专题01 冠词、名词等-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）高考1年模拟英语真题分类汇编（北京专用）

【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语 真题分类汇编（北京专用）原卷版 专题01 名词、介词等 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 名词的用法 （5年4考） 2024：boundaries; ___12___ (self-aware): self-awareness 1．考查名词的数； 2．名词的功能和构成； 2023：cities 2022： / 2021：ideas 2020：countries 介词的用法（5年5考） 2024：to 1. 考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配； 2. 介词(短语)的正确运用以及与形容词或动词搭配 。 2023：to 2022：in 2021：on 2020：into/to 代词的用法（5年1考） 2022：themselves 1. 代词的主格和宾格形式； 2. 形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词； 反身代词。 1.【2024北京卷】 To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 2.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 3.【2023北京卷】Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 15 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. 4.【2021年北京卷】Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea)． 5.【2020年北京卷】Over time, the bags fall apart___6___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 6.【2024北京卷】One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought ___18___ myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” 7.【2023北京卷】Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 17 global water issues. 8.【2022年北京卷】Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. 9.【2022年北京卷】Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. 10.【2021年北京卷】Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself． Passage 01 （2024·北京海淀·二模）Many of our actions are initiated by emotion. Challenging situations will arise in our lives and 11 we handle these situations is a mark of how mature and independent we are. Keeping our emotions 12 dominating our lives is essential because stable emotion brings a sense of contentment and calm. Luckily, there are many 13 (help) techniques to control our emotions, such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises. Passage 02 （2024·北京昌平·二模）Released on Aug 30, 2023, a three-episode web series 14 (title) Escape From the British Museum has become popular online for its touching and innovative story. The series follows the journey home of a Chinese jade teapot that has come to life as a girl. She runs away from the British Museum and comes across a Chinese journalist 15 helps the artifact (文物) return to China. The series aims to raise broader awareness of Chinese artifacts that 16   (keep) abroad. Passage 03 （2024·北京东城·二模）When Lauren Schroeder, a high school student, 17 (show) up to a community food drive last year, she saw what people there got — just a lot of 18 (can) goods. She decided to become the change she wanted to see. Schroeder grew 7,000 pounds of produce and gave it all away to food banks. Her work drew the attention of Future Farmers of America, which gave her some money for 19 (supply) and seeds. Her goal is 20 (donate) 20,000 pounds of vegetables by the time she graduates. Passage 04 （2024·北京朝阳·二模）It can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during 11 (stress) periods of life. A bit of optimism makes you become better and emotionally 12 (healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things 13 (happen). But being optimistic doesn’t mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s not. It is a particular state of mind 14 you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. Passage 05 ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools 17 (ban) it since its birth. They need time to make rules about 18 it’s to be used properly in class. Some teachers see it as a 19 (cheat) tool. But many principals believe it’s too late to keep AI out of classrooms. A growing number of 20 (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One of them says, “ChatGPT is to English and to writing what the calculator is to math.” Passage 06 【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】Humankind’s growing need for food is running up against thousands of other species’ need for space. By 2050, humans may need to clear an additional 3.35 million square 11 (kilometer) of land for agriculture. 12 (transform) these largely natural habitats would squeeze more than 17,000 vertebrate species from some of their lands. But changing how and where food 13 (grow) can minimize the impacts. “We can feed the planet without messing it up too badly,” says conservation scientist David Williams. ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语 真题分类汇编（北京专用）解析版 专题01 名词、介词等 考点 五年考情（2020-2024） 命题趋势 名词的用法 （5年4考） 2024：boundaries; ___12___ (self-aware): self-awareness 1．考查名词的数； 2．名词的功能和构成； 2023：cities 2022： / 2021：ideas 2020：countries 介词的用法（5年5考） 2024：to 1. 考查介词的基本用法和固定搭配； 2. 介词(短语)的正确运用以及与形容词或动词搭配 。 2023：to 2022：in 2021：on 2020：into/to 代词的用法（5年1考） 2022：themselves 1. 代词的主格和宾格形式； 2. 形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词； 反身代词。 1.【2024北京卷】 To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 【14题详解】 考场名词的数。句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词，表示“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处表示不止一个界限，名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。 2.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 考查名词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词self-awareness，sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 3.【2023北京卷】Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 15 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. 11． 【答案】cities 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。 4.【2021年北京卷】Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea)． 【11题详解】 考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。 5.【2020年北京卷】Over time, the bags fall apart___6___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 【6题详解】 考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。 【7题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。 6.【2024北京卷】One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought ___18___ myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：我心想，“他为什么要把所有的书都拿着？”think to oneself为固定搭配，表示“心想，暗想”，符合语境。故填to。 7.【2023北京卷】Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 17 global water issues. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短语为call attention to。故填to。 8.【2022年北京卷】Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. 11.【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”，固定搭配。故in。 9.【2022年北京卷】Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. 【答案】themselves 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 10.【2021年北京卷】Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself． 【14题详解】on 考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。 Passage 01 （2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Many of our actions are initiated by emotion. Challenging situations will arise in our lives and 11 we handle these situations is a mark of how mature and independent we are. Keeping our emotions 12 dominating our lives is essential because stable emotion brings a sense of contentment and calm. Luckily, there are many 13 (help) techniques to control our emotions, such as meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises. 【答案】11．how 12．from 13．helpful 【导语】本文的体裁为说明文。作者介绍了控制情绪的重要性以及几种实用的方法。 11．考查连词。 句意：在我们的生活中会出现挑战性的情况，我们如何处理这些情况标志着我们的成熟和独立程度。本空用连接词how“如何”，引导主语语从句，表示方式，说明处理问题的方式。故填how。 12．考查固定短语。 句意：控制情绪不被其主宰我们的生活至关重要，因为稳定的情绪能带来满足感和平静。本空填介词from，keep...from...“阻止……做……，使……免于……”为固定短语。故填from。 13．考查形容词。 句意：幸运的是，有许多有用的技巧来控制我们的情绪，比如冥想、瑜伽和呼吸练习。本空用形容词helpful“有帮助的”，修饰名词techniques，作定语。故填helpful。 Passage 02 （2024·北京昌平·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。 Released on Aug 30, 2023, a three-episode web series 14 (title) Escape From the British Museum has become popular online for its touching and innovative story. The series follows the journey home of a Chinese jade teapot that has come to life as a girl. She runs away from the British Museum and comes across a Chinese journalist 15 helps the artifact (文物) return to China. The series aims to raise broader awareness of Chinese artifacts that 16   (keep) abroad. 【答案】14．titled 15．who 16．are kept 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了2023年8月30日发布的网络剧《逃离大英博物馆》。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年8月30日上映的一部三集网络剧《逃离大英博物馆》因其感人和创新的故事情节而在网络上广受欢迎。“(title) Escape From the British Museum”作后置定语，title(加标题，定题目)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a three-episode web series之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填titled。 15．考查定语从句。句意：她逃离了大英博物馆，遇到了一位中国记者，他帮助文物回到了中国。空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a Chinese journalist，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 16．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该系列旨在提高人们对保存在国外的中国文物的认识。keep(保存)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语that(即先行词Chinese artifacts)之间是被动关系，描述现在的状态，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，复数形式。故填are kept。 Passage 03 （2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When Lauren Schroeder, a high school student, 17 (show) up to a community food drive last year, she saw what people there got — just a lot of 18 (can) goods. She decided to become the change she wanted to see. Schroeder grew 7,000 pounds of produce and gave it all away to food banks. Her work drew the attention of Future Farmers of America, which gave her some money for 19 (supply) and seeds. Her goal is 20 (donate) 20,000 pounds of vegetables by the time she graduates. 【答案】17．showed 18．canned 19．supplies 20．to donate 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要说明了高中生劳伦·施罗德种植了7000磅农产品，并全部捐给了食品银行。她的工作引起了美国未来农民组织的注意，该组织给了她一些钱来购买物资和种子。她的目标是在毕业前捐出2万磅蔬菜。 17．考查时态。句意：去年，高中生劳伦·施罗德参加了一个社区食品募捐活动，她看到那里的人们有很多罐头食品。根据后文saw可知为一般过去时。故填showed。 18．考查形容词。句意：去年，高中生劳伦·施罗德参加了一个社区食品募捐活动，她看到那里的人们有很多罐头食品。修饰名词goods应用形容词canned，表示“罐头的”。故填canned。 19．考查名词的数。句意：她的工作引起了美国未来农民组织的注意，该组织给了她一些钱来购买物资和种子。根据后文and seeds可知应用复数，作介词的宾语。故填supplies。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的目标是在毕业前捐出2万磅蔬菜。说明主语的内容，应用不定式作表语。故填to donate。 Passage 04 （2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be hard not to let negativity go into your day, especially during 11 (stress) periods of life. A bit of optimism makes you become better and emotionally 12 (healthy) in the long term. An optimistic person is always looking for the best in any situation and expecting that good things 13 (happen). But being optimistic doesn’t mean you go into denial and pretend everything is fine when it’s not. It is a particular state of mind 14 you hope for the best but prepare for the worst. 【答案】11．stressful 12．healthier 13．will happen 14．where 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。但乐观并不意味着你要否认一切，假装一切都很好，但事实并非如此。这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。 11．考查形容词。句意：不让消极情绪进入你的生活是很难的，尤其是在生活压力很大的时候。修饰名词periods应用形容词stressful。故填stressful。 12．考查比较级。句意：从长远来看，一点点乐观会让你变得更好，情绪更健康。根据上文“become better”可知为比较关系，应用比较级。故填healthier。 13．考查时态。句意：一个乐观的人总是在任何情况下寻找最好的，并期待好事会发生。此处从句表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填will happen。 14．考查定语从句。句意：这是一种特殊的心态，你抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。定语从句修饰先行词state of mind，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。 Passage 05 ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools 17 (ban) it since its birth. They need time to make rules about 18 it’s to be used properly in class. Some teachers see it as a 19 (cheat) tool. But many principals believe it’s too late to keep AI out of classrooms. A growing number of 20 (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One of them says, “ChatGPT is to English and to writing what the calculator is to math.” 【答案】17．have banned 18．how 19．cheating 20．educators 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一些学校禁止使用ChatGPT，但许多教育工作者认为人工智能在教育中是很重要的。 17．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据句中的“since its birth”可知，谓语动词ban使用现在完成时，主语“some schools”为复数意义，谓语复数形式，故填have banned。 18．考查宾语从句。句意：他们需要时间来制定规则，规定如何在课堂上正确使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，表示“如何”，因此使用连接副词how引导宾语从句，故填how。 19．考查动名词。句意：一些老师认为这是一种作弊工具。动名词形式作定语修饰名词tool，用来表示该名词的用途、目的或场合，cheating修饰tool，意为“用来作弊的工具”，故填cheating。 20．考查名词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义为“教育工作者”，即educator，它是可数名词，前有“a growing number of ”修饰，则educator需要变复数形式，故填educators。 Passage 06 【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】Humankind’s growing need for food is running up against thousands of other species’ need for space. By 2050, humans may need to clear an additional 3.35 million square 11 (kilometer) of land for agriculture. 12 (transform) these largely natural habitats would squeeze more than 17,000 vertebrate species from some of their lands. But changing how and where food 13 (grow) can minimize the impacts. “We can feed the planet without messing it up too badly,” says conservation scientist David Williams. 【答案】11．kilometers 12．Transforming/To transform 13．is grown 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类对食物日益增长的需求与成千上万的其他物种对空间的需求发生了冲突。 11．考查名词的复数。句意：到2050年，人类可能需要额外清理335万平方公里的农业用地。由3.35 million可知，可数名词kilometer用复数形式，故填kilometers。 12．考查动名词和不定式。句意：改变这些主要是自然栖息地，将从它们的一些土地上挤出超过17000种脊椎动物。空格处用动名词和不定式作主语，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填Transforming/To transform。 13．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：但改变食物的种植方式和地点可以将影响降到最低。从句主语food和谓语动词grow是被动关系，食物是被种植，句子描述客观事实，因此空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语food是不可数名词，因此空格处是is grown。故填is grown。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$