Unit 1 Ancient Greece（知识清单）英语牛津上海版九年级上册

Unit 1 Ancient Greece Ancient Greece 话题 古希腊 词汇 historical, stair, disappea, Troy, beyond, capture, sail, wooden, help, obey, obey, drag, citizen, enemy，stupid，securely 短语 1. at a time(=each time) 每次 2. no longer(=not....any longer) 不再 3. make jokes about sb. (=make fun of sb. )取笑某人 4. succeed (in) doing sth. 成功做某事（=manage to do sth.) 句型 look down at… 向下看着…… pull…into…把……拉进……中 except for除了 have to不得不 make jokes about拿某人开玩笑 wait for等待 not… any longer不再 be succeed in 成功，顺利完成 through a trick通过阴谋诡计；用诡计 语法 现在完成时 考点1. 单词速记 单词 音标 含义 例句 stair /steɪə/ 楼梯 There are 10 stairs leading to the top of the building. at a time /æt ə taɪm/ 一次，每次 I can only do one thing at a time. plain /pleɪn/ 平原 The land was a vast plain. no longer /nəʊ ˈlɒŋɡə/ 不再 I am no longer a student. Troy /troɪ/ 特洛伊 The city of Troy was destroyed by the Greeks. beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ 在...之外，在...较远的一边 The ocean is beyond the horizon. Greek /griːk/ 希腊人 The Greeks were a powerful civilization. capture /ˈkæptʃə/ 夺取，攻占 The army captured the city. wheel /wiːl/ 轮子 The car has four wheels. Trojan /ˈtroʊdʒən/ 特洛伊的 The Trojan horse was a clever trick. drag /dræg/ 拖曳 The horse was dragged into the city. citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ 公民 Everyone in the city is a citizen. joke /dʒəʊk/ 笑话 I told a joke to make him laugh. enemy /ˈɛnəmi/ 敌人 The country was at war with its enemy. securely /siˈkjʊərəli/ 牢固地 The treasure was hidden securely in the cave. go to sleep /ɡəʊ tuː sliːp/ 睡觉 I am going to go to sleep now. including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ 包括 The package has lot of stuff, including a book, a pen, and a pencil. midnight /ˈmɪdnaɪt/ 午夜 The party will end at midnight. except for /ɪkˈsept fɔːr/ 除了 Everyone except for me is going to the party. army /ˈɑːmi/ 军队 The army was sent to fight the enemy. darkness /ˈdɑːknəs/ 黑暗 The room was filled with darkness. seize /siːz/ 抓住 The thief seized the opportunity to escape. succeed /səkˈsiːd/ 成功 He succeeded in his business. fit /fɪt/ 适合 This dress fits me perfectly. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ 拒绝 She refused to help me. manage /ˈmænɪʤ/ 设法完成 I can manage to do it. come on /kʌm ɒn/ 得了吧 Come on, I'm not a fool. independent /ɪnˈdɪˈpɛndənt/ 独立的 The country is independent now. 考点2. 短语速记 1. 木马之夜 the night of the horse 2. 跑下城楼的台阶 come down the stairs 3. 每次 at a time 4. 不再 no longer=not…any longer =no more=not…any more 5.走下台阶 go up the stairs 6. 不一会儿 seconds later=after a while=moments later 7. 站在了高高的城墙上 stand on the high wall of the city 8. 俯视着空旷的平原 look down at the empty plain 9.尽力去做某事 try to do sth. 10.尝试做某事 try doing sth. 11.服从命令 obey orders 12．把。。。拖进。。。 drag…into… 13．所有的市民 all the citizens 14．开玩笑 make a joke (make jokes) 15．确信 make sure=be sure 16．除。。。之外 except for （指从整体中排除某人或某物） except（指将一个或几个人或物从同一类的种类中除外） 17．一匹巨大的木马 a huge wooden horse 18．又等了一小时 wait for another hour 19．打开密门 open the secret door 20．在黑暗中 in the darkness 21．进入 enter=go into 22．通过战斗攻占这个城市 capture the city by fighting 23．成功做某事 succeed in doing sth. 24．把某人送入监狱 send sb. to prison 考点3. historical adj.（有关）历史的 【例句】 e. g. The book is based on historical events. 这本书是根据历史事件写成的。 【拓展】 historical的名词形式是history。 e. g. History is well taught in that school. 那所学校历史教得很好。 考点4. stair n. 阶梯（pl.），楼梯 【例句】 The girl was sitting on the bottom stair. 那个女孩坐在最下面的一级台阶上。 I passed him on the stairs. 我在楼梯上超过了他。 【拓展】 stair-carpet n. 铺在楼梯上的地毯 stairhead n. 楼梯顶；梯口 staircase n. (=stairway)楼[阶]梯，楼梯间[室] 考点5. capture v. 俘获，捕获，夺取 【例句】 They captured an escaped criminal last week. 他们上周抓住一名逃犯。 【拓展】 catch, capture 这两个词都含有“抓住，捕捉”的意思。 (1) catch是常用词，侧重通过追捕、诱捕或突然行动而捉住对方。 e. g. The police caught the thief. 警察抓住了小偷。 (2) capture语气更强，暗示更不利的条件，要通过武力或计谋，战胜困难而捕获对方。 e. g. We captured them alive.我们把他们活捉了。 考点6. help n. 帮忙 【例句】 This map isn't much help. 这张地图用处不大。 【拓展】 help v. 帮助；帮忙 helpful adj.有用的，有帮助的，有益 helpless adj. 需要得到帮助的，无助的 【指点迷津】help , help with与help sb with sth 三者都可以表示“帮助”。 (l)help多用作及物动词，后面跟名词或代词，也可以跟动词不定式或动词不定式的复合结构。不定式可带to也可不带too。 e. g. Some students are helping her. 一些学生正在帮助她。 Sports help people (to) live happily. 运动有助于人们生活愉快。 (2)help with后面直接接名词或代词。 e. g. She has to help with the washing. 她得帮助洗衣服。 (3)help sb with sth表示“帮助某人做某事”。 e. g. John asked me to help him with his lessons this evening. 约翰要我今天晚上帮他复习功课。 考点7.order n. 命令，指示 【例句】 All the soldiers must obey the orders they receive from their captains. 所有的土兵都必须绝对服从来自他们长官的命令。 【拓展】 in order to do sth为了做某事; in order that目的在于，为了。这两个词条可以进行改写。 e. g. In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work. 为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。 此句可改写为：She hurried through her work in order that she could catch the train. 考点8.celebrate v. 庆祝，祝贺 【例句】 We celebrated the New Year with a dance party. 我们举行跳舞晚会庆祝新年。 The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. 许多英雄的名字为诗人所歌颂。 I celelrated my birthday with a big party. 我开了个派对来庆祝我的生日。 【拓展】 【常用搭配】celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节 celebrate one's birthday庆祝某人的生日 celebrate a wedding anniversary庆祝结婚纪念日 celebrate a victory/success庆祝胜利 【知识拓展】celebration n. 庆祝，庆典 e. g. His father held a birthday celebration for him on his birthday. 他父亲在他生日那天为他举办了一个生日庆祝会。 考点9. include v. 包括，包含 【例句】 He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech. 他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。 Your duties include checking the post and distributing it. 你的职责是检查邮件并分发。 【拓展】 这两个单词都含有“包括，包含”的意思。 (l)include强调“包括作为整体的一部分”。 e. g. The list included his name. 这个名单上包括他的名字。 (2)involve指“由于同主体有联系而必须含有”。 e. g. Housekeeping involves cooking, washing and cleaning. 家务包括烹饪、洗衣和清扫。 考点10.secret 【例句】 (1)adj. 秘密的；隐秘的 e. g She escaped through a secret door.她从暗门逃走了。 (2) n. 秘密；机密； 秘诀；窍门 e. g. I can't tell you where we're going-- it's a secret. 我不能告诉你我们要去哪里——这是秘密。 【拓展】 【常用搭配】 in secret秘密地；暗地里 【知识拓展】secretly adv.秘密地 e. g. The government secretly agreed to pay the kidnappers. 政府暗中答应给绑匪赎金。 考点11.darkness n. 黑暗，漆黑 【例句】 e. g. The room was in completely darkness. 房间一片漆黑。 【拓展】 【知识拓展】adj. + ness（后缀）→n. e. g. illness疾病 sickness疾病，恶心 carelessness粗心 kindness仁慈 happiness幸福 brightness明亮，亮度 lightness光亮 考点12.succeed v. 成功；做成 【例句】 e. g. He succeeded in the examination. 他考试及格了。 【拓展】 【常用搭配】succeed in doing sth成功地做某事 e. g. People have succeeded in putting astronauts on the moon. 人类已成功地将宇航员送上月球。 【知识拓展】success n. 成功，成就，胜利 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 顺利地，成功地 e. g. At the age of thirty he won great success in business.在他三十岁的时候他的生意取得了巨大的成功。 My ambition is to be a successful man like my father. 我希望能成为像我爸爸一样成功的人。 语法精讲——现在完成时 1.现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 2.过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 3.现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　 come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 Fall ill→be ill 　　 Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　 Worry→be worried 　　 Catch a cold→have a cold 4.现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 5.现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 Important Sentences structures. 1. The soldier came down the stairs-two at a time. at a time表示“依次，逐一，每次”的意思。 e. g. Take the pills two at a time. 每次服两粒。 She ran up the stairs two at a time. 她一步两阶地跑上楼梯。 2. Outside the main gates of the city stood a huge wooden house. (1)此句为倒装句，应为A huge horse made of wood stood outside the main gates of the city. 英语中，倒装句表示强调或引起注意。 e. g. The door opened and in came a middle-aged woman. 门开了，进来一位中年妇女， (2)a huge horse made of wood木制的大马 made of wood为过去分词短语作名词的定语，通常放在这一名词的后面。 3. It's so big that they couldn’t take it with them. so… that如此……以至于……（中间使用形容词或副词，引导结果状语从句） e. g. They are so excited that they have forgot to go home. 他们是如此高兴以至于忘记了回家。 It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home. 雨下得如此大，以至于我们不得不呆在家中。 【知识拓展】 (1)so…that…后接肯定句可转换成enough to的结构，变成简单句。 e. g. I am so tall that I can reach the shelf. =I am tall enough to reach the shelf. (2)so…that…后接否定句可转换成too…to的结构，变成简单句。 e. g. The box was so heavy that he couldn't carry it.=The box was too heavy for him to carry. 4. So the Trojans dragged it into the city with ropes. drag…with ropes中with表示“以……方式，用……手段”。 e. g. write…with a pen用笔写，…cut…with a knife用刀切…… 【知识拓展】with还可解释为“带有，具有”。 e. g. She is a beautiful girl with long hair. 她是一位有着长头发的漂亮女孩。 The lady got on the bus with a baby in her arm. 这位女士手里抱着一个小孩上了公共汽车。 with还可解释为“随着”。 e. g. With the development of computer science, you can know almost everything without going out. 随着计算机科学的发展，你可以不用出门就可以了解天下。 5. No guards stopped them as they opened the main gates. 句中的as解释为“当……时，正值……”。 e. g. As I walking clown the street I noticed a police car.当我在街上走的时候，我看到了一辆警车。 作为从属连词，三者都有“当……的时候”的意思，但用法稍有不同。 (1) as强调主从句动作或事情同时发生或进行，常译为。一边……一边……”，此时as也可换作when或while。 e. g. As (When/While)I was walking along the road, I noticed a police car in front of a shop. 当我沿着公路行走时，我注意到一家商店门口停着一辆警车。 如果表示两个短时间动作或事件同时发生，最常用as(just as)。 e. g. As I sat down on the chair, he gave me a cup of tea. 就在我在椅子上坐下时，他给了我一杯茶。 (2)when和while意为“当……时候”，when可以表示时间点，也可以表示一段时间，谓语动词是终止性和延续性动词都可。而while只表示“在某一段时间里”，因此它引导的句子中的动词必须是延续性的。 e. g. While(When) we were in Beijing, we saw him twice. 我们在北京的时候，看到过他两次。 When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.(不能用while)当钟声敲响12点时，所有的灯都熄灭了。 【友情提示】while还可用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而，然而”，when也可作并列连词，表示“恰在此时， 就在这时候”，as引导时间状语从句时还可表示“随着”。 I like P. E. , while she likes music. 我喜欢体育，而她喜欢音乐。 I was about to leave when the phone rang. 我刚要离开，这时电话铃响了。 As the time went on, his theory proved to be true. 随着时间流逝，他的理论证明是正确的。 6. It had returned in the darkness when the citizens were celebrating inside. return=come back，go back意为“回来，回去”。return还可作“归还”讲，等于give back，所以return不能与back相连。 e. g. Your mother will return in a moment. 你的母亲一会儿就回来， Do not forget to return my key. 不要忘记还我的钥匙。 7. Now the army entered the city. Enter=come into，go into意为“进入”，所以enter不能与into相连。 e. g. When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stopped talking. 当老师走进教室时，学生们停止说话。 8. Then the Trojans made sure all the gates of the city were securely locked, and they all went to sleep, including the gate guards. make sure表示“确信”，go to sleep表示“入睡，睡着”，注意：including在本句中是介词用法。 e. g. All animals including men feed on plants or other animals. 包括人类在内的所有动物都以植物或其他动物为食。 I’ve got three days, holiday including New Year’s Day. 包括元旦在内我有三天假。 9. For ten years, they could not capture the city by fighting. by在这里解释为“通过”，后跟名词或动名词。 【知识拓展】by还可以在不同的情况下连接宾格、反身代词、时间或地点。 e. g. My wallet was stolen by a thief. 我的钱包被一个小偷偷了。 Can you finish it by yourself? 你能自己完成吗？ By the end of last term, I had learned 800 English words.到上学期期末为止，我已经学会了800个英语单词了。 They were fishing by the river. 他们正在河边钓鱼。 Practice 一、单项选择 1．—Where is your dad, Tom? —He ________ to Shanghai on business (出差). A．has been B．has gone C．went D．is 2．I’m surprised at the new look of Jingdezhen City. It ________ a lot over the past few years. A．changes B．has changed C．will change D．is changing 3．Eric ________ many photos since he came to China. A．is taking B．took C．will take D．has taken 4．I ________ this computer for five years. A．have bought B．bought C．have had D．had 5．—May I speak to John? —Sorry, he ________ Japan. But he ________ in two days, A．has been to; will come back B．has gone to; will be back C．has been in; would come back D．has gone to; won’t come back 6．— Have you finished reading the book Oliver Twist? — Not yet. I ________ it for nearly a month I’m going to the library to renew it. A．have bought B．have borrowed C．have had D．have kept 7．—Would you like to see the movie Lost in Russia with me tonight?   —Sorry. I ________ it. It’s really interesting. A．watch B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching 8．Tina won’t go to Xi’an with us, because she ________ there twice. A．goes B．went C．has been D．has gone 9．—It’s raining! When did it start? —I don’t know exactly. In fact, the weather report says that it ________ for two days. A．lasts B．has lasted C．lasted D．will last 10．—Have you decided which book to write about yet? —______. I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good. A．No, I haven’t B．Yes, I have C．No, I don’t D．Yes, I do 11．This book must be great. My sister ________ it five times. A．has read B．reads C．is reading D．was reading 12．My father ______ for 10 hours, because he was too tired these days. A．falls asleep B．is asleep C．has fallen asleep D．has been asleep 13．—The Smiths have ______ Hong Kong on vacation. —Oh, really? I’ve never ______ there. A．been to; gone to B．gone to; been to C．been to; gone D．gone to; been 14．— Hello! May I speak to Jack? —Sorry. He ________ to the library. A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been 15．—Oh, I am really lost in Hefei during the trip this time. —Yeah. The city ________ a lot since you left five years ago. A．changed B．is changing C．has changed D．will change 16．—_________ reading the book I lent you last month? —Not yet. Only a few pages. A．Do you finish B．Are you finishing C．Were you finishing D．Have you finished 17．—How do you like Mount Huang, Lucy? —Oh, I ________ such a beautiful place before. A．don’t visit B．didn’t visit C．haven’t visited D．can’t visit 18．Students in Bengbu ________ all kinds of after-school activities in the past three years. A．enjoy B．were enjoying C．have enjoyed D．enjoyed 19．Jim ______ Beijing since last November. A．have been B．has left C．has gone to D．has been in 20．—Where is your father? —He ________ Australia and ________ Sydney for two weeks. A．has gone to; has been in B．has been in; has been to C．has gone to; has been to D．has been to; has been in 二、阅读理解 Have you read The Tale of Peter Rabbit? It’s a very famous children’s book, written by Beatrix Potter. Beatrix was born in 1866. She and her brother kept many small animals as pets—rabbits, guinea pigs, and even mice! They both liked to draw their pets, but Beatrix liked drawing animals from her own imagination (想象) most. She also loved drawing nature when they visited beautiful places like Scotland and the Lake District. Beatrix was very clever, and studied archaeological artifacts (考古文物), but she was interested in the study of mushrooms (蘑菇) more than anything else! She even wrote a scientific paper about it, but women at that time couldn’t be scientists. To make some money, Beatrix started drawing cards with animals. She liked writing and drawing illustrations (插图) too. One day, she wrote a letter to her friend’s son, and told the story of Peter Rabbit. She decided to make the story into a book. The Tale of Peter Rabbit was published (出版) in 1902 and it was a great success! She wrote, illustrated and published many more books. In 1905, Beatrix bought a farm in the Lake District. She learned about farming and bought more farms and land. She enjoyed country life very much, and did a great job in protecting the environment. When Beatrix died, she left almost all her farms and land to the National Trust, an organization (组织) which protects historic places. You can even visit Hill Top Farm today, which looks the same as it was when Beatrix lived there! So if you haven’t read The Tale of Peter Rabbit, or other Beatrix Potter’s books, why not visit your school library or bookshop today? 21．What did Beatrix love when young? A．Studying animals. B．Traveling. C．Reading. D．Drawing. 22．What do we know about Beatrix? A．She became a scientist. B．She knew a lot about mushrooms. C．She was good at writing scientific papers. D．She loved animals better than mushrooms. 23．What is said about Beatrix’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit? A．It was successful. B．It was written for her son. C．It was finished with the help of a friend. D．It was first published in 1905. 24．What did Beatrix do with her farms? A．She left them to her son. B．She opened them for free visits. C．She gave them to an organization. D．She sold them to the National Trust. 25．What is the text mainly about? A．A great scientist. B．A famous writer. C．A children’s book. D．A lovely rabbit. 三、完形填空 The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel by the famous American writer Ernest Hemingway. He 26 it in 1951 at the age of 52 and it is one of his best-known works. Three years later Hemingway 27 the Nobel Prize in Literature (文学) for it. The book tells a story of an old fisherman called Santiago. After eighty days without catching a fish in the sea, he is hungry, poor and alone. The other villagers keep away from him because they think his bad luck might make them 28 too. Finally, his luck changes and he hooks (钩) a huge 29 . With much difficulty, he 30 it onto his boat. But his troubles are not over. Some sharks try to take away his fish. He succeeds in fighting off the sharks with the help of a boy named Manolin. 31 , he loses the fish. But he is 32 hopeful about his life. And in the end, he 33 friends with Manolin. I like the character of Santiago 34 he shows a lot of courage (勇气) and perseverance (毅力). The story makes me think a lot, and 35 language is simple and beautiful. I will surely tell my friends about it. I think they will like it, too. 26．A．found. B．wrote C．read D．bought 27．A．sold B．missed C．won D．lost 28．A．worried B．unhappy C．unlucky D．sad 29．A．fish B．seabird C．crocodile D．dolphin 30．A．kills B．brings C．finds D．invites 31．A．Luckily B．Unluckily C．Lucky D．Unlucky 32．A．still B．even C．ever D．never 33．A．invents B．decides C．develops D．makes 34．A．because B．unless C．if D．when 35．A．its B．his C．their D．her 四、短文填空 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给） There was an old apple tree in a farmer’s garden. It was so old that it had stopped producing fruit a long time ago. The only purpose it served was to provide s 36 for the grasshoppers, squirrels (松鼠) and sparrows in the neighborhood. One day, the farmer decided to cut the tree down. He felt it had become c 37 useless. So, taking a sharp axe in his hand, the farmer struck at the roots of the tree. At once there was great fear among the many animals who lived in the tree. “Please, sir, ” they begged him. “Spare this tree’s life. It is our only home. ”But the farmer. only struck harder at the root. “We promised to sing to you in the afternoons when you are t 38 . It would make you feel relaxed, ” begged the animals. But their cries were of no effect. As he raised his axe one more time, s 39 in the hollow of the tree caught his eye. A beehive. When he looked more carefully, he found that it was full of honey. He tasted the honey. It was so sweet.     Suddenly the farmer realized that the tree was not so useless after all. Its hollow was a perfect place for a beehive to rest. And if he took away the honey now, the bees would make more. They would certainly stay there in such an attractive living place, so he would always have honey. “Hey you up there, ” he announced as he t 40 away the axe. “I’m sparing the life of this tree. You can live in peace now. ”     The grasshoppers, squirrels and sparrows breathed a deep sigh of relief. 五、任务型阅读 One day, there was a terrible storm. For twelve days the wind and rain didn’t stop. And soon the ship had holes in its sides. Then all the people fell into the water. Robinson was lucky and the sea carried him to the shore. He didn’t know where he was. Robinson got up and walked around. He was sad. He was wet, cold and hungry, too. It was getting dark. He didn’t know where to sleep, because he was afraid of wild animals attacking (攻击) him in the night. But he found he still had a knife in his pocket. So he cut a big stick to protect himself. Then he climbed up a tree and fixed himself as well as he could among the thick branches (树枝). Soon he was fast asleep. When he was awake the next morning, the storm died down and the sea was quite calm. To his surprise, he found their ship. It didn’t go down in the sea. The first thing he did was swimming to the ship. After he got there, he went to the storeroom. He was happy to find that most of the food was still quite dry. He began to eat some biscuits (饼干) and then checked (检查) the ship. As he moved about, the dog and two cats in the ship ran up to him. They didn’t die in the storm and they were happy to see Robinson. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 41．How long did the storm last (持续)? 42．How did Robinson feel when he got up? 43．Why did not Robinson know where to spend the night? 44．What happened to the ship when Robinson woke up? 45．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? 六、书面表达 46．Lewis Carrol (1832—1898) 英国数学家、逻辑学家和童话作家。他兴趣广泛, 对小说、诗歌、逻辑都颇有造诣。他的两部儿童文学作品——《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》及其续作《爱丽丝镜中奇遇记》一经出版即引起轰动，风靡世界。你认为爱丽丝有什么特点，你从她身上学到了什么？(不少于3句话) What do you think of Alice? What can you learn from her?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Ancient Greece Ancient Greece 话题 古希腊 词汇 historical, stair, disappea, Troy, beyond, capture, sail, wooden, help, obey, obey, drag, citizen, enemy，stupid，securely 短语 1. at a time(=each time) 每次 2. no longer(=not....any longer) 不再 3. make jokes about sb. (=make fun of sb. )取笑某人 4. succeed (in) doing sth. 成功做某事（=manage to do sth.) 句型 look down at… 向下看着…… pull…into…把……拉进……中 except for除了 have to不得不 make jokes about拿某人开玩笑 wait for等待 not… any longer不再 be succeed in 成功，顺利完成 through a trick通过阴谋诡计；用诡计 语法 现在完成时 考点1. 单词速记 单词 音标 含义 例句 stair /steɪə/ 楼梯 There are 10 stairs leading to the top of the building. at a time /æt ə taɪm/ 一次，每次 I can only do one thing at a time. plain /pleɪn/ 平原 The land was a vast plain. no longer /nəʊ ˈlɒŋɡə/ 不再 I am no longer a student. Troy /troɪ/ 特洛伊 The city of Troy was destroyed by the Greeks. beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ 在...之外，在...较远的一边 The ocean is beyond the horizon. Greek /griːk/ 希腊人 The Greeks were a powerful civilization. capture /ˈkæptʃə/ 夺取，攻占 The army captured the city. wheel /wiːl/ 轮子 The car has four wheels. Trojan /ˈtroʊdʒən/ 特洛伊的 The Trojan horse was a clever trick. drag /dræg/ 拖曳 The horse was dragged into the city. citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/ 公民 Everyone in the city is a citizen. joke /dʒəʊk/ 笑话 I told a joke to make him laugh. enemy /ˈɛnəmi/ 敌人 The country was at war with its enemy. securely /siˈkjʊərəli/ 牢固地 The treasure was hidden securely in the cave. go to sleep /ɡəʊ tuː sliːp/ 睡觉 I am going to go to sleep now. including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ 包括 The package has lot of stuff, including a book, a pen, and a pencil. midnight /ˈmɪdnaɪt/ 午夜 The party will end at midnight. except for /ɪkˈsept fɔːr/ 除了 Everyone except for me is going to the party. army /ˈɑːmi/ 军队 The army was sent to fight the enemy. darkness /ˈdɑːknəs/ 黑暗 The room was filled with darkness. seize /siːz/ 抓住 The thief seized the opportunity to escape. succeed /səkˈsiːd/ 成功 He succeeded in his business. fit /fɪt/ 适合 This dress fits me perfectly. refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ 拒绝 She refused to help me. manage /ˈmænɪʤ/ 设法完成 I can manage to do it. come on /kʌm ɒn/ 得了吧 Come on, I'm not a fool. independent /ɪnˈdɪˈpɛndənt/ 独立的 The country is independent now. 考点2. 短语速记 1. 木马之夜 the night of the horse 2. 跑下城楼的台阶 come down the stairs 3. 每次 at a time 4. 不再 no longer=not…any longer =no more=not…any more 5.走下台阶 go up the stairs 6. 不一会儿 seconds later=after a while=moments later 7. 站在了高高的城墙上 stand on the high wall of the city 8. 俯视着空旷的平原 look down at the empty plain 9.尽力去做某事 try to do sth. 10.尝试做某事 try doing sth. 11.服从命令 obey orders 12．把。。。拖进。。。 drag…into… 13．所有的市民 all the citizens 14．开玩笑 make a joke (make jokes) 15．确信 make sure=be sure 16．除。。。之外 except for （指从整体中排除某人或某物） except（指将一个或几个人或物从同一类的种类中除外） 17．一匹巨大的木马 a huge wooden horse 18．又等了一小时 wait for another hour 19．打开密门 open the secret door 20．在黑暗中 in the darkness 21．进入 enter=go into 22．通过战斗攻占这个城市 capture the city by fighting 23．成功做某事 succeed in doing sth. 24．把某人送入监狱 send sb. to prison 考点3. historical adj.（有关）历史的 【例句】 e. g. The book is based on historical events. 这本书是根据历史事件写成的。 【拓展】 historical的名词形式是history。 e. g. History is well taught in that school. 那所学校历史教得很好。 考点4. stair n. 阶梯（pl.），楼梯 【例句】 The girl was sitting on the bottom stair. 那个女孩坐在最下面的一级台阶上。 I passed him on the stairs. 我在楼梯上超过了他。 【拓展】 stair-carpet n. 铺在楼梯上的地毯 stairhead n. 楼梯顶；梯口 staircase n. (=stairway)楼[阶]梯，楼梯间[室] 考点5. capture v. 俘获，捕获，夺取 【例句】 They captured an escaped criminal last week. 他们上周抓住一名逃犯。 【拓展】 catch, capture 这两个词都含有“抓住，捕捉”的意思。 (1) catch是常用词，侧重通过追捕、诱捕或突然行动而捉住对方。 e. g. The police caught the thief. 警察抓住了小偷。 (2) capture语气更强，暗示更不利的条件，要通过武力或计谋，战胜困难而捕获对方。 e. g. We captured them alive.我们把他们活捉了。 考点6. help n. 帮忙 【例句】 This map isn't much help. 这张地图用处不大。 【拓展】 help v. 帮助；帮忙 helpful adj.有用的，有帮助的，有益 helpless adj. 需要得到帮助的，无助的 【指点迷津】help , help with与help sb with sth 三者都可以表示“帮助”。 (l)help多用作及物动词，后面跟名词或代词，也可以跟动词不定式或动词不定式的复合结构。不定式可带to也可不带too。 e. g. Some students are helping her. 一些学生正在帮助她。 Sports help people (to) live happily. 运动有助于人们生活愉快。 (2)help with后面直接接名词或代词。 e. g. She has to help with the washing. 她得帮助洗衣服。 (3)help sb with sth表示“帮助某人做某事”。 e. g. John asked me to help him with his lessons this evening. 约翰要我今天晚上帮他复习功课。 考点7.order n. 命令，指示 【例句】 All the soldiers must obey the orders they receive from their captains. 所有的土兵都必须绝对服从来自他们长官的命令。 【拓展】 in order to do sth为了做某事; in order that目的在于，为了。这两个词条可以进行改写。 e. g. In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work. 为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。 此句可改写为：She hurried through her work in order that she could catch the train. 考点8.celebrate v. 庆祝，祝贺 【例句】 We celebrated the New Year with a dance party. 我们举行跳舞晚会庆祝新年。 The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. 许多英雄的名字为诗人所歌颂。 I celelrated my birthday with a big party. 我开了个派对来庆祝我的生日。 【拓展】 【常用搭配】celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节 celebrate one's birthday庆祝某人的生日 celebrate a wedding anniversary庆祝结婚纪念日 celebrate a victory/success庆祝胜利 【知识拓展】celebration n. 庆祝，庆典 e. g. His father held a birthday celebration for him on his birthday. 他父亲在他生日那天为他举办了一个生日庆祝会。 考点9. include v. 包括，包含 【例句】 He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech. 他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。 Your duties include checking the post and distributing it. 你的职责是检查邮件并分发。 【拓展】 这两个单词都含有“包括，包含”的意思。 (l)include强调“包括作为整体的一部分”。 e. g. The list included his name. 这个名单上包括他的名字。 (2)involve指“由于同主体有联系而必须含有”。 e. g. Housekeeping involves cooking, washing and cleaning. 家务包括烹饪、洗衣和清扫。 考点10.secret 【例句】 (1)adj. 秘密的；隐秘的 e. g She escaped through a secret door.她从暗门逃走了。 (2) n. 秘密；机密； 秘诀；窍门 e. g. I can't tell you where we're going-- it's a secret. 我不能告诉你我们要去哪里——这是秘密。 【拓展】 【常用搭配】 in secret秘密地；暗地里 【知识拓展】secretly adv.秘密地 e. g. The government secretly agreed to pay the kidnappers. 政府暗中答应给绑匪赎金。 考点11.darkness n. 黑暗，漆黑 【例句】 e. g. The room was in completely darkness. 房间一片漆黑。 【拓展】 【知识拓展】adj. + ness（后缀）→n. e. g. illness疾病 sickness疾病，恶心 carelessness粗心 kindness仁慈 happiness幸福 brightness明亮，亮度 lightness光亮 考点12.succeed v. 成功；做成 【例句】 e. g. He succeeded in the examination. 他考试及格了。 【拓展】 【常用搭配】succeed in doing sth成功地做某事 e. g. People have succeeded in putting astronauts on the moon. 人类已成功地将宇航员送上月球。 【知识拓展】success n. 成功，成就，胜利 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 顺利地，成功地 e. g. At the age of thirty he won great success in business.在他三十岁的时候他的生意取得了巨大的成功。 My ambition is to be a successful man like my father. 我希望能成为像我爸爸一样成功的人。 语法精讲——现在完成时 1.现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 2.过去分词变化规则如下： 1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点： （1）一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。 work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited （2）以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　 live→lived→lived （3）以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。 study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried （4）重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。 stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped 2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit 3.现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　 come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 Fall ill→be ill 　　 Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　 Worry→be worried 　　 Catch a cold→have a cold 4.现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等 5.现在完成时与一般过去时区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 Important Sentences structures. 1. The soldier came down the stairs-two at a time. at a time表示“依次，逐一，每次”的意思。 e. g. Take the pills two at a time. 每次服两粒。 She ran up the stairs two at a time. 她一步两阶地跑上楼梯。 2. Outside the main gates of the city stood a huge wooden house. (1)此句为倒装句，应为A huge horse made of wood stood outside the main gates of the city. 英语中，倒装句表示强调或引起注意。 e. g. The door opened and in came a middle-aged woman. 门开了，进来一位中年妇女， (2)a huge horse made of wood木制的大马 made of wood为过去分词短语作名词的定语，通常放在这一名词的后面。 3. It's so big that they couldn’t take it with them. so… that如此……以至于……（中间使用形容词或副词，引导结果状语从句） e. g. They are so excited that they have forgot to go home. 他们是如此高兴以至于忘记了回家。 It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home. 雨下得如此大，以至于我们不得不呆在家中。 【知识拓展】 (1)so…that…后接肯定句可转换成enough to的结构，变成简单句。 e. g. I am so tall that I can reach the shelf. =I am tall enough to reach the shelf. (2)so…that…后接否定句可转换成too…to的结构，变成简单句。 e. g. The box was so heavy that he couldn't carry it.=The box was too heavy for him to carry. 4. So the Trojans dragged it into the city with ropes. drag…with ropes中with表示“以……方式，用……手段”。 e. g. write…with a pen用笔写，…cut…with a knife用刀切…… 【知识拓展】with还可解释为“带有，具有”。 e. g. She is a beautiful girl with long hair. 她是一位有着长头发的漂亮女孩。 The lady got on the bus with a baby in her arm. 这位女士手里抱着一个小孩上了公共汽车。 with还可解释为“随着”。 e. g. With the development of computer science, you can know almost everything without going out. 随着计算机科学的发展，你可以不用出门就可以了解天下。 5. No guards stopped them as they opened the main gates. 句中的as解释为“当……时，正值……”。 e. g. As I walking clown the street I noticed a police car.当我在街上走的时候，我看到了一辆警车。 作为从属连词，三者都有“当……的时候”的意思，但用法稍有不同。 (1) as强调主从句动作或事情同时发生或进行，常译为。一边……一边……”，此时as也可换作when或while。 e. g. As (When/While)I was walking along the road, I noticed a police car in front of a shop. 当我沿着公路行走时，我注意到一家商店门口停着一辆警车。 如果表示两个短时间动作或事件同时发生，最常用as(just as)。 e. g. As I sat down on the chair, he gave me a cup of tea. 就在我在椅子上坐下时，他给了我一杯茶。 (2)when和while意为“当……时候”，when可以表示时间点，也可以表示一段时间，谓语动词是终止性和延续性动词都可。而while只表示“在某一段时间里”，因此它引导的句子中的动词必须是延续性的。 e. g. While(When) we were in Beijing, we saw him twice. 我们在北京的时候，看到过他两次。 When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.(不能用while)当钟声敲响12点时，所有的灯都熄灭了。 【友情提示】while还可用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而，然而”，when也可作并列连词，表示“恰在此时， 就在这时候”，as引导时间状语从句时还可表示“随着”。 I like P. E. , while she likes music. 我喜欢体育，而她喜欢音乐。 I was about to leave when the phone rang. 我刚要离开，这时电话铃响了。 As the time went on, his theory proved to be true. 随着时间流逝，他的理论证明是正确的。 6. It had returned in the darkness when the citizens were celebrating inside. return=come back，go back意为“回来，回去”。return还可作“归还”讲，等于give back，所以return不能与back相连。 e. g. Your mother will return in a moment. 你的母亲一会儿就回来， Do not forget to return my key. 不要忘记还我的钥匙。 7. Now the army entered the city. Enter=come into，go into意为“进入”，所以enter不能与into相连。 e. g. When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stopped talking. 当老师走进教室时，学生们停止说话。 8. Then the Trojans made sure all the gates of the city were securely locked, and they all went to sleep, including the gate guards. make sure表示“确信”，go to sleep表示“入睡，睡着”，注意：including在本句中是介词用法。 e. g. All animals including men feed on plants or other animals. 包括人类在内的所有动物都以植物或其他动物为食。 I’ve got three days, holiday including New Year’s Day. 包括元旦在内我有三天假。 9. For ten years, they could not capture the city by fighting. by在这里解释为“通过”，后跟名词或动名词。 【知识拓展】by还可以在不同的情况下连接宾格、反身代词、时间或地点。 e. g. My wallet was stolen by a thief. 我的钱包被一个小偷偷了。 Can you finish it by yourself? 你能自己完成吗？ By the end of last term, I had learned 800 English words.到上学期期末为止，我已经学会了800个英语单词了。 They were fishing by the river. 他们正在河边钓鱼。 Practice 一、单项选择 1．—Where is your dad, Tom? —He ________ to Shanghai on business (出差). A．has been B．has gone C．went D．is 2．I’m surprised at the new look of Jingdezhen City. It ________ a lot over the past few years. A．changes B．has changed C．will change D．is changing 3．Eric ________ many photos since he came to China. A．is taking B．took C．will take D．has taken 4．I ________ this computer for five years. A．have bought B．bought C．have had D．had 5．—May I speak to John? —Sorry, he ________ Japan. But he ________ in two days, A．has been to; will come back B．has gone to; will be back C．has been in; would come back D．has gone to; won’t come back 6．— Have you finished reading the book Oliver Twist? — Not yet. I ________ it for nearly a month I’m going to the library to renew it. A．have bought B．have borrowed C．have had D．have kept 7．—Would you like to see the movie Lost in Russia with me tonight?   —Sorry. I ________ it. It’s really interesting. A．watch B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching 8．Tina won’t go to Xi’an with us, because she ________ there twice. A．goes B．went C．has been D．has gone 9．—It’s raining! When did it start? —I don’t know exactly. In fact, the weather report says that it ________ for two days. A．lasts B．has lasted C．lasted D．will last 10．—Have you decided which book to write about yet? —______. I’ve already finished reading it. It was really good. A．No, I haven’t B．Yes, I have C．No, I don’t D．Yes, I do 11．This book must be great. My sister ________ it five times. A．has read B．reads C．is reading D．was reading 12．My father ______ for 10 hours, because he was too tired these days. A．falls asleep B．is asleep C．has fallen asleep D．has been asleep 13．—The Smiths have ______ Hong Kong on vacation. —Oh, really? I’ve never ______ there. A．been to; gone to B．gone to; been to C．been to; gone D．gone to; been 14．— Hello! May I speak to Jack? —Sorry. He ________ to the library. A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been 15．—Oh, I am really lost in Hefei during the trip this time. —Yeah. The city ________ a lot since you left five years ago. A．changed B．is changing C．has changed D．will change 16．—_________ reading the book I lent you last month? —Not yet. Only a few pages. A．Do you finish B．Are you finishing C．Were you finishing D．Have you finished 17．—How do you like Mount Huang, Lucy? —Oh, I ________ such a beautiful place before. A．don’t visit B．didn’t visit C．haven’t visited D．can’t visit 18．Students in Bengbu ________ all kinds of after-school activities in the past three years. A．enjoy B．were enjoying C．have enjoyed D．enjoyed 19．Jim ______ Beijing since last November. A．have been B．has left C．has gone to D．has been in 20．—Where is your father? —He ________ Australia and ________ Sydney for two weeks. A．has gone to; has been in B．has been in; has been to C．has gone to; has been to D．has been to; has been in 二、阅读理解 Have you read The Tale of Peter Rabbit? It’s a very famous children’s book, written by Beatrix Potter. Beatrix was born in 1866. She and her brother kept many small animals as pets—rabbits, guinea pigs, and even mice! They both liked to draw their pets, but Beatrix liked drawing animals from her own imagination (想象) most. She also loved drawing nature when they visited beautiful places like Scotland and the Lake District. Beatrix was very clever, and studied archaeological artifacts (考古文物), but she was interested in the study of mushrooms (蘑菇) more than anything else! She even wrote a scientific paper about it, but women at that time couldn’t be scientists. To make some money, Beatrix started drawing cards with animals. She liked writing and drawing illustrations (插图) too. One day, she wrote a letter to her friend’s son, and told the story of Peter Rabbit. She decided to make the story into a book. The Tale of Peter Rabbit was published (出版) in 1902 and it was a great success! She wrote, illustrated and published many more books. In 1905, Beatrix bought a farm in the Lake District. She learned about farming and bought more farms and land. She enjoyed country life very much, and did a great job in protecting the environment. When Beatrix died, she left almost all her farms and land to the National Trust, an organization (组织) which protects historic places. You can even visit Hill Top Farm today, which looks the same as it was when Beatrix lived there! So if you haven’t read The Tale of Peter Rabbit, or other Beatrix Potter’s books, why not visit your school library or bookshop today? 21．What did Beatrix love when young? A．Studying animals. B．Traveling. C．Reading. D．Drawing. 22．What do we know about Beatrix? A．She became a scientist. B．She knew a lot about mushrooms. C．She was good at writing scientific papers. D．She loved animals better than mushrooms. 23．What is said about Beatrix’s The Tale of Peter Rabbit? A．It was successful. B．It was written for her son. C．It was finished with the help of a friend. D．It was first published in 1905. 24．What did Beatrix do with her farms? A．She left them to her son. B．She opened them for free visits. C．She gave them to an organization. D．She sold them to the National Trust. 25．What is the text mainly about? A．A great scientist. B．A famous writer. C．A children’s book. D．A lovely rabbit. 三、完形填空 The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel by the famous American writer Ernest Hemingway. He 26 it in 1951 at the age of 52 and it is one of his best-known works. Three years later Hemingway 27 the Nobel Prize in Literature (文学) for it. The book tells a story of an old fisherman called Santiago. After eighty days without catching a fish in the sea, he is hungry, poor and alone. The other villagers keep away from him because they think his bad luck might make them 28 too. Finally, his luck changes and he hooks (钩) a huge 29 . With much difficulty, he 30 it onto his boat. But his troubles are not over. Some sharks try to take away his fish. He succeeds in fighting off the sharks with the help of a boy named Manolin. 31 , he loses the fish. But he is 32 hopeful about his life. And in the end, he 33 friends with Manolin. I like the character of Santiago 34 he shows a lot of courage (勇气) and perseverance (毅力). The story makes me think a lot, and 35 language is simple and beautiful. I will surely tell my friends about it. I think they will like it, too. 26．A．found. B．wrote C．read D．bought 27．A．sold B．missed C．won D．lost 28．A．worried B．unhappy C．unlucky D．sad 29．A．fish B．seabird C．crocodile D．dolphin 30．A．kills B．brings C．finds D．invites 31．A．Luckily B．Unluckily C．Lucky D．Unlucky 32．A．still B．even C．ever D．never 33．A．invents B．decides C．develops D．makes 34．A．because B．unless C．if D．when 35．A．its B．his C．their D．her 四、短文填空 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给） There was an old apple tree in a farmer’s garden. It was so old that it had stopped producing fruit a long time ago. The only purpose it served was to provide s 36 for the grasshoppers, squirrels (松鼠) and sparrows in the neighborhood. One day, the farmer decided to cut the tree down. He felt it had become c 37 useless. So, taking a sharp axe in his hand, the farmer struck at the roots of the tree. At once there was great fear among the many animals who lived in the tree. “Please, sir, ” they begged him. “Spare this tree’s life. It is our only home. ”But the farmer. only struck harder at the root. “We promised to sing to you in the afternoons when you are t 38 . It would make you feel relaxed, ” begged the animals. But their cries were of no effect. As he raised his axe one more time, s 39 in the hollow of the tree caught his eye. A beehive. When he looked more carefully, he found that it was full of honey. He tasted the honey. It was so sweet.     Suddenly the farmer realized that the tree was not so useless after all. Its hollow was a perfect place for a beehive to rest. And if he took away the honey now, the bees would make more. They would certainly stay there in such an attractive living place, so he would always have honey. “Hey you up there, ” he announced as he t 40 away the axe. “I’m sparing the life of this tree. You can live in peace now. ”     The grasshoppers, squirrels and sparrows breathed a deep sigh of relief. 五、任务型阅读 One day, there was a terrible storm. For twelve days the wind and rain didn’t stop. And soon the ship had holes in its sides. Then all the people fell into the water. Robinson was lucky and the sea carried him to the shore. He didn’t know where he was. Robinson got up and walked around. He was sad. He was wet, cold and hungry, too. It was getting dark. He didn’t know where to sleep, because he was afraid of wild animals attacking (攻击) him in the night. But he found he still had a knife in his pocket. So he cut a big stick to protect himself. Then he climbed up a tree and fixed himself as well as he could among the thick branches (树枝). Soon he was fast asleep. When he was awake the next morning, the storm died down and the sea was quite calm. To his surprise, he found their ship. It didn’t go down in the sea. The first thing he did was swimming to the ship. After he got there, he went to the storeroom. He was happy to find that most of the food was still quite dry. He began to eat some biscuits (饼干) and then checked (检查) the ship. As he moved about, the dog and two cats in the ship ran up to him. They didn’t die in the storm and they were happy to see Robinson. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 41．How long did the storm last (持续)? 42．How did Robinson feel when he got up? 43．Why did not Robinson know where to spend the night? 44．What happened to the ship when Robinson woke up? 45．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? 六、书面表达 46．Lewis Carrol (1832—1898) 英国数学家、逻辑学家和童话作家。他兴趣广泛, 对小说、诗歌、逻辑都颇有造诣。他的两部儿童文学作品——《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》及其续作《爱丽丝镜中奇遇记》一经出版即引起轰动，风靡世界。你认为爱丽丝有什么特点，你从她身上学到了什么？(不少于3句话) What do you think of Alice? What can you learn from her?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1．B 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪里，汤姆？——他到上海出差去了。 考查现在完成时。has been (to)去过某地，已回来；has gone (to)去了某地，还未回来；went为go的过去式，用于一般过去时；is为be动词，用于一般现在时。由“Where is your dad, Tom?” 和“to Shanghai on business”证明Tom的爸爸现在不在此地，已经去了上海，要用has gone。故选B。 2．B 【详解】句意：我对景德镇市的新面貌感到惊讶。在过去的几年里，它发生了很大的变化。 考查时态。根据“over the past few years”可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成影响，时态为现在完成时。故选B。 3．D 【详解】句意：埃里克自从来中国后拍了很多照片。 考查时态。句子为since引导的时间状语从句，根据“since he came to China”可知，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。故选D。 4．C 【详解】句意：我买这台电脑已经五年了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for five years.”可知，本句用现在完成时，结构为：主语+have/has done，排除BD选项；现在完成时中表示持续一段时间时，动词用延续动词，buy是短暂性动词，排除，have符合。故选C。 5．B 【详解】句意：——我可以和约翰讲话吗？——抱歉，他去了日本。但他两天后就会回来。 考查动词的时态。has been to曾经去过；has gone to去了某地没回来；has been in待在某地。根据“Sorry, he…Japan.”可知，此处指“约翰去了日本”，用has gone to。根据“But he…in two days.”可知，他两天后就会回来，故第二空填will be back。故选B。 6．D 【详解】句意：—— 你读完《雾都孤儿》这本书了吗？ —— 还没有。我已经借了将近一个月了，我打算去图书馆续借。 考查现在完成时延续性和非延续性动词。have bought买；have borrowed借；have had拥有；have kept保持，保留。根据后文“I’m going to the library to renew it.”可知，要去图书馆续借这本书，前一句描述的是这本书已经借过来将近一个月，空处应该填表示“持有，保留”的词，“for nearly a month ”是一段时间，需要和延续性动词连用。故填D。 7．B 【详解】句意：——你今晚想和我一起看《囧妈》这部电影吗？ ——对不起。我已经看过了。真的有趣。 考查现在完成时。watch观看。选项A是动词原形；选项B是现在完成时；选项C是一般将来时；选项D是过去进行时。根据“It’s really interesting.”可知，答话人看过这部电影了，已经对电影的内容了解了，因此应该用现在完成时。故选B。 8．C 【详解】句意：蒂娜不会和我们一起去西安，因为她去过那里两次了。 考查时态。goes去；went去，过去式；has been to表示去过，并且已经回来了；has gone to表示去了，但是还没回来。根据twice可知，此处表示去过那里两次，且已经回来了，there是地点副词，其前不用介词to。故选C。 9．B 【详解】句意：——下雨了！什么时候开始的？——我并不确切知道。事实上，天气预报说它已经持续了两天。 考查时态辨析。lasts持续，单三形式，用于一般现在时；has lasted已经持续，现在完成时；lasted持续，动词过去式，用于一般过去时；will last将持续，用于一般将来时。根据“It’s raining! When did it start?”及“I don’t know exactly. In fact, the weather report says that it…for two days.”可知，下雨的事件发生在过去，现在还在持续，应用现在完成时，其结构have/has+done，主语为it，助动词应用has。故选B。 10．B 【详解】句意：——你决定写哪本书了吗？——是的。我已经读完了。真的很好。 考查现在完成时的一般疑问句。由“Have you decided which book to write about yet”可知，句子是现在完成时的疑问句，应用have作肯定和否定回答，排除C和D；又由“I’ve already finished reading it”可知，应作肯定回答，助动词还用have。故选B。 11．A 【详解】句意：这本书一定很棒。我妹妹已经读了五遍。 考查时态。根据“My sister...it five times.”可知，此处强调动作已经完成的次数，应用现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，故选A。 12．D 【详解】句意：我爸爸已经睡了10个小时了，因为这几天他太累了。 考查现在完成时。be asleep入睡，睡着，延续性动词；fall asleep入睡，瞬间动词。根据“for over ten hours”可知，此句是现在完成时(have/has done)，且谓语动词用延续性动词，故选D。 13．D 【详解】句意：——史密斯一家去香港度假了。——哦，真的吗？我从来没去过那里。 考查现在完成时。have/has been to去过某地（已回）；have/has gone to去了某地（未回）；根据第一空处描述可知，史密斯一家去了香港，但没有回来，所以第一空处需用have gone to，排除选项A和C；第二空处需用have been to表示没有去过某地，空后there是地点副词，所以此处省略介词to。故选D。 14．C 【详解】句意：——你好！我可以和Jack说话吗？——抱歉。他去了图书馆。 考查现在完成时及have been to和have gone to的辨析。have been to+地点：去过某地已回来；have gone to+地点：去了某地还未回来。根据“May I speak to Jack”和“Sorry”可知Jack在过去某个时间去了图书馆还未回来，而造成的影响是现在不能接电话，所以应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故选C。 15．C 【详解】句意：——哎，这次旅行真的在合肥迷路了。——是的。自从你五年前离开以来，这座城市发生了很大变化。 考查动词时态。结合“since”，可知此处需用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选C。 16．D 【详解】句意：——我上个月借给你的那本书你看完了吗？——现在还没有。只有几页。 考查动词时态。根据“Not yet.”可知，应该是询问到目前为止看完了那本书吗，因此设空处是现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”。故选D。 17．C 【详解】句意：——Lucy，你觉得黄山怎么样？——哦，我以前从未去过这么美丽的地方。 考查时态。根据“before”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 18．C 【详解】句意：在过去的三年里，蚌埠的学生们享受着各种各样的课外活动。 考查时态。根据“in the past three years”可知句子是现在完成时，动词结构为have/has done。故选C。 19．D 【详解】句意：自去年11月以来，吉姆一直在北京。 考查动词时态。have been已经；has left已经离开；has gone to去了某地；have been in一直在某地。根据“since last November”表示一段时间，所以句子的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，left是leave的过去式，意为“离开”，是短暂性动词，排除B；has gone to表示“去了某地”，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，排除D；has been in表示“一直在某地”，可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，主语Jim是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选D。 20．A 【详解】句意：——你爸爸在哪？——他去了澳大利亚，他在悉尼待两周。 考查现在完成时的用法。has been to表示“曾经去过某地，但现在已不在那个地方”；has gone to表示“已经去了某地，或正在去某地的途中”（即“不在这里”）；has been in是延续性动词，结合“Where is your father”及“Australia”，爸爸去了澳大利亚，还没有回来，所以第一空用has gone to；与for时间段连用，要用延续性的动作。故选A。 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了著名的儿童读物《彼得兔的故事》的作者Beatrix Potter的个人经历。 21．细节理解题。根据“Beatrix was born in 1866. She and her brother kept many small animals as pets—rabbits, guinea pigs, and even mice! They both liked to draw their pets, but Beatrix liked drawing animals from her own imagination (想象) most.”可知，Beatrix小的时候喜欢画画。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据“but she was interested in the study of mushrooms (蘑菇) more than anything else! She even wrote a scientific paper about it”可知，Beatrix对蘑菇了解很多。故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“The Tale of Peter Rabbit was published (出版) in 1902 and it was a great success!”可知，《彼得兔的故事》于1902年出版，取得了巨大的成功！故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据“When Beatrix died, she left almost all her farms and land to the National Trust, an organization (组织) which protects historic places.”可知，Beatrix去世后，她将几乎所有的农场和土地留给了保护历史遗迹的国家信托基金会。故选C。 25．主旨大意题。根据“Have you read The Tale of Peter Rabbit? It’s a very famous children’s book, written by Beatrix Potter.”可知，本文主要介绍了《彼得兔的故事》的作者Beatrix Potter。故选B。 26．B 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．A 35．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了著名小说《老人与海》的故事内容以及作者的读后感悟。 26．句意：他在1951年52岁时写了这部小说，这是他最著名的作品之一。 found发现；wrote写；read阅读；bought买。由“it is one of his best-known works”可知，这是他最著名的作品之一，证明这部小说是他写的，wrote符合语境。故选B。 27．句意：三年后，海明威因此获得了诺贝尔文学奖。 sold卖；missed错过；won赢得；lost失去。 由上文的“his best-known works”和空后的“ the Nobel Prize in Literature ”可知，是赢得了诺贝尔文学奖，故选C。 28．句意：其他村民都躲着他，因为他们认为他的坏运气可能会使他们也倒霉。 worried担忧的；unhappy不开心的；unlucky不幸的；sad伤心的。由“The other villagers keep away from him because they think his bad luck might make them”可知，其他村民远离他，是因为他们认为他的坏运气会让他们也不幸，故选C。 29．句意：最后，他的运气变了，他钓到了一条大鱼。 fish鱼；seabird海鸟；crocodile鳄鱼；dolphin海豚。由下文“Some sharks try to take away his fish.”可知，他钓到了一条大鱼。故选A。 30．句意：费了好大劲，他才把它搬上了船。 kills杀死；brings带来；finds找到；invites邀请。钓到鱼之后，应该是把鱼带到船上，brings符合语境。故选B。 31．句意：不幸的是，他失去了鱼。 Luckily幸运地；Unluckily不幸地；Lucky幸运的；Unlucky不幸的。由“he loses the fish”可知，他失去了鱼，应该是不幸地，空处要填副词修饰整个句子，故填Unluckily。故选B。 32．句意：但他仍然对自己的生活充满希望。 still仍然；even甚至；ever曾经；never决不。由空前“he loses the fish. But he is” 可知，他失去了鱼，但是他仍然对生活充满希望，still符合语境。故选A。 33．句意：最后，他和Manolin成了朋友。 invents发明；decides决定；develops发展；makes制作。make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，为固定搭配，故填makes。故选D。 34．句意：我喜欢圣地亚哥这个角色，因为它表现出了无限的勇气和毅力。 because因为；unless除非；if如果；when当……时。空后为喜欢这个角色的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。 35．句意：这个故事让我思考了很多，它的语言简单而美丽。 its它的；his他的；their他们的；her她的。由“The story makes me think a lot, and...language”可知，空处指“这个故事的”语言，要用形容词性物主代词its来修饰 language。故选A。 36．(s)helter 37．(c)ompletely 38．(t)ired 39．(s)omething 40．(t)hrew 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个农民决定砍掉一棵老苹果树，但在动手之前，他意外发现树洞里有一个蜂巢，里面装满了蜂蜜。农民意识到树并不是那么无用，蜂巢在树洞里是一个完美的安家之所，他决定保留树，并让蜜蜂继续生产蜂蜜。这让周围的蚱蜢、松鼠和麻雀松了一口气。 36．句意：它唯一的作用就是给附近的蚱蜢、松鼠和麻雀提供庇护所。根据后文“It is our only home.”可知，此处是指它唯一的作用就是给附近的蚱蜢、松鼠和麻雀提供庇护所，shelter“庇护处”符合语境。故填(s)helter。 37．句意：他觉得它已经变得毫无用处了。根据“He felt it had become c…useless.”可知，空处缺少副词修饰useless，completely“完全地”符合语境。故填(c)ompletely。 38．句意：我们答应在下午你累的时候唱歌给你听。根据“It would make you feel relaxed”可知，此处是指我们答应在下午你累的时候唱歌给你听，tired“累的”符合语境。故填(t)ired。 39．句意：当他再次举起斧头时，树洞里有个东西吸引了他的目光。根据“When he looked more carefully, he found that it was full of honey.”可知，树洞里有个东西吸引了他的目光，something“某物”符合语境。故填(s)omething。 40．句意：他扔掉斧头宣布。throw away“丢弃”，由announced可知时态是一般过去时。故填(t)hrew。 41．12 days. 42．He felt sad. 43．Because he felt afraid of wild animals attacking him. 44．He found that the ship didn’t go down. 45．The dog and two cats. 【导语】本文节选自《鲁宾逊漂流记》，主要讲述了鲁滨逊所乘坐的船遭遇了暴风雨后发生的故事。 41．根据“One day, there was a terrible storm. For twelve days the wind and rain didn’t stop.”可知，暴风雨持续了12天。故填12 days. 42．根据“Robinson got up and walked around. He was sad.”可知，他感到难过。故填He felt sad. 43．根据“He didn’t know where to sleep, because he was afraid of wild animals attacking (攻击) him in the night.”可知，因为他害怕野生动物在夜间攻击他。故填Because he felt afraid of wild animals attacking him. 44．根据“When he was awake the next morning, the storm died down and the sea was quite calm. To his surprise, he found their ship. It didn’t go down in the sea.”可知，他发现船没有沉没。故填He found that the ship didn’t go down. 45．根据“As he moved about, the dog and two cats in the ship ran up to him. They didn’t die in the storm and they were happy to see Robinson.”可知，They指代上句提到的狗和两只猫。故填The dog and two cats. 46．   例文      Alice is a very lovely little girl. She is lively and full of curiosity. She can distinguish right from wrong and she is compassionate. I realize that growing up is an adventure, which requires constant exploration and constant courage to move forward. Only in this way can we reap the fruits of growth. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇小作文； ②时态：本文的时态为一般现在时； ③提示：注意涵盖两点，一是爱丽丝的特点，二是学到什么。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍爱丽丝的特点； 第二步，叙述自己学到的内容。 [亮点词汇] ①full of充满 ②reap收获 ③in this way使用这种方法 [高分句型] I realize that growing up is an adventure, which requires constant exploration and constant courage to move forward.（定语从句及动名词作主语） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$