内容正文:
Unit 1 A new start
单词
1.缺乏;没有 prep. without
2.句子 n. sentence
3.开始(做某事) start
4.错误 n. mistake
5.有礼貌的,客气的 adj.polite
6.头脑;思想,思维 n. mind
7.她的 pron. hers
8.干的,干燥的 adj. dry
9.意义;意思;含义 n. meaning
10.事实;真相 n. fact
11.重要的,重大的 adj. important
12.记住,记得 v. remember
13.很,十分 adv. really
14.宽的,宽阔的 adj. wide
15.(肉体上的)疼,痛,疼痛 n.pain
16.好处,利益,改进 n. gain
17.穿过,通过 prep. through
18.暴风雨(雪)n. storm
19.希望,期望,指望 v. hope
20.风 n. wind
21.问题,难题;困难 n. problem
22.意见,建议;忠告,劝告 n. advice
23.(学校的)课题,研究项目 n.project
24.工作,任务 n. task
25.旅行,旅程;历程,过程 n. journey
26.一起,共同,一齐,一块儿 adv. together
27.水塘,水洼 n. pool
28.起航 v. sail
29.朝另一方向 adv. away
30.意见,主意,观点 n. thought
31.生活 n. life
32.保护,防护 v. protect
短语
1.写下,记下 write down
2.指出,指明 point out
3.跳入 jump into
4.朝上看 look up at
5.思考,考虑 think about
6.举手 put up one’s hand
7.做得好 well done
8.事实上 in fact
9.犯错误 make a mistake/mistakes
10.主要思想 main idea
11.语法规则 grammar rules
12.我的一个新朋友a new friend of mine
13.上一节好课 have a great lesson
14.变红 turn red
15.使某人做某事 make sb.do sth.
16.代表 stand for
17.在……的帮助下with the help of...
18.添加……到……add...to...
19.尽某人最大努力try one’s best
20.通过,穿过 go through
21.好好利用 make good use of
22.把……变成 turn...into
23.一天天,逐渐地 day by day
24.给某人一些建议give sb.some advice
25.第一条建议 the first piece of advice
26.按时,准时 on time
27.当然,自然 of course
28.和某人分享……share...with sb.
29.为……做准备 be ready for...
30.小学 primary school
31.保护……不受…… protect...from...
32.面对新困难 ace new problems
33.你自己 by yourself
句型
1.学而不思则罔。
Learning without thinking is of no use.
2.请把这(句话)写下来。
Please write this down.
3.但是指出这个错误合适吗?
But is it OK to point out the mistake?
4.在学习方面多思考很重要。
It’s important to think more in your learning.
5.他要求我们介绍自己。
He asked us to introduce ourselves.
6.但是潘老师恰好带着微笑看着我。
But Mr Pan just looked at me with a smile.
7.他聪明的言语使我感觉更好。
His clever words made me feel better.
8.今天有很多作业。
There is a lot of homework today.
9.很难决定先做什么。
It’s hard to decide what to do first.
10.完成一本书籍报告花费一个月时间。
It takes one month to finish a book report.
11.不劳无获。
No pain, no gain.
12.你准备好迎接你的新生活了吗?
Are you ready for your new life?
13.你将会穿过风暴,驶向大海。
You will go through storms towards the sea.
14.我们把这封信制作成一个新纸船。
We made this letter into a new paper boat.
15.我们希望在未来的几年里它会帮到你!
We hope it helps you in the coming years!
语法
1.人称代词
2. 物主代词
一、知识点清单
1.important adj. 重要的;权威的;影响很大的;有重大影响的
【典型例句】
Listening is an important part of the job.
倾听是这项工作的一个重要部分。
It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions.
遵照厂家的说明很重要。
The important thing is to keep trying.
重要的是要不断尝试。
【知识拓展】
(1)importantly adv.重要地;大量地;有名望地;自命不凡地
importance n.价值;重要;重大
(2)play an important role起重要作用;发挥重要作用;扮演重要的角色
very important非常重要;首先要学会宽容;很重要;更新公告
most important最重要的;首要的;重要的;主要的
2.point out指出(某物给某人看);指明,指点;说出(事实或错误)完成句子
It's ________________to try and make something of your life.
在一生中有所成就是很重要的。
Parents are ________________ people in a child's world.
父母在儿童的天地里是最重要的人。
I don't think you realize ________________ this is to her.
我认为你没有意识到这对她是多么重要。
Experience is________________ for this job than paper qualifications.
就这项工作而言,经验比纸面上的资格重要。
答案:
It's important to try and make something of your life.
Parents are the most important people in a child's world.
I don't think you realize how important this is to her.
Experience is more important for this job than paper qualifications.
mistake n.错误,过失
【典型例句】
(1)We all too easily point out our mothers' failings.
我们都太过轻易地指出母亲的缺点。
It is hoped that the readers will kindly point out our errors.
敬希读者指正。
He was at great pains to point out my mistake.
他极力指出我的错误。
I didn't point out his real intentions.
我没有点破他的真实意图。
(2)I made a stupid mistake.
我犯了个愚蠢的错误。
There was a mistake over his booking.
他的预订中有个错误。
He's waiting for me to make a mistake.
他正盼着我出错呢。
It's a mistake they almost always make.
这是他们几乎总要犯的错误。
【知识拓展】
by mistake错误地;由疏忽所致;无意地
make a mistake犯错误;出差错;弄错
3. meaning n.意思,意义,含义
【典型例句】完成句子
I wish________________your misrepresentation of the facts.
我想指出你们对事实的曲解。
I ________________ that not one of these paintings is original.
我应当指出,这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
It's easy to________________.
犯错误很容易。
It was one of________________.
这是我犯的许多错误中的一个。
Leaving school so young was ________________of my life.
我一生中最大的错误就是那么年轻就离开了学校。
You must try to learn from ________________.
你得从所犯错误中吸取教训。
答案:
I wish to point out your misrepresentation of the facts.
I should point out that not one of these paintings is original.
It's easy to make a mistake.
It was one of my many mistakes.
Leaving school so young was the biggest mistake of my life.
You must try to learn from your mistakes.
He didn't really get his meaning over to the audience.
他未能完全把他的意思向听众讲清楚。
I don't quite get your meaning.
我不太明白你要说的意思。
Having a child gave new meaning to their lives.
有了一个孩子使得他们的生活有了新的方向。
【知识拓展】
(1)meaning of life生命意义;人生意义
Well-meaning people好心人;有心无力的人
cultural meaning文化含义; 文化意义;文化内涵意义
(2)mean vi.用意;vt.意味;想要;意欲
meaningful adj.有意义的;意味深长的
meaningless adj.无意义的;无目的的
meaningfully adv.有意义地;意味深长地;有意图地
4.in fact 实际上,事实上完成句子
Her life seemed to have lost ________________.
她的生活似乎已毫无价值。
I see what you ________________, but I still think it's worth trying.
我知道你是什么意思,但我仍然认为它值得一试。
The more you read this poem, the more ________________you find it.
这首诗越读越有味儿。
答案:
Her life seemed to have lost all meaning.
I see what you mean, but I still think it's worth trying.
The more you read this poem, the more meaningful you find it.
【典型例句】
In fact, it's very scientific.
事实上,这是非常科学的。
In fact, not all sleepwalkers walk.
事实上,并非所有的梦游者都会站起来走路。
In fact, everyone can make it.
事实上,每个人都能做到。
There are two puzzles, in fact.
事实上有两个谜。
【知识拓展】
in effect事实上:一般用于句中,表示“实际上;事实上”的意思。
in practical实际上:—般用来表示“在实践中﹔实际上,事实上”的含义。
in fact实际上:可作状语或表语,可单独使用,既可用于书面也可用于口语中。
5.praise v.赞美,表扬;n.表扬,赞美完成句子
I didn't fail the exam; ________________I did rather well!
我没有考不及格,事实上,我考得不错!
The theory seems to have no basis________________.
这一理论似乎没有事实根据。
The treatment she received may,________________, have hastened her death.
实际上,她所接受的治疗可能加快了她的死亡。
He thought she was play-acting but________________she had really hurt herself.
他以为她是装出来的,但实际上她真的受了伤。
答案:
I didn't fail the exam; in fact I did rather well!
The theory seems to have no basis in fact.
The treatment she received may, in fact, have hastened her death.
He thought she was play-acting but in fact she had really hurt herself.
【典型例句】
Praise is a great confidence booster.
表扬是一个很好的自信提升剂。
I have nothing but praise for the police.
我对警察只有赞扬。
He deserves the highest praise for his bravery.
他为其勇敢应该得到至高的赞扬。
【知识拓展】
praise for因为...赞美
song of praise赞歌
with high praise受到高度赞扬
beyond all praise赞美不完
in praise of赞扬;称赞
6.protect v.保护,防护完成句子
His latest movie has won ________________ from the critics.
他的最新电影得到了评论家的高度赞扬。
He ________________ his team for their performance.
他称赞了各队员的表现。
The judge________________ for his courage and humanity.
法官的勇气和人道受到称赞。
答案:
His latest movie has won high praise from the critics.
He praised his team for their performance.
The judge was praised for his courage and humanity.
【典型例句】
We have a moral obligation to protect the environment.
我们有道义责任保护环境。
My main concern now is to protect the children.
我现在最关心的是保护这些孩子。
Zinc is used to protect other metals from corrosion.
锌被用来保护其他金属免受腐蚀。
【知识拓展】
prevent…from是一个固定短语,意为“阻止…做…”。它用于表达阻止某人进行某种行为的目的。在使用时,from后面通常接名词或动词的现在分词结构,表示被阻止的对象或行为。如果句子中存在动宾关系,from后面则要用被动形式,即prevent sb. from being done。这个短语强调的是预先的阻止行为,常用于表达预防或防止某种不良后果发生的意图。
例如,句子“The heavy snow prevented us from going out for sports.”(大雪阻止了我们外出活动。)中,prevent…from结构用于表达由于天气原因,人们不能进行预定的体育活动。这里,from后面的going out for sports是被动形式,表示被阻止的行为。
此外,prevent…from结构在被动语态中使用时,from不可以省略。例如,正确的表达是“The heavy snow prevented our going out for sports.”,而不是“The heavy snow prevented us going out for sports.”。这是因为prevent…from结构在被动语态中保持其完整性,以清晰地表达出阻止的行为和被阻止的对象。
7.by yourself独自一人,没有其他人的帮助完成句子
These regulations were made________________children.
这些规章制度是为了保护儿童而制订的。
It's important to________________ my fair skin________________the sun.
保护我白皙的皮肤不受日晒是很重要的。
答案:
These regulations were made to protect children.
It's important to protect my fair skin from the sun.
【典型例句】
Are you sure you did this exercise by yourself?
这个练习真是你自己做的吗?
You should deal with it by yourself.
你应该自己处理。
It's more important to learn it by yourself.
自学更重要。
【知识拓展】
by oneself主要表示“独自地,独立地”。这个短语强调一个人独立地完成某事,不依赖他人的帮助。具体来说,by oneself的用法可以体现在以下几个方面:
(1)独自行动:当表示某人独自一人进行某项活动时,可以使用by oneself。例如,句子“She likes to take a walk by herself.”(她喜欢独自散步。)中的“by herself”就表达了这一意思。
(2)独立完成任务:在描述某人独立完成某项任务或工作时,也可以使用by oneself。例如,“I built this house by myself.”(我自己建了这栋房子。)表明整个建筑过程没有他人的参与。
(3)自动进行:虽然这一用法相对较少,但在某些情况下,by oneself也可以用来描述某事自动发生,例如“The door opened by itself.”(门自己开了。)
(4)省略用法:在某些情况下,by oneself中的“by”可以被省略,而句子的意思保持不变。例如,“The boy came to the shop himself.”(这个男孩自己来到了商店。)在这里,虽然省略了“by”,但意思仍然是强调男孩独自一人来到商店。
总结来说,by oneself是一个非常实用的短语,用于表达某人或某事独自进行某项活动或任务的情况。它在日常交流和写作中广泛使用,帮助人们更准确地表达独立行动的概念。
8.go through经过某过程;经历,经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期);走(流程或固定程序);通读,彻查;(法律、协议等)被通过,(正式决定)被批准完成句子
You can also clean your room________________.
你也可以亲自打扫你的房间。
Reading is not only something you enjoy________________.
阅读不仅仅是自我享受的事情。
Sam, did you really fix the computer________________?
山姆,你真的自己把电脑修好了吗?
答案:
You can also clean your room by yourself.
Reading is not only something you enjoy by yourself.
Sam, did you really fix the computer by yourself?
【典型例句】
Foods which go through a factory process lose much of their colour, flavour and texture.
经过工厂加工的食品会失去许多色泽、味道和质地。
Don't worry about the baby not wanting to leave you ─ it's a stage they go through.
宝宝不肯离开你别担心,他们总要经过这个阶段。
The deal did not go through.
这笔交易未谈成。
Go through this gate, and you'll see the house on your left.
你穿过这道大门,就看到左面的房子了。
【知识拓展】
go through 和go across在用法上有明显的区别。go through"通常指的是从物体的内部穿过,比如穿过森林或从一个地方到另一个地方的全程通过,它强调的是立体空间的穿越。例如,你可以说"He went through a forest",表示他穿过了一片森林,这涉及到从森林的一端到另一端的全程通过。
相比之下,go across"则侧重于从平面空间的穿越,通常指的是从一处走到另一处,但不强调立体空间的穿越,比如横穿马路或街道。它更多地指的是在表面上的移动,不涉及到通过物体的内部。例如,"Go across the road" 表示从马路的一边走到另一边,但"go through the road"则可能涉及到从马路的一端到另一端的全程通过。
总结来说,go through和go across的主要区别在于它们所强调的空间穿越方式不同,"go through" 强调从物体内部穿过,而go across主要强调在平面空间上的穿越。
完成句子
Most teenagers ________________a period of rebelling.
大多数青少年都要经历一段叛逆期。
I don't ever want to________________anything like that again.
我不想再经历那样的事了。
Actors ________________ the motions of different types of labor.
演员们假装从事不同的劳动。
答案:
Most teenagers go through a period of rebelling.
I don't ever want to go through anything like that again.
Actors go through the motions of different types of labor.
9.stand for (1)代表,象征:表示某事物代表或象征另一事物;(2)支持,拥护:表示对某人或某事物的支持或拥护;(3)忍受,容忍:表示能够忍受或容忍某事物。
【典型例句】
What do two "ninths" meeting together stand for?
两个“九”聚在一起代表什么?
The new teacher won't stand for any nonsense.
这位新教师不会容忍任何无礼行为。
I was sitting in the stand for the first game.
我当时正坐在看台上观看首场比赛。
二、语法点清单完成句子
It's outrageous, and we won't ________________ it any more.
这太让人气愤了,我们再也不能容忍下去了。
The symbols of the map key ________________ different places.
地图图例代表着不同的地方。
The letters N, S, E and W ________________north, south, east and west.
字母N、S、E和W分别代表北、南、东和西。
答案:
It's outrageous, and we won't stand for it any more.
The symbols of the map key stand for different places.
The letters N, S, E and W stand for north, south, east and west.
人称代词与物主代词
(一)人称代词
1.概念
人称代词是表示 “你”“我”“他、她、它” 及其复数概念的代词,有人称、数及主格与宾格之分。第二人称单数和复数、主格和宾格同形,都是 you;第三人称单数 it 的主格和宾格同形,都是 it。
2.用法
①作主语用主格
He plays basketball every day.(他每天都打篮球。“他” 在句中作主语,用主格 he)
②作宾语用宾格
动词宾语:My mother loves me.(我妈妈爱我。“我” 在句中作 loves 的宾语,用宾格 me)
介词宾语:The book is for you.(这本书是给你的。“你” 在句中作介词 for 的宾语,用宾格 you)
③作表语,口语中常用宾格:—Who's that? —It's me.(— 那是谁?— 是我。)
④单独使用或作问句简略回答用宾格:—I like reading. —Me too.(— 我喜欢阅读。— 我也是。)
⑤比较状语从句中:在口语中,than、as 后的代词常用宾格;当代词后有动词时要用主格。如:He is taller than me.(他比我高。) She runs as fast as I do.(她跑得和我一样快。)
⑥人称代词并列顺序:一般情况下,单数代词顺序为 you - he - I;复数代词顺序为 we - you - they。如:
You, he and I are good friends.(你、他和我是好朋友。)
We and they are classmates.(我们和他们是同学。)
但在承认错误或承担责任时,第一人称需放在前面,如:It was I and Tom who broke the window.(是我和汤姆打破了窗户。)
(二)物主代词
1.形式
物主代词表示所属关系,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.用法
①形容词性物主代词:起形容词的作用,在句中作定语修饰名词,不可单独使用。如:This is my schoolbag.(这是我的书包。) Her name is Lucy.(她的名字叫露西。)
②名词性物主代词:起名词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,可单独使用,相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。如:
作主语:Mine is on the desk.(我的在桌子上。=My book is on the desk.)
作宾语:I like yours better than mine.(我喜欢你的胜过我的。=I like your book better than my book.)
作表语:The blue bike is his.(那辆蓝色的自行车是他的。=The blue bike is his bike.)
单项选择
1.I went to Mr. Chen’s office to ask ________ some English questions, but ________ wasn’t in.
A.him; she B.her; he C.him; he D.her; she
2.— Mum, can you find Mike’s and my English books?
— Yes. ________ is in the first drawer and ________ is in the second one.
A.Your; he B.Yours; he C.Your; his D.Yours; his
3.Look at those red bags. ________ are all for ________.
A.They; they B.We; you C.They; us D.We; them
4.Our English teacher not only teaches ________ English but also a friend of ________.
A.our; us B.our; ours C.us; us D.us; ours
5.—Who taught ________ history last year?
—Nobody! He learnt it by ________.
A.him; himself B.his; himself C.himself; himself D.his; him
6.Every time I visited West Lake, ________ beautiful sights could always make ________ relax.
A.its; my B.its; me C.it’s; my D.it’s; me
7.My father is an excellent teacher and his students like ________ very much.
A.her B.him C.she D.he
8.—Is this school uniform ________, Tina? I found it in the lost and found box.
—No, it isn’t ________. It’s Tom’s.
A.hers; yours B.your; mine C.yours; mine D.his; mine
9.The Stone Forest in Kunming is unique. ________ rocks look like trees, and ________ attracts many tourists.
A.It/its B.Its/it C.It’s/its D.Its/it’s
10.These are my cousins Bill and Alan. ________ father is my uncle.
A.His B.Their C.Her D.Mine
11.—Are these _________ pencils? —No. They are _________.
A.yours; their B.your; their C.your; theirs D.theirs; ours
12.—Is ________ notebook green?
—No, ________ is blue. Jack’s is green.
A.my, his B.your, mine C.his, my D.your, his
13.—Sally, there is a pencil on the floor. Is it ________?
—Oh... yes. It’s mine. Thank you.
A.my B.your C.mine D.yours
14.—Whose volleyball is this?
—Emma likes volleyball. Maybe it is ______.
A.her B.she’s C.hers D.his
15.— There is a ping-pong bat on the chair. Is it ________?
—No, it isn’t ________. I think it is Malee’s.
A.yours; mine B.you; me C.me; yours D.mine; your
参考答案:
1.C
【解析】句意:我去陈老师的办公室问他一些英语问题,但他不在。
考查代词用法。him他,宾格;she她,主格;her她,宾格;he他,主格。第一个空位于动词“ask”后,指代“Mr. Chen”,用宾格him,作宾语;第二个空位于动词“wasn’t”前,指代“Mr. Chen”,用主格he,作主语。故选C。
2.D
【解析】句意:——妈妈,你能找到迈克和我的英语书吗?——是的。你的在第一个抽屉里,他的在第二个抽屉里。
考查代词辨析。your你的,形容词性物主代词;yours你的,名词性物主代词;he他,人称代词主格;his他的,形容词性或名词性物主代词。根据“is in the first drawer and … is in the second one”可知,都在句子作主语且后面没有要修饰的词,两个空都用名词性物主代词。故选D。
3.C
【解析】句意:看那些红色的包。它们都是给我们的。
考查代词辨析。they它们,主格;we我们,主格;us我们,宾格;them它们,宾格;you你,你们。根据“Look at those red bags. …are all for…”可知,此处说的是那些红包都是我们的,第一个空充当主语,应该用代词主格,指的是“那些红包”,应该用they代指;第二个空充当宾语,指的是“我们”,应该用代词宾格形式us。故选C。
4.D
【解析】句意:我们的英语老师不仅教我们英语,还是我们的朋友。
考查代词辨析。our我们的,形容词性物主代词;us我们,人称代词宾格;ours我们的,名词性物主代词。根据“Our English teacher not only teaches…English”可知,teach sb sth“教某人……”,动词后要用人称代词宾格作宾语,排除A、B项;再根据“a friend of…”可知,“名词+of+名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,因此第二空要用名词性物主代词ours。故选D。
5.A
【解析】句意:——去年谁教他历史?——没人!他自学的。
考查代词辨析。him他,宾格;himself他自己,反身代词;his他的,物主代词。动词teach后接人称代词宾格him;learn by oneself 表示“自学”。故选A。
6.B
【解析】句意:每次我去西湖,它美丽的景色总能让我放松。
考查形容词性物主代词和人称代词宾格。its它的,形容词性物主代词;my“我的”,形容词性物主代词;me我,人称代词宾格;it’s它是。根据“...beautiful sights”可知,空后有名词“sights”,用形容词性物主代词修饰;结合“make...relax.”可知,动词make后用人称代词宾格形式,作宾语。故选B。
7.B
【解析】句意:我父亲是一位优秀的老师,他的学生都非常喜欢他。
考查代词辨析。her她,宾格代词;him他,宾格代词;she她,主格代词;he他,主格代词。动词like后跟宾格代词,排除C/D;由My father可知,用宾格代词him。故选B。
8.C
【解析】句意:——这件校服是你的吗,蒂娜?我在失物招领箱里找到的。 ——不,它不是我的。它是汤姆的。
考查代词辨析。hers她的,名词性物主代词;yours你 (们) 的,名词性物主代词;your你 (们) 的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;his他的,形容词性或名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词,名词性物主代词不跟名词。结合“Is this school uniform…”及语境可知,此处询问对方是不是“你的校服”,且横线后无名词,第一空应用第二人称对应的名词性物主代词yours;又结合“it isn’t…”及语境可知,此处应表示不是“说话者本人的东西”,且横线后无名词,第二空应用第一人称单数形式对应的名词性物主代词mine。故选C。
9.B
【解析】句意:昆明的石林是独一无二的。它的岩石看起来像树,吸引了许多游客。
考查代词辨析。Its它的,形容词性物主代词;it它,主格代词;it’s它是。第一个空后的rocks是名词,需用形容词性的物主代词Its;第二个空是主语的位置,用主格代词it。故选B。
10.B
【解析】句意:这是我的堂兄弟比尔和艾伦。他们的父亲是我叔叔。
考查代词辨析。His他的;Their他们的;Her她,她的;Mine我的。根据“These are my cousins Bill and Alan…father is my uncle.”的语境可知,此处指比尔和艾伦的父亲是我叔叔,B项符合。故选B。
11.C
【解析】句意:——这些是你的铅笔吗?——不。是他们的。
考查代词辨析。yours你的,名词性物主代词;your你的,形容词性物主代词;theirs他们的,名词性物主代词;their他们的,形容词性物主代词。根据“Are these...pencils?”可知,第一空修饰名词pencils,应使用形容词性物主代词,排除选项A和D;根据“They are...”可知,第二空作表语,不修饰名词,应使用名词性物主代词,排除选项B。故选C。
12.B
【解析】句意:——你的笔记本是绿色的吗?——不,我的是蓝色的。杰克的是绿色的。
考查代词辨析。my我的,形容词性物主代词;his他的,形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词;your你的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词。根据“Jack’s is green.”可知第一空问的是“你的”笔记本是绿色的吗,且第一空修饰名词“notebook”,应该填形容词性物主代词your;第二空后没有名词,应该填名词性物主代词mine,指的是“my notebook”。故选B。
13.D
【解析】句意:——萨莉,地板上有一支铅笔。那是你的吗?——噢……是的。是我的。谢谢。
考查物主代词。my我的(形容词性物主代词);your你的(形容词性物主代词);mine我的(名词性物主代词);yours你的(名词性物主代词)。根据“Sally, there is a pencil on the floor. Is it...?”可知,空后无名词,空处应是名词性物主代词,结合答句中的“It’s mine.”,此处应是询问“那是你的铅笔吗”,用yours。故选D。
14.C
【解析】句意:——这是谁的排球?——艾玛喜欢排球,可能是她的。
考查名词性物主代词。her她,宾格或形容词性物主代词;she’s她是;hers她的,名词性物主代词;his他的,形容词或名词性物主代词。根据“Emma likes volleyball”可知,空处是指代艾玛的排球,为女性,且空后无名词,用名词性物主代词hers指代。故选C。
15.A
【解析】句意:——椅子上有一个乒乓球拍。它是你的吗?——不,它不是我的。我认为它是马利的。
考查名词性物主代词。yours你的/ 你们的,名词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;you你/你们;me我;your你的/ 你们的,形容词性物主代词。根据“Is it...?”和“it isn’t...”可知,指代“你的乒乓球拍”和“我的乒乓球拍”,因此应用名词性物主代词。故选A。
三、写作清单
任务1:Complete Mia's reply to her parents
(一)话题分析
完成 Mia 给父母的回信这一主题属于初中英语中典型的书信写作场景,主要围绕七年级学生刚进入初中后的生活展开。核心要素包括向父母表达感谢、描述初中生活与小学的差异、倾诉遇到的问题以及说明自己的解决办法,既考查学生对日常交际用语的掌握,也能体现其对初中生活的观察与表达能力,符合七年级学生的认知水平和语言运用需求。
(二)写作内容
表达感谢:感谢父母的来信,体现对父母的感恩之情。
初中生活差异:从学习科目、课堂氛围、课外活动等方面描述初中生活与小学的不同,比如科目更多、课堂互动更活跃、课外活动更丰富等。
遇到的问题:可以写在学习上(如某一科目难度较大,跟不上进度)、人际交往上(如难以快速融入新集体,交到新朋友)或者时间管理上(如作业增多,难以平衡学习和休息)等方面的困扰。
解决办法:针对提出的问题,说明自己打算采取的措施,如向老师同学请教、主动参加集体活动、制定学习计划等。
(三)写作要点
格式正确:书信开头要有称呼(Dear Dad and Mum,),结尾要有署名(Yours, Mia),注意标点符号的使用。
内容完整:按照框架涵盖感谢、生活差异、问题及解决办法四个部分,不能遗漏关键信息。
逻辑清晰:各部分内容之间过渡自然,先说感谢,再讲生活变化,接着谈问题,最后说打算,让信件内容有条理。
语言准确:使用七年级所学的词汇和句型,避免语法错误,表达要简洁明了。
(四)思路提示
可以先回忆自己刚进入初中时的真实感受和经历,将其转化为 Mia 的视角来写。在描述生活差异时,用具体的例子支撑,比如 “小学只有语文、数学等几门课,现在增加了历史、地理等科目”;在说问题时,选择贴近学生生活的常见问题,让内容更真实;思考解决办法时,要具有可行性,体现积极面对问题的态度。
(五)写作步骤
第一步:开篇致谢:直接点明收到父母的信,并表达感谢,如 “Thank you very much for your letter. I was so happy to hear from you.”
第二步:描述生活差异:围绕学习、活动等方面展开,对比小学和初中的不同,例如 “We have more subjects in junior high school than in primary school. There are also many interesting after-school activities, like the music club and the sports team.”
第三步:提出遇到的问题:具体说明自己遇到的困难,像 “I find it a little hard to learn math. Sometimes I can't understand what the teacher says in class.”
第四步:说明解决办法:针对问题给出计划,比如 “I'm going to ask my math teacher for help after class. And I'll do more exercises to improve my math.”
第五步:结尾署名:用 “Yours,” 结束,然后写上自己的名字 “Mia”。
(六)词汇提示
感谢类:thank(感谢)、appreciate(感激)、grateful(感激的)
生活差异类:different(不同的)、subject(科目)、activity(活动)、class(课堂)、teacher(老师)
问题类:problem(问题)、difficult(困难的)、hard(艰难的)、confused(困惑的)
解决办法类:solve(解决)、ask for help(求助)、practice(练习)、plan(计划)
(七)句型提示
表达感谢:“Thank you for...”(感谢你……)、“I'm grateful for... ”(我感激……)
描述差异:“... is different from...”(…… 与…… 不同)、“There are more... in... than in... ”(…… 比…… 有更多的……)
提出问题:“I have a problem with...”(我在…… 方面有问题)、“I find it hard to... ”(我发现…… 很难)
说明计划:“I'm going to...”(我打算……)、“I plan to... ”(我计划……)
(八)范例作文
Dear Dad and Mum,
Thank you very much for your letter. I was really excited when I got it.
Junior high school life is different from primary school life. We have more subjects, such as history and biology. The teachers are nice, but their teaching methods are a bit different. After class, there are many interesting activities. I joined the reading club last week.
I also have some problems. For example, I feel nervous when I speak English in front of the class. I'm afraid of making mistakes.
I'm going to practice speaking English every day. I'll talk with my classmates in English after class. I think I can get better soon.
Yours,
Mia
译文:
亲爱的爸爸妈妈:
非常感谢你们的来信。收到信的时候我真的很兴奋。
初中生活和小学生活不一样。我们有更多的科目,比如历史和生物。老师们都很好,但是他们的教学方法有点不同。课后,有很多有趣的活动。我上周加入了阅读俱乐部。
我也有一些问题。比如,当我在全班面前说英语时,我会感到紧张。我害怕犯错。
我打算每天练习说英语。课后我会和同学们用英语交流。我想我很快就能变得更好。
你们的,
米娅
(九)实战演练
假设你是李华,你收到了英国笔友Lucy的来信,她希望了解你的生活和学习状况。请从以下话题中选择其中2—3个给她写一封回信。
◆What sports do you do at school?
◆What do you like to eat for lunch?
◆What school rules do you have?
◆Did you have any school trip?
注意:
(1)文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息;
(2)词数:80左右(开头和结尾已经写好,不计入总词数)。
Dear Lucy,
Thanks for your letter. Let me tell you something about my school life.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What about yours? I hope to know more about your school life.
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Lucy,
Thanks for your letter. Let me tell you something about my school life.
We have some rules at school. For example, we can’t use phones at school. We mustn’t be late for class and we must wear the school uniform. I think these rules can help us focus on our studies.
Last Friday, we had a school trip to a farm. First, we picked some apples and learned how to cut branches and leaves from the trees. After that, we tasted some delicious food. Finally, we took some photos in the field. We all think it was a tiring but fun trip.
What about yours? I hope to know more about your school life.
Yours,
Li Hua
[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇书信作文;
②时态:主要为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”
③提示:考生应注意结合具体语境使用正确的时态,并从所给话题中选择2—3个进行写作,适当发挥,使上下文连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步,承接开头,介绍学校的校规;
第二步,描写一次学校旅行;
第三步,询问Lucy的校园生活。
[亮点词汇]
①focus on专注于
②delicious美味的
③tiring累人的
[高分句型]
①I think these rules can help us focus on our studies.(省略that的宾语从句)
任务2:Make a poster about your first week in junior high
(一)话题分析
“Make a poster about your first week in junior high” 这个话题要求同学们以制作海报的形式,分享自己初中第一周的经历。初中生活与小学相比,在学习内容、校园活动、人际关系等方面都有很大不同。同学们需要从 Studies(学习)、Problems(问题)、Activities(活动)、Feelings(感受)这四个维度入手,回顾和梳理自己第一周的初中生活,用英语清晰地表达出来,让他人通过海报就能了解你初中第一周的丰富体验。
(二)写作内容
Studies(学习):介绍初中第一周的课程设置,如新增了哪些科目,像历史(history)、地理(geography)、生物(biology)等。描述自己对不同科目的第一印象,是觉得有趣还是有难度。例如,英语课上老师用生动的方式讲解语法,让你对英语学习更有兴趣;或者数学课的新知识有点复杂,需要课后多花时间理解。
Problems(问题):思考第一周遇到的困难或挑战。可能是不适应新的课程表,每天要换不同的教室上课,总是匆匆忙忙;也可能是某些科目的作业难度较大,不知道如何完成;或者在与新同学交流时,因为害羞不敢主动开口。
Activities(活动):记录学校组织的各种活动,比如开学典礼上校长的讲话让你对初中生活充满期待;参加了社团招新活动,看到了丰富多彩的社团,如足球俱乐部(football club)、绘画社团(painting club)等;还有班级组织的自我介绍活动,让你认识了很多新同学。
Feelings(感受):分享自己在这一周的心情变化。一开始可能对新环境感到紧张(nervous),不熟悉老师和同学;慢慢地,在与大家的相处中,感受到了友好(friendly),变得开心(happy)和兴奋(excited),对未来的初中生活充满了憧憬。
(三)写作要点
内容丰富具体:每个部分都要有具体的事例支撑,不能只写简单的概括性语句。比如在描述学习时,不能只说 “我学习了很多科目”,要具体说明某一科目有趣在哪里或者难在哪里。
语言表达准确:运用正确的词汇和语法来表达自己的想法。注意单词的拼写,像 “geography” 不要写错;句子结构要完整,主谓宾等成分不能缺失。
逻辑清晰有条理:按照 Studies、Problems、Activities、Feelings 的顺序依次展开,每个部分之间过渡自然。例如,在写完学习部分后,可以用 “However, not everything went smoothly in the first week.” 这样的句子来引出问题部分。
(四)思路提示
回忆经历:静下心来,仔细回想初中第一周每天发生的事情,将与学习、问题、活动、感受相关的事情分别罗列出来。
确定重点:从罗列的事情中挑选出最有代表性、最能体现初中第一周特色的内容作为重点描述对象。比如在活动方面,如果参加了社团招新和班级拔河比赛,选择其中你觉得最有趣、最有意义的一个详细写。
构思框架:根据写作要点,搭建文章的框架。先写一个总起句引出初中第一周这个话题,然后依次阐述学习、问题、活动、感受四个部分,最后写一个总结句,表达自己对初中生活的期待或者感受。
(五)步骤详解
1.开头:
用一个引人入胜的句子开启海报内容,比如 “Junior high school life has just started, and my first week here has been full of surprises and new experiences.” 直接点明主题是关于初中第一周的生活。
2.Studies 部分:
首先介绍课程设置,“We have a variety of new subjects this week, such as history, geography and biology.”
接着描述对某一学科的具体感受,“In my first history class, the teacher told us many interesting stories about the past, which made me realize that history is really fascinating.”
3.Problems 部分:
提出遇到的问题,“However, I also faced some problems. For example, I had trouble finding the right classrooms because the school is so big.”
可以简单提及自己打算如何解决问题,“I plan to ask my classmates for help and try to remember the routes as soon as possible.”
4.Activities 部分:
描述活动,“There were many exciting activities. We had a wonderful opening ceremony at the beginning of the week.”
进一步描述活动细节,“The headmaster gave an inspiring speech, and we learned about the school's rules and traditions.”
5.Feelings 部分:
分享感受,“Overall, my feelings in this first week have been a mix of nervousness and excitement.”
解释原因,“At first, I was nervous about meeting new people, but as I got to know my classmates and teachers, I became more and more excited for the days to come.”
结尾:用积极的话语总结,“I believe that with these precious experiences in the first week, my junior high school life will be full of joy and growth.”
(六)词汇运用
学习相关词汇:textbook(教科书)、subject(科目)、learn(学习)、understand(理解)、difficult(困难的)、interesting(有趣的)等。例如,“I find the biology textbook very interesting with many colorful pictures.”
问题相关词汇:problem(问题)、trouble(麻烦)、difficulty(困难)、solve(解决)等。如,“I had difficulty in solving the math problem.”
活动相关词汇:activity(活动)、join(参加)、club(俱乐部)、competition(比赛)等。像,“I joined the art club in the activity of club recruitment.”
感受相关词汇:nervous(紧张的)、excited(兴奋的)、happy(开心的)、friendly(友好的)、lonely(孤独的)等。比如,“I was a little nervous on the first day, but my classmates were so friendly that I soon felt at ease.”
(七)句型运用
There be 句型:表示 “某地有某物”,用于介绍课程、活动等。如,“There are three science classes this week.”(这周有三节科学课。) “There was an interesting activity in our class on Friday.”(周五我们班有一个有趣的活动。)
because 引导的原因状语从句:用于解释感受或问题的原因。例如,“I like my English teacher because she teaches in a very lively way.”(我喜欢我的英语老师,因为她教学方式很生动。) “I was late for class because I got lost in the teaching building.”(我上课迟到了,因为我在教学楼里迷路了。)
be going to 结构:表达自己对未来初中生活的计划或打算。如,“I am going to work hard in all subjects to get good grades.”(我打算在所有科目上努力学习,取得好成绩。) “I am going to make more friends in the coming weeks.”(在接下来的几周里我打算交更多的朋友。)
(八)范例作文
Junior high school life has just started, and my first week here has been full of surprises and new experiences.
We have a variety of new subjects this week, such as history, geography and biology. In my first history class, the teacher told us many interesting stories about the past, which made me realize that history is really fascinating. However, I also faced some problems. For example, I had trouble finding the right classrooms because the school is so big. I plan to ask my classmates for help and try to remember the routes as soon as possible.
There were many exciting activities. We had a wonderful opening ceremony at the beginning of the week. The headmaster gave an inspiring speech, and we learned about the school's rules and traditions. Besides, I joined the art club in the activity of club recruitment.
Overall, my feelings in this first week have been a mix of nervousness and excitement. At first, I was nervous about meeting new people, but as I got to know my classmates and teachers, I became more and more excited for the days to come. I believe that with these precious experiences in the first week, my junior high school life will be full of joy and growth.
译文:
初中生活刚刚开始,我在这里的第一周充满了惊喜和新体验。
这周我们有各种各样的新科目,比如历史、地理和生物。在我的第一节历史课上,老师给我们讲了很多关于过去的有趣故事,这让我意识到历史真的很有趣。然而,我也遇到了一些问题。例如,因为学校很大,我很难找到正确的教室。我打算向我的同学求助,并尽快记住路线。
有很多令人兴奋的活动。在这周开始的时候,我们举行了一场精彩的开学典礼。校长发表了鼓舞人心的讲话,我们了解了学校的规章制度和传统。此外,我在社团招新活动中加入了艺术俱乐部。
总的来说,我在这第一周的感受是既紧张又兴奋。一开始,我对结识新朋友感到紧张,但随着我逐渐了解我的同学和老师,我对未来的日子越来越兴奋。我相信,有了第一周这些宝贵的经历,我的初中生活将充满欢乐和成长。
(九)实战演练
假设你是李明,你的朋友杰克想了解你的学校生活。请根据以下提示,写一封电子邮件给他,介绍你的学校生活。
提示:
1. 介绍你的学校、老师和同学;
2. 讲述你在学校的日常活动,如上课、做作业、参加课外活动等;
3. 谈谈你对学校生活的感受。
要求:
1. 语句通顺,逻辑连贯;
2. 不少于50词。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Jack,
I want to tell you something about my school and my school life. At school, my teachers and classmates are very kind to me. There are many buildings and a big playground in the school. I have four classes in the morning and three classes in the afternoon. My favorite subject is math. I think it’s difficult but funny. After school, I often listen to music or read some books in the library. My school life is very colorful. I like it very much.
What about yours? Can you tell me something about your school and your school life? 1'm looking forward to getting the letter from you.
Yours.
Li Ming
【写作解析】
[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇电子邮件;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已给出,可适当添加细节,并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步,表明写作意图;
第二步,介绍学校、老师、同学及学校的日常活动;
第三步,书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①be kind to友好对待
②What about...?……怎么样?
③look forward to期待
[高分句型]
①There are many buildings and a big playground in the school.(there be句型)
②I think it’s difficult but funny. (宾语从句)
1 / 11
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
Unit 1 A new start
单词
1.缺乏;没有 prep. __________
2.句子 n. __________
3.开始(做某事) __________
4.错误 n. __________
5.有礼貌的,客气的 adj.__________
6.头脑;思想,思维 n. __________
7.她的 pron. __________
8.干的,干燥的 adj. __________
9.意义;意思;含义 n. __________
10.事实;真相 n. __________
11.重要的,重大的 adj. __________
12.记住,记得 v. __________
13.很,十分 adv. __________
14.宽的,宽阔的 adj. __________
15.(肉体上的)疼,痛,疼痛 n.__________
16.好处,利益,改进 n. __________
17.穿过,通过 prep. __________
18.暴风雨(雪)n. __________
19.希望,期望,指望 v. __________
20.风 n. __________
21.问题,难题;困难 n. __________
22.意见,建议;忠告,劝告 n. __________
23.(学校的)课题,研究项目 n.__________
24.工作,任务 n. __________
25.旅行,旅程;历程,过程 n. __________
26.一起,共同,一齐,一块儿 adv. __________
27.水塘,水洼 n. __________
28.起航 v. __________
29.朝另一方向 adv. __________
30.意见,主意,观点 n. __________
31.生活 n. __________
32.保护,防护 v. __________
短语
1.写下,记下 __________
2.指出,指明 __________
3.跳入 __________
4.朝上看 __________
5.思考,考虑 __________
6.举手 __________
7.做得好 __________
8.事实上 __________
9.犯错误 __________
10.主要思想 __________
11.语法规则 __________
12.我的一个新朋友__________
13.上一节好课 __________
14.变红 __________
15.使某人做某事 __________
16.代表 __________
17.在……的帮助下__________
18.添加……到……__________
19.尽某人最大努力__________
20.通过,穿过 __________
21.好好利用 __________
22.把……变成 __________
23.一天天,逐渐地 __________
24.给某人一些建议__________
25.第一条建议 __________
26.按时,准时 __________
27.当然,自然 __________
28.和某人分享……__________
29.为……做准备 __________
30.小学 __________
31.保护……不受…… __________
32.面对新困难 __________
33.你自己 __________
句型
1.学而不思则罔。
_____________________________________
2.请把这(句话)写下来。
_____________________________________
3.但是指出这个错误合适吗?
_____________________________________
4.在学习方面多思考很重要。
_____________________________________
5.他要求我们介绍自己。
_____________________________________
6.但是潘老师恰好带着微笑看着我。
_____________________________________
7.他聪明的言语使我感觉更好。
_____________________________________
8.今天有很多作业。
_____________________________________
9.很难决定先做什么。
_____________________________________
10.完成一本书籍报告花费一个月时间。
_____________________________________
11.不劳无获。
_____________________________________
12.你准备好迎接你的新生活了吗?
_____________________________________
13.你将会穿过风暴,驶向大海。
_____________________________________
14.我们把这封信制作成一个新纸船。
_____________________________________
15.我们希望在未来的几年里它会帮到你!
_____________________________________
语法
1.人称代词
2. 物主代词
一、知识点清单
1.important adj. 重要的;权威的;影响很大的;有重大影响的
【典型例句】
Listening is an important part of the job.
倾听是这项工作的一个重要部分。
It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions.
遵照厂家的说明很重要。
The important thing is to keep trying.
重要的是要不断尝试。
【知识拓展】
(1)importantly adv.重要地;大量地;有名望地;自命不凡地
importance n.价值;重要;重大
(2)play an important role起重要作用;发挥重要作用;扮演重要的角色
very important非常重要;首先要学会宽容;很重要;更新公告
most important最重要的;首要的;重要的;主要的
2.point out指出(某物给某人看);指明,指点;说出(事实或错误)完成句子
It's ________________to try and make something of your life.
在一生中有所成就是很重要的。
Parents are ________________ people in a child's world.
父母在儿童的天地里是最重要的人。
I don't think you realize ________________ this is to her.
我认为你没有意识到这对她是多么重要。
Experience is________________ for this job than paper qualifications.
就这项工作而言,经验比纸面上的资格重要。
mistake n.错误,过失
【典型例句】
(1)We all too easily point out our mothers' failings.
我们都太过轻易地指出母亲的缺点。
It is hoped that the readers will kindly point out our errors.
敬希读者指正。
He was at great pains to point out my mistake.
他极力指出我的错误。
I didn't point out his real intentions.
我没有点破他的真实意图。
(2)I made a stupid mistake.
我犯了个愚蠢的错误。
There was a mistake over his booking.
他的预订中有个错误。
He's waiting for me to make a mistake.
他正盼着我出错呢。
It's a mistake they almost always make.
这是他们几乎总要犯的错误。
【知识拓展】
by mistake错误地;由疏忽所致;无意地
make a mistake犯错误;出差错;弄错
3. meaning n.意思,意义,含义
【典型例句】完成句子
I wish________________your misrepresentation of the facts.
我想指出你们对事实的曲解。
I ________________ that not one of these paintings is original.
我应当指出,这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
It's easy to________________.
犯错误很容易。
It was one of________________.
这是我犯的许多错误中的一个。
Leaving school so young was ________________of my life.
我一生中最大的错误就是那么年轻就离开了学校。
You must try to learn from ________________.
你得从所犯错误中吸取教训。
He didn't really get his meaning over to the audience.
他未能完全把他的意思向听众讲清楚。
I don't quite get your meaning.
我不太明白你要说的意思。
Having a child gave new meaning to their lives.
有了一个孩子使得他们的生活有了新的方向。
【知识拓展】
(1)meaning of life生命意义;人生意义
Well-meaning people好心人;有心无力的人
cultural meaning文化含义; 文化意义;文化内涵意义
(2)mean vi.用意;vt.意味;想要;意欲
meaningful adj.有意义的;意味深长的
meaningless adj.无意义的;无目的的
meaningfully adv.有意义地;意味深长地;有意图地
4.in fact 实际上,事实上完成句子
Her life seemed to have lost ________________.
她的生活似乎已毫无价值。
I see what you ________________, but I still think it's worth trying.
我知道你是什么意思,但我仍然认为它值得一试。
The more you read this poem, the more ________________you find it.
这首诗越读越有味儿。
【典型例句】
In fact, it's very scientific.
事实上,这是非常科学的。
In fact, not all sleepwalkers walk.
事实上,并非所有的梦游者都会站起来走路。
In fact, everyone can make it.
事实上,每个人都能做到。
There are two puzzles, in fact.
事实上有两个谜。
【知识拓展】
in effect事实上:一般用于句中,表示“实际上;事实上”的意思。
in practical实际上:—般用来表示“在实践中﹔实际上,事实上”的含义。
in fact实际上:可作状语或表语,可单独使用,既可用于书面也可用于口语中。
5.praise v.赞美,表扬;n.表扬,赞美完成句子
I didn't fail the exam; ________________I did rather well!
我没有考不及格,事实上,我考得不错!
The theory seems to have no basis________________.
这一理论似乎没有事实根据。
The treatment she received may,________________, have hastened her death.
实际上,她所接受的治疗可能加快了她的死亡。
He thought she was play-acting but________________she had really hurt herself.
他以为她是装出来的,但实际上她真的受了伤。
【典型例句】
Praise is a great confidence booster.
表扬是一个很好的自信提升剂。
I have nothing but praise for the police.
我对警察只有赞扬。
He deserves the highest praise for his bravery.
他为其勇敢应该得到至高的赞扬。
【知识拓展】
praise for因为...赞美
song of praise赞歌
with high praise受到高度赞扬
beyond all praise赞美不完
in praise of赞扬;称赞
6.protect v.保护,防护完成句子
His latest movie has won ________________ from the critics.
他的最新电影得到了评论家的高度赞扬。
He ________________ his team for their performance.
他称赞了各队员的表现。
The judge________________ for his courage and humanity.
法官的勇气和人道受到称赞。
【典型例句】
We have a moral obligation to protect the environment.
我们有道义责任保护环境。
My main concern now is to protect the children.
我现在最关心的是保护这些孩子。
Zinc is used to protect other metals from corrosion.
锌被用来保护其他金属免受腐蚀。
【知识拓展】
prevent…from是一个固定短语,意为“阻止…做…”。它用于表达阻止某人进行某种行为的目的。在使用时,from后面通常接名词或动词的现在分词结构,表示被阻止的对象或行为。如果句子中存在动宾关系,from后面则要用被动形式,即prevent sb. from being done。这个短语强调的是预先的阻止行为,常用于表达预防或防止某种不良后果发生的意图。
例如,句子“The heavy snow prevented us from going out for sports.”(大雪阻止了我们外出活动。)中,prevent…from结构用于表达由于天气原因,人们不能进行预定的体育活动。这里,from后面的going out for sports是被动形式,表示被阻止的行为。
此外,prevent…from结构在被动语态中使用时,from不可以省略。例如,正确的表达是“The heavy snow prevented our going out for sports.”,而不是“The heavy snow prevented us going out for sports.”。这是因为prevent…from结构在被动语态中保持其完整性,以清晰地表达出阻止的行为和被阻止的对象。
7.by yourself独自一人,没有其他人的帮助完成句子
These regulations were made________________children.
这些规章制度是为了保护儿童而制订的。
It's important to________________ my fair skin________________the sun.
保护我白皙的皮肤不受日晒是很重要的。
【典型例句】
Are you sure you did this exercise by yourself?
这个练习真是你自己做的吗?
You should deal with it by yourself.
你应该自己处理。
It's more important to learn it by yourself.
自学更重要。
【知识拓展】
by oneself主要表示“独自地,独立地”。这个短语强调一个人独立地完成某事,不依赖他人的帮助。具体来说,by oneself的用法可以体现在以下几个方面:
(1)独自行动:当表示某人独自一人进行某项活动时,可以使用by oneself。例如,句子“She likes to take a walk by herself.”(她喜欢独自散步。)中的“by herself”就表达了这一意思。
(2)独立完成任务:在描述某人独立完成某项任务或工作时,也可以使用by oneself。例如,“I built this house by myself.”(我自己建了这栋房子。)表明整个建筑过程没有他人的参与。
(3)自动进行:虽然这一用法相对较少,但在某些情况下,by oneself也可以用来描述某事自动发生,例如“The door opened by itself.”(门自己开了。)
(4)省略用法:在某些情况下,by oneself中的“by”可以被省略,而句子的意思保持不变。例如,“The boy came to the shop himself.”(这个男孩自己来到了商店。)在这里,虽然省略了“by”,但意思仍然是强调男孩独自一人来到商店。
总结来说,by oneself是一个非常实用的短语,用于表达某人或某事独自进行某项活动或任务的情况。它在日常交流和写作中广泛使用,帮助人们更准确地表达独立行动的概念。
8.go through经过某过程;经历,经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期);走(流程或固定程序);通读,彻查;(法律、协议等)被通过,(正式决定)被批准完成句子
You can also clean your room________________.
你也可以亲自打扫你的房间。
Reading is not only something you enjoy________________.
阅读不仅仅是自我享受的事情。
Sam, did you really fix the computer________________?
山姆,你真的自己把电脑修好了吗?
【典型例句】
Foods which go through a factory process lose much of their colour, flavour and texture.
经过工厂加工的食品会失去许多色泽、味道和质地。
Don't worry about the baby not wanting to leave you ─ it's a stage they go through.
宝宝不肯离开你别担心,他们总要经过这个阶段。
The deal did not go through.
这笔交易未谈成。
Go through this gate, and you'll see the house on your left.
你穿过这道大门,就看到左面的房子了。
【知识拓展】
go through 和go across在用法上有明显的区别。go through"通常指的是从物体的内部穿过,比如穿过森林或从一个地方到另一个地方的全程通过,它强调的是立体空间的穿越。例如,你可以说"He went through a forest",表示他穿过了一片森林,这涉及到从森林的一端到另一端的全程通过。
相比之下,go across"则侧重于从平面空间的穿越,通常指的是从一处走到另一处,但不强调立体空间的穿越,比如横穿马路或街道。它更多地指的是在表面上的移动,不涉及到通过物体的内部。例如,"Go across the road" 表示从马路的一边走到另一边,但"go through the road"则可能涉及到从马路的一端到另一端的全程通过。
总结来说,go through和go across的主要区别在于它们所强调的空间穿越方式不同,"go through" 强调从物体内部穿过,而go across主要强调在平面空间上的穿越。
完成句子
Most teenagers ________________a period of rebelling.
大多数青少年都要经历一段叛逆期。
I don't ever want to________________anything like that again.
我不想再经历那样的事了。
Actors ________________ the motions of different types of labor.
演员们假装从事不同的劳动。
9.stand for (1)代表,象征:表示某事物代表或象征另一事物;(2)支持,拥护:表示对某人或某事物的支持或拥护;(3)忍受,容忍:表示能够忍受或容忍某事物。
【典型例句】
What do two "ninths" meeting together stand for?
两个“九”聚在一起代表什么?
The new teacher won't stand for any nonsense.
这位新教师不会容忍任何无礼行为。
I was sitting in the stand for the first game.
我当时正坐在看台上观看首场比赛。
二、语法点清单完成句子
It's outrageous, and we won't ________________ it any more.
这太让人气愤了,我们再也不能容忍下去了。
The symbols of the map key ________________ different places.
地图图例代表着不同的地方。
The letters N, S, E and W ________________north, south, east and west.
字母N、S、E和W分别代表北、南、东和西。
人称代词与物主代词
(一)人称代词
1.概念
人称代词是表示 “你”“我”“他、她、它” 及其复数概念的代词,有人称、数及主格与宾格之分。第二人称单数和复数、主格和宾格同形,都是 you;第三人称单数 it 的主格和宾格同形,都是 it。
2.用法
①作主语用主格
He plays basketball every day.(他每天都打篮球。“他” 在句中作主语,用主格 he)
②作宾语用宾格
动词宾语:My mother loves me.(我妈妈爱我。“我” 在句中作 loves 的宾语,用宾格 me)
介词宾语:The book is for you.(这本书是给你的。“你” 在句中作介词 for 的宾语,用宾格 you)
③作表语,口语中常用宾格:—Who's that? —It's me.(— 那是谁?— 是我。)
④单独使用或作问句简略回答用宾格:—I like reading. —Me too.(— 我喜欢阅读。— 我也是。)
⑤比较状语从句中:在口语中,than、as 后的代词常用宾格;当代词后有动词时要用主格。如:He is taller than me.(他比我高。) She runs as fast as I do.(她跑得和我一样快。)
⑥人称代词并列顺序:一般情况下,单数代词顺序为 you - he - I;复数代词顺序为 we - you - they。如:
You, he and I are good friends.(你、他和我是好朋友。)
We and they are classmates.(我们和他们是同学。)
但在承认错误或承担责任时,第一人称需放在前面,如:It was I and Tom who broke the window.(是我和汤姆打破了窗户。)
(二)物主代词
1.形式
物主代词表示所属关系,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2.用法
①形容词性物主代词:起形容词的作用,在句中作定语修饰名词,不可单独使用。如:This is my schoolbag.(这是我的书包。) Her name is Lucy.(她的名字叫露西。)
②名词性物主代词:起名词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,可单独使用,相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。如:
作主语:Mine is on the desk.(我的在桌子上。=My book is on the desk.)
作宾语:I like yours better than mine.(我喜欢你的胜过我的。=I like your book better than my book.)
作表语:The blue bike is his.(那辆蓝色的自行车是他的。=The blue bike is his bike.)
单项选择
1.I went to Mr. Chen’s office to ask ________ some English questions, but ________ wasn’t in.
A.him; she B.her; he C.him; he D.her; she
2.— Mum, can you find Mike’s and my English books?
— Yes. ________ is in the first drawer and ________ is in the second one.
A.Your; he B.Yours; he C.Your; his D.Yours; his
3.Look at those red bags. ________ are all for ________.
A.They; they B.We; you C.They; us D.We; them
4.Our English teacher not only teaches ________ English but also a friend of ________.
A.our; us B.our; ours C.us; us D.us; ours
5.—Who taught ________ history last year?
—Nobody! He learnt it by ________.
A.him; himself B.his; himself C.himself; himself D.his; him
6.Every time I visited West Lake, ________ beautiful sights could always make ________ relax.
A.its; my B.its; me C.it’s; my D.it’s; me
7.My father is an excellent teacher and his students like ________ very much.
A.her B.him C.she D.he
8.—Is this school uniform ________, Tina? I found it in the lost and found box.
—No, it isn’t ________. It’s Tom’s.
A.hers; yours B.your; mine C.yours; mine D.his; mine
9.The Stone Forest in Kunming is unique. ________ rocks look like trees, and ________ attracts many tourists.
A.It/its B.Its/it C.It’s/its D.Its/it’s
10.These are my cousins Bill and Alan. ________ father is my uncle.
A.His B.Their C.Her D.Mine
11.—Are these _________ pencils? —No. They are _________.
A.yours; their B.your; their C.your; theirs D.theirs; ours
12.—Is ________ notebook green?
—No, ________ is blue. Jack’s is green.
A.my, his B.your, mine C.his, my D.your, his
13.—Sally, there is a pencil on the floor. Is it ________?
—Oh... yes. It’s mine. Thank you.
A.my B.your C.mine D.yours
14.—Whose volleyball is this?
—Emma likes volleyball. Maybe it is ______.
A.her B.she’s C.hers D.his
15.— There is a ping-pong bat on the chair. Is it ________?
—No, it isn’t ________. I think it is Malee’s.
A.yours; mine B.you; me C.me; yours D.mine; your
三、写作清单
任务1:Complete Mia's reply to her parents
(一)话题分析
完成 Mia 给父母的回信这一主题属于初中英语中典型的书信写作场景,主要围绕七年级学生刚进入初中后的生活展开。核心要素包括向父母表达感谢、描述初中生活与小学的差异、倾诉遇到的问题以及说明自己的解决办法,既考查学生对日常交际用语的掌握,也能体现其对初中生活的观察与表达能力,符合七年级学生的认知水平和语言运用需求。
(二)写作内容
表达感谢:感谢父母的来信,体现对父母的感恩之情。
初中生活差异:从学习科目、课堂氛围、课外活动等方面描述初中生活与小学的不同,比如科目更多、课堂互动更活跃、课外活动更丰富等。
遇到的问题:可以写在学习上(如某一科目难度较大,跟不上进度)、人际交往上(如难以快速融入新集体,交到新朋友)或者时间管理上(如作业增多,难以平衡学习和休息)等方面的困扰。
解决办法:针对提出的问题,说明自己打算采取的措施,如向老师同学请教、主动参加集体活动、制定学习计划等。
(三)写作要点
格式正确:书信开头要有称呼(Dear Dad and Mum,),结尾要有署名(Yours, Mia),注意标点符号的使用。
内容完整:按照框架涵盖感谢、生活差异、问题及解决办法四个部分,不能遗漏关键信息。
逻辑清晰:各部分内容之间过渡自然,先说感谢,再讲生活变化,接着谈问题,最后说打算,让信件内容有条理。
语言准确:使用七年级所学的词汇和句型,避免语法错误,表达要简洁明了。
(四)思路提示
可以先回忆自己刚进入初中时的真实感受和经历,将其转化为 Mia 的视角来写。在描述生活差异时,用具体的例子支撑,比如 “小学只有语文、数学等几门课,现在增加了历史、地理等科目”;在说问题时,选择贴近学生生活的常见问题,让内容更真实;思考解决办法时,要具有可行性,体现积极面对问题的态度。
(五)写作步骤
第一步:开篇致谢:直接点明收到父母的信,并表达感谢,如 “Thank you very much for your letter. I was so happy to hear from you.”
第二步:描述生活差异:围绕学习、活动等方面展开,对比小学和初中的不同,例如 “We have more subjects in junior high school than in primary school. There are also many interesting after-school activities, like the music club and the sports team.”
第三步:提出遇到的问题:具体说明自己遇到的困难,像 “I find it a little hard to learn math. Sometimes I can't understand what the teacher says in class.”
第四步:说明解决办法:针对问题给出计划,比如 “I'm going to ask my math teacher for help after class. And I'll do more exercises to improve my math.”
第五步:结尾署名:用 “Yours,” 结束,然后写上自己的名字 “Mia”。
(六)词汇提示
感谢类:thank(感谢)、appreciate(感激)、grateful(感激的)
生活差异类:different(不同的)、subject(科目)、activity(活动)、class(课堂)、teacher(老师)
问题类:problem(问题)、difficult(困难的)、hard(艰难的)、confused(困惑的)
解决办法类:solve(解决)、ask for help(求助)、practice(练习)、plan(计划)
(七)句型提示
表达感谢:“Thank you for...”(感谢你……)、“I'm grateful for... ”(我感激……)
描述差异:“... is different from...”(…… 与…… 不同)、“There are more... in... than in... ”(…… 比…… 有更多的……)
提出问题:“I have a problem with...”(我在…… 方面有问题)、“I find it hard to... ”(我发现…… 很难)
说明计划:“I'm going to...”(我打算……)、“I plan to... ”(我计划……)
(八)范例作文
Dear Dad and Mum,
Thank you very much for your letter. I was really excited when I got it.
Junior high school life is different from primary school life. We have more subjects, such as history and biology. The teachers are nice, but their teaching methods are a bit different. After class, there are many interesting activities. I joined the reading club last week.
I also have some problems. For example, I feel nervous when I speak English in front of the class. I'm afraid of making mistakes.
I'm going to practice speaking English every day. I'll talk with my classmates in English after class. I think I can get better soon.
Yours,
Mia
译文:
亲爱的爸爸妈妈:
非常感谢你们的来信。收到信的时候我真的很兴奋。
初中生活和小学生活不一样。我们有更多的科目,比如历史和生物。老师们都很好,但是他们的教学方法有点不同。课后,有很多有趣的活动。我上周加入了阅读俱乐部。
我也有一些问题。比如,当我在全班面前说英语时,我会感到紧张。我害怕犯错。
我打算每天练习说英语。课后我会和同学们用英语交流。我想我很快就能变得更好。
你们的,
米娅
(九)实战演练
假设你是李华,你收到了英国笔友Lucy的来信,她希望了解你的生活和学习状况。请从以下话题中选择其中2—3个给她写一封回信。
◆What sports do you do at school?
◆What do you like to eat for lunch?
◆What school rules do you have?
◆Did you have any school trip?
注意:
(1)文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息;
(2)词数:80左右(开头和结尾已经写好,不计入总词数)。
Dear Lucy,
Thanks for your letter. Let me tell you something about my school life.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What about yours? I hope to know more about your school life.
Yours,
Li Hua
任务2:Make a poster about your first week in junior high
(一)话题分析
“Make a poster about your first week in junior high” 这个话题要求同学们以制作海报的形式,分享自己初中第一周的经历。初中生活与小学相比,在学习内容、校园活动、人际关系等方面都有很大不同。同学们需要从 Studies(学习)、Problems(问题)、Activities(活动)、Feelings(感受)这四个维度入手,回顾和梳理自己第一周的初中生活,用英语清晰地表达出来,让他人通过海报就能了解你初中第一周的丰富体验。
(二)写作内容
Studies(学习):介绍初中第一周的课程设置,如新增了哪些科目,像历史(history)、地理(geography)、生物(biology)等。描述自己对不同科目的第一印象,是觉得有趣还是有难度。例如,英语课上老师用生动的方式讲解语法,让你对英语学习更有兴趣;或者数学课的新知识有点复杂,需要课后多花时间理解。
Problems(问题):思考第一周遇到的困难或挑战。可能是不适应新的课程表,每天要换不同的教室上课,总是匆匆忙忙;也可能是某些科目的作业难度较大,不知道如何完成;或者在与新同学交流时,因为害羞不敢主动开口。
Activities(活动):记录学校组织的各种活动,比如开学典礼上校长的讲话让你对初中生活充满期待;参加了社团招新活动,看到了丰富多彩的社团,如足球俱乐部(football club)、绘画社团(painting club)等;还有班级组织的自我介绍活动,让你认识了很多新同学。
Feelings(感受):分享自己在这一周的心情变化。一开始可能对新环境感到紧张(nervous),不熟悉老师和同学;慢慢地,在与大家的相处中,感受到了友好(friendly),变得开心(happy)和兴奋(excited),对未来的初中生活充满了憧憬。
(三)写作要点
内容丰富具体:每个部分都要有具体的事例支撑,不能只写简单的概括性语句。比如在描述学习时,不能只说 “我学习了很多科目”,要具体说明某一科目有趣在哪里或者难在哪里。
语言表达准确:运用正确的词汇和语法来表达自己的想法。注意单词的拼写,像 “geography” 不要写错;句子结构要完整,主谓宾等成分不能缺失。
逻辑清晰有条理:按照 Studies、Problems、Activities、Feelings 的顺序依次展开,每个部分之间过渡自然。例如,在写完学习部分后,可以用 “However, not everything went smoothly in the first week.” 这样的句子来引出问题部分。
(四)思路提示
回忆经历:静下心来,仔细回想初中第一周每天发生的事情,将与学习、问题、活动、感受相关的事情分别罗列出来。
确定重点:从罗列的事情中挑选出最有代表性、最能体现初中第一周特色的内容作为重点描述对象。比如在活动方面,如果参加了社团招新和班级拔河比赛,选择其中你觉得最有趣、最有意义的一个详细写。
构思框架:根据写作要点,搭建文章的框架。先写一个总起句引出初中第一周这个话题,然后依次阐述学习、问题、活动、感受四个部分,最后写一个总结句,表达自己对初中生活的期待或者感受。
(五)步骤详解
1.开头:
用一个引人入胜的句子开启海报内容,比如 “Junior high school life has just started, and my first week here has been full of surprises and new experiences.” 直接点明主题是关于初中第一周的生活。
2.Studies 部分:
首先介绍课程设置,“We have a variety of new subjects this week, such as history, geography and biology.”
接着描述对某一学科的具体感受,“In my first history class, the teacher told us many interesting stories about the past, which made me realize that history is really fascinating.”
3.Problems 部分:
提出遇到的问题,“However, I also faced some problems. For example, I had trouble finding the right classrooms because the school is so big.”
可以简单提及自己打算如何解决问题,“I plan to ask my classmates for help and try to remember the routes as soon as possible.”
4.Activities 部分:
描述活动,“There were many exciting activities. We had a wonderful opening ceremony at the beginning of the week.”
进一步描述活动细节,“The headmaster gave an inspiring speech, and we learned about the school's rules and traditions.”
5.Feelings 部分:
分享感受,“Overall, my feelings in this first week have been a mix of nervousness and excitement.”
解释原因,“At first, I was nervous about meeting new people, but as I got to know my classmates and teachers, I became more and more excited for the days to come.”
结尾:用积极的话语总结,“I believe that with these precious experiences in the first week, my junior high school life will be full of joy and growth.”
(六)词汇运用
学习相关词汇:textbook(教科书)、subject(科目)、learn(学习)、understand(理解)、difficult(困难的)、interesting(有趣的)等。例如,“I find the biology textbook very interesting with many colorful pictures.”
问题相关词汇:problem(问题)、trouble(麻烦)、difficulty(困难)、solve(解决)等。如,“I had difficulty in solving the math problem.”
活动相关词汇:activity(活动)、join(参加)、club(俱乐部)、competition(比赛)等。像,“I joined the art club in the activity of club recruitment.”
感受相关词汇:nervous(紧张的)、excited(兴奋的)、happy(开心的)、friendly(友好的)、lonely(孤独的)等。比如,“I was a little nervous on the first day, but my classmates were so friendly that I soon felt at ease.”
(七)句型运用
There be 句型:表示 “某地有某物”,用于介绍课程、活动等。如,“There are three science classes this week.”(这周有三节科学课。) “There was an interesting activity in our class on Friday.”(周五我们班有一个有趣的活动。)
because 引导的原因状语从句:用于解释感受或问题的原因。例如,“I like my English teacher because she teaches in a very lively way.”(我喜欢我的英语老师,因为她教学方式很生动。) “I was late for class because I got lost in the teaching building.”(我上课迟到了,因为我在教学楼里迷路了。)
be going to 结构:表达自己对未来初中生活的计划或打算。如,“I am going to work hard in all subjects to get good grades.”(我打算在所有科目上努力学习,取得好成绩。) “I am going to make more friends in the coming weeks.”(在接下来的几周里我打算交更多的朋友。)
(八)范例作文
Junior high school life has just started, and my first week here has been full of surprises and new experiences.
We have a variety of new subjects this week, such as history, geography and biology. In my first history class, the teacher told us many interesting stories about the past, which made me realize that history is really fascinating. However, I also faced some problems. For example, I had trouble finding the right classrooms because the school is so big. I plan to ask my classmates for help and try to remember the routes as soon as possible.
There were many exciting activities. We had a wonderful opening ceremony at the beginning of the week. The headmaster gave an inspiring speech, and we learned about the school's rules and traditions. Besides, I joined the art club in the activity of club recruitment.
Overall, my feelings in this first week have been a mix of nervousness and excitement. At first, I was nervous about meeting new people, but as I got to know my classmates and teachers, I became more and more excited for the days to come. I believe that with these precious experiences in the first week, my junior high school life will be full of joy and growth.
译文:
初中生活刚刚开始,我在这里的第一周充满了惊喜和新体验。
这周我们有各种各样的新科目,比如历史、地理和生物。在我的第一节历史课上,老师给我们讲了很多关于过去的有趣故事,这让我意识到历史真的很有趣。然而,我也遇到了一些问题。例如,因为学校很大,我很难找到正确的教室。我打算向我的同学求助,并尽快记住路线。
有很多令人兴奋的活动。在这周开始的时候,我们举行了一场精彩的开学典礼。校长发表了鼓舞人心的讲话,我们了解了学校的规章制度和传统。此外,我在社团招新活动中加入了艺术俱乐部。
总的来说,我在这第一周的感受是既紧张又兴奋。一开始,我对结识新朋友感到紧张,但随着我逐渐了解我的同学和老师,我对未来的日子越来越兴奋。我相信,有了第一周这些宝贵的经历,我的初中生活将充满欢乐和成长。
(九)实战演练
假设你是李明,你的朋友杰克想了解你的学校生活。请根据以下提示,写一封电子邮件给他,介绍你的学校生活。
提示:
1. 介绍你的学校、老师和同学;
2. 讲述你在学校的日常活动,如上课、做作业、参加课外活动等;
3. 谈谈你对学校生活的感受。
要求:
1. 语句通顺,逻辑连贯;
2. 不少于60词。
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