征他们的权力，中国古代皇帝用龙的图案装饰他们的衣服。decorate...with...是固定搭配，意为“用……装饰……”。故填with。 20．考查副词。句意：许多中国人将龙视为国家的象征，自豪地称自己为“龙的传人”。提示词修饰动词referring，用副词proudly作状语，意为“自豪地”。故填proudly。 Passage 04 【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】Harbin, 14 (know) for its ice and snow festivals, became very popular last winter. An increasing number of tourists rushed to the “Ice City of China” to experience the best of ice and snow culture. Besides the frosty delights, the city still has much more 15 (offer) all year around, including its traditional European-style architecture, unique cuisine and cultural events. The city’s individual attractions make 16 a must-see spot no matter the weather. 【答案】14．known 15．to offer 16．it 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，讲述了中国冰城——哈尔滨去年冬天变成了旅游胜地，它全年都有美丽的景色和美食，是值得参观的好地方。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：哈尔滨以冰雪节而闻名，去年冬天非常受欢迎。分析句子可知，became为谓语动词，空处用非谓语动词，Harbin与know为被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填known。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了寒冷的乐趣，这座城市全年还有更多的东西可以提供，包括传统的欧式建筑，独特的美食和文化活动。分析句子可知，空处修饰much more，用不定式作后置定语。故填to offer。 16．考查代词。句意：无论天气如何，这座城市独特的景点都是必去的景点。分析句子可知，make“使得”的宾语表示“哈尔滨”这所城市，用it指代，a must-see spot作宾补。故填it。 Passage 05 【2024年清华大学附属附中高三三模】Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. 【答案】11．were damaged 12．to collect 13．more interesting 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿的鞋被划伤，但经过鞋店的特殊处理后，看起来比以前更有趣了。 11．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不久前，我女儿的鞋子被刀弄坏了。分析句子可知，damage(损坏)是句中谓语动词，与主语shoes之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Not long ago，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语shoes是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were damaged。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：两天后，我下班过来取鞋。根据句意，“取鞋”是“过来”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to collect。 13．考查形容词比较级。句意：它的样子比以往任何时候都更有趣。根据句意和空格后介词than可知，应使用形容词比较级more interesting作表语，表示“更有趣”。故填more interesting。 Passage 06 【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, 11 theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It carried out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books 12 (display)in the exhibition were philosophical and  artistic, which 13 (close) met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and finest Chinese publications 14 local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era. 【答案】11．whose 12．displayed 13．closely 14．to 【导语】本文是新闻报道。介绍今年1月24日，以“阅读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书春节联展在全球85家书店举行。 11．考查定语从句。句意：今年1月24日，以“阅读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书春节联展在全球85家书店举行。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books，在从句中作定语，应该用whose引导。故填whose。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：展览中展出的书籍具有哲学性和艺术性，非常符合海外读者的需求。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词were，所以display用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是books，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词作后置定语。故填displayed。 13．考查副词。句意：展览中展出的书籍具有哲学性和艺术性，非常符合海外读者的需求。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词met ，应该用副词修饰，close的副词形式是closely。故填closely。 14．考查介词。句意：总的来说，今年的书展向当地读者展示了最新、最好的中国出版物，让他们更好地了解新时代的中国。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：present sth. to sb.意为“把某物展现给某人”。故填to。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$