Unit 1 Ancient Greece 知识清单（七大知识题型）总梳理-2024-2025学年九年级英语上册重难点讲练全攻略（牛津上海版）

 Unit1 Ancient Greece 知识清单（七大知识题型）总梳理 ·模块一 课本词汇清单 ·模块二 词汇详解清单 ·模块三 重点短语清单 ·模块四 核心知识清单 ·模块五 重点语法清单 ·模块六 书面表达清单 ·模块七 当堂限时检测 模块一 课本词汇清单 单词 音标 含义 例句 stair /steɪə/ 楼梯 There are 10 stairs leading to the top of the building. at a time /æt ə taɪm/ 一次，每次 I can only do one thing at a time. plain /pleɪn/ 平原 The land was a vast plain. no longer /nəʊ ˈlɒŋɡə/ 不再 I am no longer a student. Troy /troɪ/ 特洛伊 The city of Troy was destroyed by the Greeks. beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ 在...之外，在...较远的一边 The ocean is beyond the horizon. Greek /griːk/ 希腊人 The Greeks were a powerful civilization. capture /ˈkæptʃə/ 夺取，攻占 The army captured the city. wheel /wiːl/ 轮子 The car has four wheels. Trojan /ˈtroʊdʒən/ 特洛伊的 The Trojan horse was a clever trick. drag /dræg/ 拖曳 The horse was dragged into the city. citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ 公民 Everyone in the city is a citizen. joke /dʒəʊk/ 笑话 I told a joke to make him laugh. enemy /ˈɛnəmi/ 敌人 The country was at war with its enemy. securely /siˈkjʊərəli/ 牢固地 The treasure was hidden securely in the cave. go to sleep /ɡəʊ tuː sliːp/ 睡觉 I am going to go to sleep now. including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ 包括 The package has lot of stuff, including a book, a pen, and a pencil. midnight /ˈmɪdnaɪt/ 午夜 The party will end at midnight. except for /ɪkˈsept fɔːr/ 除了 Everyone except for me is going to the party. army /ˈɑːmi/ 军队 The army was sent to fight the enemy. darkness /ˈdɑːknəs/ 黑暗 The room was filled with darkness. seize /siːz/ 抓住 The thief seized the opportunity to escape. succeed /səkˈsiːd/ 成功 He succeeded in his business. fit /fɪt/ 适合 This dress fits me perfectly. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ 拒绝 She refused to help me. manage /ˈmænɪʤ/ 设法完成 I can manage to do it. come on /kʌm ɒn/ 得了吧 Come on, I'm not a fool. independent /ɪnˈdɪˈpɛndənt/ 独立的 The country is independent now. 模块二 词汇详解清单 1.historical adj. 历史的，与历史有关的 Here are pictures of three famous historical places. 【词性转换】history n. 历史 historic adj. 有历史意义的 【指点迷津】 historical & historic historical作形容词，意为“（有关）历史的；有关历史研究的；历史学的”等 historical background/documents/records/research 历史背景/文献/档案/研究 She's an avid reader of historical novels. 她是历史小说的忠实读者。 historic 作形容词，意为“历史上著名（或重要）的；可名垂青史的”等 a historic building/monument 有历史意义的建筑/纪念碑 be of historic interest 具有历史意义的 Parts of the Berlin wall are being allowed to stand as historic monuments. 柏林墙的一部分被允许作为历史古迹。 2.disappear v. 消失 【词性转换】appear v. 出现 3. beyond prep. 在…之外, 超过 Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。 The handle was just beyond my reach. 我差一点儿才够得着把手。 【知识拓展】 beyond one’s control/expectations/one’s ability/one’s reach 超出某人的控制/期待/能力/够得倒的范围（够不到） 【反义词】 within 在…之内，不越出 4. Greek n. 希腊人(C) 复数形式: Greeks 【词性转换】Greece n. 希腊（国家） 5.citizen n. 居民 市民(C) She is American by birth but is now an Australian citizen. All the citizens of Shanghai can enjoy the party. 【词性转换】city n. 城市 citizenship n. 公民身份 6.enemy n. 敌人 【词性转换】 enemies 7.securely adv. 牢牢地，安全的 【词性转换】secure v. 保护； adj. 安全的 = safe security n. 安保，保护措施；安全 = safety 8.include v. 包括；包含，作为整体的一部分 The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 【知识拓展】include sth./doing sth. 【词性转换】including prep. 包括...在内 I’ve got a three-day holiday including New Year’s Day. Eight people, including two children, were injured in the accident. 9.seize v. 捉拿；俘获; 夺取 They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 【知识拓展】seize an opportunity/a chance 抓住机会 seize control of ... 控制 seize the day 把握今天 seize sth. from sb. seize sb by the + 部位 He seized her by the arm. 他抓住她的胳膊。 10.succeed v. 成功，达成 You will have to work hard if you are to succeed. 【知识拓展】 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 = be successful in doing sth. = manage to do sth. 【词性转换】 success (n.) 成功；胜利 successful (adj.) successfully (adv.) 11.capture v. 俘获；攻占；夺取 【知识拓展】capture enemies/soldiers/animals 俘获敌人/士兵/捕获动物 capture a city 攻占一座城市 capture one’s attention/interest = catch one’s attention/interest 引起某人的注意力/兴趣 12. independent adj . 独立的 【词性转换】depend v. 依靠 dependent adj.有依赖的，从属的，取决于…的 independence n. 独立 模块三 重点短语清单 1. 木马之夜 the night of the horse 2. 跑下城楼的台阶 come down the stairs 3. 每次 at a time 4. 不再 no longer=not…any longer =no more=not…any more 5.走下台阶 go up the stairs 6. 不一会儿 seconds later=after a while=moments later 7. 站在了高高的城墙上 stand on the high wall of the city 8. 俯视着空旷的平原 look down at the empty plain 9.尽力去做某事 try to do sth. 10.尝试做某事 try doing sth. 11.服从命令 obey orders 12．把。。。拖进。。。 drag…into… 13．所有的市民 all the citizens 14．开玩笑 make a joke (make jokes) 15．确信 make sure=be sure 16．除。。。之外 except for （指从整体中排除某人或某物） except（指将一个或几个人或物从同一类的种类中除外） 17．一匹巨大的木马 a huge wooden horse 18．又等了一小时 wait for another hour 19．打开密门 open the secret door 20．在黑暗中 in the darkness 21．进入 enter=go into 22．通过战斗攻占这个城市 capture the city by fighting 23．成功做某事 succeed in doing sth. 24．把某人送入监狱 send sb. to prison 模块四 核心知识清单 1.But the captain of the guards was no longer listening. 但首领并没有再听下去。 no longer固定短语，意为“不再”，相当于not…any longer，表示某种状态在某个时间之后不再继续下去，本身带有否定含义，常用在系动词之后，实义动词之前。 I'm no longer a student. 我不再是个学生了。＝I'm not a student any longer. He no longer lives here. 他不在这儿居住了。＝He doesn't live here any longer. 【注意】辨析：no longer; not ... any longer; no more; not ... any more · no longer相当于not any longer，指“时间上不再延续”，常与状态动词或延续性动词连用。　　 Annie does not live here any longer. 安妮不住在这儿了。 He is no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子了。 · no more相当于not any more，指“数量上或程度上不再增加”，常与瞬间动词连用。 I have no more money to give you. 我没有更多的钱给你。 The baby watched and listened, and she didn't cry any more. 那个婴儿看着、听着，不再哭了。 2.He looked down at the empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea.他俯视着空旷的平原，再远处是空寂的大海。 · look作不及物动词，意为“看”，look down向下看，其后接宾语加介词at，at后接看的对象，反义词组为look up at向上看…… He looked down at the valley on the top of the hill. 他从山顶俯视峡谷。 He looked up at the blue sky and saw a plane flying over the city. 他向天空望去，看见一架飞机从城市上空飞过。 【词组】look down upon表示“瞧不起，歧视”的意思。 We shouldn't look down upon the poor. 我们不应该看不起穷人。 · beyond在此句中作介词用，介词beyond一般有四种用法： ① 在位置上表“在……以外”、“在……的那边”之意。 Our steel works is a mile beyond the town. 我们的钢厂在离城一英里外。 ② 在时刻上表示“过了……”、“比……晚”之意。 Now it is beyond six o'clock. 现在过六点了。 Today he checked the circuit beyond the usual time. 今天他比平时晚些才检查好线路。 ③ 在范围上表示“超过”、“出乎……之外”之意。 【词组】beyond belief难以置信 beyond dispute无可争论　 beyond control不受约束，不受控制 beyond expression难以喻言 ④作“除……外”解。 Beyond this he knows nothing. 除此以外，他一无所知。 I know nothing about the matter beyond what I have read in the magazines.（what从句作beyond的宾语。） 关于这件事，除了我在杂志上所看到的以外，我毫无所知。 3.Outside the main gates of the city stood a huge wooden house. · 此句为倒装句，应为A huge horse made of wood stood outside the main gates of the city. 英语中，倒装句表示强调或引起注意。 The door opened and in came a middle-aged woman. 门开了，进来一位中年妇女， · a huge horse made of wood木制的大马 made of wood为过去分词短语作名词的定语，通常放在这一名词的后面。 4.They sang and danced around the horse, and make jokes about their enemies, the stupid Greeks. 他们围着马唱歌，跳舞，开他们的敌人的玩笑——愚蠢的希腊人。 make jokes about固定词组，意为“以……为笑柄，取笑”。 They made jokes about my old hat. 他们取笑我的旧帽子。 【类似词组】play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑 Let's play a joke on Tom and close the door so that he can't get in. 让我们给汤姆开个玩笑，关上门不让他进来。 have a joke 开玩笑 She was having a joke with Tom. 她正和汤姆开玩笑。 5.It had returned in the darkness when the citizens were celebrating inside. return=come back，go back意为“回来，回去”。return还可作“归还”讲，等于give back，所以return不能与back相连。 Your mother will return in a moment. 你的母亲一会儿就回来， Do not forget to return my key. 不要忘记还我的钥匙。 模块五 重点语法清单 1.现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 2.过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 3.现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　 come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 Fall ill→be ill 　　 Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　 Worry→be worried 　　 Catch a cold→have a cold 4.现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 5.现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 模块六 书面表达清单 四大名著是我国古典文学的瑰宝，也是全国中小学生的必读书目。请你谈谈四大名著中你最喜欢的人物，描述一下人物的外貌、性格及主要事迹，并说说你为什么喜欢他（她）。 注意： 1.请根据提示词，将文章题目补充完整； 2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名； 3.词数在80~100之间； 4.条理清楚，语意连贯，字迹工整。 提示词：《红楼梦》：The Story of the Stone；《三国演义》：Romance of the Three Kingdoms； 《水浒传》：Water Margins；《西游记》： Journey to the West。 My favorite character (s) in ________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例文 My favorite character in Journey to the West Do you like Sun Wukong? He is one of the most popular novel characters in Chinese history. Sun WuKong has yellow hair with a gold hoop and his golden eyes always shine. Sun WuKong is smart, lively and loyal. Both young children and adults love him so much. In my mind, he is a great hero in the Chinese novel Journey to the West. In the novel, Sun Wukong always tries his best to protect Tang Seng when they travel to the Western Paradise. There is one reason why I love him. Sun Wukong was born from a stone. He can change himself into a tree, a bird, or an animal. I think it is cool. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，突出重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍四大名著中你最喜欢的一个人物外貌、性格及主要事迹； 第二步，介绍喜欢的原因。 [亮点词汇] ①one of...……之一 ②tries one’s best to do尽全力去做某事 [高分句型] ①There is one reason why I love him.（定语从句） ②In the novel, Sun Wukong always tries his best to protect Tang Seng when they travel to the Western Paradise.（时间状语从句） 模块七 当堂限时检测 一、单项选择 1．（21-22九年级下·江苏·随堂练习）My robot ______ a virus and it has gone wrong. A．catches B．caught C．is caught D．has caught 2．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary? I ________ mine behind. —Sure. Here you are. A．leave B．have left C．will leave D．was leaving 3．（2024·江西·中考真题）—Oh hi, I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well, you ________ to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A．came B．were coming C．will come D．have come 4．（2024·河北邯郸·二模）I can’t return the magazine to you, because I ________ reading it. A．didn’t finish B．don’t finish C．won’t finish D．haven’t finished 5．（2024·北京房山·二模）Mamianqun, or horse-faced skirt, ________ popularity for many years in China. A．was enjoying B．enjoyed C．has enjoyed D．will enjoy 6．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）—Millie is worried about her brother who has joined the medical team to Africa. —He is so brave! I wonder ________. A．how long he has been to Africa B．whether he has gone to Africa before C．how many times he has been in Africa D．how soon he will return from Africa 7．（2024·广东汕头·三模）—Many cities have MOBIKE now. ________ you ever ________ a Mobike? —No, but I hope to have a try this weekend. A．Do; ride B．Did; ride C．Have; ridden D．Will; ride 8．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years. —Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together. A．in; with B．for; of C．on; in D．from; for 9．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Since I was born, my family ________ in the same flat. A．live B．will live C．are living D．have lived 10．（23-24九年级下·全国·随堂练习）The Forbidden City, now the Palace Museum, _________ to the public for more than eighty years, but I haven’t _________ there so far. A．has opened; gone B．has been open; been C．has been open; gone D．has opened; been 二、单词拼写 11．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江七台河·期末）Great changes have (take) place in the past 20 years. 12．（23-24九年级上·江苏南京·期末）I have never (lie) to anyone since that time I was taught an important lesson. 13．（23-24九年级上·湖北·期末）Have you ever (see) such a beautiful bird? 14．（23-24九年级上·甘肃酒泉·期末）Neither my father nor I (see) the movie before. 15．（23-24九年级上·西藏林芝·期末）When my mother gets home, I (finish) all my homework already. 16．（22-23九年级上·甘肃平凉·期末）I don’t know about him, although I (meet) him several times. 17．（23-24九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）It is the third time he (read) the novel called The Devotion of Suspect X. 18．（23-24九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）China’s first female pilot (complete) their first solo flight recently. 19．（23-24九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）The firemen (control) the fire. You are out of danger now. 20．（23-24九年级上·山东菏泽·期末）You are supposed (manage) your time better and go to bed earlier. 三、阅读理解 （23-24九年级下·上海闵行·阶段练习）The mystery stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle are famous all over the world. The detective in his stories is called Sherlock Holmes. He solves mysteries in a most surprising way. His assistant, Dr Watson, watches with admiration and then writes up the story of the mystery afterwards. This is a useful story writing skill. Because Watson is not very clever, the story remains a mystery until the end. The readers can sometimes pick up some clues before he does! Then, to make Watson understand the mystery, Holmes has to explain it all, step by step. So we, the readers, get to see it step by step too. Watson is almost as good a character in the story as Sherlock Holmes! The very first time they meet, Holmes greatly surprises Watson. When they are first introduced, Holmes says to Watson, “How do you do? I see you have been to Afghanistan (阿富汗).” Watson is too amazed by this to ask Holmes how he knows this. Watson has, indeed, been to Afghanistan. Later, he asks Holmes about it. Holmes explains that there is nothing magical about what he does. He gets to know it all by very, very careful observation (观察). Observation One Watson was introduced to Holmes as a doctor. Yet Holmes thought that the way he stood and walked made him seem like a soldier. So, this meant he was probably an army doctor. Observation Two Watson’s face was quite dark skinned. But his wrists were pale. So his dark face was probably sun burnt. This meant that he had been to a hot, sunny country. Observation Three At the time, the British army had soldiers at bases in many parts of the world. So there were still a lot of places to choose from. However, Holmes saw that Watson looked very tired and he was always holding his left arm, as if it was painful. So, he had probably been with the army to a place where they were fighting. There was only one place where the British army was fighting at that time: Afghanistan. 21．Dr Watson watches Holmes with admiration because ________. A．Holmes solves mysteries in a most surprising way. B．Wastson is not very clever. C．People always come to Holmes for help D．The story of the mystery is written up afterwards. 22．The writer most probably created the character, Dr Watson, to ________. A．give Holmes help when solving mysteries B．show Holmes’ careful observation C．help readers pick up some clues about the mystery D．get readers to see the mystery step by step 23．The first time they meet, ________. A．Holmes explains how he knows Watson has been to Afghanistan B．Holmes surprises Watson by telling that he has been to Afghanistan C．Watson tells Holmes he has been to Afghanistan D．Watson asks Holmes how he knows he has been to Afghanistan 24．In “Observation two”. The underlined words sun burnt probably means ________. A．caused by illness B．made brown by sun C．painted by make-up D．given by his mother. 25．The passage tell us that Watson went to Afghanistan ________. A．fight the enemy for the country B．have a holiday with his friend C．work as an army doctor. D．stay away from the cold, rainy weather of London. 26．From the passage we know that the British army ________ at that time. A．only had soldiers in Afghanistan B．had many army doctors at bases in many parts of the world C．was fighting with several countries D．was fighting with Afghanistan 四、完形填空 （2023·上海金山·一模） Have you ever read the famous novel Robinson Crusoe(《鲁滨逊漂流记》)? Do you know that it was based on a real life story of a Scottish sailor, Alexander Selkirk？ Selkirk was born in Scotland in 1676. As he grew up, he became a sailor(海员). One day, he was asked to fight around South America, while the ship was damaged by the Spanish. He was 27 that the ship would sink, so he tried to land on the next island. The island was Mas a Tierra and it is known as “Robinson Crusoe Island” today. The island in the Pacific was far away, with nobody around, but Selkirk 28 to live there alone for over 4 years. At first, he didn’t realize it would be more than 4 years. He 29 passed the time by reading his Bible(圣经). Though there was nobody else on the island, there were animals, 30 rats, cats and goats. The rats were such fierce animals that he had to use wild cats to protect himself during the night. During the days on the island, there were 31 two ships coming close. Unluckily, they were not friendly and even opened fire on Selkirk, but he escaped successfully. Finally, on the first of February 1709, when two British ships arrived at the island, Selkirk was rescued. It 32 that his choice was right because no long after his landing on the island, the ship sank. The archaeologists(考古学家)today discovered a campsite of a European on this island and it proved the story true. 27．A．surprised B．afraid C．successful D．excited 28．A．managed B．failed C．promised D．wanted 29．A．rarely B．probably C．badly D．mainly 30．A．except B．except for C．including D．include 31．A．at least B．as a result C．at once D．as well 32．A．turned over B．turned out C．turned off D．turned down 五、短文填空 （21-22九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)     Long ago, there lived a sculptor (雕刻家) named Pygmalion in ancient Greece. He was a quiet person and when he was not carving statues, he read poetry and stories.     One day, Pygmalion was sitting in his garden, thinking about his next work of art. S 33 , he ran into his room, where he reached for a huge piece of ivory (象牙). He smiled at the beautiful ivory and set to work. He worked carefully and carved the tusk (象的长牙) into the figure of a woman. He worked day and night until e 34 was perfect.     Pygmalion, normally a quiet man, was not silent as he worked. He would speak to his sculpture. When the statue was complete, Pygmalion looked at her. He knew he had made something great and his love for her g 35 stronger and stronger.     One day, just as the sun began to rise, Pygmalion woke up with a sweet smile on his face. He had dreamed that his sculpture came a 36 , so Pygmalion got out of his bed immediately, eager to share this dream with her. When he touched the sculpture, to his surprise, a gentle smile s 37 over the sculpture’s face and her eyes began to shine. She had become a real human being!     “You have given me life,” the woman spoke gently to Pygmalion. “Your love was so strong that it brought me life!”     Later, in the 1960s, two scientists found that if teachers hoped students would do b 38 , then these students would really have greater performance. They call this the Pygmalion Effect. It was named a 39 this Greek myth. 六、书面表达 40．（2024·山东济宁·二模）假如你是李雷。你的美国笔友 Tom 在昨天的 E-mail 中告诉你，最近他对中国文化产生了浓厚的兴趣，希望你能给他介绍一些经典故事。请你根据下面所给图画，给 Tom 回复一封E-mail，向他讲述这一经典故事，并表达出从这个故事中得出的哲理感悟。 要求： 1.文章需包括所有图画的内容，可以适当发挥，使全文连贯； 2.文中不得出现可能透露考生真实身份的任何信息； 3.100词左右(邮件的开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。 参考词汇：tortoise 乌龟 catch up with 赶上 look down on看不起 give up 放弃 The Rabbit and the Tortoise Dear Tom, I’m very happy that you are interested in traditional Chinese stories. Well, let me tell you a famous one with the name “The Rabbit and the Tortoise”. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I am looking forward to hearing from you. Li Lei 参考答案： 1．D 【详解】句意：我的机器人感染了病毒，出了问题。 考查动词时态。根据“it has gone wrong”可知，机器人感染病毒出了问题，指过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时。故选D。 2．B 【详解】句意：——对不起，我可以用一下你的字典吗？我把我的落下了。——当然。给你。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，字典落下了，所以借用对方的，强调过去的动作对现在造成了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 3．D 【详解】句意：——哦，嗨，我想买双鞋。——嗯，你来对地方了。我们店里有很多鞋子。 考查现在完成时。根据“Well, you ... to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop.”可知，强调来对地方对现在有影响——能买到想要的鞋子，所以用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选D。 4．D 【详解】句意：我不能把杂志还给你，因为我还没看完。 考查动词时态。从句表示原因，“还没看完”，这个动作发生在过去，对现在有影响：“不还杂志”，所以用现在完成时表示。故选D。 5．C 【详解】句意：马面裙在中国已经流行了很多年。 考查时态。根据“for many years”可知，强调动作的延续，用现在完成时。故选C。 6．D 【详解】句意：——米莉很担心她的哥哥，他加入了医疗队去了非洲。——他太勇敢了！我想知道他多久能从非洲回来。 考查宾语从句。how long he has been to Africa表述有误，应用has been in表示“在某地待了多长时间”；whether he has gone to Africa before表述有误，用has been to，表示“是否去过某地”；how many times she has been in Africa表述有误，应用has been to，表示“去过某地”；how soon he’ll return from Africa他多久能从非洲回来。ABC表述错误。故选D。 7．C 【详解】句意：——很多城市现在有摩拜单车了。你骑过摩拜单车吗？——没有，但本周末我希望去试一试。 考查现在完成时。由句中ever和句意可知，本句用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。现在完成时结构为have/has done。故选C。 8．B 【详解】句意：——我非常想念比尔，因为我们已经两年没见面了。——我也是。每当我看到这张照片，都会想起我们一起度过的快乐日子。 考查现在完成时及动词短语。根据“we haven’t seen each other…two years”可知，此处是现在完成时，与“for+一段时间”连用，第一空应填for。第二空考查短语remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”。故选B。 9．D 【详解】句意：自从我出生以来，我的家人就住在同一套公寓里。 考查时态。根据“Since I was born”可知主句用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。 10．B 【详解】句意：紫禁城，现在的故宫博物院，已经对公众开放八十多年了，但是我至今没去过。 考查动词的时态。根据“for more than eight years”可知，此句要用现在完成时，且要用be open表示“开放的状态”；根据“haven’t…there so far”可知要用现在完成时，此处指的是没去过，用been表示。故选B。 11．taken 【详解】句意：在过去的20年里发生了巨大的变化。根据“in the past 20 years”可知，时态用现在完成时，结构为“have done”，take过去分词为taken。故填taken。 12．lied 【详解】句意：自从那次我受到重要的教训以来，我从未对任何人撒谎。此处填过去分词与have构成现在完成时。故填lied。 13．seen 【详解】句意：你见过这么漂亮的鸟吗？分析题干可知，本题时态是现在完成时，结合提示词可知，空格处应填动词see“看见”的过去分词seen。故填seen。 14．have seen 【详解】句意：我爸爸和我之前都没看过这部电影。根据before可知，此处表示的是还没有看过，用现在完成时have/has done；neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语保持一致。故填have seen。 15．have finished 【详解】句意：当我妈妈到家时，我已经完成了所有的作业。根据从句“When my mother gets home,”和句中“already”可知，主句的时态用现在完成时，其结构是have/has+过去分词，主语是I，助动词用have，动词finish“完成”的过去分词为finished。故填have finished。 16．have met 【详解】句意：我不了解他，虽然我见过他几次。根据“several times”可知，此处用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，结构是have done，主语是I，助动词用have，故填have met。 17．has read 【详解】句意：这是他第三次读名为《嫌疑人X的献身》的小说。根据“It is the third time he...”可知此处是结构It is the...time sb. have/has done sth.“这是某人第几次做某事”，主语是he，助动词用has。故填has read。 18．has completed 【详解】句意：最近中国首位女飞行员完成了首次单人飞行。根据“recently”一词可知，此句时态是现在完成时，其构成为have/ has done，China’s first pilot是第三人称单数，助动词需用has，complete需用过去分词completed。故填has completed。 19．have controlled 【详解】句意：消防队员已经控制了火势。你现在脱离了危险。根据“You are out of danger now.”可知，此处指的是“已经控制了火势”，表达影响性，所以用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语是复数名词“The firemen”，所以此处应用have，故填have controlled。 20．to manage 【详解】句意：你应该更好地管理你的时间，早点睡觉。根据“are supposed…”可知，此处考查be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”，固定搭配，此处应用动词不定式to manage。故填to manage。 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．B 25．C 26．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士的神秘故事著名于世界各地。在他的故事中，侦探福尔摩斯以最惊人的方式解决奥秘。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He solves mysteries in a most surprising way. His assistant, Dr Watson, watches with admiration and then writes up the story of the mystery afterwards.”可知，华生医生钦佩地看着福尔摩斯，因为福尔摩斯以一种最令人惊讶的方式解开谜团。故选A。 22．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The readers can sometimes pick up some clues before he does! Then, to make Watson understand the mystery, Holmes has to explain it all, step by step. So we, the readers, get to see it step by step too.”可知，读者有时能在他之前发现一些线索。然后，为了让华生理解这个谜，福尔摩斯必须一步一步地解释这一切。由此可推测出，作家很可能创造了华生医生这个人物，让读者一步步了解这个谜。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The very first time they meet, Holmes greatly surprises Watson.”可知，他们第一次见面时，福尔摩斯告诉华生他去过阿富汗，这让他大吃一惊。故选B。 24．词义猜测题。根据“Watson’s face was quite dark skinned. But his wrists were pale.So his dark face was probably sun burnt.”可知，下划线的sun burnt最有可能得意思是“被太阳晒成棕色”。故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据Observation One下的内容“Watson was introduced to Holmes as a doctor…So, this meant he was probably an army doctor.”可知，沃森去阿富汗当军医。故选C。 26．推理判断题。根据Observation Three下的内容中“There was only one place where the British army was fighting at that time: Afghanistan.”可知，当时英国军队只在一个地方作战: 阿富汗。由此推测出，那时英国军队正在和阿富汗作战。故选D。 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．C 31．A 32．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了《鲁滨逊漂流记》是基于真实故事编写的小说。介绍了主人公Alexander Selkirk发生的真实故事。 27．句意：他担心船会沉没，所以他试图在下一个小岛登陆。 surprised感到吃惊；afraid害怕；successful成功的；excited感到兴奋的。根据“so he tried to land on the next island.”可知，他要登陆，是因为他害怕船会沉。故选B。 28．句意：太平洋上的这个岛很远，周围没有人但是塞尔柯克独自在那里生活了4年多。 managed掌控；failed失败；promised承诺；wanted想要。根据“The island in the Pacific was far away, with nobody around,”“At first, he didn’t realize it would be more than 4 years.”可知，四周没人，他也没意识到在那里生活了4年。可知应是“manage to do sth.”设法做某事。故选A。 29．句意：他主要通过读《圣经》打发时间。 rarely很少地；probably可能地；badly不好地；mainly主要地。根据前文说这儿四周没人，可知，他主要是以读《圣经》打发时间。故选D。 30．句意：虽然岛上没有其他人，但有动物，包括老鼠、猫和山羊。 except除了……之外；except for除了；including包括（介词）；include包括。根据“there were animals”可知横线上应是一个介词，引出包括的动物。故选C。 31．句意：在岛上的日子里，至少有两艘船靠近。 at least至少；as a result结果；at once马上；as well也。根据“Unluckily, they were not friendly and even opened fire on Selkirk, but he escaped successfully.”可知，有船靠近过，由于横线后是数字，所以选项at least至少符合语境，故选A。 32．句意：结果证明他的选择是正确的。 turned over翻过来；turned out结果发现；turned off关上；turned down调小。根据“because no long after his landing on the island, the ship sank. ”可知，船翻了，结果证明，他的选择是对的。故选B。 33．(S)uddenly 34．(e)verything 35．(g)rew 36．(a)live 37．(s)pread 38．(b)etter 39．(a)fter 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个希腊神话故事，雕刻家皮格马利翁在雕刻的过程中爱上了他的作品，并不断地向她灌输爱，最终雕塑活了过来。文章最后还提到了以此命名的皮格马利翁效应：如果老师们对学生报以期待，学生们就会有更好的表现。 33．句意：突然，他跑进房间，伸手去拿一大块象牙。根据前句“ One day, Pygmalion was sitting in his garden, thinking about his next work of art.”和后句“he ran into his room, where he reached for a huge piece of ivory (象牙).”语境，再结合首字母提示可知，应是突然，他跑进房间，伸手去拿一大块象牙，故空处应是suddenly“突然”，副词，句首首字母大写。故填(S)uddenly。 34．句意：他日夜工作，直到一切都完美。根据前句“He worked day and night”和首字母提示可知，应是直到一切都完美，故空处应是everything“每件事情”。故填(e)verything。 35．句意：他知道自己做了一些伟大的事情，他对她的爱越来越强烈。根据空后“stronger and stronger”和首字母提示可知，应是他对她的爱越来越强烈，故空处应是grow“增长”，动词；结合上下文语境可知，句子应用一般过去时，故动词应用过去式。故填(g)rew。 36．句意：他梦见他的雕塑活了过来。根据后句“so Pygmalion got out of his bed immediately, eager to share this dream with her.”和首字母提示可知，应是梦见他的雕塑活了过来，故空处应是alive“活着的”，形容词。故填(a)live。 37．句意：当他触摸雕塑时，令他惊讶的是，雕塑的脸上绽放出温柔的笑容，她的眼睛开始发光。spread over“分散、传开”；结合上下文语境可知，句子应用一般过去时，故动词应用过去式。故填(s)pread。 38．句意：后来，在20世纪60年代，两位科学家发现，如果老师希望学生做得更好，那么这些学生真的会有更好的表现。根据空后句“then these students would really have greater performance.”和首字母提示可知，前句应是如果老师希望学生做得更好，故空处better“更好”，副词，是well的比较级形式。故填(b)etter。 39．句意：它是以希腊神话命名的。be named after“被以……命名”。故填(a)fter。 40．One possible version: Dear Tom, I’m very happy that you are interested in traditional Chinese stories. Well, let me tell you a famous one with the name “The Rabbit and the Tortoise”. Once upon a time, there was a rabbit. It liked running. One day, a tortoise decided to compete with the rabbit. All the animals went to watch the game. At first, the rabbit ran very fast and the tortoise walked very slowly. The rabbit thought it ran so fast that the tortoise wasn’t able to catch up with it. So it fell asleep under a tree. However, the tortoise kept on walking without taking a break. Finally, the tortoise won the game and all the animals cheered for it. This story tells us we should always do everything carefully and shouldn’t look down on others. What’s more, we can’t give up easily, because everything is possible! I am looking forward to hearing from you. Li Lei 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一封电子邮件； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”为主； ③提示：根据所给图片和要求完成写作，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图； 第二步，根据图片介绍这一经典故事以及从中得出的哲理感悟； 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①once upon a time从前 ②compete with sb.和某人比赛/竞争 ③catch up with赶上 ④fell asleep睡着了 ⑤look down on瞧不起 ⑥look forward to期待 [高分句型] The rabbit thought it ran so fast that the tortoise wasn’t able to catch up with it.(so…that引导结果状语从句) 6 原创精品资源独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$