Unit 1 Science and Scientists（单元测试）-2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists测试卷 （满分：150分 时间：120分） 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I卷（选择题） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will the man do? A. Drink coffee. B. Add some water. C. Wash cups. 2. When will the man finish studying? A. At 1:00 a. m. B. At 9:00 p. m. C. At 11:00 p. m. 3. What will the woman probably do next? A. Go to check on her mother. B. Send her mother to hospital. C. Answer her mother’s phone. 4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Co-workers. B. Husband and wife. C. Sales clerk and customer. 5. What food has been sold out? A. Chips. B. Nuts. C. Chocolate. 第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。 6. What problem does the woman have? A. She will be late for her history lesson. B. She is struggling with her project. C. She worked late last night. 7. Who is probably the man? A. A teacher. B. A headmaster. C. A student. 听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。 8. Which tea does the man always drink with milk? A. Yellow. B. Black. C. Green. 9. What bread does the man like to eat every day? A. White. B. Brown. C. Black. 10. How much does the bacon cost today? A. $ 0. 5. B. $1. 50. C. Zero. 听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。 11. Where are the speakers? A. At a parking lot. B. At a restaurant. C. At a grocery store. 12. Who did the speakers see? A. A famous singer. B. A famous actress. C. A famous writer. 13. What makes the city more popular? A. Great entertainment. B. Cheap labor. C. Beautiful nature. 听第9段材料, 回答第14至16题。 14. Why doesn’t the man eat at the university cafeteria? A. It’s less fun. B. It’s too expensive. C. It’s not healthy. 15. What does the man need money to pay for? A. Textbooks. B. A car. C. Rent. 16. What does the man probably want to be in the future? A. A teacher. B. A banker. C. A doctor. 听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。 17. How long will Mr. White’s talk last? A. About a quarter. B. About half an hour. C. About an hour. 18. Who will give information about the courses? A. The director of studies. B. The student adviser. C. The principal. 19. Where will the freshmen go at 11 o’clock? A. To the Main Hall. B. To the language lab. C. To classroom 521. 20. What is the talk mainly about? A. Daily schedules for freshmen. B. A test timetable for freshmen. C. Next day’s arrangements for freshmen. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Dozens of scientists are ready to delight, provoke, and shed light on global scientific issues. Hosted by different columns on New Scientist, they’re here to engage with latest discoveries. Read on for what New Scientist has offered this week. NS Live Why do we need more women in science? Physicist Athene Donald will be at New Scientist Live on & January to explore the disadvantages that women in science face. Her talk will erase myths (传言) about “gendered” brains and what attributes are needed to become a successful scientist. Now, more than ever, there is a moral and business case for greater diversity in research, she says. Weekender From black holes to Big Bang, explore the space in this getaway featuring talks from some of the brightest minds in astrophysics. Visit the Lovell Telescope at the Jodrell Bank UNESCO World Heritage Site. Plus, go stargazing with New Scientist features editor Abigail Beall. This weekender runs from 19 January to 1 February and costs £959. Essential Guide What drives the ageing process? What can science tell us about the stages of life? And how can we use the latest research to live healthily into old age? This Essential Guide offers some fresh insight. Available to download on the website or to purchase in print from our shop. Newsletter — Wild Wild Life In an act of companionship, an African bird called the greater honey guide may get a badger to help it break into a beehive so the two can share the honey. Michael Marshall finds that there are many surprising truths in his reports, which lie behind the fables (寓言), though these animals’ behavior seems unusual in real life. 21. What’s the purpose of NS Live? A. To set moral and commercial rules for the study. B. To encourage more women to devote to science. C. To demonstrate the vital elements to be a scientist. D. To reveal the existence of gender differences. 22. Which will attract the amateur astronomers most? A. NS Live. B. Weekender. C. Essential Guide. D. Newsletter — Wild Wild Life. 23. What does Michael think of the animal companionship? A. It exists indeed in wild world. B. It happens only in the fables. C. It is widely accepted by humans. D. It reveals the truth behind the lie. B I’ve been conducting scientific research with experts who specialise in advanced microscopy (显微镜观察) at Nottingham University for more than ten years. But I’m not a scientist—I’m an artist and lecturer in illustration. Despite their importance in education and society, science and art are often seen as distinct fields, which, in my opinion, restricts beneficial connections. I want to facilitate these connections by helping to make sense of scientists’ work for a wider audience through my own work as an artist. I have seen the enormous potential that exists when scientists and artists work together. Like advanced imaging specialists, I am absorbed in light, colour, technology and science. When I discovered the Wellcome Trust’s Sci-Art project in 1998, its belief—to facilitate connections that produce art directly inspired by science—encouraged me to seek out life scientists to collaborate (协作) with, because the methods we employ to create images are connected. Advanced microscopy is used to observe cells that the naked eye (裸眼) cannot see, while being as gentle as possible on the object being examined. My work focuses on the imaging potential of the biomedical data revealed through advanced microscopy. This artistic expression of scientists’ data can provide them with tools for showing their work in a different way to a different audience. For example, I work with scientists while they conduct image experiments, to discover how and why they generate image data of cell behaviour. Inspired by watching these scientists at work I create data pictures, seeing unique patterns, wonderful colours and movement through layers of skin at this carefully enlarged size. I then display my artwork along with advanced microscopy photographs at scientific conferences to compare results and highlight the aesthetic (类学的) potential of scientific data from an artist’s viewpoint. I’ve worked with four science labs since 2010. Over a decade of combining science and art, I’ve discovered three major advantages to such collaborations. The variety of collaborations increased my appreciation for technical advances in scientific visualisation. They inspire both scientists and artists to think creatively. They contribute to making science more accessible to the general public. 24. What role does the author play between science and art? A. A judge. B. A promoter. C. A guard. D. A leader. 25. How did the Wellcome Trust’s Sci-Art project impact the author? A. It inspired her to become a life scientist. B. It strengthened her belief in sharing and caring. C. It got her to approach scientists for cooperation. D. It generated her interest in light and colour. 26. What does the author’s work involve? A. Collecting the biomedical data. B. Keeping track of cell behaviour. C. Conducting image experiments. D. Presenting data in an artistic manner. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Every science lab should have an artist on the team B. It takes time to facilitate scientist-artist collaborations C. Advanced microscopy inspires scientists to think critically D. Science should contribute to a variety of new art techniques C Eight scientists were awarded the 2023 Future Science Prize, also called “China’s Nobel Prize”, the first Chinese non-governmental science award jointly initiated by groups of scientists and entrepreneurs (企业家). Since the establishment in 2016, a total of 35 scientists have been awarded the Future Science Prize so far. Chai Jijie and Zhou Jianmin received the Future Science Prize in life sciences for the discovery of resistosomes (抗原小体) and explanations of their molecular structures and functions in plant immune responses against pathogens (病原体). Understanding of resistosome functions will lead to better methods for controlling plant disease and therefore have enormous importance for global food security. Chai said that he felt extremely honored, excited and happy via a video call at the press conference. He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work. “My cooperation with Professor Zhou has lasted for nearly 20 years. Our partnership has been productive and enjoyable, and I believe our cooperation will carry on,” he said. During the video call, Zhou remarked that the Future Science Prize is grounded in the national context. It is heartening to see that the prize places greater emphasis on supporting agriculture. Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature. Notably, both Zhao and Chen conducted systematic studies to show the underlying physical mechanisms of high Tc materials, positioning themselves at the forefront of superconductor research for several years. He Kaiming, Sun Jian, Ren Shaoqing, Zhang Xiangyu received the Future Science Prize in mathematics and computer science, for their extraordinary contributions to artificial intelligence by introducing deep residual learning (深度残差学习). The 2023 Future Science Prize Week and the Award Ceremony were held in Hong Kong from October 14 to 17. 28. For what were the eight scientists awarded? A. Their never-ending pursuit of knowledge. B. Their long-term partnership in researches. C. Their remarkable contributions to science. D. Their intense efforts to overcome barriers. 29. What contributes to their discovery according to Chai? A. Vision. B. Passion. C. Ambition. D. Cooperation. 30. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 indicate? A. Their discovery is ground-breaking. B. Zhao and Chen have a long way to go. C. Research is certain to be rewarded. D. The real value cannot be overestimated. 31. What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To appeal to many more people to innovate. B. To reveal the recipe for their great success. C. To encourage us to be committed to science. D. To introduce the 2023 Future Science Prize. D Roald Hoffmann, a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, poet and playwright (剧作家), is a tireless advocate of the wonders of science and the beauty of chemistry. Hoffmann successfully shares his understanding of science with the public at large through literature, educational television and even the stage. Here is an article he wrote: Around the time of the Industrial Revolution, science left poetry. Nature and the personal became the main playground of the poet. That’s too bad for both scientists and poets, but it leaves lots of open ground for those of us who can move between the two. If one can write poetry about being a tree, why not about being a scientist? It’s experience, a way of life. It’s exciting. The language of science is a language under stress. Words are being made to describe things that seem indescribable in words — equations (方程式), chemical structures and so forth. Words do not, cannot mean all that they stand for, yet they are all we have to describe experience. By being a natural language under tension, the language of science is inherently (内在地) poetic. Emotions emerge shaped as states of matter and more interestingly, matter acts out what goes on in the soul. One thing is certainly not true: that scientists have some greater insight into the workings of nature than poets. Interestingly, I find that many humanists deep down feel that scientists have such inner knowledge that they don’t. Perhaps we scientists do, but in such carefully circumscribed pieces of the universe, poetry flies high, all around the tangible (有形的), in the deep dark, through a world we reveal and make. It should be said that building a career in poetry is much harder than in science. In the best chemical journal in the world, the acceptance rate for full articles is 65%, for communications 35%. In a routine literary journal, far from the best, the acceptance rate for poems is below 5%. Writing has become increasingly important to me. I expect to publish four books for a general or literary audience in the next few years. Science will be involved, but only as a part, a vital part, of the risky project of being human. 32. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A way of life. B. The Industrial Revolution. C. The main playground of the poet. D. The separation of science from poetry. 33. What can we learn about science language? A. Humanists never use it. B. It shows scientists’ emotions. C. It is a special way of description. D. Its words stand for everything. 34. What method does Roald Hoffmann mainly use to develop the text? A. Comparative analysis. B. Giving examples. C. Cause-effect analysis. D. Process explanation. 35. What may be the best title for the text? A. The Life of Roald Hoffmann B. Roald Hoffmann’s Views on Science and Poetry C. The Difference of Nature and Art D. The Development of Science Language 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Specifically, citizen science is when the public voluntarily helps conduct scientific research. Citizen scientists may design experiments, collect data, analyze results, and solve problems. 36 These data help professional scientists and resource managers answer scientific questions and solve important problems. And the activity helps participants build meaningful connections to science. Anyone can be a citizen scientist, regardless of where they’re from. 37 All it takes is some time, curiosity, and a sense of wonder. Why does the national parks support citizen science? For two reasons —good management of parks, and good experiences for visitors. 38 Sometimes the best way to get that information is through citizen science projects. For example, managers might need to know when certain kinds of plants bloom. Data on flower timing can help them know which butterflies need special protection. They might not have enough time to count all those flowers across the park. But hundreds of visitors hiking in the park can do. Citizen science is also a way for visitors to enjoy and learn about science and their parks. 39 Citizen science helps the national parks fill that role. One of the best ways to learn science is to do science. And by doing science, people can appreciate their parks in new ways. For most projects in national parks, it’s the professional scientists and managers who decide what topic is important, how to study it, and how to use the results. The public— who may range from park visitors to student groups or local community members is invited, encouraged, and enabled to participate. 40 There are many citizen science park projects, and there will be more in the future. A. They typically do so by collecting data. B. In national parks, most citizen scientists collect data. C. And these participants can use their own way to study. D. It doesn’t matter how old you are or what your background is. E. There is a lot of information about the role of citizen scientists. F. The national parks have a public education role and responsibility. G. For good management, the parks use the best available scientific information. 第II卷（非选择题） 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I studied in my high school, I did an experiment about how the temperature affected the growth of a plant. That experiment made me 41 that science teaches us the domino effect (多米诺效应) in the environment. It teaches people our 42 so we know where we are from. That day I 43 decided to be a scientist and that will be my greatest ambition in life. Ever since that day I have studied harder 44 in all my science-related subjects. After school I do much research on how I can become a 45 scientist in the future. One of my 46 in becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock. She has been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. At 25 she already had her PhD in botany and after that she started her 47 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米细胞遗传学) and she was 48 to that research for the rest of her life. If I am lucky and given the 49 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 50 something that helped the other scientists 51 the thing about genetics that did not just help her generation but also the future generation. I know I will be able to achieve my 52 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I am lucky enough to achieve my goal, I will share my 53 with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 54 as the stars in the night sky. My future is still far but I will make the most of all in the 55 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist. 41. A. doubt B. realize C. wonder D. value 42. A. school B. origin C. growth D. study 43. A. easily B. hardly C. partly D. firmly 44. A. especially B. possibly C. properly D. separately 45. A. happy B. popular C. careful D. real 46. A. experiences B. persuasions C. inspirations D. generations 47. A. career B. attempt C. praise D. science 48. A. devoted B. invited C. linked D. attached 49. A. reason B. freedom C. right D. opportunity 50. A. heard B. expected C. discovered D. awarded 51. A. set out B. figure out C. stick out D. take out 52. A. fame B. reward C. dream D. stage 53. A. information B. decision C. light D. fortune 54. A. bright B. capable C. proud D. brave 55. A. lesson B. mind C. present D. heart 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the Spring Festival holiday, The Wandering Earth II, a science-fiction movie that includes some rather new concepts such as nuclear fusion (核聚变) technology and the sun’s life cycle, had a rocket-fueled box office of 2.3 billion yuan within seven days of being put on the big screen. The figure has reached 3.65 billion yuan, 56 (make) it the 10th biggest earner in Chinese box-office history. The film 57 (arouse) hot debate among scientists and science-fiction writers since it came out. La Zi, editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, a 43-year-old magazine, says, “Only when people are familiar 58 astronautic technologies will science fiction gain 59 (popular).” 60 (compare) to past works, both episodes of The Wandering Earth include quite a few imagined technologies that need basic scientific knowledge to understand. In the latest one, There is a “space elevator” that enables astronauts to complete their trips to space by taking an elevator instead of a rocket. On various platforms, there are discussions about 61 such an elevator is possible. For Zhou, such discussions themselves mean the public has a taste for science. La Zi points out, too, that while pop science is 62 (main) about existing technologies, science fiction is about ones that cannot be realized in the near future. “The farther away it is from today, the 63 (wild) the writer’s imagination can be,” he says. China is one of the leading countries for scientific research and 64 (technology) development, 65 inspires more and more young people in China in the future. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 最近，你校即将举行以“Science and Scientists”为主题的科技节。你的英国朋友David对此非常感兴趣，请你根据以下内容，写一封信向其介绍相关情况。 Time:May 15, 2021—May 25, 2021 Participants: •students and teachers Activities: •attend the opening ceremony •design a model plane •enjoy the lectures on science •take part in the competition of telling stories about scientists Aims: •develop teamwork •improve students’ interest in science 注意：1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息； 2.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, How is everything going? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Yours, Li Hua 第二节 （满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Truman’s parents were scientists, and he also wanted to be a scientist, so he was determined to be at the top of science subject. With only one week and one assignment to go before the summer holiday, Truman knew that to secure the top spot, his final report had to shine. The topic was beehives (蜂巢), a subject that Mrs. Lawrence, his teacher, had emphasized the need for a unique perspective to earn an A+. Truman opened the door to find his four-year-old brother, Bryan, who sat on the floor in the living room with paper tubes all over the floor. Bryan called, “Truman, help me build a city!” With a sigh, Truman replied, “I’m sorry, Bryan, but I have to write a report about beehives.” Stepping carefully between the scattered tubes, he went into his room, deep in thought about his project. Shortly after, Bryan appeared at the door, his eyes sparkling (发亮). “Truman, I know where there’s a beehive,” he said. Truman followed Bryan to the garage where they found a real beehive hidden among the firewood. Bending down, he removed the beehive from the wood. As Truman examined it closely, he was fascinated by the hexagonal (六边形的) structure of each cell. “Why the hexagon?” he thought. After dinner, Truman did the dishes. He glanced at the clock. If he didn’t think of something soon, his chance to get an A+ would be slim. As Truman turned around, he stepped on something. He hadn’t seen Bryan play with paper tubes behind him. “Get your tubes out of here, Bryan!” Truman said angrily. Bryan ran into the living room, crying. Truman sighed and gathered the paper tubes. Suddenly, he found that they were arranged with one in the middle and surrounded by six others. They reminded Truman of the beehive. The center tube formed a hexagon, just like the cells of the hive. Truman tried to use different numbers of tubes to surround the center tube, and then Truman got the new angle. But what else did he need to accompany his report? Maybe a model beehive! 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Thinking about this, Truman rushed into the living room, his heart pounding. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bryan smiled and began picking out his tubes. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists测试卷 （满分：150分 时间：120分） 注意事项： 1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2. 请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第I卷（选择题） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will the man do? A. Drink coffee. B. Add some water. C. Wash cups. 【答案】B 【原文】 M: Hey, did you fill up the coffee machine recently? Nothing’s coming out even though I put in coffee beans. W: Yes, it’s definitely empty. It needs some water — at least 10 cups. M: OK, I will add some. 2. When will the man finish studying? A. At 1:00 a. m. B. At 9:00 p. m. C. At 11:00 p. m. 【答案】A 【原文】 W: You’re still here? You’ve been studying almost around the clock. It’s 11:00 p.m. You need to get some sleep. M: No, just 12 hours. I’ll work for two more hours, and then I’ll go. Good night. 3. What will the woman probably do next? A. Go to check on her mother. B. Send her mother to hospital. C. Answer her mother’s phone. 【答案】A 【原文】 M: Where are you going? You look worried. W: My mom didn’t answer the phone. I need to go check what’s wrong. She never ignores my calls, and she’s not young anymore. M: I’m sure she’s fine. She’s always in good condition. 4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Co-workers. B. Husband and wife. C. Sales clerk and customer. 【答案】B 【原文】 W: Which color do you think looks best on me, honey? M: I think the first suit you tried matches your shoes. It looks very professional. W: All right. Let me try one more suit from the other side of the store. 5. What food has been sold out? A. Chips. B. Nuts. C. Chocolate. 【答案】A 【原文】 W: Good morning, I’d like two bags of chips, that large chocolate bar and some fruit for my little boy please. M: I’m afraid we’ve run out of chips. Would you like a bag of nuts instead? W: Oh, yes please. 第二节（共15小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。 6. What problem does the woman have? A. She will be late for her history lesson. B. She is struggling with her project. C. She worked late last night. 7. Who is probably the man? A. A teacher. B. A headmaster. C. A student. 【答案】6. B 7. C 【原文】 M: Hi Tracy. You look busy. W: You can say that again. I’m trying to finish my project before tomorrow’s history lesson. I’m far way behind. It seems to be never-ending. M: I know how you feel. I was up until one o’clock this morning finishing mine. I’m too tired today. Is there anything I can do to help you? W: It’s nice of you to offer help, but I think I’ll just have to get it done on my own. I’ll let you know if I need any help later. M: Well, good luck. We’ll have a chat when you’ve finished the project. W: OK Peter. See you later. 听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。 8. Which tea does the man always drink with milk? A. Yellow. B. Black. C. Green. 9. What bread does the man like to eat every day? A. White. B. Brown. C. Black. 10. How much does the bacon cost today? A. $ 0. 5. B. $1. 50. C. Zero. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 【原文】 W: Would you like milk in your tea, as always? M: No, today I’ll have a cup of yellow tea. It tastes horrible with milk. It is the same with black tea. W: OK, so yellow tea instead of green. And two fried eggs with toast. Anything else? M: No, that’s it. W: Sorry, I completely forgot. We’ll have to make a change to your usual order, since we’re out of white bread. Do you like brown bread? M: Yes, I do. I really like black bread too. However, it might be a bit too heavy. W: I’ll add some bacon. How about that? M: That would be good. Though, I only have $1.50 in change. I’m 50 cents short. W: That’s fine. That’s the usual price. But today it’s free. 听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。 11. Where are the speakers? A. At a parking lot. B. At a restaurant. C. At a grocery store. 12. Who did the speakers see? A. A famous singer. B. A famous actress. C. A famous writer. 13. What makes the city more popular? A. Great entertainment. B. Cheap labor. C. Beautiful nature. 【答案】11. B 12. A 13. B 【原文】 M: Did you see who just walked in? Oh my, I can’t believe it. What’s a person like her doing at a place like this? All her guards are even parked outside. I always thought someone like her would eat at an expensive restaurant. W: I know. I thought rich people only choose organic or imported food. M: Actually, I heard she just moved into the area. W: That’s odd. There aren’t any recording studios in the city. M: That’s not true anymore. I just read a magazine about the music industry. It says many studios are starting to come to our city because the cost of hiring people is so low. W: Well, that must be why there are so many new expensive restaurants and clubs. M: I know. I can’t even afford to go out anymore. Luckily we have some free hiking paths nearby. 听第9段材料, 回答第14至16题。 14. Why doesn’t the man eat at the university cafeteria? A. It’s less fun. B. It’s too expensive. C. It’s not healthy. 15. What does the man need money to pay for? A. Textbooks. B. A car. C. Rent. 16. What does the man probably want to be in the future? A. A teacher. B. A banker. C. A doctor. 【答案】14. A 15. C 16. C 【原文】 W: You look so thin! You must not be eating enough. Why don’t you get a year pass to the cafeteria? I can buy it for you. M: It’s OK, Mom. It’s fun to cook with my roommates while eating at the cafeteria is less interesting. W: I bet you don’t even eat any vegetables. Make sure to eat fruits and vegetables so you stay healthy. M: Mom, I’m perfectly healthy. W: Well, I don’t know. But besides that, is everything all right? How are you with money? M: Actually, money is tight. I use all my money on textbooks and don’t have any left. After car insurance, I have nothing left for rent. W: Why didn’t you say so earlier? I’ll transfer money to your account when I get home. M: Thanks, Mom. But I can settle the problem. I’ve got a part-time job. W: It’s no problem, as long as you promise to do less of your teaching job and focus on your education. Money should not be on your mind right now. You’ll only have to think about it when you’re older. You need good grades this year if you want to continue medical school. M: That is my dream. I will study harder. W: One second, someone’s calling me. I’ll take this call, and then we can go for lunch. Are you busy? M: No, but I have to be back on campus by 2:00 p.m. 听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。 17. How long will Mr. White’s talk last? A. About a quarter. B. About half an hour. C. About an hour. 18. Who will give information about the courses? A. The director of studies. B. The student adviser. C. The principal. 19. Where will the freshmen go at 11 o’clock? A. To the Main Hall. B. To the language lab. C. To classroom 521. 20. What is the talk mainly about? A. Daily schedules for freshmen. B. A test timetable for freshmen. C. Next day’s arrangements for freshmen. 【答案】17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C 【原文】 Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. May I have your attention please? I will inform you of tomorrow’s activities. Firstly, let me read you a brochure. I hope everyone can stay focused and not miss a single piece of information. Now, on the first page, there’s an outline of next morning’s activities. At 10 o’clock, all the new students will gather in the Main Hall to meet the principal Mr. White and the rest of the staff. His talk will last about 30 minutes. Then the director of studies will talk to you for an hour about the courses and the different requirements for each. After that, the student adviser will tell you about the various services and activities we offer to students. Then we’ll go to the language lab at 11 o’clock. There you’ll have a test to help us find your level of English so that we can put you in the right class. We still have a couple of things to do in the afternoon. At 2 o’clock, you’ll watch a video in classroom 521, Main Building about the school life. At 4 o’clock, a lecture about course registration will be given. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Dozens of scientists are ready to delight, provoke, and shed light on global scientific issues. Hosted by different columns on New Scientist, they’re here to engage with latest discoveries. Read on for what New Scientist has offered this week. NS Live Why do we need more women in science? Physicist Athene Donald will be at New Scientist Live on & January to explore the disadvantages that women in science face. Her talk will erase myths (传言) about “gendered” brains and what attributes are needed to become a successful scientist. Now, more than ever, there is a moral and business case for greater diversity in research, she says. Weekender From black holes to Big Bang, explore the space in this getaway featuring talks from some of the brightest minds in astrophysics. Visit the Lovell Telescope at the Jodrell Bank UNESCO World Heritage Site. Plus, go stargazing with New Scientist features editor Abigail Beall. This weekender runs from 19 January to 1 February and costs £959. Essential Guide What drives the ageing process? What can science tell us about the stages of life? And how can we use the latest research to live healthily into old age? This Essential Guide offers some fresh insight. Available to download on the website or to purchase in print from our shop. Newsletter — Wild Wild Life In an act of companionship, an African bird called the greater honey guide may get a badger to help it break into a beehive so the two can share the honey. Michael Marshall finds that there are many surprising truths in his reports, which lie behind the fables (寓言), though these animals’ behavior seems unusual in real life. 21. What’s the purpose of NS Live? A. To set moral and commercial rules for the study. B. To encourage more women to devote to science. C. To demonstrate the vital elements to be a scientist. D. To reveal the existence of gender differences. 22. Which will attract the amateur astronomers most? A. NS Live. B. Weekender. C. Essential Guide. D. Newsletter — Wild Wild Life. 23. What does Michael think of the animal companionship? A. It exists indeed in wild world. B. It happens only in the fables. C. It is widely accepted by humans. D. It reveals the truth behind the lie. 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了New Scientist 杂志将要举办的一些科学活动和以及新发现的讯息。 21. 细节理解题。根据“NS Live”部分中“Why do we need more women in science? Physicist Athene Donald will be at New Scientist Live on & January to explore the disadvantages that women in science face. Her talk will erase myths (传言) about “gendered” brains and what attributes are needed to become a successful scientist. Now, more than ever, there is a moral and business case for greater diversity in research, she says.(为什么我们需要更多的女性投身科学？物理学家雅典娜·唐纳德将于1月1日在《新科学家现场》探索女性在科学领域面临的劣势。她的演讲将消除关于‘性别化’大脑的传言，以及成为一名成功的科学家需要哪些特质。她说，现在比以往任何时候都更有道德和商业理由要求研究更加多样化。)”可知，物理学家雅典娜·唐纳德将在《新科学家现场》探索女性在科学领域面临的劣势，消除关于“性别化”大脑的传言并阐述成为一名成功的科学家所需要的特质，解释为什么需要更多的女性投身科学；由此可知，NS Live的目的是鼓励更多的女性投身于科学。故选B。 22. 细节理解题。根据“Weekender”部分中“From black holes to Big Bang, explore the space in this getaway featuring talks from some of the brightest minds in astrophysics. Visit the Lovell Telescope at the Jodrell Bank UNESCO World Heritage Site. Plus, go stargazing with New Scientist features editor Abigail Beall.(从黑洞到大爆炸，在这场以天体物理学中一些最聪明的人的演讲为特色的假期之旅中探索太空。参观位于联合国教科文组织世界遗产乔德雷尔银行的洛弗尔望远镜。此外，还可以与New Scientist的特稿编辑Abigail Beall一起观星。)”可知，Weekender对于天文爱好者来说具有很大的吸引力。故选B。 23. 推理判断题。根据“Newsletter — Wild Wild Life”部分中“In an act of companionship, an African bird called the greater honey guide may get a badger to help it break into a beehive so the two can share the honey. Michael Marshall finds that there are many surprising truths in his reports, which lie behind the fables (寓言), though these animals’ behavior seems unusual in real life.(在一种陪伴行为中，一种被称为‘大蜂蜜向导’的非洲鸟可能会让獾帮助它进入蜂巢，这样它们就可以分享蜂蜜了。迈克尔·马歇尔发现，尽管这些动物的行为在现实生活中似乎不寻常，但在他的报告中有许多令人惊讶的事实，这些事实隐藏在寓言背后)”可知，一种被称为“大蜂蜜向导”的非洲鸟可能会让獾帮助它进入蜂巢一起分享蜂蜜，Michael Marshall发现，尽管这些动物的行为在现实生活中似乎不寻常，但是他发现存在许多令人惊讶的真相；由此可知，这表明他相信像非洲鸟和獾这样动物间的伙伴关系是存在的，即迈克尔认为动物的陪伴关系确实存在于野生世界。故选A。 B I’ve been conducting scientific research with experts who specialise in advanced microscopy (显微镜观察) at Nottingham University for more than ten years. But I’m not a scientist—I’m an artist and lecturer in illustration. Despite their importance in education and society, science and art are often seen as distinct fields, which, in my opinion, restricts beneficial connections. I want to facilitate these connections by helping to make sense of scientists’ work for a wider audience through my own work as an artist. I have seen the enormous potential that exists when scientists and artists work together. Like advanced imaging specialists, I am absorbed in light, colour, technology and science. When I discovered the Wellcome Trust’s Sci-Art project in 1998, its belief—to facilitate connections that produce art directly inspired by science—encouraged me to seek out life scientists to collaborate (协作) with, because the methods we employ to create images are connected. Advanced microscopy is used to observe cells that the naked eye (裸眼) cannot see, while being as gentle as possible on the object being examined. My work focuses on the imaging potential of the biomedical data revealed through advanced microscopy. This artistic expression of scientists’ data can provide them with tools for showing their work in a different way to a different audience. For example, I work with scientists while they conduct image experiments, to discover how and why they generate image data of cell behaviour. Inspired by watching these scientists at work I create data pictures, seeing unique patterns, wonderful colours and movement through layers of skin at this carefully enlarged size. I then display my artwork along with advanced microscopy photographs at scientific conferences to compare results and highlight the aesthetic (类学的) potential of scientific data from an artist’s viewpoint. I’ve worked with four science labs since 2010. Over a decade of combining science and art, I’ve discovered three major advantages to such collaborations. The variety of collaborations increased my appreciation for technical advances in scientific visualisation. They inspire both scientists and artists to think creatively. They contribute to making science more accessible to the general public. 24. What role does the author play between science and art? A. A judge. B. A promoter. C. A guard. D. A leader. 25. How did the Wellcome Trust’s Sci-Art project impact the author? A. It inspired her to become a life scientist. B. It strengthened her belief in sharing and caring. C. It got her to approach scientists for cooperation. D. It generated her interest in light and colour. 26. What does the author’s work involve? A. Collecting the biomedical data. B. Keeping track of cell behaviour. C. Conducting image experiments. D. Presenting data in an artistic manner. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Every science lab should have an artist on the team B. It takes time to facilitate scientist-artist collaborations C. Advanced microscopy inspires scientists to think critically D. Science should contribute to a variety of new art techniques 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者想通过自己作为艺术家的工作，帮助更广泛的观众理解科学家的工作，从而促进这些联系。作者看到了当科学家和艺术家一起工作时存在的巨大潜力以及这种合作的优势。 24. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Despite their importance in education and society, science and art are often seen as distinct fields, which, in my opinion, restricts beneficial connections. I want to facilitate these connections by helping to make sense of scientists’ work for a wider audience through my own work as an artist. I have seen the enormous potential that exists when scientists and artists work together.”（尽管科学和艺术在教育和社会中都很重要，但它们往往被视为不同的领域，在我看来，这限制了有益的联系。我想通过我自己作为艺术家的工作，帮助更广泛的观众理解科学家的工作，从而促进这些联系。我看到了当科学家和艺术家一起工作时存在的巨大潜力。）可知，作者在科学与艺术之间扮演了推动者的角色。故选B项。 25. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I discovered the Wellcome Trust’s Sci-Art project in 1998, its belief—to facilitate connections that produce art directly inspired by science—encouraged me to seek out life scientists to collaborate (协作) with, because the methods we employ to create images are connected.”（当我在1998年发现威康基金会的科学艺术项目时，它的信念——促进直接受科学启发的艺术创作的联系——鼓励我寻找生命科学家来合作，因为我们用来创造图像的方法是相互联系的。）可知，威康基金会的科学艺术项目让作者去找科学家寻求合作。故选C项。 26. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“My work focuses on the imaging potential of the biomedical data revealed through advanced microscopy. This artistic expression of scientists’ data can provide them with tools for showing their work in a different way to a different audience. For example, I work with scientists while they conduct image experiments, to discover how and why they generate image data of cell behaviour.”（我的工作重点是通过先进的显微镜显示的生物医学数据的成像潜力。这种对科学家数据的艺术表达可以为他们提供工具，以不同的方式向不同的观众展示他们的工作。例如，当科学家进行图像实验时，我与他们一起工作，以发现他们如何以及为什么生成细胞行为的图像数据。）可知，作者的工作涉及以艺术的方式呈现数据。故选D项。 27. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Despite their importance in education and society, science and art are often seen as distinct fields, which, in my opinion, restricts beneficial connections. I want to facilitate these connections by helping to make sense of scientists’ work for a wider audience through my own work as an artist. I have seen the enormous potential that exists when scientists and artists work together.”（尽管科学和艺术在教育和社会中都很重要，但它们往往被视为不同的领域，在我看来，这限制了有益的联系。我想通过我自己作为艺术家的工作，帮助更广泛的观众理解科学家的工作，从而促进这些联系。我看到了当科学家和艺术家一起工作时存在的巨大潜力。）和最后一段中“I’ve worked with four science labs since 2010. Over a decade of combining science and art, I’ve discovered three major advantages to such collaborations.”（自2010年以来，我一直在四个科学实验室工作。在将科学与艺术结合的十多年中，我发现了这种合作的三大优势。）可知，文章主要讲的是作者想通过自己作为艺术家的工作，帮助更广泛的观众理解科学家的工作，从而促进这些联系。作者看到了当科学家和艺术家一起工作时存在的巨大潜力以及这种合作的优势。故文章最适合的标题是“每个科学实验室都应该有一名艺术家”。故选A项。 C Eight scientists were awarded the 2023 Future Science Prize, also called “China’s Nobel Prize”, the first Chinese non-governmental science award jointly initiated by groups of scientists and entrepreneurs (企业家). Since the establishment in 2016, a total of 35 scientists have been awarded the Future Science Prize so far. Chai Jijie and Zhou Jianmin received the Future Science Prize in life sciences for the discovery of resistosomes (抗原小体) and explanations of their molecular structures and functions in plant immune responses against pathogens (病原体). Understanding of resistosome functions will lead to better methods for controlling plant disease and therefore have enormous importance for global food security. Chai said that he felt extremely honored, excited and happy via a video call at the press conference. He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work. “My cooperation with Professor Zhou has lasted for nearly 20 years. Our partnership has been productive and enjoyable, and I believe our cooperation will carry on,” he said. During the video call, Zhou remarked that the Future Science Prize is grounded in the national context. It is heartening to see that the prize places greater emphasis on supporting agriculture. Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature. Notably, both Zhao and Chen conducted systematic studies to show the underlying physical mechanisms of high Tc materials, positioning themselves at the forefront of superconductor research for several years. He Kaiming, Sun Jian, Ren Shaoqing, Zhang Xiangyu received the Future Science Prize in mathematics and computer science, for their extraordinary contributions to artificial intelligence by introducing deep residual learning (深度残差学习). The 2023 Future Science Prize Week and the Award Ceremony were held in Hong Kong from October 14 to 17. 28. For what were the eight scientists awarded? A. Their never-ending pursuit of knowledge. B. Their long-term partnership in researches. C. Their remarkable contributions to science. D. Their intense efforts to overcome barriers. 29. What contributes to their discovery according to Chai? A. Vision. B. Passion. C. Ambition. D. Cooperation. 30. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 indicate? A. Their discovery is ground-breaking. B. Zhao and Chen have a long way to go. C. Research is certain to be rewarded. D. The real value cannot be overestimated. 31. What is the writing purpose of the passage? A. To appeal to many more people to innovate. B. To reveal the recipe for their great success. C. To encourage us to be committed to science. D. To introduce the 2023 Future Science Prize. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. D 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖，并介绍了荣获2023年的八名科学家的成就。 28. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Chai Jijie and Zhou Jianmin received the Future Science Prize in life sciences for the discovery of resistosomes (抗原小体) and explanations of their molecular structures and functions in plant immune responses against pathogens (病原体). Understanding of resistosome functions will lead to better methods for controlling plant disease and therefore have enormous importance for global food security.（柴继杰和周俭民因发现抗性小体并解释其在植物针对病原体的免疫反应中的分子结构和功能而获得生命科学未来科学奖。了解抗性体的功能将有助于找到更好的方法来控制植物病害，因此对全球粮食安全具有极其重要的意义。）”第五段“Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature. （赵忠贤和陈仙辉因在发现高温超导材料方面取得的具有影响力的突破以及在提高转变温度方面的系统性进展而获得物理科学领域的未来科学奖。）”以及倒数第二段“He Kaiming, Sun Jian, Ren Shaoqing, Zhang Xiangyu received the Future Science Prize in mathematics and computer science, for their extraordinary contributions to artificial intelligence by introducing deep residual learning (深度残差学习).（何恺明、孙剑、任少卿、张祥雨因引入深度残差学习对人工智能的杰出贡献而荣获数学和计算机科学未来科学奖）”可知，八位科学家因为他们对科学的卓越贡献获奖。故选C项。 29. 推理判断题。根据第三段“ He emphasized that this recognition was not only for himself but also for the team’s years of hard work. ‘My cooperation with Professor Zhou has lasted for nearly 20 years. Our partnership has been productive and enjoyable, and I believe our cooperation will carry on,’ he said.（他强调，这种认可不仅是对自己的认可，也是对团队多年努力的认可。‘我和周教授的合作已经持续了近20年。我们的合作伙伴关系富有成效且令人愉快，我相信我们的合作将会继续下去。’）”可知，根据 Chai 的说法，合作促成了他们的发现。故选D项。 30. 词义猜测题。根据第五段“Zhao Zhongxian and Chen Xianhui received the Future Science Prize in physical sciences for their influential breakthroughs in the discovery of high-temperature superconducting materials and systematic advancements in elevating the transition temperature. Notably, both Zhao and Chen conducted systematic studies to show the underlying physical mechanisms of high Tc materials, positioning themselves at the forefront of superconductor research for several years.（赵忠贤和陈仙辉因在发现高温超导材料方面取得的具有影响力的突破以及在提高转变温度方面的系统性进展而获得物理科学领域的未来科学奖。值得注意的是，赵和陈都进行了系统研究，揭示了高温材料的潜在物理机制，多年来一直处于超导研究的前沿。）”可知，他们的研究，揭示了高温材料的潜在物理机制，是开创性的。故选A项。 31. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Eight scientists were awarded the 2023 Future Science Prize, also called “China’s Nobel Prize”, the first Chinese non-governmental science award jointly initiated by groups of scientists and entrepreneurs (企业家).（8名科学家荣获被誉为“中国诺贝尔奖”的2023年未来科学奖，这是中国首个由科学家和企业家团体共同发起的民间科学奖项）”以及最后一段“The 2023 Future Science Prize Week and the Award Ceremony were held in Hong Kong from October 14 to 17.（2023年未来科学颁奖周暨颁奖典礼于10月14日至17日在香港举行。）”可知，本文为了介绍2023年被称为“中国诺贝尔奖”的未来科学奖。故选D项。 D Roald Hoffmann, a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, poet and playwright (剧作家), is a tireless advocate of the wonders of science and the beauty of chemistry. Hoffmann successfully shares his understanding of science with the public at large through literature, educational television and even the stage. Here is an article he wrote: Around the time of the Industrial Revolution, science left poetry. Nature and the personal became the main playground of the poet. That’s too bad for both scientists and poets, but it leaves lots of open ground for those of us who can move between the two. If one can write poetry about being a tree, why not about being a scientist? It’s experience, a way of life. It’s exciting. The language of science is a language under stress. Words are being made to describe things that seem indescribable in words — equations (方程式), chemical structures and so forth. Words do not, cannot mean all that they stand for, yet they are all we have to describe experience. By being a natural language under tension, the language of science is inherently (内在地) poetic. Emotions emerge shaped as states of matter and more interestingly, matter acts out what goes on in the soul. One thing is certainly not true: that scientists have some greater insight into the workings of nature than poets. Interestingly, I find that many humanists deep down feel that scientists have such inner knowledge that they don’t. Perhaps we scientists do, but in such carefully circumscribed pieces of the universe, poetry flies high, all around the tangible (有形的), in the deep dark, through a world we reveal and make. It should be said that building a career in poetry is much harder than in science. In the best chemical journal in the world, the acceptance rate for full articles is 65%, for communications 35%. In a routine literary journal, far from the best, the acceptance rate for poems is below 5%. Writing has become increasingly important to me. I expect to publish four books for a general or literary audience in the next few years. Science will be involved, but only as a part, a vital part, of the risky project of being human. 32. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. A way of life. B. The Industrial Revolution. C. The main playground of the poet. D. The separation of science from poetry. 33. What can we learn about science language? A. Humanists never use it. B. It shows scientists’ emotions. C. It is a special way of description. D. Its words stand for everything. 34. What method does Roald Hoffmann mainly use to develop the text? A. Comparative analysis. B. Giving examples. C. Cause-effect analysis. D. Process explanation. 35. What may be the best title for the text? A. The Life of Roald Hoffmann B. Roald Hoffmann’s Views on Science and Poetry C. The Difference of Nature and Art D. The Development of Science Language 【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要为Roald Hoffmann对于科学和诗歌的一些个人看法。 32. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Around the time of the Industrial Revolution, science left poetry. Nature and the personal became the main playground of the poet. That’s too bad for both scientists and poets (在工业革命前后，科学留下了诗歌。自然和个人成了诗人的主要活动场所。这对科学家和诗人来说都太糟糕了)”以及后文“If one can write poetry about being a tree, why not about being a scientist?(如果一个人可以写关于成为一棵树的诗，为什么不能写关于成为科学家的诗呢？)”可知，科学和诗歌分离对于科学家和诗人来说都太糟糕了，但科学和诗歌分离为我们这些可以在两者之间移动的人留下了很多开放的空间。故划线词指的是“科学与诗歌的分离”。故选D。 33. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Words are being made to describe things that seem indescribable in words — equations (方程式), chemical structures and so forth. Words do not, cannot mean all that they stand for, yet they are all we have to describe experience. By being a natural language under tension, the language of science is inherently (内在地) poetic.(语言被用来描述那些似乎无法用语言描述的事物——方程式、化学结构等等。词语并不，也不可能代表它们所代表的一切，但它们是我们用来描述经验的全部。作为一种张力下的自然语言，科学语言具有内在的诗意)”可知，科学语言中是一种特殊的描述方式。故选C。 34. 推理判断题。根据第四段“One thing is certainly not true: that scientists have some greater insight into the workings of nature than poets.(有一件事肯定是不正确的:科学家对自然的运作比诗人更有洞察力)”以及第五段“It should be said that building a career in poetry is much harder than in science.(应该说，从事诗歌事业要比从事科学事业难得多)”可推知，罗尔德·霍夫曼主要通过比较分析来展开文章。故选A。 35. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Roald Hoffmann, a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, poet and playwright (剧作家), is a tireless advocate of the wonders of science and the beauty of chemistry. Hoffmann successfully shares his understanding of science with the public at large through literature, educational television and even the stage. Here is an article he wrote:(诺贝尔化学奖得主、诗人和剧作家罗尔德·霍夫曼孜孜不倦地倡导科学奇迹和化学之美。霍夫曼通过文学、教育电视甚至舞台成功地与公众分享了他对科学的理解。下面是他写的一篇文章)”结合文章主要为Roald Hoffmann对于科学和诗歌的一些个人看法。可知，B选项“罗尔德·霍夫曼的科学与诗歌观”最符合文章标题。故选B。 第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Specifically, citizen science is when the public voluntarily helps conduct scientific research. Citizen scientists may design experiments, collect data, analyze results, and solve problems. 36 These data help professional scientists and resource managers answer scientific questions and solve important problems. And the activity helps participants build meaningful connections to science. Anyone can be a citizen scientist, regardless of where they’re from. 37 All it takes is some time, curiosity, and a sense of wonder. Why does the national parks support citizen science? For two reasons —good management of parks, and good experiences for visitors. 38 Sometimes the best way to get that information is through citizen science projects. For example, managers might need to know when certain kinds of plants bloom. Data on flower timing can help them know which butterflies need special protection. They might not have enough time to count all those flowers across the park. But hundreds of visitors hiking in the park can do. Citizen science is also a way for visitors to enjoy and learn about science and their parks. 39 Citizen science helps the national parks fill that role. One of the best ways to learn science is to do science. And by doing science, people can appreciate their parks in new ways. For most projects in national parks, it’s the professional scientists and managers who decide what topic is important, how to study it, and how to use the results. The public— who may range from park visitors to student groups or local community members is invited, encouraged, and enabled to participate. 40 There are many citizen science park projects, and there will be more in the future. A. They typically do so by collecting data. B. In national parks, most citizen scientists collect data. C. And these participants can use their own way to study. D. It doesn’t matter how old you are or what your background is. E. There is a lot of information about the role of citizen scientists. F. The national parks have a public education role and responsibility. G. For good management, the parks use the best available scientific information. 【答案】36. B 37. D 38. G 39. F 40. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公民科学家的定义、任务，这个称呼的由来，以及国家公园需要公民科学家的原因。 36. 根据前文“Citizen scientists may design experiments, collect data, analyze results, and solve problems. （公民科学家可以设计实验，收集数据，分析结果并解决问题。）”和后文“These data help professional scientists and resource managers answer scientific questions and solve important problems. （这些数据帮助专业科学家和资源经理回答科学问题并解决重要问题。）”可知，横线处的内容起承上启下的作用，要提到data。B选项“在国家公园，大多数公民科学家收集数据。” collect data符合语境。故选B。 37. 根据前文“Anyone can be a citizen scientist, regardless of where they’re from.（任何人都可以成为公民科学家，无论他们来自哪里。） ”中提到任何人都可以成为公民科学家，和下文“All it takes is some time, curiosity, and a sense of wonder.（所需要的只是一些时间，好奇心和惊奇感。）”可知，横线处的句子要承上启下，因此判断D选项“这与你的年龄和背景无关。”可以承接上文，引出下文。故选D。 38. 根据第三段“Why does the national parks support citizen science? For two reasons —good management of parks, and good experiences for visitors.（为什么国家公园支持公民科学？原因有二-公园的良好管理，以及为游客提供良好的体验。）”可知，国家公园使用公民科学家的两个原因分别是：公园完善的管理和游客良好的体现。且第五段提及了第二个原因“Citizen science is also a way for visitors to enjoy and learn about science and their parks.（公民科学也是游客享受和了解科学及其公园的一种方式。）”，由此推断第四段开头是第一个原因，横线处要填选项与公园管理有关。G选项“为了更好的管理，公园使用最好的可用科学信息”符合语境。故选G。 39. 根据后文“Citizen science helps the national parks fill that role. One of the best ways to learn science is to do science.（公民科学帮助国家公园填补了这一角色。学习科学的最好方法之一就是做科学。）”判断横线处应该和国家公园的任务、角色有关，由此推断F选项“国家公园具有公共教育的作用和责任。”符合语境。故选F。 40. 由前句“The public— who may range from park visitors to student groups or local community members is invited, encouraged, and enabled to participate.（公众，从公园游客到学生团体或当地社区成员，被邀请，鼓励和启用参与。）”提到公众被鼓励去参与科学项目，后面应该提到他们如何参加，由此推断A选项“他们通常通过收集数据来做到这一点。”可以承接上文。故选A。 第II卷（非选择题） 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When I studied in my high school, I did an experiment about how the temperature affected the growth of a plant. That experiment made me 41 that science teaches us the domino effect (多米诺效应) in the environment. It teaches people our 42 so we know where we are from. That day I 43 decided to be a scientist and that will be my greatest ambition in life. Ever since that day I have studied harder 44 in all my science-related subjects. After school I do much research on how I can become a 45 scientist in the future. One of my 46 in becoming a scientist is Barbara McClintock. She has been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. At 25 she already had her PhD in botany and after that she started her 47 as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics (玉米细胞遗传学) and she was 48 to that research for the rest of her life. If I am lucky and given the 49 to achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock. She 50 something that helped the other scientists 51 the thing about genetics that did not just help her generation but also the future generation. I know I will be able to achieve my 52 as long as I put my heart and perseverance into it. If I am lucky enough to achieve my goal, I will share my 53 with all the kids who also love science and want to become scientists. My future will be as 54 as the stars in the night sky. My future is still far but I will make the most of all in the 55 to achieve my greatest ambition of becoming a scientist. 41. A. doubt B. realize C. wonder D. value 42. A. school B. origin C. growth D. study 43. A. easily B. hardly C. partly D. firmly 44. A. especially B. possibly C. properly D. separately 45. A. happy B. popular C. careful D. real 46. A. experiences B. persuasions C. inspirations D. generations 47. A. career B. attempt C. praise D. science 48. A. devoted B. invited C. linked D. attached 49. A. reason B. freedom C. right D. opportunity 50. A. heard B. expected C. discovered D. awarded 51. A. set out B. figure out C. stick out D. take out 52. A. fame B. reward C. dream D. stage 53. A. information B. decision C. light D. fortune 54. A. bright B. capable C. proud D. brave 55. A. lesson B. mind C. present D. heart 【答案】41. B 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. C 【解析】本文是记叙文。作者通过实验认识到科学教给我们环境中的多米诺效应，并决定成为科学家。她的榜样是1983年获得诺贝尔医学奖的芭芭拉·麦克林托克，希望自己能和她一样做出有益的发现。她会坚持努力，将来会与有志青年分享幸运。 41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个实验让我意识到科学教会了我们环境中的多米诺骨牌效应。A. doubt怀疑；B. realize意识到；C. wonder想知道；D. value重视。根据前文“That experiment”以及后文“science teaches us the domino effect (多米诺效应) in the environment.”结合选项可知，“实验让我意识到科学教会了我们环境中的多米诺骨牌效应”符合语境，引发后文让作者决定成为科学家。故选B项。 42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它告诉人们我们的起源，这样我们就知道我们来自哪里。A. school学校；B. origin起源；C. growth增长；D. study学习。根据后文“we know where we are from”可知，让我们知道我们来自哪里，所以是告诉我们起源。故选B项。 43. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天，我坚定地决定成为一名科学家，这将是我一生中最大的抱负。A. easily容易地；B. hardly几乎不；C. partly部分地；D. firmly坚定地。根据后文“Ever since that day I have studied harder 44 in all my science-related subjec ts.”可知，作者更加努力地学习，特别是在所有与科学相关的科目上，所以是坚定的想成为一名科学家。故选D项。 44. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我更加努力地学习，特别是在所有与科学相关的科目上。A. especially特别；B. possibly可能；C. properly适当地；D. separately分别地。根据前文“That day I 　43　decided to be a scientist and that will be my greatest ambition in life.”可知，作者坚定的想成为一名科学家，所以他特别是在所有与科学相关的科目上会更努力地学习。故选A项。 45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：放学后，我做了很多关于如何在未来成为一名真正的科学家的研究。A. happy快乐的；B. popular流行的；C. careful小心；D. real真正的。根据前文“That day I 　43　 decided to be a scientist and that will be my greatest ambition in life.”可知，作者坚定地决定成为一名科学家，所以是做了很多关于如何在未来成为一名真正的科学家的研究。故选D项。 46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我成为科学家的灵感之一来自芭芭拉·麦克林托克。A. experiences经历；B. persuasions说服；C. inspirations灵感；D. generations代。根据后文“achieve my ambition as a scientist, I want to be like Doctor McClintock”可知，作者想成为像芭芭拉·麦克林托克博士那样的人，所以是作者成为科学家的灵感之一。故选C项。 47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：25岁时，她已经获得了植物学博士学位，之后，她开始了自己的职业生涯，成为玉米细胞遗传学发展的领导者，并将她的余生献给了这项研究。A. career事业；B. attempt企图；C. praise赞扬；D. science科学。根据后文“as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics”可知，成为玉米细胞遗传学发展的领导者应是她的事业。故选A项。 48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：25岁时，她已经获得了植物学博士学位，之后，她开始了自己的职业生涯，成为玉米细胞遗传学发展的领导者，并将她的余生献给了这项研究。A. devoted奉献；B. invited邀请；C. linked联系；D. attached把…附。根据后文“the rest of her life”结合选项，应是“将她的余生献给了这项研究”符合语境，be devoted to为固定搭配意为“献身于”。故选A项。 49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我很幸运，有机会实现我作为一名科学家的抱负，我想成为麦克林托克博士那样的人。A. reason原因；B. freedom自由；C. right正确；D. opportunity机会。根据前文“If I am lucky and given”以及后文“to achieve my ambition as a scientist”可知，此处是作者在做假设，根据选项，应是“有机会实现我作为一名科学家的抱负”符合语境。故选D项。 50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她发现了一些东西，帮助其他科学家弄清楚了遗传学的事情，这不仅对她这一代人有帮助，而且对后代也有帮助。A. heard听到；B. expected预期；C. discovered发现；D. awarded奖励。根据前文“She has been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”可知，麦克林托克获得若贝尔奖，而根据常识，获奖是因为发现了一些东西。故选C项。 51. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她发现了一些东西，帮助其他科学家弄清楚了遗传学的事情，这不仅对她这一代人有帮助，而且对后代也有帮助。A set out出发；B. figure out理解，弄清楚；C. stick out伸出；D. take out除掉。根据前文“She has been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.”可知，麦克林托克获得若贝尔奖，所以她发现的东西应是帮助其他科学家弄清楚了遗传学的事情，才能获奖。故选B项。 52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道只要我把我的心和毅力投入其中，我就能实现我的梦想。A. fame名声；B. reward奖励；C. dream梦想；D. stage阶段。根据后文“I put my heart and perseverance into it.”可知，作者把心和毅力投入其中，是为了实现成为科学家的梦想。故选C项。 53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我幸运地实现了我的目标，我将与所有同样热爱科学并想成为科学家的孩子们分享我的好运。A. information信息；B. decision决定；C. light光线；D. fortune好运。根据前文“If I am lucky enough to achieve my goal”可知，此处是说作者如果好运成为了科学家，他也会愿意把自己的好运分享给所有同样热爱科学并想成为科学家的孩子们。故选D项。 54. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的未来会像夜空中的星星一样明亮。A. bright明亮的；B. capable有能力；C. proud自豪的；D. brave勇敢的。根据后文“the stars in the night sky”可知，像星星一样，应该是明亮的。故选A项。 55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的未来还很遥远，但我会充分利用现在的一切来实现我成为一名科学家的最大抱负。A. lesson课程；B. mind大脑；C. present现在；D. heart心脏。根据前文“My future is still far”可知，作者的未来还很遥远，所以作者应是利用现在的一切来实现她的梦想。故选C项。 第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the Spring Festival holiday, The Wandering Earth II, a science-fiction movie that includes some rather new concepts such as nuclear fusion (核聚变) technology and the sun’s life cycle, had a rocket-fueled box office of 2.3 billion yuan within seven days of being put on the big screen. The figure has reached 3.65 billion yuan, 56 (make) it the 10th biggest earner in Chinese box-office history. The film 57 (arouse) hot debate among scientists and science-fiction writers since it came out. La Zi, editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, a 43-year-old magazine, says, “Only when people are familiar 58 astronautic technologies will science fiction gain 59 (popular).” 60 (compare) to past works, both episodes of The Wandering Earth include quite a few imagined technologies that need basic scientific knowledge to understand. In the latest one, There is a “space elevator” that enables astronauts to complete their trips to space by taking an elevator instead of a rocket. On various platforms, there are discussions about 61 such an elevator is possible. For Zhou, such discussions themselves mean the public has a taste for science. La Zi points out, too, that while pop science is 62 (main) about existing technologies, science fiction is about ones that cannot be realized in the near future. “The farther away it is from today, the 63 (wild) the writer’s imagination can be,” he says. China is one of the leading countries for scientific research and 64 (technology) development, 65 inspires more and more young people in China in the future. 【答案】56. making 57. has aroused 58. with 59. popularity 60. Compared 61. whether 62. mainly 63. wilder 64. technological 65. which 【解析】本文是新闻报道。主要介绍了科幻电影《流浪地球2》的成绩和影响。 56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一数字达到了36.5亿元，使其成为中国票房史上第10大票房。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has reached，所以make用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是前文提到的事，为主动关系，描述的是客观事实，所以应该用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填making。 57. 考查动词时态。句意：这部电影自上映以来就在科学家和科幻作家中引起了激烈的争论。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以arouse作本句谓语，主语是film，为第三人称单数，两者是主动关系，根据标志词since可知，应该用现在完成时。故填has aroused。 58. 考查介词。句意：有43年历史的《科幻世界》杂志主编喇子说:“只有当人们熟悉航天技术时，科幻小说才会流行起来。”分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be familiar with意为“熟悉”。故填with。 59. 考查名词。句意：有43年历史的《科幻世界》杂志主编喇子说:“只有当人们熟悉航天技术时，科幻小说才会流行起来。”分析句子结构可知，本句是only开头的倒装句，gain是主句谓语，所以空处应填名词作宾语，popular的名词形式是popularity。故填popularity。 60. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与过去的作品相比，《流浪地球》和《流浪地球2》都包含了相当多需要基本科学知识才能理解的想象技术。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词include，所以compare用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是both episodes of The Wandering Earth，两者是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Compared。 61. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：在各个平台上，人们都在讨论这样的电梯是否可行。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，根据句意，此处表达“是否”之意，应用whether引导。故填whether。 62. 考查副词。句意：喇子还指出，流行科学主要是关于现有的技术，而科幻小说则是关于在不久的将来无法实现的技术。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰整个句子应该用副词修饰，main的副词形式是mainly。故填mainly。 63. 考查形容词。句意：离今天越远，作家的想象力就越丰富。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定句型：the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越……，就越……”。故填wilder。 64. 考查形容词。句意：中国是科学研究和技术发展的领先国家之一，这在未来激励着越来越多的中国年轻人。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，technology的形容词形式是technological。故填technological。 65. 考查形容词。句意：中国是科学研究和技术发展的领先国家之一，这在未来激励着越来越多的中国年轻人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的整句话，用which引导。故填which。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 最近，你校即将举行以“Science and Scientists”为主题的科技节。你的英国朋友David对此非常感兴趣，请你根据以下内容，写一封信向其介绍相关情况。 Time:May 15, 2021—May 25, 2021 Participants: •students and teachers Activities: •attend the opening ceremony •design a model plane •enjoy the lectures on science •take part in the competition of telling stories about scientists Aims: •develop teamwork •improve students’ interest in science 注意：1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息； 2.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, How is everything going? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear David, How is everything going? The annual science festival will be held in our school. I'm writing to inform you about it. The festival with the theme “science and scientists” starts on May 15 and ends on May 25. All the students as well as the teachers are invited to take part in it. There will be various kinds of activities during this period. On the first day, we will attend the opening ceremony, where the headmaster will deliver a speech. On the second day, students will design their model planes, which will be on display. In the evenings, we students will enjoy the lectures on science made by university professors. On the last day, candidates will take part in the competition of telling stories about scientists. The festival is to develop teamwork and to improve students’ interest in science. Hope you can be one of the science fans. Yours, Li Hua 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友David写封信，介绍以“Science and Scientists”为主题的科技节。 【详解】1.词汇积累 告诉：tell→inform 发表演讲：make/give a speech→deliver a speech 促进：promote→improve 参加：participate in= take part in 2.句式拓展：简单句变复合句 原句：The festival with the theme “science and scientists” starts on May 15 and ends on May 25. 拓展句：The festival whose the theme is “science and scientists” starts on May 15 and ends on May 25. 【点睛】 [高分句型1] On the second day, students will design their model planes, which will be on display. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] The festival is to develop teamwork and to improve students' interest in science. (运用了不定式作表语) 第二节 （满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Truman’s parents were scientists, and he also wanted to be a scientist, so he was determined to be at the top of science subject. With only one week and one assignment to go before the summer holiday, Truman knew that to secure the top spot, his final report had to shine. The topic was beehives (蜂巢), a subject that Mrs. Lawrence, his teacher, had emphasized the need for a unique perspective to earn an A+. Truman opened the door to find his four-year-old brother, Bryan, who sat on the floor in the living room with paper tubes all over the floor. Bryan called, “Truman, help me build a city!” With a sigh, Truman replied, “I’m sorry, Bryan, but I have to write a report about beehives.” Stepping carefully between the scattered tubes, he went into his room, deep in thought about his project. Shortly after, Bryan appeared at the door, his eyes sparkling (发亮). “Truman, I know where there’s a beehive,” he said. Truman followed Bryan to the garage where they found a real beehive hidden among the firewood. Bending down, he removed the beehive from the wood. As Truman examined it closely, he was fascinated by the hexagonal (六边形的) structure of each cell. “Why the hexagon?” he thought. After dinner, Truman did the dishes. He glanced at the clock. If he didn’t think of something soon, his chance to get an A+ would be slim. As Truman turned around, he stepped on something. He hadn’t seen Bryan play with paper tubes behind him. “Get your tubes out of here, Bryan!” Truman said angrily. Bryan ran into the living room, crying. Truman sighed and gathered the paper tubes. Suddenly, he found that they were arranged with one in the middle and surrounded by six others. They reminded Truman of the beehive. The center tube formed a hexagon, just like the cells of the hive. Truman tried to use different numbers of tubes to surround the center tube, and then Truman got the new angle. But what else did he need to accompany his report? Maybe a model beehive! 注意： 1.续写词数应为 150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Thinking about this, Truman rushed into the living room, his heart pounding. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bryan smiled and began picking out his tubes. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version： Thinking about this, Truman rushed into the living room, his heart pounding. He threw his arms around his brother, his voice trembling with sincerity, “Bryan, I’m deeply sorry that I lost my temper. I never intended to hurt you. And from the bottom of my heart, I thank you.” He continued to tell his brother that these tubes had given him ideas, helping him find his perspective. Therefore, he can finally complete the report! “But,” Truman said, “I have to build a model beehive with these tubes. Can you help me?” “Well,” Bryan said hesitantly, with tears on his face. “You can help me glue them,” Truman offered. Bryan smiled and began picking out his tubes. Truman opened the drawer near the TV, grabbed a bottle of glue, and showed his brother how to stick the paper tubes. Working together, they made a model beehive. As they compared their creation to the real beehive in the garage, they agreed it was flawless. With his newfound focus, Truman completed his report well ahead of time, introducing a fresh perspective that fascinated his classmates. Mrs. Lawrence awarded him an A+ and praised his efforts in front of the entire class, leaving Truman feeling proud. 【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述Truman准备暑假作一个主题为蜂巢的报道，但他无法解释为什么蜂巢里的蜂窝都是六边形的，直到他看到弟弟玩的纸筒，有了启发。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“想到这里，Truman冲进客厅，心跳加速。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：Truman向弟弟道歉，并邀请弟弟一起做一个蜂箱模型。 ②由第二段首句内容“Bryan笑了笑，开始挑选他的管子。”可以预测续写这段主要内容：Bryan和哥哥一起完成蜂箱模型，Truman完成自己的报道并受到老师的表扬。 2.续写线索： Truman向弟弟道歉——邀请弟弟一起做一个蜂箱模型——Bryan同意帮忙—— Truman完成报道——受到老师的表扬 3.词汇激活行为类 ①发脾气：lose one’s temper/get angry /fly into a temper ②帮助：help /assist/aid ③完成：complete/finish/accomplish 心理类 ①遗憾的：sorry/regretful ②迟疑地：hesitantly/uncertainly 【点睛】 [高分句型1] He continued to tell his brother that these tubes had given him ideas, helping him find his perspective.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和现在分词作状语） [高分句型2] “Well,” Bryan said hesitantly, with tears on his face. （运用了with的复合结构） [高分句型3] As they compared their creation to the real beehive in the garage, they agreed it was flawless. （运用as引导的时间状语从句和省略that的宾语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null