Unit 1 A new start-2026-2027学年七年级英语上册语法专项（外研版）

Unit 1 A new start 语法专项 章 语法概览 ★人称代词、物主代词、指示代词 ★不定代词(some,any,no,evey系列) 语法精讲精练一 l.人称代词(Personal Pronouns) 定义：用来指代人、动物或事物的代词，有主格和宾格之分。 人称 数 主格（作主语） 宾格（作宾语） 主要用法 指说话人自己，I 第一人称 单数 me 永远大写 指包括说话人在内 第一人称 复数 we us 的多人 指听话人，单复数 第二人称 单/复数 you you 同形 指男性/女性/无生 第三人称 单数 he she/it him /her/it 命物体或动物 第三人称 复数 they them 指多个第三方 核心考点： 主格作主语：I am a student../They are from China, 宾格作宾语（动词后或介词后）：Please help her./I sit between him and me.. 人称顺序：单数：第二人称→第三人称→第一人称(you,he/she,I);复数：第一人称 →第二人称→第三人称(we,you,they)。例句：You,he and I are good friends. t的特殊用法：指代时间、天气、距离、婴儿或不明性别的人。例：Itis7o'clock./Itis sunny today. 2.物主代词(Possessive Pronouns) 定义：表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词（后必须接名词）和名词性物主代词 (独立使用，不能接名词)。 名词性（代替“形容词性 人称 形容词性(+名词) +名词”) 对应关系 我 my mine my book =mine 你 your yours your pen =yours 他 his his his ruler=his 她 her hers her bag =hers 它 its its its color=its(较少用) 我们 our ours our school ours 你们 your yours your desks yours 他们 their theirs their classroom=theirs 核心考点： 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，必须修饰名词。例：This is my pencil.()This ismy.. (×) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+同名名词。例：This book is mine.(-ny book) →避免重复。 双重所有格：a fiiend of-+名词性物主代词。例：a fiiend of mine(我的一个朋友) 3.指示代词(Demonstrative Pronouns) 定义：用来指示或标识人或事物的代词，基本有四个：his(这个)、hat(那个)、hese (这些)、hose（那些)。 单数 复数 距离 常用搭配 this these 近处（时间/空间） this book,these apples that those 远处（时间/空间） that car,those students 核心考点： 指代重复：指代上文提到的事情时，用that/those。例：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(that代替the weather) 电话用语：介绍自己时用This is..,询问对方时用Is that.?例：This is Tom speaking..Is that Mary? 时间表达：this moming(今天早上)，that day(那天)，these days(这些天) 作主语时：These are my keys./That is a good idea, 二、易混考点辨析（中考必考） ①人称代词主格&amp,amp,宾格： 口诀：主格用在主语位，宾格用在动介后。 易错句：Me and him are fiiends..（X,应改为He and I are fiiends..) ②形容词性物主代词&amp,amp,名词性物主代词： 口诀：有名则形，无名则名（后面有名词用形容词性，没有名词用名词性）。 例：This is my pen.→This pen is mine. ③指示代词his/hat与it的区别： tis/hat指代特定事物，it指代上文提到过的事物。 例：一What is this'?-It is a book.（不用This is a book.因为第一次问后用it代替) ④指示代词hose作定语：Those books are mine..(those修饰ooks) 三、专项训练（中考/名校月考难度，共3大题，每题8-10小题） (一)单项选择（每小题1分，共10分） 1.—Is this bag？-No,it's My bag is blue. A.your;her B.yours;hers C.your,hers D.yours,her 2.My brother and I are in the same class. both love swimming. A.We B.They C.He D.I 3.-Who is the girl over there?- name is Linda is my sister. A.She;She B.Her;She C.She;Her D.Her,Her 4.-These shoes are very nice.Are yours?-No, are here. A.they;mine B.them;my C.those;mine D.those;my 5.This is my English book. is on the teacher's desk. A.Your B.Yours C.You D.Your book 6.-Look at photos.Aren't they beautiful?-Yes,I think are wonderful. A.these;them B.those,they C.this;them D.that,it 7. is a lovely dog.We all like A.Its;it B.Itit C.It,its D.It's;it 8.My school is bigger than Theirs is small. A.your B.yours C.you D.yourself 9. is your father?- is a doctor. A.Who;He B.What,He C.Who;She D.What,She 10.-I can't find my pen.Can I use ？-Sure.Here you are. A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself (二)语法填空（每空1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给词的适当形式，或根据上下文填写合适的代词。 Hello!I'm Kate.I have a good fiiend.1. (she)name is Gina.We are in the same class.Look! 2. (this)are our schoolbags.The blue one is 3. ①.The pink one is4. (she). And the green one is 5.(you)?No,it's not 6. you).It's Tom's. This morning,Tom lost 7 (he)pen.He asked us for help.I said,"I can lend 8. (me) pen to you.But he said,"Thanks,but I want to find 9. (D)."Finally,he found it under his desk 10. (that)was a black pen.What a lucky boy! (三)完成句子（每空1分，共10空） 1.这本书是我的，那本是你的。This book is and that one is 2.请把这些水果给那位老人。Please give firuits to old man. 3这些苹果比那些大。 apples are bigger than 4.你、我和他都在同一个班级。 and are in the same class. 5.这是我的一个朋友。This is a fiiend of 6那些学生正在操场上打篮球。 students are playing basketball on the playground 7.你的书包是红色的，她的书包是蓝色的。 schoolbag is red,and is blue 8那只猫的尾巴是白色的。 tail is white. 9这些书和那些书都是我们的。 books and are all 10.一那个女孩是谁？一她是我的姐姐。一Wois girl? is my sister. 四、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.A;3.C4.A;5.B;6.A;7.B;8B;9.A;10.C 选择 (二)语法 1.Her 2.These 3.mine 4.hers 5.yours 6.yours 7.his 8.my 9.mine 10.That 填空 (三)完成 1.mine;yours 2.these;that 3.These;those 4.You;he;I 5.mine 6.Those 句子 7.Your;hers 8.Its 9.These;those;ours 10.that;She 语法精讲精练二 1.不定代词的定义与分类 不定代词是不明确指定代替某个人或事物的代词，表示“某个、任何、没有、每个”等概 念。 系列 指人 指物 通用 some someone/somebody something any anyone /anybody anything no no one/nobody nothing every everyone /everybody everything 2.核心用法（五大考点） ★考点一：some与any的基本区别 用法场景 some any √常用some:Ihave X一般不用any(若用表示 肯定句 something. “任何”) 否定句 X不能用some √常用any:Idon't have anything. ①希望得到肯定回答时（请 ①一般疑问句：Do you have 求/建议) 疑问句 例：Would you like some tea? any books? ②表示“任何”时可用于肯 ②一般疑问句用some表示 定句。 期待肯定。 条件句 √可用：Ifyou need some √也可用：If you need any help,… help… ★考点二：no系列(no one/nobody/nothing) 本身表示否定，相当于not any+名词。 句中不能再加否定词（如not,never)。 There is nothing in the box. X There is not nothing in the box. 作主语时谓语用单数：Nobody knows the answer:. ★考点三：every系列(everyone/everybody/everything) 表示“每个都”，强调整体。 作主语谓语用单数：Everyone is here. ☒分everyone与every one: everyone只能指人，后不接of。 √every one可指人或物，常接of:every one of the students(正确)；everyone of the students(错误)。 ★考点四：形容词修饰不定代词必须后置（中考高频） 结构：不定代词+形容词 例：something interesting(有趣的事)，nothing special(设什么特别的)，anywhere quiet（安静的地方)。 注意：不能用a/an直接修饰不定代词，不定代词前不用冠词。 ★考点五：复合不定代词的补充规则 作主语时谓语用单数。 反意疑问句：指人的不定代词(everyone,someone,nobody等)用they指代；指物 的用it。 例：Everyone is here,aren't they? Nothing is wrong,is it? 否定句通常用any系列：I didn't see anyone, 肯定句中any表示“任何”：Anybody can do it. 3.易混考点辨析（中考必考) ①some与any在疑问句中的选择 请求/建议/期待肯定回答→用some。 般疑问句/不确定一→用any。 ②no与not any的互换 no+名词=not any+名词。 There is no water.=There is not any water. 但no直接修饰名词，语气更强；not any更口语化。 ③everyone与every one everyone=everybody,只指人，后不接of。 every one必须分开写，可指人或物，后常接of+复数名词/代词。 ④不定代词+else结构 else意为“别的、其他的”，放在不定代词后。 例：something else（别的东西)，who else(还有谁)。 二、专项训练 (一)单项选择（共10题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.-Would you like to drink? -Yes,please.Some orange juice A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 2.There isn't in the box.It's empty A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 3. can answer this question.It's too difficult. A.Someone B.Anyone C.No one D.Everyone 4.I have important to tell you.Please listen carefully A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 5.-Did you see in the classroom? -No,I saw A.anyone;no one B.someone;anyone C.anyone;someone D.no one;anyone 6. is ready for the party.Let's begin A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything 7.Tomis new here,but he gets on well with A.everyone B.every one C.anyone D.no one 8.Would you like cake?I baked it myself. A.some B.any C.no D.every 9.There is wrong with my phone.It works well. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 10.-Mum,can I have to eat?I'm hungry. -Sure.There are some biscuits on the table A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything (二)语法填空（共10空) 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 Hello,everyone!My name is Li Hua.I want to tell you 1. (something/anything) about my school life Our school is very big and beautiful.2. (Everyone/Every one)in our class works hard.Last week,we had an English test.I was nervous because I didn't prepare 3. (something/anything)well.To my surprise,I got a good grade.4. (No one/ Anyone)in my family believed it at first. My best friend Mike is very helpful.He always tries 5. (something /anything)new. Yesterday he said,"I have 6. (something/anything)interesting to show you."He brought a model plane made by himself.7. (Nobody/Somebody)in our group could make such a cool thing. During the break,I asked him,"Did 8. (someone/anyone)help you?"He smiled and said,“9. (No one/Anyone)helped me.I did it all by myself."I think he is really great. 10. (Everything/Something)is possible if you try your best. (三)完成句子（共10题） 1.你有什么要说的吗？ Do you have to say? 2.这本书里没有什么新东西。 There is in this book. 3.每个人都应该遵守规则。 should obey the rules. 4.他需要一些帮助。 He needs 5.你认识这里的任何人吗？ Do you know here? 6.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。 I have to tell you. 7.这个房间里没有人。 There is in this room. 8你想喝点什么吗？（期待肯定回答) Would you like to drink? 9.你可以做任何你想做的事。 You can do you want. 10.他每天都很忙，但从不抱怨。 is busy every day,but he never complains. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.A;6.D;7.A;8.A;9.C;10.A 选择 (二)语法 1.something 2.Everyone 3.anything 4.No one 5.something 6.something 填空 7.Nobody 8.anyone 9.No one 10.Everything (三)完成 1.anything 2.nothing 3.Everyone 4.some help 5.anyone 6.something 句子 important;7.no one 8.something 9.anything 10.Everything