精品解析：北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

北京市西城区2023—2024学年度第二学期期末试卷 高二英语 2024. 7 本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第Ⅰ卷(共83分) Ⅰ. 听力理解(共三节，30分) 第一节：(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分) 听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. Where is Daisy from? A. America. B. Italy. C. Greece. 2. What does the woman plan to do during the summer vacation? A. Go to Paris. B. Visit her cousins. C. Start a night school. 3. Who will give the report on Friday? A. The man. B. The woman. C. The woman’s assistant. 4. Where will the man have dinner? A. In his home. B. At his aunt’s place. C. In his grandfather’s house. 第二节：(共6小题;每小题2分，共12分) 听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。 5. Why can’t the man attend the event? A. Because he doesn’t know how to help. B. Because he thinks it is nothing serious. C. Because he has a family emergency to handle. 6. What will the man probably do next? A. Accept donations. B. Help out in other ways. C. Send the woman more information. 听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。 7. What do we know about the woman? A. She’ll go to university. B. She joined the company. C. She has work experience. 8. What’s the woman most probably doing? A. Chatting online. B. Asking for advice. C. Taking an interview. 听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。 9. Where should students go if they’re interested in healthcare? A. To the School Gym. B. To No.1 Lecture Hall. C. To No.2 Lecture Hall. 10. Why does the speaker give this talk? A. To introduce an activity. B. To share personal experiences. C. To give advice on career choices. 第三节：(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Practice Self-Care Get enough 11 . ● Make sure you don’t stay up too late. ● Keep your bedroom comfortable, 12 and free of distractions. Stay fit through exercise. ● Start by understanding the many benefits of exercise. ● 13 an activity you enjoy. 14 and reduce stress. ● Identify what you have control over. ● Talk with people you 15 . Ⅱ. 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 Sam was waiting for a taxi at the hospital. He had booked it on the phone after his medical treatment. He’d been suffering from kidney (肾) failure since last year. During this time, he was on the transplant list, but no____1____ appeared. Bill was driving to visit a friend when his phone rang with the request for Sam’s ride home. The trip was out of Bill’s way. ____2____, he took the order, figuring if the passenger was coming from a hospital, he likely needed a ride. When Sam got into the car, Bill could see he was ____3____ but in good spirits. As the two set out, they began chatting. “Sam really ____4____ the car with positive energy,” said Bill, who talked a lot with Sam. He learnt Sam had enjoyed volunteering in the community, but he was doing less because of the treatments. Then Sam revealed he was searching for a kidney donor. Bill ____5____ he’d be a good donor candidate because he didn’t drink or smoke. Sam agreed, though he didn’t think much of it. Bill, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it. Bill believed in ____6____ others, so donating a kidney was something always on his mind. Plus, he already liked and respected Sam. When approaching the destination, Bill repeated, “I’d see if I could be a match to give you a kidney.” “I was shocked,” Sam recalled. He was shaking so hard that he could barely write his name when they ____7____ contact information. Once inside his home, he excitedly told his wife, “The taxi driver offered his kidney to me!” After the initial excitement, Sam started feeling less ____8____, wondering if it had just been an emotional moment. Would he hear from him? But Bill was ____9____ to his word. He contacted the hospital soon. After a long process, the results came: They were a perfect match. Then they had their surgery, which was a(n) _____10_____. Today, Sam is doing well. And the two men still keep in touch. Miraculously a chance encounter turned out to be a life-saving ride. 1. A. taxis B. matches C. orders D. patients 2. A. Still B. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore 3. A. angry B. afraid C. weak D. forgetful 4. A. lit up B. piled into C. fixed up D. slowed down 5. A. heard B. recalled C. joked D. complained 6. A. treating B. helping C. accepting D. encouraging 7. A. discussed B. repeated C. compared D. exchanged 8. A. curious B. doubtful C. hesitant D. optimistic 9. A. true B. close C. related D. blind 10. A. waste B. honor C. mistake D. success Ⅲ. 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and — most importantly — finish. Whether you’re working on a novel, short story collection, or narrative nonfiction, our program guides will work closely with you to chart a path through your project. And at the end of two years, you’ll have a manuscript you can be proud of and a support team ready to help you take the next steps. Benefits ● Individualized guidance: You’ll meet your guide on a regular basis to check your progress, review drafts of your work, and set goals for the future, keeping you accountable and on track throughout the program. ● Intensives: Three times a year, the Book Project participants gather for a weekend of classes led by special guest authors and our publishing expert, group meetings, participant readings, great meals and plenty of social time. ● Manuscript feedback: You’ll receive detailed feedback on your manuscript from your guide and then a second thorough examination of your complete manuscript from a second reader, chosen from our list of Lighthouse teachers and many other famous writers. Applications and Tuition ● Applications: Applications are available starting April 1, and the deadline to apply is June 22 every year. Each guide accepts six applicants, for a total of 36 participating writers. ● Components of applications: a writing sample up to 30 pages, a project outline, two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors, and a short personal statement. ● Tuition: $8,580 per year, or $715 per month. Partial tuition assistance is available through our Book Project Fellowship. Since 2019, we’ve seen deals signed for thirteen books from our Book Project participants. They’ve had nonfiction, short story collections, novels, and middle-grade works signed by the best publishers. Will you be next? 11 The Lighthouse Book Project promises that participants will ________. A. get their books published eventually B. meet their guides whenever necessary C. finish writing their works within 2 years D. receive feedback only from famous writers 12. To be a participant of the Lighthouse Book Project, you need to ________. A. apply before April 1 B. pay $715 for one year C. state your personal information D. prepare your novel up to 36 pages 13. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To assess new writers. B. To promote a program. C. To compare different projects. D. To introduce the best publisher. B In 2014, a year into her retirement, Morag Warrack found herself in a village hall in the Surrey hills, surrounded by middle-aged men throwing each other on to the floor. “When entering the classroom, I was terrified and thought all these men would be shocked by an old woman walking in,” she says. “The teacher encouraged me to stay and I realized they were all kind and curious about me being there. That was my first experience of learning aikido.” At 59, Warrack, who had recently handed in her resignation, began reading up on mindfulness practices. “The more I looked into mindfulness, the more aikido kept coming up,” she says. “These books were recommending it as a way to connect the mind, body and spirit.” Attracted by the idea, Warrack found a local class where she could take a beginners’ session. Despite her struggles, Warrack kept returning. While her husband and two children were supportive, they weren’t tempted to join in. “They just thought: Mum’s off on one again,” she says. Warrack carried on and, after two years of practice, she began moving up the graded system of belt rankings and noticing a change in herself. “Aikido was making me way more confident,” she says, “Since my reactions got quicker, my balance was better and my coordination (协调性) improved, I had a real understanding of my own body and it became a metaphor (比喻) for how to be in life; how to avoid attack without hurting the other person.” By January 2019, Warrack was determined to achieve her black belt and began training with the only other person in her class who was at the same level as her: a 181cm police officer. “It was a very odd pairing. Not least because he’s so strong and so I had to learn how to use my skills rather than strength against him,” she says. In December 2021, Warrack, at the age of 66, took her black belt test. For 20 minutes, she had to defend her position against attackers one after another before facing the final randori, where four people attack at once. “One guy kicked me and split my lip,” she laughs. “It made me so angry, but that’s what I needed to keep going.” She passed, making her one of the oldest people to achieve an aikido black belt in the UK. 14. How did Morag Warrack feel when she first entered the aikido classroom? A. Curious. B. Disappointed. C. Confident. D. Frightened. 15. After two years of practice, Warrack ________. A. grew more patient B. turned into a better self C. realized her full potential D. became aware of her weakness 16. In order to achieve her black belt, Warrack had to ________. A. polish her skills further B. improve her coordination C. avoid hurting the attackers D. seek support from her family 17. What can we learn from this passage? A. With age comes wisdom. B. The greatest wealth is health. C. It’s always a good time to learn. D. Compete with honor and win with grace. C Our travels are not limited to physical time. We also experience mental time travel. We visit the past through our memories and then journey into the future by imagining what tomorrow or next year might bring. When we do so, we think of ourselves as we are now, remember who we once were and envision how we will be. A recent study explores how one particular brain region helps to knit together memories of the present and future selves. When people sustain an injury to this area, it leads to a damaged sense of identity. The region, called vmPFC, may produce a fundamental model of the person and place it in mental time. When the region does so, it may be the source of our sense of self. It’s also found that memories that reference the self are easier to recall. They benefit from what researchers have called a self-reference effect. In the study, the researchers used the self-reference effect to assess memories of present and future selves among people who had brain lesions (损伤) to the vmPFC. The scientists worked with people with vmPFC lesions, then compared them with a control group made up of people with injuries to other parts of the brain and healthy individuals. They were asked to list adjectives to describe themselves and a celebrity, both in the present and future. Later, they had to recall these same traits. It was discovered that people in the control group could recall more adjectives linked to themselves than adjectives linked to the celebrity. However, the participants with vmPFC lesions had little or no ability to recall references to the self, regardless of the context of time. Their identification of adjectives for celebrities was also comparatively weak. These findings are intriguing, for the study helps us understand how self-related memories depend on the function of the vmPFC. But what about our past selves? Previous studies asked people to consider their past selves, but there was no evidence of the self-reference effect. Our past selves seem foreign to us, as if they were individuals apart from us. One idea that scientists have put forward to understand this distinction is that perhaps we are not very kind in our judgments of our past selves. Instead we may be rather critical of our previous behavior emotions and personal traits. We may use our past primarily to construct a more positive self-image in the present. Put another way, because we may recognize flaws (瑕疵) in our past self’s behavior, we tend to distance ourselves from the person we once were. Therefore, bringing the present and future into the spotlight is central to understanding the way our brain and thoughts shape our current selves. And with the research, we have a better idea about the way a small region within our brain is able to build and hold the core ability to maintain our identity. 18. From the passage, we can learn that ________. A. people with vmPFC lesions have a broken sense of identity B. vmPFC-injured people recall celebrities better than others do C. the self-reference effect plays a vital role in considering past self D. people tend to accept past self after realizing their previous faults 19. As for the findings of the recent study on vmPFC, the author is ________. A. critical B. doubtful C. approving D. unconcerned 20. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Testing Our Memories B. Creating Our Sense of Self C. The Power of Self-Reference Effect D. The Importance of Mental Time Travel D With its 1.2 million LED lights shining brightly against the Las Vegas night, the Las Vegas Sphere may well be the ultimate symbol of 2020s overuse. But that gigantic entertainment space is also something else: a symbol of the coming conflict between our climate goals and our seemingly insatiable (永不满足) appetite for stuff. In the 1990s, multicolor LED lights were invented to prevent climate disasters by greatly reducing the amount of electricity we use. After all, LED lights use 90 percent less energy and last around 18 times longer than incandescent bulbs (白炽灯). Yet the amount of electricity we consume for light globally is roughly the same today as it was in 2010. That’s partly because of population and economic growth in the developing world. But another big reason is that as technology has advanced, we’ve only grown more wasteful. There’s an economic term for this: the Jevons Paradox, named for the 19th-century English economist William Stanley Jevons, who noticed that as steam engines became ever more efficient, Britain’s appetite for coal increased rather than decreased. The logic of Jevons is that instead of banking the efficiency savings we make as technology advances, we go out and spend it. Today, you can see examples of the Paradox everywhere. When residents in England installed home insulation, their overall heating energy demand soon rebounded, ending up at about the same level as it was before: The residents had apparently chosen to turn up their thermostats (温控器) and live in warmer homes. The good news is that in some cases the efficiency gains are so great that even our insatiable appetite for new stuff cannot completely negate them. Today’s car engines require less fuel, even though Americans on average now drive longer distances in heavier cars. However, the bad news is that the Jevons Paradox seems to be hard-wired into us. There are few examples throughout history of people willingly consuming less energy, either for moral or environmental reasons. For some, the solution is obvious: Governments must do more to limit our energy use, perhaps through regulations or taxes. A global carbon tax would help — though the chances of establishing one remain slim. A more innovative answer comes from Rob West, founder and chief executive of Thunder Said Energy. Having spent years documenting the Jevons Paradox and finding it far more widespread than economists predicted, he thinks the best hope we have is to fight Jevons with Jevons. That means applying the idea that consumption increases as goods become cheaper and more efficient to our production of energy. In other words, the future lies not in rationing (定量供应) energy and hoping humans suddenly change their behavior, but in ensuring any energy we use is as green and attractive as possible. 21. Why does the author mention the Las Vegas Sphere? A. To highlight a space. B. To predict an ending. C. To provide a solution. D. To express a concern. 22. What does the underlined word “negate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A Put off. B. Break down. C. Push up. D. Wipe out. 23. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Jevons Paradox requires more examples. B. Environmental awareness is hard-wired in humans. C. Energy consumption grows as technology advances. D. Efficiency gains guarantee the realization of climate goals. 24. Which of the following statements would Rob West most probably agree with? A. The solution is always to further energy efficiency. B. A global carbon tax has aided in limiting energy use. C. Humans are eager to change their consumption behavior. D. Economists have overestimated the effect of the Jevons Paradox. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中共有两项为多余选项。 Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. ____25____ HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. ____26____ The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. ____27____ That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. It is the “means and wisdom to win a better life”, as a Japanese author writes in the book The Power of Insensitivity. According to him, the world will be better if we focus on the major goals and stay insensitive to anything else. ____28____ One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. Knowing yourself is difficult, but knowing yourself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability. One of the qualities shared by many successful people is: they all clearly know where their strengths are, what they want, and what direction to go. To practice insensitivity, the first step is to avoid overthinking. Resist the urge to overanalyze situations, and redirect your focus towards actionable steps within your control. Secondly, don’t pay too much attention to the ups and downs of life at the moment. Rather, you should be looking forward. Additionally, set clear boundaries. ____29____ Remember not to get too involved in other people’s business and set limits that keep you safe from outside pressures. As a unique wisdom of life, the power of insensitivity gives completely new inspiration to modern people. Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A. Everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. B. That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C. It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties. D. Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking. E. Regarding relationships, learn to view the problem as two parts. F. Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. G. Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment? 第Ⅱ卷(共57分) Ⅰ. 选词填空(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 annoy, warn, drama, intelligent, emotion 30. In recent years, you may have read news about artificial ____________ creating its own art, such us painting. 31. Pets are often the ones who provide ____________ support for the family. 32. The cigarette package carries a health ____________ on it—“Smoking is harmful to health”. 33. The US short story writer O. Henry in renowned for his absorbing plots and ____________ endings. 34. He got very ____________ with me about my carelessness. Ⅱ. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Technology has improved my life in ways that still surprise and delight me. My TV ____35____ (remember) how far I got in yesterday’s show, even if I don’t! I can watch my pizza’s entire journey ____36____ the restaurant to my house! These are miracles. But there have been sacrifices, I have turned over memory and independence to the machines. Over the past 20 years, I ____37____ (become) anxious about problems that didn’t use to exist, and indecisive over choices I never used to make. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The exhibition—“Blossoms of Dunhuang” ____38____ (hold) at the National Art Museum of China last month. It reflected upon the 60-year-long career of a famous Chinese artist Chang Shana. Her passion for Dunhuang was inspired by her father ____39____ was also a famous artist. Chang Shana has devoted ____40____ (she) to preserving the art of Dunhuang. ____41____ (ensure) that the thousand-year-old art lives on, she’s now working with an online platform to promote the sale of her works. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 While my fellow conference attendees were ____42____ (happy) discussing the dinner menu, I was trying to stop a panic attack. This wasn’t the first time this had happened. During group discussions, my brain stopped ____43____ (function) and panic took over. For years I didn’t know ____44____ I felt like this. But now I know the reason: I have a nerve disorder. Recognizing this aspect of my identity brings me new worries and hope. Ⅲ. 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第60、61题各2分，第2题3分，第63题5分，共12分) 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Hogan was one of the greatest golfers of the 20th century, an accomplishment he achieved through tireless practice. For him, every practice session had a purpose. He spent years breaking down each phase of the golf swing and testing new methods for each part. The result was near perfection. Hogan finished his career with nine major championships. During his prime, other golfers attributed his remarkable success to “Hogan’s secret”. Today, experts have a new term for his style of improvement: deliberate practice. Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. While regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving performance. When Hogan carefully reconstructed each step of his golf swing, he was engaging in deliberate practice. He was finely tuning his technique. The greatest challenge of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up and putting in your repeated practice is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly overlook small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to transform repeated behaviors into automatic habits. The more we repeat a task, the more mindless it becomes. Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. Too often, we assume we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In reality, we are merely reinforcing our current habits—not improving them. Deliberate practice always follows the same pattern: break the overall process down into parts, identify your weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate your learning into the overall process. Deliberate practice does not mean that you can fashion yourself into anything with enough work and effort though. While human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. But genetics do not determine performance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize our potential. It turns potential into reality. 45. What is deliberate practice according to the passage? ____________________________________________ 46. What is the danger of mindless repetition? ____________________________________________ 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice. ____________________________________________ 48. How will you use deliberate practice to develop one of your skills? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________ 第二节(20分) 49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校学生会将要组织国际文化周活动，你和交换生Jim共同负责文学板块(Literature Section)的活动设计，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 分享你的活动设计方案； 2. 询问对方的建议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市西城区2023—2024学年度第二学期期末试卷 高二英语 2024. 7 本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第Ⅰ卷(共83分) Ⅰ. 听力理解(共三节，30分) 第一节：(共4小题;每小题2分，共8分) 听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. Where is Daisy from? A. America. B. Italy. C. Greece. 2. What does the woman plan to do during the summer vacation? A. Go to Paris. B. Visit her cousins. C. Start a night school. 3. Who will give the report on Friday? A. The man. B. The woman. C. The woman’s assistant. 4. Where will the man have dinner? A. In his home. B. At his aunt’s place. C. In his grandfather’s house. 第二节：(共6小题;每小题2分，共12分) 听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。 5. Why can’t the man attend the event? A. Because he doesn’t know how to help. B. Because he thinks it is nothing serious. C. Because he has a family emergency to handle. 6. What will the man probably do next? A. Accept donations. B. Help out in other ways. C. Send the woman more information. 听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。 7. What do we know about the woman? A. She’ll go to university. B. She joined the company. C. She has work experience. 8. What’s the woman most probably doing? A. Chatting online. B. Asking for advice. C. Taking an interview. 听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。 9. Where should students go if they’re interested in healthcare? A. To the School Gym. B. To No.1 Lecture Hall. C. To No.2 Lecture Hall. 10. Why does the speaker give this talk? A. To introduce an activity. B. To share personal experiences. C. To give advice on career choices. 第三节：(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Practice Self-Care Get enough 11 . ● Make sure you don’t stay up too late. ● Keep your bedroom comfortable, 12 and free of distractions. Stay fit through exercise. ● Start by understanding the many benefits of exercise. ● 13 an activity you enjoy. 14 and reduce stress. ● Identify what you have control over. ● Talk with people you 15 . Ⅱ. 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 Sam was waiting for a taxi at the hospital. He had booked it on the phone after his medical treatment. He’d been suffering from kidney (肾) failure since last year. During this time, he was on the transplant list, but no____1____ appeared. Bill was driving to visit a friend when his phone rang with the request for Sam’s ride home. The trip was out of Bill’s way. ____2____, he took the order, figuring if the passenger was coming from a hospital, he likely needed a ride. When Sam got into the car, Bill could see he was ____3____ but in good spirits. As the two set out, they began chatting. “Sam really ____4____ the car with positive energy,” said Bill, who talked a lot with Sam. He learnt Sam had enjoyed volunteering in the community, but he was doing less because of the treatments. Then Sam revealed he was searching for a kidney donor. Bill ____5____ he’d be a good donor candidate because he didn’t drink or smoke. Sam agreed, though he didn’t think much of it. Bill, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it. Bill believed in ____6____ others so donating a kidney was something always on his mind. Plus, he already liked and respected Sam. When approaching the destination, Bill repeated, “I’d see if I could be a match to give you a kidney.” “I was shocked,” Sam recalled. He was shaking so hard that he could barely write his name when they ____7____ contact information. Once inside his home, he excitedly told his wife, “The taxi driver offered his kidney to me!” After the initial excitement, Sam started feeling less ____8____, wondering if it had just been an emotional moment. Would he hear from him? But Bill was ____9____ to his word. He contacted the hospital soon. After a long process, the results came: They were a perfect match. Then they had their surgery, which was a(n) _____10_____. Today, Sam is doing well. And the two men still keep in touch. Miraculously, a chance encounter turned out to be a life-saving ride. 1. A. taxis B. matches C. orders D. patients 2. A. Still B. Instead C. Moreover D. Therefore 3. A. angry B. afraid C. weak D. forgetful 4. A. lit up B. piled into C. fixed up D. slowed down 5. A. heard B. recalled C. joked D. complained 6. A. treating B. helping C. accepting D. encouraging 7. A. discussed B. repeated C. compared D. exchanged 8. A. curious B. doubtful C. hesitant D. optimistic 9. A. true B. close C. related D. blind 10. A. waste B. honor C. mistake D. success 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个奇迹般的相遇，改变了两个人的生活。Sam因肾功能衰竭等待肾移植，而出租车司机Bill在得知Sam的情况后，主动提出捐献自己的肾脏。在经历了一系列检查和手术准备后，两人肾脏匹配成功，Sam成功接受了移植手术，重获新生。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此期间，他在移植名单上，但没有匹配的出现。A. taxis出租车；B. matches匹配；C. orders订单；D. patients病人。根据“He’d been suffering from kidney (肾) failure since last year.”可知，自去年以来，Sam一直患有肾衰竭，可是没有与其相匹配的肾。故选B。 2题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是接受了订单，心想如果这位乘客是从医院来的，他可能需要搭车。A. Still尽管如此；B. Instead代替；C. Moreover此外；D. Therefore因此。根据“The trip was out of Bill’s way.”可知，尽管这个行程不顺路，Bill还是接受了订单，因为他心想如果这位乘客是从医院来的，他可能需要搭车。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sam上了车，Bill看得出他很虚弱，但精神很好。A. angry生气的；B. afraid害怕的；C. weak虚弱的；D. forgetful健忘的。根据“but in good spirits”可知，前后构成转折关系，即虽然虚弱，但是精神很好。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Sam真的用正能量点亮了这辆车。A. lit up点亮；B. piled into堆进；C. fixed up修理；D. slowed down减慢。根据“with positive energy,”可知，Sam真的用正能量点亮了这辆车。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bill开玩笑说他是一个很好的捐赠者候选人，因为他不喝酒也不抽烟。A. heard听到；B. recalled回忆；C. joked开玩笑；D. complained抱怨。根据“he’d be a good donor candidate because he didn’t drink or smoke.”可知，Bill开玩笑说他是一个很好的捐赠者候选人，因为他不喝酒也不抽烟。故选C。 6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bill相信要帮助别人，所以捐肾一直是他的心头大事。A. treating治疗；B. helping帮助；C. accepting接受；D. encouraging鼓励。根据“so donating a kidney was something always on his mind.”可知，因为Bill认为捐肾一直是他的心头大事（心系捐肾），Bill是一直相信要帮助别人。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们交换联系方式时，他抖得很厉害，连自己的名字都写不出来。A. discussed讨论；B. repeated重复；C. compared比较；D. exchanged交换。根据“contact information”可知，当他们交换联系方式时，他抖得很厉害，连自己的名字都写不出来。故选D。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最初的兴奋之后，Sam开始感到不那么乐观了，他怀疑这是否只是一个情绪化的时刻。A. curious好奇；B. doubtful怀疑；C. hesitant犹豫；D. optimistic乐观。根据“After the initial excitement,”可知, 在最初的兴奋之后，Sam开始感到不那么乐观了，因为他怀疑这只是一个情绪化的时刻。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但Bill是信守诺言的。A. true真实的；B. close接近；C. related相关的；D. blind瞎的。根据“He contacted the hospital soon.”可知，Bill信守承诺，联系医院捐肾。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他们做了手术，手术很成功。A. waste浪费；B. honor荣誉；C. mistake错误；D. success成功。根据“Today, Sam is doing well. And the two men still keep in touch.”可知，他们做了手术，并且手术也很成功。故选D。 Ⅲ. 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and — most importantly — finish. Whether you’re working on a novel, short story collection, or narrative nonfiction, our program guides will work closely with you to chart a path through your project. And at the end of two years, you’ll have a manuscript you can be proud of and a support team ready to help you take the next steps. Benefits ● Individualized guidance: You’ll meet your guide on a regular basis to check your progress, review drafts of your work, and set goals for the future, keeping you accountable and on track throughout the program. ● Intensives: Three times a year, the Book Project participants gather for a weekend of classes led by special guest authors and our publishing expert, group meetings, participant readings, great meals and plenty of social time. ● Manuscript feedback: You’ll receive detailed feedback on your manuscript from your guide and then a second thorough examination of your complete manuscript from a second reader, chosen from our list of Lighthouse teachers and many other famous writers. Applications and Tuition ● Applications: Applications are available starting April 1, and the deadline to apply is June 22 every year. Each guide accepts six applicants, for a total of 36 participating writers. ● Components of applications: a writing sample up to 30 pages, a project outline, two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors, and a short personal statement. ● Tuition: $8,580 per year, or $715 per month. Partial tuition assistance is available through our Book Project Fellowship. Since 2019, we’ve seen deals signed for thirteen books from our Book Project participants. They’ve had nonfiction, short story collections, novels, and middle-grade works signed by the best publishers. Will you be next? 11. The Lighthouse Book Project promises that participants will ________. A. get their books published eventually B. meet their guides whenever necessary C. finish writing their works within 2 years D. receive feedback only from famous writers 12. To be a participant of the Lighthouse Book Project, you need to ________. A. apply before April 1 B. pay $715 for one year C. state your personal information D. prepare your novel up to 36 pages 13. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To assess new writers. B. To promote a program. C. To compare different projects. D. To introduce the best publisher. 【答案】11. C 12. C 13. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章旨在介绍灯塔图书项目（The Lighthouse Book Project），这是一个为期两年的密集写作计划，旨在帮助撰写长篇手稿的作家们完成他们的作品。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章的第一段中提到“The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and—most importantly—finish. (灯塔图书计划是一个为期两年的密集项目。它的目的是给作者的书长度的手稿的课程，建议和精神支持，他们需要起草，修改，最重要的是完成。)”可知，灯塔图书项目是一个为期两年的密集计划，旨在帮助作家完成他们的作品。因此，该项目承诺参与者在两年内完成写作工作。故选C。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章“Components of applications”部分中“a writing sample up to 30 pages, a project outline, two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors, and a short personal statement.( 一份30页的写作样本，一个项目大纲，两到三封现任或前任写作导师的推荐信，以及一份简短的个人陈述。)”可知，申请参加灯塔图书项目需要提交的材料包括：一份最多30页的写作样本、项目大纲、来自现任或前任写作导师的两到三封推荐信以及一份简短的个人陈述。因此，成为灯塔图书项目的参与者需要提交个人陈述，即需要陈述个人信息。故选C。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章的第一段中提到“The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and—most importantly—finish. (灯塔图书计划是一个为期两年的密集项目。它的目的是给作者的书长度的手稿的课程，建议和精神支持，他们需要起草，修改，最重要的是完成。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了灯塔图书项目（The Lighthouse Book Project），包括它的目标、好处、申请条件和学费等。因此，文章的主要目的是推广这个项目，以吸引更多的作家参与。B选项“To promote a program.(推广一个项目)”符合题意。故选B。 B In 2014, a year into her retirement, Morag Warrack found herself in a village hall in the Surrey hills, surrounded by middle-aged men throwing each other on to the floor. “When entering the classroom, I was terrified and thought all these men would be shocked by an old woman walking in,” she says. “The teacher encouraged me to stay and I realized they were all kind and curious about me being there. That was my first experience of learning aikido.” At 59, Warrack, who had recently handed in her resignation, began reading up on mindfulness practices. “The more I looked into mindfulness, the more aikido kept coming up,” she says. “These books were recommending it as a way to connect the mind, body and spirit.” Attracted by the idea, Warrack found a local class where she could take a beginners’ session. Despite her struggles, Warrack kept returning. While her husband and two children were supportive, they weren’t tempted to join in. “They just thought: Mum’s off on one again,” she says. Warrack carried on and, after two years of practice, she began moving up the graded system of belt rankings and noticing a change in herself. “Aikido was making me way more confident,” she says, “Since my reactions got quicker, my balance was better and my coordination (协调性) improved, I had a real understanding of my own body and it became a metaphor (比喻) for how to be in life; how to avoid attack without hurting the other person.” By January 2019, Warrack was determined to achieve her black belt and began training with the only other person in her class who was at the same level as her: a 181cm police officer. “It was a very odd pairing. Not least because he’s so strong and so I had to learn how to use my skills rather than strength against him,” she says. In December 2021, Warrack, at the age of 66, took her black belt test. For 20 minutes, she had to defend her position against attackers one after another before facing the final randori, where four people attack at once. “One guy kicked me and split my lip,” she laughs. “It made me so angry, but that’s what I needed to keep going.” She passed, making her one of the oldest people to achieve an aikido black belt in the UK. 14. How did Morag Warrack feel when she first entered the aikido classroom? A. Curious. B. Disappointed. C. Confident. D. Frightened. 15. After two years of practice, Warrack ________. A. grew more patient B. turned into a better self C. realized her full potential D. became aware of her weakness 16. In order to achieve her black belt, Warrack had to ________. A. polish her skills further B. improve her coordination C. avoid hurting the attackers D. seek support from her family 17. What can we learn from this passage? A. With age comes wisdom. B. The greatest wealth is health. C. It’s always a good time to learn. D. Compete with honor and win with grace. 【答案】14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名叫Morag Warrack66岁女性，在退休后开始练习Aikido，并最终在2021年获得了黑带资格，成为英国达到该级别年龄最大的女性之一。她的经历表现了Aikido不仅对身体有好处，还能增强信心和自我意识，她在练习中克服了困难和挑战，展示了坚韧和毅力。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ “When entering the classroom, I was terrified and thought all these men would be shocked by an old woman walking in,” she says. (她说：“当我走进教室时，我吓坏了，我想所有这些男人都会被一个老妇人走进来吓一跳。”)” 可知，Morag Warrack在文章中提到当她第一次进入Aikido教室时，她感到害怕，并认为所有的男人都会对一个老太太的进入感到震惊。因此，她第一次进入空手道教室时的感受是害怕，故选D。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。第三段中“Warrack carried on and, after two years of practice, she began moving up the graded system of belt rankings and noticing a change in herself. “Aikido was making me way more confident,” she says, “Since my reactions got quicker, my balance was better and my coordination (协调性) improved, I had a real understanding of my own body and it became a metaphor (比喻) for how to be in life; how to avoid attack without hurting the other person.”(Warrack继续练习，在两年的训练后，她开始在腰带等级制度中升级，并注意到自己发生了变化。她说：“Aikido让我变得更加自信，因为我的反应更快了，平衡感更好，协调性也提高了，我真正理解了自己的身体，它成为了一个生活的隐喻，即如何在避免伤害他人的同时避免受到攻击。”)”可知，经过两年的练习，Warrack在腰带等级制度中开始上升，并且注意到了自己的变化。她变得更加自信，反应更快，平衡更好，协调性也提高了。这表明她成为了一个更好的自己。故选B。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“By January 2019, Warrack was determined to achieve her black belt and began training with the only other person in her class who was at the same level as her: a 181cm police officer. (到2019年1月，Warrack决心达到黑带水平，并开始和班里唯一一个和她水平相同的人一起训练：一个身高181cm的警察。)”可知，她在2019年决定获得黑带，并开始与班上唯一一个和她水平一样的人（一位181厘米的警察）一起训练。这表示她需要更深入地磨练自己的技能以达到黑带的水平。选A. 【17题详解】 推理判断题。文章中讲述了Morag Warrack在退休后开始学习Aikido，并成功获得了黑带的故事。这表明无论何时学习都是一件好事，因此C选项“It’s always a good time to learn.(无论何时去学习都是好的。)”符合文章的主旨。故选C。 C Our travels are not limited to physical time. We also experience mental time travel. We visit the past through our memories and then journey into the future by imagining what tomorrow or next year might bring. When we do so, we think of ourselves as we are now, remember who we once were and envision how we will be. A recent study explores how one particular brain region helps to knit together memories of the present and future selves. When people sustain an injury to this area, it leads to a damaged sense of identity. The region, called vmPFC, may produce a fundamental model of the person and place it in mental time. When the region does so, it may be the source of our sense of self. It’s also found that memories that reference the self are easier to recall. They benefit from what researchers have called a self-reference effect. In the study, the researchers used the self-reference effect to assess memories of present and future selves among people who had brain lesions (损伤) to the vmPFC. The scientists worked with people with vmPFC lesions, then compared them with a control group made up of people with injuries to other parts of the brain and healthy individuals. They were asked to list adjectives to describe themselves and a celebrity, both in the present and future. Later, they had to recall these same traits. It was discovered that people in the control group could recall more adjectives linked to themselves than adjectives linked to the celebrity. However, the participants with vmPFC lesions had little or no ability to recall references to the self, regardless of the context of time. Their identification of adjectives for celebrities was also comparatively weak. These findings are intriguing, for the study helps us understand how self-related memories depend on the function of the vmPFC. But what about our past selves? Previous studies asked people to consider their past selves, but there was no evidence of the self-reference effect. Our past selves seem foreign to us, as if they were individuals apart from us. One idea that scientists have put forward to understand this distinction is that perhaps we are not very kind in our judgments of our past selves. Instead we may be rather critical of our previous behavior, emotions and personal traits. We may use our past primarily to construct a more positive self-image in the present. Put another way, because we may recognize flaws (瑕疵) in our past self’s behavior, we tend to distance ourselves from the person we once were. Therefore, bringing the present and future into the spotlight is central to understanding the way our brain and thoughts shape our current selves. And with the research, we have a better idea about the way a small region within our brain is able to build and hold the core ability to maintain our identity. 18. From the passage, we can learn that ________. A. people with vmPFC lesions have a broken sense of identity B. vmPFC-injured people recall celebrities better than others do C. the self-reference effect plays a vital role in considering past self D. people tend to accept past self after realizing their previous faults 19. As for the findings of the recent study on vmPFC, the author is ________. A. critical B. doubtful C. approving D. unconcerned 20. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Testing Our Memories B. Creating Our Sense of Self C. The Power of Self-Reference Effect D. The Importance of Mental Time Travel 【答案】18. A 19. C 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了大脑中的一个特定区域（vmPFC）如何帮助我们将现在的记忆与未来的自我记忆结合起来，从而维持我们的身份感。这项研究发现加深了我们对大脑如何塑造和维持我们当前身份的理解。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“ It was discovered that people in the control group could recall more adjectives linked to themselves than adjectives linked to the celebrity. However, the participants with vmPFC lesions had little or no ability to recall references to the self, regardless of the context of time. Their identification of adjectives for celebrities was also comparatively weak. (研究发现，对照组的人能回忆起更多与自身相关的形容词，而不是与名人相关的形容词。然而，vmPFC损伤的参与者几乎无法回忆起与自身相关的引用，无论时间背景如何。他们对名人的形容词识别能力也相对较弱。)”可知，当人们在这个区域（vmPFC）受伤时，他们几乎无法回忆起与自身相关的引用，无论时间背景如何会导致身份感的受损。这与选项A的描述“people with vmPFC lesions have a broken sense of identity (vmPFC损伤的人失去了身份感)”相符。故选A。 【19题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“These findings are intriguing, for the study helps us understand how self-related memories depend on the function of the vmPFC. (这些发现很有趣，因为这项研究帮助我们理解自我相关的记忆是如何依赖于vmPFC的功能的。)”可知，作者认为这些发现很有趣，因为这项研究帮助我们理解自我相关记忆如何依赖于vmPFC的功能，这说明作者对于vmPFC研究的发现持肯定态度。因此，作者对于vmPFC研究的发现持赞成态度。C选项“approving(支持的)”与作者态度相一致。故选C。 【20题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讨论了vmPFC区域如何帮助我们将现在的记忆与未来的自我记忆结合起来，以维持我们的身份感。B选项“Creating Our Sense of Self(创造我们的自我意识)”最能概括文章的主旨，符合文章标题。故选B。 D With its 1.2 million LED lights shining brightly against the Las Vegas night, the Las Vegas Sphere may well be the ultimate symbol of 2020s overuse. But that gigantic entertainment space is also something else: a symbol of the coming conflict between our climate goals and our seemingly insatiable (永不满足) appetite for stuff. In the 1990s, multicolor LED lights were invented to prevent climate disasters by greatly reducing the amount of electricity we use. After all, LED lights use 90 percent less energy and last around 18 times longer than incandescent bulbs (白炽灯). Yet the amount of electricity we consume for light globally is roughly the same today as it was in 2010. That’s partly because of population and economic growth in the developing world. But another big reason is that as technology has advanced, we’ve only grown more wasteful. There’s an economic term for this: the Jevons Paradox, named for the 19th-century English economist William Stanley Jevons, who noticed that as steam engines became ever more efficient, Britain’s appetite for coal increased rather than decreased. The logic of Jevons is that instead of banking the efficiency savings we make as technology advances, we go out and spend it. Today, you can see examples of the Paradox everywhere. When residents in England installed home insulation, their overall heating energy demand soon rebounded, ending up at about the same level as it was before: The residents had apparently chosen to turn up their thermostats (温控器) and live in warmer homes. The good news is that in some cases the efficiency gains are so great that even our insatiable appetite for new stuff cannot completely negate them. Today’s car engines require less fuel, even though Americans on average now drive longer distances in heavier cars. However, the bad news is that the Jevons Paradox seems to be hard-wired into us. There are few examples throughout history of people willingly consuming less energy, either for moral or environmental reasons. For some, the solution is obvious: Governments must do more to limit our energy use, perhaps through regulations or taxes. A global carbon tax would help — though the chances of establishing one remain slim. A more innovative answer comes from Rob West, founder and chief executive of Thunder Said Energy. Having spent years documenting the Jevons Paradox and finding it far more widespread than economists predicted, he thinks the best hope we have is to fight Jevons with Jevons. That means applying the idea that consumption increases as goods become cheaper and more efficient to our production of energy. In other words, the future lies not in rationing (定量供应) energy and hoping humans suddenly change their behavior, but in ensuring any energy we use is as green and attractive as possible. 21. Why does the author mention the Las Vegas Sphere? A. To highlight a space. B. To predict an ending. C. To provide a solution. D. To express a concern. 22. What does the underlined word “negate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Put off. B. Break down. C. Push up. D. Wipe out. 23. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Jevons Paradox requires more examples. B. Environmental awareness is hard-wired in humans. C. Energy consumption grows as technology advances. D. Efficiency gains guarantee the realization of climate goals. 24. Which of the following statements would Rob West most probably agree with? A. The solution is always to further energy efficiency. B. A global carbon tax has aided in limiting energy use. C. Humans are eager to change their consumption behavior. D. Economists have overestimated the effect of the Jevons Paradox. 【答案】21 D 22. D 23. C 24. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文探讨了随着技术进步而出现的能源浪费现象，特别是所谓的“杰文斯悖论”，即随着能源使用效率的提高，人们并未因此减少能源消耗，反而因为商品变得更加便宜和高效而增加了消费。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“With its 1.2 million LED lights shining brightly against the Las Vegas night, the Las Vegas Sphere may well be the ultimate symbol of 2020s overuse. But that gigantic entertainment space is also something else: a symbol of the coming conflict between our climate goals and our seemingly insatiable (永不满足) appetite for stuff. (120万盏LED灯在拉斯维加斯的夜空下闪闪发光，拉斯维加斯球体很可能是本世纪20年代过度使用的终极象征。但这个巨大的娱乐空间也有别的含义：它象征着我们的气候目标与我们似乎无法满足的物质欲望之间即将发生的冲突)”可知，拉斯维加斯球体是2020年代过度使用的终极象征，同时也是我们气候目标与我们似乎永不满足的物质欲望之间即将发生的冲突的象征。因此，作者提到拉斯维加斯球体是为了表达一种担忧。故选D。 【22题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文的句子“Today’s car engines require less fuel, even though Americans on average now drive longer distances in heavier cars. However, the bad news is that the Jevons Paradox seems to be hard-wired into us. There are few examples throughout history of people willingly consuming less energy, either for moral or environmental reasons. (今天的汽车发动机需要更少的燃料，尽管美国人现在平均驾驶更重的汽车行驶更远的距离。然而，坏消息是，杰文斯悖论似乎与我们根深蒂固。纵观历史，人们出于道德或环境原因愿意减少能源消耗的例子很少)”可知，在某些情况下，效率的提高是如此之大，即使我们对新事物的贪得无厌的胃口也不能完全否定它们。因此，划线词与D选项“Wipe out(勾销，去除)”意思接近。故选D。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“There’s an economic term for this: the Jevons Paradox, named for the 19th-century English economist William Stanley Jevons, who noticed that as steam engines became ever more efficient, Britain’s appetite for coal increased rather than decreased. The logic of Jevons is that instead of banking the efficiency savings we make as technology advances, we go out and spend it. (对此有一个经济学术语：杰文斯悖论(Jevons Paradox)，以19世纪英国经济学家威廉·斯坦利·杰文斯(William Stanley Jevons)的名字命名。他注意到，随着蒸汽机的效率越来越高，英国对煤炭的需求非但没有减少，反而增加了。杰文斯的逻辑是，我们不是把随着技术进步而节省下来的效率存起来，而是走出去花掉)”可知，随着技术的进步，能源消耗实际上在增长，而不是减少。特别是提到了杰文斯悖论（Jevons Paradox），即随着蒸汽机等技术的效率提高，能源消耗并没有减少，反而因为商品变得更加便宜和高效而增加了。因此，我们可以得出结论，能源消耗随着技术的进步而增长。故选C。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A more innovative answer comes from Rob West, founder and chief executive of Thunder Said Energy. Having spent years documenting the Jevons Paradox and finding it far more widespread than economists predicted, he thinks the best hope we have is to fight Jevons with Jevons. That means applying the idea that consumption increases as goods become cheaper and more efficient to our production of energy. In other words, the future lies not in rationing (定量供应) energy and hoping humans suddenly change their behavior, but in ensuring any energy we use is as green and attractive as possible. (来自Thunder Said Energy的创始人兼首席执行官罗布·韦斯特（Rob West）给出了一个更具创新性的答案。他花了几年的时间来记录杰文斯悖论（Jevons Paradox），并发现这个悖论比经济学家预测的要普遍得多。他认为，我们最好的希望就是用杰文斯悖论来对抗杰文斯悖论。这意味着，随着商品变得更加便宜和高效，消费也会增加，我们将这种思想应用到能源生产中。换句话说，未来不在于对能源进行配给，并希望人类突然改变他们的行为，而在于确保我们使用的任何能源都尽可能地绿色和吸引人)”可知，Rob West认为对抗杰文斯悖论的最好希望是用杰文斯悖论本身来对抗它，这意味着应用商品变得更便宜和更高效时消费增加的观念到我们的能源生产上。这意味着未来的出路不在于定量供应能源和寄望于人类突然改变行为，而在于确保我们使用的任何能源都尽可能环保和吸引人。因此，他认为提高能源效率是解决问题的关键。故选A。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中共有两项为多余选项。 Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. ____25____ HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. ____26____ The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. ____27____ That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. It is the “means and wisdom to win a better life”, as a Japanese author writes in the book The Power of Insensitivity. According to him, the world will be better if we focus on the major goals and stay insensitive to anything else. ____28____ One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. Knowing yourself is difficult, but knowing yourself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability. One of the qualities shared by many successful people is: they all clearly know where their strengths are, what they want, and what direction to go. To practice insensitivity, the first step is to avoid overthinking. Resist the urge to overanalyze situations, and redirect your focus towards actionable steps within your control. Secondly, don’t pay too much attention to the ups and downs of life at the moment. Rather, you should be looking forward. Additionally, set clear boundaries. ____29____ Remember not to get too involved in other people’s business and set limits that keep you safe from outside pressures. As a unique wisdom of life, the power of insensitivity gives completely new inspiration to modern people. Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable. A. Everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive. B. That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from. C. It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties. D. Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking. E. Regarding relationships, learn to view the problem as two parts. F. Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges. G. Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment? 【答案】25. F 26. B 27. C 28. G 29. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章的主旨是讨论高度敏感人群（HSP）的特点以及不敏感性的力量。 【25题详解】 根据前文“Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. According to research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. (高敏感者，简称HSP，是心理学家伊莱恩·阿伦创造的一个术语。根据研究，每五个人中就有一个高敏感人群。)”以及后文“HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. (高敏感人群自我意识强;他们可能难以适应新环境，在社交场合表现出看似不恰当的情绪反应，并且很容易对光线、声音或某些身体感觉做出不舒服的反应。)”可知，前文提出每五个人中就有一个高敏感人群，后文描述了HSP的一些特点，如强烈的自我意识、难以适应新环境、在社交场合表现出看似不适当的情绪反应等。故设空处应该对这些挑战进行总结概括。F选项“Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges.(作为一个高度敏感的人会面临许多挑战。)” 对前文内容的总结，符合语境。故选F。 【26题详解】 根据前文“HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. (高敏感人群自我意识强;他们可能难以适应新环境，在社交场合表现出看似不恰当的情绪反应，并且很容易对光线、声音或某些身体感觉做出不舒服的反应。)”可知，HSP人群面临着诸多挑战。B选项“That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from.( 这就是需要不敏感性的原因所在)”与前文关于HSP面临的挑战相呼应，指出“不敏感性”是解决HSP人群面临挑战的措施，同时引出了下文对不敏感性的讨论。故选B。 【27题详解】 根据前文“The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. (不敏感的力量可以解释为“迟钝的力量”。通常，人们把“不敏感”和不好的事情联系在一起，但不敏感并不等于迟钝。)”可知，此处提到不敏感性被视为一种“迟钝的力量”，人们通常把“不敏感”和不好的事情联系在一起。而“迟钝的力量”即不敏感性是解决HSP人群面临挑战的措施，因此后文应该对其真正的含义进行解释。C选项“It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties.(当遇到困难时，它强调决心)”强调当遇到困难时，“不敏感性”强调的是决心，与后文的“That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. (就是坦然面对生活中的挫折和停歇，坚定地朝着自己的方向前进。)”在面对生活中的挫折和低谷时，能够冷静地面对并坚定地走向自己的方向相呼应。C选项中的it指代前文的The power of insensitivity，与前后文形成呼应，符合语境。故选C。 【28题详解】 根据后文“ One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. (一个重要的原因是，不敏感的背后是强烈的自我意识或自信。)”可知，此处强调不敏感的背后是强烈的自我意识或自信。G选项“Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment?( 为什么不敏感性可以让一个人在竞争环境中更好地适应？)”是一个引导句，引出了下文对“不敏感性”在竞争环境中的作用的讨论。后文提到了不敏感性背后的原因之一是强大的自我意识或自信，这与G选项中的问题相呼应。故选G。 【29题详解】 根据前文“Additionally, set clear boundaries. (另外，设定清晰的界限。)”可知，此处强调与他人设定清晰的界限。D选项“Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking.( 避免过分关注别人在做什么或想什么)”与前文提到的“设置明确的界限”相呼应。这里建议人们不要过于关注他人的事务，设置界限以保护自己免受外界压力的影响。这与D选项中的建议相符。故选D。 第Ⅱ卷(共57分) Ⅰ. 选词填空(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 annoy, warn, drama, intelligent, emotion 30. In recent years, you may have read news about artificial ____________ creating its own art, such us painting. 31. Pets are often the ones who provide ____________ support for the family. 32. The cigarette package carries a health ____________ on it—“Smoking is harmful to health”. 33. The US short story writer O. Henry in renowned for his absorbing plots and ____________ endings. 34. He got very ____________ with me about my carelessness. 【答案】30. intelligence 31. emotional 32. warning 33. dramatic 34. annoyed 【解析】 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：近年来，你可能读过关于人工智能创造自己的艺术的新闻，比如绘画。句中表示“人工智能”使用固定短语artificial intelligence，使用名词作宾语。故填intelligence。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：宠物通常是为家庭提供情感支持的人。设空处使用emotion的形容词emotional作定语，修饰名词，意为“情感的”。故填emotional。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：香烟包装上有健康警告——“吸烟有害健康”。设空处使用warn的名词warning作宾语，意为“警告”。故填warning。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：美国短篇小说作家欧·亨利以其引人入胜的情节和戏剧性的结局而闻名。设空处使用drama的形容词dramatic作定语，修饰名词，意为“戏剧性的，引人入胜的”。故填dramatic。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他对我的粗心大意很生气。设空处使用annoy的形容词annoyed作表语，意为“使人感到恼怒的”。故填annoyed。 Ⅱ. 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Technology has improved my life in ways that still surprise and delight me. My TV ____35____ (remember) how far I got in yesterday’s show, even if I don’t! I can watch my pizza’s entire journey ____36____ the restaurant to my house! These are miracles. But there have been sacrifices, I have turned over memory and independence to the machines. Over the past 20 years, I ____37____ (become) anxious about problems that didn’t use to exist, and indecisive over choices I never used to make. 【答案】35. remembers 36. from 37. have become 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，本文讨论了科技进步给作者生活带来的积极变化和负面影响。 【35题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我的电视甚至记得我昨天看了多久，即使我不记得！设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的surprise和delight以及句意，可知句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。故填remembers。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：我可以看到我的披萨从餐厅到我家的整个旅程！句中from…to…为固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故from。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的20年里，我变得对过去不存在的问题感到焦虑，对过去从未做过的选择犹豫不决。句中over the past 20 years为现在完成时时间标志，表示“在过去的20年里”。故填have become。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The exhibition—“Blossoms of Dunhuang” ____38____ (hold) at the National Art Museum of China last month. It reflected upon the 60-year-long career of a famous Chinese artist Chang Shana. Her passion for Dunhuang was inspired by her father ____39____ was also a famous artist. Chang Shana has devoted ____40____ (she) to preserving the art of Dunhuang. ____41____ (ensure) that the thousand-year-old art lives on, she’s now working with an online platform to promote the sale of her works. 【答案】38. was held 39. that##who 40. herself 41. To ensure 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一次名为“敦煌之花”的展览，该展览上月在中国国家美术馆举行，回顾了中国著名艺术家常沙娜60年的艺术生涯。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：“敦煌之花”展览上个月在中国美术馆举行。设空处使用动词作谓语，句中last month为一般过去时时间标志，同时exhibition与hold之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was held。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：她对敦煌的热爱源于她的父亲，他也是一位著名的艺术家。设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词her father，指人，故使用that或者who。故填that或者who。 【40题详解】 考查代词。句意：常沙娜一直致力于保护敦煌艺术。devote oneself to sth为固定短语，意为“致力于……”，使用反身代词作宾语。故填herself。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保千年艺术的延续，她现在正在与一个在线平台合作，以促进她的作品的销售。句中is working为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示目的，故使用不定式结构作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填To ensure。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 While my fellow conference attendees were ____42____ (happy) discussing the dinner menu, I was trying to stop a panic attack. This wasn’t the first time this had happened. During group discussions, my brain stopped ____43____ (function) and panic took over. For years I didn’t know ____44____ I felt like this. But now I know the reason: I have a nerve disorder. Recognizing this aspect of my identity brings me new worries and hope. 【答案】42. happily 43. functioning 44. why 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位与会者在讨论晚宴菜单时，经历了恐慌发作的经历。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我的与会者正在愉快地讨论晚餐菜单时，我正试图阻止恐慌发作。设空处使用happy的副词happily作状语，修饰动词，意为“愉快地”。故填happily。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在小组讨论中，我的大脑停止了运作，恐慌取而代之。句中stop doing表示“停下来正在做的事”，使用动名词作宾语。故填functioning。 【44题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：多年来，我不知道自己为什么会有这种感觉。设空处引导的是宾语从句，此处表示“为什么”用why引导。故填why。 Ⅲ. 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第60、61题各2分，第2题3分，第63题5分，共12分) 阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Hogan was one of the greatest golfers of the 20th century, an accomplishment he achieved through tireless practice. For him, every practice session had a purpose. He spent years breaking down each phase of the golf swing and testing new methods for each part. The result was near perfection. Hogan finished his career with nine major championships. During his prime, other golfers attributed his remarkable success to “Hogan’s secret”. Today, experts have a new term for his style of improvement: deliberate practice. Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. While regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving performance. When Hogan carefully reconstructed each step of his golf swing, he was engaging in deliberate practice. He was finely tuning his technique. The greatest challenge of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up and putting in your repeated practice is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly overlook small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to transform repeated behaviors into automatic habits. The more we repeat a task, the more mindless it becomes. Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. Too often, we assume we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In reality, we are merely reinforcing our current habits—not improving them. Deliberate practice always follows the same pattern: break the overall process down into parts, identify your weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate your learning into the overall process. Deliberate practice does not mean that you can fashion yourself into anything with enough work and effort, though. While human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. But genetics do not determine performance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize our potential. It turns potential into reality. 45. What is deliberate practice according to the passage? ____________________________________________ 46. What is the danger of mindless repetition? ____________________________________________ 47. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice. ____________________________________________ 48. How will you use deliberate practice to develop one of your skills? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________ 【答案】45. Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. 46. The danger of mindless repetition is that progress becomes assumed. 47. According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills,so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice；原因为：According to the passage, while human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. 48. I will break down the skill into parts, identify my weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate my learning into the overall process to improve my performance. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是：刻意练习是一种特殊的练习方式，它需要有目的和系统的方法，集中的注意力和提高表现的具体目标。我们可以通过刻意练习来发展自己的技能。然而，这种练习并不意味着我们可以通过足够的工作和努力来塑造自己成为任何东西，因为基因对每个人能达到的极限有影响。 【45题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. (刻意练习是指一种特殊的、有目的的、系统的练习。)”可知，刻意练习是指一种特殊的、有目的的、系统的练习。故答案为Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. 【46题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Mindless activity is the enemy of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes assumed. (无意识的活动是刻意练习的敌人。一遍又一遍地练习同样的事情的危险在于，你会想当然地认为自己取得了进步。)” 可知，无意识的重复练习的危险在于我们可能会误认为自己在进步，而实际上我们只是在加强当前的习惯，而没有改进它们。故答案为The danger of mindless repetition is that progress becomes assumed. 【47题详解】 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“While human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. But genetics do not determine performance. It is deliberate practice that can help us maximize our potential. It turns potential into reality. (虽然人类确实拥有发展技能的非凡能力，但基因限制了个人的能力。但基因并不能决定成绩。刻意练习可以帮助我们最大限度地发挥我们的潜力。它把潜力变成现实。)” 可知，虽然人类具有非凡的发展技能的能力，但基因决定了个人可以达到的极限，因此不能通过刻意练习实现任何成功，可以联系可以最大限度的帮助我们发挥自己的潜力，把潜力变成现实。原句“According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice.( 根据这篇文章，我们拥有一种非凡的能力来发展我们的技能，所以我们可以通过刻意的练习来取得任何成功。)”指出通过可以联系能够取得任何成功，“任何错误”表述错误，与原文信息不符，因为虽然人类具有非凡的发展技能的能力，但基因决定了个人可以达到的极限，因此不能通过刻意练习实现任何成功。故答案为According to the passage, we possess a remarkable ability to develop our skills, so we can achieve any success through deliberate practice；原因为：According to the passage, while human beings do possess a remarkable ability to develop their skills, genes put limits on how far any individual can go. 【48题详解】 开放性题目。本题为开放性题目，回答言之有理即可。题目的内容是“How will you use deliberate practice to develop one of your skills?( 你将如何通过刻意练习来发展你的一项技能?)”；本人认为我会将技能分解成几个部分，找出自己的弱点，针对每个部分测试新的策略，然后将我的学习融入到整体过程中，以提高我的表现。故答案为I will break down the skill into parts, identify my weaknesses, test new strategies for each section, and then integrate my learning into the overall process to improve my performance. 第二节(20分) 49. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校学生会将要组织国际文化周活动，你和交换生Jim共同负责文学板块(Literature Section)的活动设计，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 分享你的活动设计方案； 2. 询问对方的建议。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Greetings! As we are co-organizing the Literature Section for the upcoming International Culture Week, I’d like to share my initial ideas with you. Regarding the theme, I propose we focus on literary analysis, with all of its insights into humanity and values. To cultivate students’ literary attainment, I suggest the Literature section consist of five parts: poetry, short stories. novels, fantasies and dramas. And each weekday could be paired with a certain genre. Various activities could be arranged to suit students’ needs. For example, a stage play or a reading session concerning each genre could be organized to attract students’ interest. What do you think of my ideas? Looking forward to hearing yours. Hope we can provide an enthralling experience for all. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校学生会将要组织国际文化周活动，你和交换生Jim共同负责文学板块(Literature Section)的活动设计，要求考生用英文给Jim写一封邮件分享你的活动设计方案并相对方询问建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming→ forthcoming 关于：regarding → concerning 建议：suggest→ advise 例如：for example→ for instance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Various activities could be arranged to suit students’ needs.  拓展句：Various activities could be arranged to suit students’ needs, which is really necessary for the success of this activity. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As we are co-organizing the Literature Section for the upcoming International Culture Week, I’d like to share my initial ideas with you.（运用了as引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型2】For example, a stage play or a reading session concerning each genre could be organized to attract students’ interest.（运用了含有情态动词的被动语态结构could be organized以及不定式作目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$