专题12 阅读理解七选五-【好题汇编】5年（2020-2024）高考真题+1年模拟英语分类汇编（北京专用）

【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语 真题分类汇编（北京专用）解析版 专题12 阅读理解七选五 年份 体裁 词数 设题位置 主题语境 话题 段首 段中 段尾 2024 说明文 281+82 1 4 0 人与社会 “刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式 2023 说明文 255+83 1 2 2 人与自然 选择高校的建议 2022 说明文 225+81 1 4 0 人与自我 健康和健身 2021 说明文 275+102 2 3 0 人与社会 音乐对身体的好处 2020 说明文 282+84 1 3 1 人与自我 积极思考的各种益处 Passage 01 【2024北京卷】If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. ___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. 【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)” 可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 【36题详解】 根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 【37题详解】 根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面” 引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。 【38题详解】 根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。 【39题详解】 根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 Passage 02 【2023北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 35 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 36 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. 【答案】35．D 36．F 37．G 38．B 39．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。 35．根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。 36．根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。 37．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。 38．根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。 39．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。 Passage 03 【2022年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. 【答案】35. G 36. B 37. D 38. F 39. C 【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。 35.【解析】 根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。 36.【解析】 根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。 37.【解析】 根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。 38.【解析】 根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。 39.【解析】 根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。 Passage 04 【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． ____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． ____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep． E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． 【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。 【35题详解】 空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。 【36题详解】 空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。 【37题详解】 空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。 【38题详解】 空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。 【39题详解】 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。 Passage 05 【2020年北京卷】Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. ____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____ In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____50____ Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. G 50. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。 【46题详解】 根据上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。 【47题详解】 根据后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可对应到D选项中Positive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。 【48题详解】 根据后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。 【49题详解】 根据上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。 【50题详解】 根据上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 01 （2024·北京海淀·二模）Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. 35 The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power” . 36 For example, those working on complex research projects with “sluggish power” persist with focus and determination in the face of challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resources. Their resilience facilitates effective problem-solving, ensuring the successful completion of tasks despite obstacles. 37 That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go. Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset. 38 Additionally, detach from external influences. Avoid excessive concern over others’ opinions and speculation on others’ thoughts. Lastly, manage relationships. Recognize our personal responsibilities while respecting others’ boundaries. Don’t interfere with other people’s subjects and don’t let others interfere with ours either. 39 Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A．Learn to view the problem as two parts. B．That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C．I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. D．Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness. E．Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. F．It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward. G．Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment. 【答案】35．B 36．F 37．D 38．G 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先解释了敏感性的定义和可能带来的问题，然后转向讨论不敏感性的力量，并给出了实践不敏感性的策略。 35．由上文“Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. (敏感意味着你善于观察、细心和深思熟虑。这也可能意味着你有时会过度解释或过度反应感知到的批评或判断。如果你是一个高度敏感的人，你更有可能误读他人的信号，感觉到社会威胁，并努力适应新环境)”可知，这里需要一个总结如何应对高度敏感的句子。B选项“That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. (这就是麻木不仁的必要性的来源)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 36．由上文“The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power”.(不敏感的力量可以解释为“迟钝的力量”)”可知，上文提到了“迟钝的力量”，接下来应该解释这种力量具体意味着什么。F选项“It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward. (它意味着冷静面对挫折并坚定前行的能力)”恰当地解释了“迟钝力量”的正面含义，即在逆境中的韧性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 37．由下文“That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go. (这就是为什么不敏感能让一个人更好地在竞争环境中生存和适应的重要原因之一。认识自己是困难的，但正确地认识自己无疑是一种优秀的能力——这是许多成功人士共有的特点，他们都清楚地知道自己的长处在哪里，自己能做什么，自己想要什么，以及要走的方向)”可知，后文提及自我认知能力及成功人士的特点，此处应引出不敏感与自我意识之间的联系。D选项“Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness. (在不敏感的背后是一种强烈的自我意识)”指出不敏感实际上是基于对自我的深刻了解，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 38．由上文“Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset.(练习不敏感包括几个关键的策略。首先，要自信。积极自信地表达我们的需求和意见。第二，树立前瞻性思维)”可知，该空需要接续前文关于前瞻性思维策略的内容。G选项“Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment. (关注长期目标，而不是当下生活的起伏)”正好强调了如何实践前瞻性思维，即忽视短期波动，专注于长远规划，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 39．由下文“Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable (一旦你变得有点“生硬”，放慢节奏，你就会感觉更舒服)”可知，最后一段鼓励读者采纳不敏感的态度，并概述了这样做的好处。C选项“I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. (我希望每个人都能获得不敏感的能力)”作为总结性质的句子，鼓励大家学会不敏感，适合放在最后一段段首作为寄语，且能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。 Passage 02 （2024·北京东城·二模）Socrates, Galileo, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in common? They all practiced deliberate doubt and used it as a tool to improve their thinking and generate creative ideas. 35 It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived (先入为主的) notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities. 36 Doubt can, of course, be unsettling, but it can also result in a greater understanding of a subject and inspire fresh thoughts and insights. 37 But it doesn’t mean we should use it all the time. While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way. It’s important to keep in mind that deliberate doubt is not constant doubt. If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion. 38 We spend so much time doubting everything and end up not doing anything. 39 We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As a result, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks. To avoid these traps, it’s important to strike a balance between doubt and certainty, and to use doubt as a tool to stimulate creative thinking and exploration, rather than as a means of undermining ourselves or others. A．Deliberate doubt can also lead to a lack of confidence. B．But when we doubt, we’re forced to consider other perspectives. C．In this case, deliberate doubt can prevent us from making decisions. D．When practiced all the time, deliberate doubt can lead to a different belief. E．By turning doubt into a deliberate process, we open ourselves to new possibilities. F．Deliberate doubt is the practice of actively questioning our beliefs and assumptions. G．Deliberate doubt can help us to develop a more open-minded approach to the world. 【答案】35．F 36．B 37．G 38．C 39．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了刻意怀疑的积极作用和消极作用。 35．根据下文“It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived (先入为主的) notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives.”（它是关于暂停我们的确定性，放弃我们先入为主的观念，以探索新的想法和观点。）可知，下文是对上文“刻意怀疑”定义的具体解释。故F选项“刻意怀疑是积极质疑我们的信念和假设的行为。”切题。故选F项。 36．根据上文“When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities.”（当我们确定某事时，我们倾向于停止寻找其他解释或可能性）可知，选项与上文为转折关系且说明怀疑时的做法。故B选项“但当我们怀疑时，我们被迫考虑其他观点。”切题。故选B项。 37．根据下文“While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way.”（虽然刻意怀疑可以成为产生创造性想法和探索复杂问题的宝贵工具，但如果不以正确的方式进行怀疑，也可能适得其反。）可知，选项承接下文说明的是刻意怀疑的作用。故G选项“刻意怀疑可以帮助我们以更开放的态度看待世界。”切题。故选G项。 38．根据上文“If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion.”（如果我们一直怀疑自己的想法，我们就不太可能去追求它们，把它们完成。）可知，选项承接上文都在说明刻意怀疑的阻碍作用。故C选项“在这种情况下，刻意怀疑可以阻止我们做出决定。”切题。故选C项。 39．根据下文“We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As a result, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks.”（我们会变得自我批评，不确定自己的能力，这会损害我们的自尊。因此，我们可能太害怕尝试新事物或承担风险。）可知，本段在说刻意怀疑对自信产生不良的影响。故A选项“刻意的怀疑也会导致缺乏自信。”切题。故选A项。 Passage 03 【2024年人大附中高三三模】My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 35 In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 36 All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 37 Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. 38 The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. 39 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. 【答案】35．C 36．G 37．F 38．A 39．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。 35．根据上文“For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。 36．空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。 37．根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions. (“艾伦法则”是以Joel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。 38．根据下文“The team combined data from different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。 39．根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。 Passage 04 【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Public speaking and critical thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic (逻辑) — of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s argument and to avoid them in your own, it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking — the ability to see clearly their lationships among ideas. 35 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that, too, is critical thinking. 36 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical (机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arranging the ideas your already have. 37 What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 38 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 39 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class,You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece. A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. 【答案】35．D 36．E 37．A 38．F 39．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了辩证思考。在某种程度上，辩证思考是一种逻辑思维，即我们能通过分析别人的论点来驳倒他。同时，辩证思考还需要一些相关技能，如从观点中分析事实，评估证据的真实性。 35．根据上文“In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking — the ability to see clearly their lationships among ideas.(从广义上说，批判性思维是集中的、有组织的思维——清楚地看到想法之间的关系的能力)”可知，批判性思维是一种能够清楚地看到想法之间的关系的能力。由此可知，D选项“It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.(人们常说，世界几乎没有新想法，只有重新组织的想法)”能够承接上文，同时引出下文“The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that, too, is critical thinking. (最伟大的思想家、科学家和发明家常常把现成的信息以不同的方式组合在一起，从而产生新的想法。这也是批判性思维)”。其中的“reorganized ideas”与下文中的“taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas”相对应。故选D项。 36．空处位于段首，应是本段的主题句。根据下文“As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches.(例如随着课程的进行，你可能会花很长的时间组织你的演讲)”可知，此处讲到了课与演讲。由此可知，E选项“If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.(如果你想知道这和你的公开演讲课有什么关系，答案是相当有关系)”符合语境。其中class是关键词，speaking对应speeches。故选E项。 37．根据上文“Organizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging your ideas you already have. (组织演讲不仅仅是整理你已有的想法)”可知，空处与上文是转折关系，说明组织演讲的深层次意义。由此可知，A选项“Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.(相反，它是塑造思想本身的一个重要部分)”符合语境，其中的“it”指代上文的“Organizing a speech”。故选A项。 38．根据上文“What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking.(适合组织的很多方面也适合公众演讲)”可知，F选项“The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. (你在演讲课上学到的技巧可以从很多方面帮助你成为一个更有效的思考者)”能够承接上文，同时引出下文“As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accurately.(当你努力用清晰、准确的语言表达你的想法时，你会提高你清晰、准确地思考的能力)”。故选F。 39．根据上文“As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accurately.(当你努力用清晰、准确的语言表达你的想法时，你会提高你清晰、准确地思考的能力)”及下文“As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class, you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.(当你学会在课堂上批判性地听演讲时，你就能更好地评估演讲者在各种情况下的想法)”可知，G选项 “As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.(当你研究证据和推理在演讲中的作用时，你就会看到它们如何在其他形式的交流中使用)”能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 05 【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】In most adults, learning and thinking begin to decline as early as age 30. People start to perform slightly worse in tests of cognitive abilities such as the rate at which someone does a mental task. 35 These changes are often considered normal aging. But they may instead represent something more like the “summer slide” that some schoolchildren experience in academic progress during summer break. Recent research suggests that a pause of learning is indeed a problem causing cognitive reduction. 36 In a three-month intervention, the researchers provided an encouraging learning environment for 24 older adults. They took at least three classes to learn three new skills. They also discussed issues related to learning barriers and motivation. Over the course these participants’ cognitive scores for memory and flexibility significantly improved. In a follow-up study, the researchers discovered amazingly that they had improved further: 37 In other words, giving these seniors a multicourse routine seemed to bring up their abilities to levels similar to those of college students. The researchers are still investigating why cognitive scores continued to climb after the program’s end, but one possibility is that the experience encouraged these older participants to continue learning and practicing new skills. Older adults are often assumed to be on a downward slide with unrecoverable loss. “Use it or lose it,” the saying goes. 38 Decline, as we so often see it, may not be certain. That’s why we need to create enriched learning environments for adults after their formal education and job training end. 39 Educators know how to educate children and adolescents, and we can adapt that knowledge to develop learning opportunities for adults. Societies could also provide resources and paths toward lifelong learning to ensure that everyone can benefit. Let’s shift the conversation about adults from avoiding loss and decline to learning and growing. A．But this decline can be addressed. B．The slide becomes sharper in their mid-60s. C．Interrupted learning may not only affect children. D．The question now is how society can maximize adult’s chances to keep learning. E．Their cognitive abilities after one year were close to those of adults 50 years younger. F．Older adult research tends to emphasize skill learning only after daily functions start to decline. G．However, the research suggests they can increase both skills and cognitive abilities over a long term. 【答案】35．B 36．A 37．E 38．G 39．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了大多数成年人的学习能力和思维能力早在30岁时就开始衰退，年龄越大，衰退得越明显。而这一现象是可以解决的，文章通过实验证明了这一点，且表示社会应最大限度地增加成年人继续学习的机会。 35．前文“In most adults, learning and thinking begin to decline as early as age 30. People start to perform slightly worse in tests of cognitive abilities such as the rate at which someone does a mental task.(大多数成年人的学习能力和思维能力早在30岁时就开始衰退。人们开始在认知能力测试中表现得稍微差一些，比如某人完成一项脑力任务的速度)”表明成年人在30岁之后学习和思维能力就开始衰退，B选项“在他们60多岁的时候，下滑幅度会更大”同样表示年纪越大，能力衰退越大，符合本段提出的现象。其中slide与第一句中decline对应。故选B。 36．前文“Recent research suggests that a pause of learning is indeed a problem causing cognitive reduction.(最近的研究表明，学习暂停确实是导致认知能力下降的一个问题)”说明学习暂停会导致认知力下降，下一段“Over the course these participants’ cognitive scores for memory and flexibility significantly improved. In a follow-up study, the researchers discovered amazingly that they had improved further(在这个过程中，这些参与者在记忆力和灵活性方面的认知得分显著提高。在一项后续研究中，研究人员惊奇地发现，他们有了进一步的提高)”可知，这种认知力下降是可以解决的，A选项“但这种下降是可以解决的”与前文进行转折，与下文意思相符。故选A。 37．前文“Over the course these participants’ cognitive scores for memory and flexibility significantly improved. In a follow-up study, the researchers discovered amazingly that they had improved further:(在这个过程中，这些参与者在记忆力和灵活性方面的认知得分显著提高。在一项后续研究中，研究人员惊奇地发现，他们有了进一步的提高：)”可知，前文讲述研究发现参与者的记忆力和灵活性有所提高，后文“In other words, giving these seniors a multicourse routine seemed to bring up their abilities to levels similar to those of college students.(换句话说，给这些老年人上多门课程似乎能把他们的能力提升到与大学生相似的水平)”也讲述这些老年人能力的提高，因此推断E选项“一年后，他们的认知能力接近年轻50岁的成年人”与前后文内容相对应。故选E。 38．上文“Older adults are often assumed to be on a downward slide with unrecoverable loss.(老年人通常被认为是在走下坡路，失去了无法弥补的损失)”表示老年人被普遍认为认知在走下坡路，后文“Decline, as we so often see it, may not be certain. That’s why we need to create enriched learning environments for adults after their formal education and job training end.(正如我们经常看到的那样，衰退可能并不一定会发生。这就是为什么我们需要为成年人在正规教育和职业培训结束后创造丰富的学习环境)”可知， 这种衰退不是一定会发生的，G选项“然而，研究表明，从长远来看，他们可以提高技能和认知能力”中they指代前文提到的老年人，与前文进行转折，引出下文衰退可以避免，他们可以提高技能和认知。故选G。 39．后文“Educators know how to educate children and adolescents, and we can adapt that knowledge to develop learning opportunities for adults.(教育工作者知道如何教育儿童和青少年，我们可以利用这些知识为成年人提供学习机会)”及下文“Let’s shift the conversation about adults from avoiding loss and decline to learning and growing.(让我们把成年人的话题从避免失去和衰退转移到学习和成长上来)”可知，本段重点在于提高成年人的学习和成长，D选项“现在的问题是，社会如何才能最大限度地增加成年人继续学习的机会”符合本段主旨。故选D。 Passage 06 【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】The beginning of the Year of the Dragon has foreshadowed a “Song of Ice and Fire” with the emergence of Sora, a text-to-video AI model. Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles. 35 However, film insiders noted that currently, AI-generated 60-second videos cannot support the creation of a full-length movie, and the idea that AI tools will “bomb” the film and television industry is so far unfounded. Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television industry. 36 From the age of film stock to the digital age, from practical effects to digital effects, from 2D to 3D, Sora, like any technological revolution in the century-long history of film, will improve production efficiency, update production and may even create new genres and trends in filmmaking. 37 Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination. Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced. 38 Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora. 39 However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought. A．With OpenAI’s iteration speed, producing AI videos dozens of minutes long is not far off. B．It is also likely to be incorporated into film and television education and training in the future. C．Film and television are closely linked to technological advancements, which stimulate creativity. D．Sora will undoubtedly prompt changes in existing industrial production and may even replace some jobs. E．Sora is undoubtedly “more of an opportunity than a challenge” for the global film and television industry. F．Creativity and film production requires the integration of emotional experiences and individual memories. G．This implies that with just a text description, ordinary people using Sora may be able to become “great directors”. 【答案】35．G 36．E 37．B 38．F 39．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了工智能模型Sora对电影产业的影响，但专家表示Sora不会取代人类。 35．根据上文“Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles.”（Sora生成的视频在人物和背景方面显示出强大的一致性，并支持长达60秒的连续拍摄，包括高度详细的设置和多个相机角度。）可知，选项承接上文说明使用Sora的意义。故G选项“这意味着，只要一个文本描述，使用Sora的普通人就可能成为“伟大的导演”。故选G项。 36．根据上文“Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television industry.”（与此同时，专家表示不必过度担心，因为人工智能的整合将有助于优化某些职业，吸引更多创新人才，并为影视行业带来新的可能性）可知，选项承接上文说明Sora给影视业带来了机会大于挑战。故E选项“对于全球影视业来说，Sora无疑‘与其说是挑战，不如说是机遇’”切题。故选E项。 37．根据下文“Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination.”（学习电影制作的学生可以将Sora视为一个有用的助手，以释放他们的科幻想象力。）可知，Sora可能会被应用于影视教育和培训，成为学生一个有用的助手。故B选项“ 它也有可能在未来被纳入影视教育和培训”切题。故选B项。 38．根据上文“Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced.”（面对人工智能工具将威胁全球电影产业的恐慌信号，电影业内人士辩称，电影的基本DNA是艺术，人类的创造力是不可替代的）和下文“Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora.”（许多导演、编剧和演员通过不断融合个人情感和生活经历来创作伟大的作品。这种个人创造力是Sora这样的机器无法模仿的）可知，选项承接上文说明人类的创造力是不可替代的原因且要引出个人情感和生活经历对伟大作品创作的重要性。故F选项“创意和电影制作需要情感体验和个人记忆的整合”切题。故选F项。 39．根据下文“However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought.”（然而，正如印刷术的发明没有取代文学，摄影术的发明也没有取代绘画一样，Sora及其后续的更新和升级也不会取代电影，因为这些艺术形式的核心是创造力，这是人类思想的一个独特方面。）可知Sora不会取代电影、让人失去岗位，下文与选项为转折关系说明毫无疑问，Sora肯能促使变化，取代某些岗位。故D选项“Sora将促使现有工业生产发生变化，甚至可能取代一些工作岗位”切题。故选D项。 Passage 07 【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】Do you want to be a cognitive superager when you are old? Just as you take steps towards a future-proofing body, you can enhance your brain’s resilience to age-related disease by boosting cognitive reserve. Andrew Sommerlad, an associate professor of psychiatry, discovers the power of cognitive reserve in studies of older people who show signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) in their brains. 35 Actually, three years ago, colleagues of Sommerlad had also published findings from Study of Ageing. They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia. 36 The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older. How do you improve it? The younger you implement things that will bolster it, the better. For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking. 37 So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important. This can help you balance the periods of mental demand and relaxation. 38 ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens. Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence. 39 A．Its effects are wide reaching. B．Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns. C．So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged! D．There are ways you can improve sleep, for both young and old people. E．It suggests that developing a good cognitive reserve can be powerfully protective. F．However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve. G．They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive reserve. 【答案】35．G 36．A 37．F 38．B 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是我们可以过增强认知储备来增强大脑对与年龄有关的疾病的抵御能力。 35．根据空后的“They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.(他们发现，认知储备水平越高，痴呆症的发病率就越低)”可知，研究人员发现认知储备水平越高，痴呆症的发病率就越低。选项G“They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive (他们的认知能力越强，就能更好地应对病理性变化)”与下文内容保持一致，指的是当有阿尔茨海默氏症迹象的老年人认知能力越强，就能更好地应对病理性变化。故选G。 36．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.(强大的认知储备有助于延缓大脑变化的症状，这些变化不仅与痴呆症有关，而且与其他脑部疾病有关。随着年龄的增长，当你面对意想不到的生活事件时，它还能帮助你更好地运作更长时间)”可知，本段主要讲述的是强大的认知储备所带来的影响是各个方面的。选项A“Its effects are wide reaching.(它的影响是广泛的)”与本段内容相符。故选A。 37．根据上文内容“For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking.(例如，你可以做一些挑战你大脑能力的任务，比如填字游戏、阅读、即兴演讲和批判性思维)”可知，上文建议我们可以做一些挑战大脑能力的任务。选项F“However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.(然而，太长时间的苦思苦想可能会让你精疲力竭，损害认知储备)”是上文内容的延续，指出太长时间的思考会损害认知储备，从而自然引出空后的“So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important.(因此，做瑜伽、太极或冥想等身心练习来减轻压力也很重要)”指出，长时间思考会损害认知储备，所以应该做瑜伽、太极或冥想来减压。故选F。 38．根据空后“ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.(理想情况下，7到9小时是增强认知储备的最佳时间。从改善睡眠卫生开始，比如避免使用电子屏幕)”可知，下文讲述的是要保证睡眠。选项B“Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.(另外，保持规律的睡眠模式)”与下文内容一致，指的是我们要保持规律的睡眠模式。故选B。 39．根据上文“Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence.(认知储备是通过一生的教育、好奇心和毅力发展起来的)”可知，本段是文章的总结，指出认知储备需要一生的教育、好奇心和毅力。选项C“So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!(所以提前计划，确保你在认知上保持忙碌和投入)”是上文内容的延续，指出认知储备需要一生的教育、好奇心和毅力，所以我们应该提前计划。故选C。 Passage 08 【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. 35 Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. 36 They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech. 37 Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make. Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. 38   Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. 39 A．And those problems aren’t going away. B．The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering. C．Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content. D．Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe. E．It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake. F．Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized. G．Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content. 【答案】35．D 36．F 37．G 38．A 39．E 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体存在风险，平台常推卸责任，欧洲已实施相关法规，而线上安全问题引发线下痛苦，且社交媒体公司难以独自解决，人们也越来越难以远离社交媒体。 35．根据上文的“When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. (当你坐进一辆车的时候，你希望它的刹车能正常工作。当你在药店买药时，你希望它不会被污染。但事情并不总是这样的。这些产品刚上市时安全性很差。为了弄清楚用户如何在不受伤害的情况下享受这些产品的好处，需要进行大量的研究和监管)”可知，此段讲述的是其他产品都有安全标准，接着下文提到社交媒体的风险无处不在，说明社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保护用户安全，D项(同样，社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保证用户的安全)符合文意。故选D项。 36．根据下文的“They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.(他们说，用户一开始接触有害内容是他们的错，即使这些用户是孩子，或者内容是金融骗局。他们还声称是在捍卫言论自由)可知，社交媒体将问题推卸给用户，F项(然而，每当受到批评时，互联网平台就把责任推给消费者)引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。 37．根据下文的“Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.(根据今年在欧洲生效的《数字服务法案》(Digital Services Act)，平台必须采取行动阻止非法内容的传播，如果不这样做，将被处以最高相当于其全球收入6%的罚款。如果这项法律得到执行，维护其算法和网络的安全将是平台做出的最经济合理的决定)”可知，说明一些权威机构正在采取措施让社交媒体平台对其内容负责，G选项(一些当局正在采取措施，要求社交媒体平台对这些内容负责)符合文意。故选G项。 38．根据上文的“Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. (尽管做出了这些努力，但有两件事是明确的。首先，网络安全问题正在导致现实的、线下的痛苦。其次，社交媒体公司不能或不愿独自解决这些安全问题)可知，此段首先提到两个明确的事情，结合下文“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现)”接着说明问题不会消失，A选项(这些问题不会消失)引出下文，符合文意。故选A项。 39．根据上文的“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现。随着我们的社会网络化程度越来越高，任何人，甚至青少年，都可以“远离社交媒体”的想法变得越来越不现实)”，最后一段提到随着社会越来越依赖网络，让任何人远离社交媒体变得不太现实，所以为了每个人的利益，是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了，E项(为了每个人，现在是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了)总结上文。故选E项。 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 【好题汇编】五年（2020-2024）高考英语 真题分类汇编（北京专用）原卷版 专题12 阅读理解七选五 年份 体裁 词数 设题位置 主题语境 话题 段首 段中 段尾 2024 说明文 281+82 1 4 0 人与社会 “刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式 2023 说明文 255+83 1 2 2 人与自然 选择高校的建议 2022 说明文 225+81 1 4 0 人与自我 健康和健身 2021 说明文 275+102 2 3 0 人与社会 音乐对身体的好处 2020 说明文 282+84 1 3 1 人与自我 积极思考的各种益处 Passage 01 【2024北京卷】If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox? According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things. Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies. ___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and don’t know. So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare mixture known as foxy hedgehog. A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each. B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes. C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence. D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing. E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs. F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional. G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position. Passage 02 【2023北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 35 When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 36 Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 37 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes. Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 38 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates. 39 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission. What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower. A．Higher education has achieved its true potential. B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion. C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor. D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching. E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged. F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities. G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors. Passage 03 【2022年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases. ____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in. It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age. Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness. A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life. B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other. C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind. D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily. E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner. F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life. G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases. Passage 04 【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes． ____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain． Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety． When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit． ____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable． A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems． B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud． C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing． D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep． E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive． F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety． G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were． Passage 05 【2020年北京卷】Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. ____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____ In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____50____ Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health. A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well. F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking. G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. Passage 01 （2024·北京海淀·二模）Being sensitive means that you are observant, careful, and thoughtful. It can also mean you sometimes overinterpret or overreact to perceived criticism or judgment. If you tend to be a highly sensitive person, you are more likely to misread signals from others, sense social threats, and struggle to adapt to new circumstances. 35 The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟钝的) power” . 36 For example, those working on complex research projects with “sluggish power” persist with focus and determination in the face of challenges such as tight deadlines and limited resources. Their resilience facilitates effective problem-solving, ensuring the successful completion of tasks despite obstacles. 37 That is one of the important reasons why insensitivity allows a person to better survive and adapt in a competitive environment. Knowing oneself is difficult, but knowing oneself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability — a trait shared by many successful people, who all clearly know where their strengths are, what they can do, what they want, and what direction to go. Practicing insensitivity involves several key strategies. Firstly, be assertive. Express our needs and opinions positively and with confidence. Secondly, adopt a forward-looking mindset. 38 Additionally, detach from external influences. Avoid excessive concern over others’ opinions and speculation on others’ thoughts. Lastly, manage relationships. Recognize our personal responsibilities while respecting others’ boundaries. Don’t interfere with other people’s subjects and don’t let others interfere with ours either. 39 Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A．Learn to view the problem as two parts. B．That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C．I hope everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. D．Behind insensitivity is a strong sense of self-awareness. E．Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. F．It implies the ability to calmly face the setbacks and firmly move forward. G．Focus on long-term goals rather than the ups and downs of life at the moment. Passage 02 （2024·北京东城·二模）Socrates, Galileo, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in common? They all practiced deliberate doubt and used it as a tool to improve their thinking and generate creative ideas. 35 It is about suspending our certainty and letting go of our preconceived (先入为主的) notions in order to explore new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain of something, we tend to stop looking for alternative explanations or possibilities. 36 Doubt can, of course, be unsettling, but it can also result in a greater understanding of a subject and inspire fresh thoughts and insights. 37 But it doesn’t mean we should use it all the time. While deliberate doubt can be a valuable tool for generating creative ideas and exploring complex problems, it can also be counterproductive if it is not practiced in the right way. It’s important to keep in mind that deliberate doubt is not constant doubt. If we’re continuously doubting our own ideas, we’ll be less likely to pursue them and see them through to completion. 38 We spend so much time doubting everything and end up not doing anything. 39 We can become self-critical and unsure of our abilities, which can undermine our self-esteem. As a result, we may be too afraid to try new things or take risks. To avoid these traps, it’s important to strike a balance between doubt and certainty, and to use doubt as a tool to stimulate creative thinking and exploration, rather than as a means of undermining ourselves or others. A．Deliberate doubt can also lead to a lack of confidence. B．But when we doubt, we’re forced to consider other perspectives. C．In this case, deliberate doubt can prevent us from making decisions. D．When practiced all the time, deliberate doubt can lead to a different belief. E．By turning doubt into a deliberate process, we open ourselves to new possibilities. F．Deliberate doubt is the practice of actively questioning our beliefs and assumptions. G．Deliberate doubt can help us to develop a more open-minded approach to the world. Passage 03 【2024年人大附中高三三模】My, what a big beak you have! For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help to make the effects of a warmer world less harmful. 35 In a paper published in Trends & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Another study, this time in North American dark-eyed juncos, another bird, found the same pattern. 36 All that is perfectly consistent with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger body parts than those in temperate (温带的) regions. 37 Being richly filled with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to get rid of heat. Fennec foxes, meanwhile, which are native to the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ms. Ryding is not the first researcher to take that approach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (解剖学的) changes. All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might have been driving the changes. 38 The team combined data from different species in different places. Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, climate change is the most reasonable explanation. 39 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs (妥协), it is unclear how far the process might go. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, for instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow. A．However, looking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer. B．For now, at least, the increase is small, never much more than 10%. C．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviors. D．It seems that the future world is going to be hotter than humans are used to. E．Therefore, the negative effects of a warmer world are visible in these animals’ bodies. F．Such adaptations boost an animal’s surface area relative to its body, helping it to release extra heat. G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species of mice and bats evolving bigger ears, legs and wings. Passage 04 【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Public speaking and critical thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic (逻辑) — of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s argument and to avoid them in your own, it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking — the ability to see clearly their lationships among ideas. 35 The greatest thinkers, scientists, and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that, too, is critical thinking. 36 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical (机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arranging the ideas your already have. 37 What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 38 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 39 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class,You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece. A．Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. B．This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speech making, you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. Passage 05 【2024年北京市朝阳区高三一模】In most adults, learning and thinking begin to decline as early as age 30. People start to perform slightly worse in tests of cognitive abilities such as the rate at which someone does a mental task. 35 These changes are often considered normal aging. But they may instead represent something more like the “summer slide” that some schoolchildren experience in academic progress during summer break. Recent research suggests that a pause of learning is indeed a problem causing cognitive reduction. 36 In a three-month intervention, the researchers provided an encouraging learning environment for 24 older adults. They took at least three classes to learn three new skills. They also discussed issues related to learning barriers and motivation. Over the course these participants’ cognitive scores for memory and flexibility significantly improved. In a follow-up study, the researchers discovered amazingly that they had improved further: 37 In other words, giving these seniors a multicourse routine seemed to bring up their abilities to levels similar to those of college students. The researchers are still investigating why cognitive scores continued to climb after the program’s end, but one possibility is that the experience encouraged these older participants to continue learning and practicing new skills. Older adults are often assumed to be on a downward slide with unrecoverable loss. “Use it or lose it,” the saying goes. 38 Decline, as we so often see it, may not be certain. That’s why we need to create enriched learning environments for adults after their formal education and job training end. 39 Educators know how to educate children and adolescents, and we can adapt that knowledge to develop learning opportunities for adults. Societies could also provide resources and paths toward lifelong learning to ensure that everyone can benefit. Let’s shift the conversation about adults from avoiding loss and decline to learning and growing. A．But this decline can be addressed. B．The slide becomes sharper in their mid-60s. C．Interrupted learning may not only affect children. D．The question now is how society can maximize adult’s chances to keep learning. E．Their cognitive abilities after one year were close to those of adults 50 years younger. F．Older adult research tends to emphasize skill learning only after daily functions start to decline. G．However, the research suggests they can increase both skills and cognitive abilities over a long term. Passage 06 【2024年北京市房山区高三一模】The beginning of the Year of the Dragon has foreshadowed a “Song of Ice and Fire” with the emergence of Sora, a text-to-video AI model. Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles. 35 However, film insiders noted that currently, AI-generated 60-second videos cannot support the creation of a full-length movie, and the idea that AI tools will “bomb” the film and television industry is so far unfounded. Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television industry. 36 From the age of film stock to the digital age, from practical effects to digital effects, from 2D to 3D, Sora, like any technological revolution in the century-long history of film, will improve production efficiency, update production and may even create new genres and trends in filmmaking. 37 Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination. Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced. 38 Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora. 39 However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought. A．With OpenAI’s iteration speed, producing AI videos dozens of minutes long is not far off. B．It is also likely to be incorporated into film and television education and training in the future. C．Film and television are closely linked to technological advancements, which stimulate creativity. D．Sora will undoubtedly prompt changes in existing industrial production and may even replace some jobs. E．Sora is undoubtedly “more of an opportunity than a challenge” for the global film and television industry. F．Creativity and film production requires the integration of emotional experiences and individual memories. G．This implies that with just a text description, ordinary people using Sora may be able to become “great directors”. Passage 07 【2024年北京市延庆区高三一模】Do you want to be a cognitive superager when you are old? Just as you take steps towards a future-proofing body, you can enhance your brain’s resilience to age-related disease by boosting cognitive reserve. Andrew Sommerlad, an associate professor of psychiatry, discovers the power of cognitive reserve in studies of older people who show signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) in their brains. 35 Actually, three years ago, colleagues of Sommerlad had also published findings from Study of Ageing. They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia. 36 The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older. How do you improve it? The younger you implement things that will bolster it, the better. For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking. 37 So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important. This can help you balance the periods of mental demand and relaxation. 38 ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens. Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence. 39 A．Its effects are wide reaching. B．Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns. C．So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged! D．There are ways you can improve sleep, for both young and old people. E．It suggests that developing a good cognitive reserve can be powerfully protective. F．However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve. G．They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive reserve. Passage 08 【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. 35 Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. 36 They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech. 37 Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make. Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. 38   Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. 39 A．And those problems aren’t going away. B．The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering. C．Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content. D．Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe. E．It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake. F．Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized. G．Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content. ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$