单元达标检测 Unit 1 Food matters(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

[本卷满分120分，考试用时100分钟] 第一部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2022·湖南高二期中)Planning to go to a gym？If you are one of those who have spent many days planning to join a gym or to attend it regularly，then why not choose some home exercises？Here are some home exercises without equipment. Jumping jacks This one is the best home workout without weights，which is a great exercise that will work your hands and legs.Perform this exercise by standing with your feet placed together and arms at your sides.Now tuck in your abs (收腹) and jump by bending your knees.At the same time，move your feet apart as much as you can and raise your hands to bring into line with your shoulders.While you come back you must be in a starting position，feet together，hands at sides and knees bent.You must land on your heels and again jump. Jogging Jogging is one of the best home exercises without weights.You don't need to have a lawn or jogging track at home to perform this exercise.There are many benefits of jogging.It will work your entire legs.Moreover，it is a classic cardiovascular (心血管的) workout.Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet.Also，you can gradually increase the jogging time and speed. Rotating (旋转) exercise Start by rotating your wrists，clockwise (顺时针方向地) and anticlockwise.Now，alternately rotate your feet in the same fashion.Now place both your hands on the shoulders and start rotating your shoulders clockwise and anticlockwise.Place an exercise mat and lie flat on your back.Now lift your left leg and rotate it clockwise; do not bend your knees.Now rest the left leg，lift your right leg and rotate it. Anticlockwise It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise which will help you stick to the exercise routine and excitement.Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes to perform the workout with ease.Also，putting on your favorite music will make your exercise session more lively.If you get bored with exercises，just dance，after all it's also one of the best home exercises. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些在家锻炼的方法。 1．While jogging at home，you ． A．may exercise your body entirely B．had better choose a pair of proper shoes C．should find a space as the jogging track first D．must stick to a fixed time and speed 解析　细节理解题。根据Jogging部分的“Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet.”可知，即使是在家里慢跑，也一定要穿上慢跑鞋，以避免脚受到任何压力。由此可知，在家慢跑时，你最好选择一双合适的鞋子。故选B。 答案　B 2．What is the right order of your body parts to move during rotating exercise? A．Hands­legs­back­legs. B．Wrists­hands­feet­shoulders. C．Wrists­feet­shoulders­legs. D．Hands­shoulders­knees­legs. 解析　细节理解题。根据Rotating (旋转) exercise部分的“Start by rotating your wrists...Now，alternately rotate your feet...and start rotating your shoulders...Now lift your left leg”可知，转动手腕开始……现在，交替地转动你的双脚……转动你的肩膀……抬起你的左腿。由此可知，在旋转运动中，你身体各部分运动的正确顺序是“手腕—脚—肩—腿”。故选C。 答案　C 3．To carry out home exercises continuously，you need　 　. A．a good mood and atmosphere B．a good coach C．a professional teacher D．a good timer 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise which will help you stick to the exercise routine and excitement.Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes to perform the workout with ease.Also，putting on your favorite music will make your exercise session more lively.”可知，为运动设定一个完美的心情是很有必要的，这将帮助你坚持锻炼的常规和兴奋。确保你穿着合适的运动服来轻松地进行锻炼。此外，播放你最喜欢的音乐会让你的锻炼更加生动活泼。由此可知，要持续地进行家庭锻炼，你需要一个好心情和气氛。故选A。 答案　A B (2022·福州高二期中)Since the earliest days of the United States，Americans have begun their day by eating whatever is most easily available.These foods often include bread，eggs or leftovers—food left over from the night before.Today，ease is still an important factor when it comes to breakfast.However，what people eat has changed over time.Some of today's common breakfast foods，such as cereals (谷类食物)，are popular because of very effective marketing. “Advertising was practically invented to sell cereals.One of the first ways advertising was successfully or effectively used was to convince mothers that it was okay for their children to eat instant cereals.They offered working mothers a chance to let kids take care of themselves in the morning，” says Heather Arndt Anderson.She is the writer of the book Breakfast：A History. Advertising also played an important part in orange juice becoming a morning drink.In 1916，farmers grew more oranges than usual，so advertisers began saying，“Drink an orange.” They aimed to persuade people that drinking orange juice was a healthy way to start the day. Pancakes have also been around for a very long time.Researchers believe the world's oldest naturally preserved human mummy (木乃伊) ate a pancake­like food as one of his last meals.Researchers think pancakes may have been made in the morning because they are much quicker to prepare than bread.Cooks could then have time to make fresh bread for dinner. Americans still eat some of the same breakfast foods—like bread and eggs—that their ancestors did.Writer Heather Arndt Anderson notes that people's concerns about healthy food choices have also stayed the same.She hopes more Americans will see leftovers as breakfast foods.After all，they taste good and are a great way to reduce waste. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。从美国早期开始，美国人早餐就以吃最便捷的食物开始他们的一天。这些食物通常包括速溶麦片、薄煎饼或前一晚剩下的食物。 4．What is the advantage of the instant cereal? A．It makes kids healthier. B．It saves mothers' time. C．It satisfies everybody's taste. D．It costs less than other foods. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“Since the earliest days of the United States，Americans have begun their day by eating whatever is most easily available.”(从美国早期开始，美国人就以最容易得到的食物开始他们的一天。)和“However，what people eat has changed over time.”(今天，轻松仍然是早餐的一个重要因素。)可知，人们选择早餐食品的一个重要因素是方便获取；再结合文章第二段“One of the first ways advertising was successfully or effectively used was to convince mothers that it was okay for their children to eat instant cereals.They offered working mothers a chance to let kids take care of themselves in the morning，” says Heather Arndt Anderson.(“广告成功或有效使用的最初方法之一，就是说服母亲们，让她们的孩子吃速溶麦片是可以的。他们为工作的母亲们提供了一个让孩子们在早上照顾自己的机会。”海瑟·阿恩特·安德森说。)可知，速溶麦片的好处是可以节省妈妈的时间。故选B。 答案　B 5．What was the advertisers' final purpose of saying “Drink an orange”？ A．To market the orange juice. B．To recommend a popular lifestyle. C．To promote oranges as a healthy breakfast item. D.To encourage farmers in planting more oranges. 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Advertising also played an important part in orange juice becoming a morning drink.”(在橙汁成为早餐饮品的过程中，广告也起到了重要作用。)和“They aimed to persuade people that drinking orange juice was a healthy way to start the day.”(他们的目的是说服人们喝橙汁是健康的开始一天生活的方式。)可推知，广告商说“喝橘子”的最终目的是为了推销橙汁。故选A。 答案　A 6．Why does the author mention a mummy in Paragraph 4? A．To explain the origin of pancakes. B．To present the benefit of pancakes. C．To prove the long history of pancakes. D．To show the wide spreading of pancakes. 解析　推理判断题。例子是为了说明观点的。根据文章第四段“Pancakes have also been around for a very long time.Researchers believe the world's oldest naturally preserved human mummy (木乃伊) ate a pancake­like food as one of his last meals.”(煎饼也有很长一段时间了。研究人员认为，世界上最古老的自然保存的人类木乃伊最后一餐吃了一种薄饼状的食物。)可知，这个例子是为了说明证明煎饼的悠久历史。故选C。 答案　C 7．What is the main idea of the text? A．The History of the Americans' Diet. B．The Effects of Advertising Foods. C．The Importance of Having Healthy Meals. D.The Development of the Americans' Breakfast. 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍了美国早餐饮食的演变历史，即从早期的面包和鸡蛋，到后来的麦片粥和橙汁，美国人早餐食品的种类不断增加。D项：The Development of the Americans' Breakfast.(美国人早餐的发展。)符合题意。故选D。 答案　D C (2020·江苏卷)For those who can 　stomach it　，working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first，according to a study of meal timing and physical activity. Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance.However，far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health. To find out，British scientists conducted a study.They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are，for better and worse，representative of those of most of us.They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue. Then，on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab，each man walked for an hour at an average speed that，in theory，should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel.Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast，meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食).On the other occasion，they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. Just before and an hour after each workout，the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue. Then they compared the samples.There were considerable differences.Most obviously，the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.As a result，they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.On the other hand，they burned slightly more calories (卡路里)，on average，during the workout after breakfast than after fasting. But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant，the researchers found.Multiple genes behaved differently，depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health.These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted. The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise，it may be wise to skip eating first. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益。 8．The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”． A．digest the meal easily B．manage without breakfast C．decide wisely what to eat D．eat whatever is offered 解析　词义猜测题。根据后句“working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first”可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人。 B项“不吃早饭”与之意思相近。故选B。 答案　B 9．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment? A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people. B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight. C．They could walk at an average speed. D．They had slow metabolic rates. 解析　细节理解题。根据题干中10 people，定位答案在第三段。根据第三段中“They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are，for better and worse，representative of those of most of us”可知，他们首先挑选了10个超重不太爱运动，但是健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式，不管好坏，代表着我们大部分人。故选A。 答案　A 10．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise? A．They successfully lost weight. B．They consumed a bit more calories. C．They burned more fat on average. D．They displayed higher insulin levels. 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“On the other hand，they burned slightly more calories，on average，during the workout after breakfast than after fasting”可知，另一方面，平均来说，吃完早餐后锻炼消耗的热量要比禁食后稍微多一点。故选B。 答案　B 11．What could be learned from the research? A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances. B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates. C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise. D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise，it may be wise to skip eating first”可知，这些结果暗示了：为了从锻炼中获益最大，最好先不吃饭。故选D。 答案　D D (2022·长治高二期中)A large­scale study has found a link between eating a diet based on organic food and having a reduced risk of cancer.If the new results are confirmed，promoting organic food consumption could be a promising preventative strategy against the disease，a team of French researchers said. Meanwhile，pushed by environmental and health concerns，the organic food market continues to grow rapidly.Organic food is produced without the use of man­made chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides (杀虫剂). “There are good reasons for 　the organic trend　，” said Julia Baudry，lead author of the study in France.“There are growing concerns about exposure to different types of pesticides from farming.Organic food is less likely to contain pesticide remains than conventional (常规的) food，and studies have shown that an organic diet reduces exposure to certain pesticide.” For the study，a team of researchers examined data on the organic food consumption frequency and dietary intake of 68，946 French adults collected by an ongoing survey which began in 2009.Participants reported how often (never，occasionally or most of the time) they consumed 16 types of organic foods including fruits，vegetables，dairy products，meat and fish，eggs，grains and so on. “Over the course of the study，the researchers observed a significant reduction in the risk of cancer among those participants who were high consumers of organic food，” Baudry said.“In total，the participants developed a total of 1340 cancers.However，those individuals who ate the most organic food had a 25% reduced risk of developing cancer compared to consumers with a low organic food consumption frequency.” Despite these results，the authors note that the study contains several limitations，which means，at present，no conclusions can be drawn which definitively link eating organic food to having a reduced risk of developing cancer. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。法国研究人员一项大规模的研究发现，吃基于有机食物的饮食与降低患癌风险之间存在联系。 12．What is the finding of the French researchers' study? A．Consuming organic food can help cure cancer. B．Eating organic food is linked to lower cancer risk. C．Organic food consumption may help people stay in shape. D．Organic food is an extremely important source of various nutrients. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A large­scale study has found a link between eating a diet based on organic food and having a reduced risk of cancer.If the new results are confirmed，promoting organic food consumption could be a promising preventative strategy against the disease，a team of French researchers said.(一项大规模研究发现，食用有机食品与降低癌症风险之间存在联系。一组法国研究人员说，如果新的结果被证实，提倡食用有机食品可能是一种很有前途的预防疾病的策略。)”可知，法国研究人员研究发现食用有机食品与降低癌症风险有关。故选B。 答案　B 13．What's one reason for organic food becoming popular? A．People care about the environment and their health. B．Organic food is produced in a clean environment. C．More and more people can now afford organic food. D．Organic food is easier to grow. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Meanwhile，pushed by environmental and health concerns，the organic food market continues to grow rapidly.(与此同时，在环境和健康问题的推动下，有机食品市场继续快速增长。)”可知，有机食品变得受欢迎是因为人们关心环境和健康问题。故选A。 答案　A 14．What does the underlined part “the organic trend” probably refer to? A．Better quality of organic food. B．Losing interest in organic food. C．Higher prices of organic food. D．The rapidly growing market of organic food. 解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Meanwhile，pushed by environmental and health concerns，the organic food market continues to grow rapidly.(与此同时，在环境和健康问题的推动下，有机食品市场继续快速增长。)”根据文章第三段画线词后句“There are growing concerns about exposure to different types of pesticides from farming.Organic food is less likely to contain pesticide remains than conventional (常规的) food，and studies have shown that an organic diet reduces exposure to certain pesticide.(他说：‘人们越来越担心农耕过程中接触到的不同类型的杀虫剂。与传统食品相比，有机食品中残留农药的可能性较小，而且研究表明，有机饮食可以减少对某些农药的接触。’)”可知，人们对食品安全越来越担心，所以the organic trend指的是有机食品市场需求迅速增长的趋势。故选D。 答案　D 15．What can we know about the French researchers' survey from the passage? A．It was only carried out in 2009. B．Nearly 69，000 people took part in it. C．25% of the participants were cancer patients. D．The participants only consumed organic foods. 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段“For the study，a team of researchers examined data on the organic food consumption frequency and dietary intake of 68，946 French adults collected by an ongoing survey which began in 2009.(在这项研究中，一组研究人员分析了68 946名法国成年人的有机食品消费频率和饮食摄入量的数据，这些数据是从2009年开始的一项正在进行的调查中收集的。)”可知，将近69 000人参加了法国研究人员的调查。故选B。 答案　B 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2022·池州高二期中) Healthy See，Healthy Do Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach，and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy.But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases.　 16 　And it may make or break some healthy eating habits. The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food.Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.　 17 　A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves，for example.In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last­minute sales of healthier foods. 18 　It has been working with more than 1000 store owners to encourage them to order and promote nutritious foods.“We know that the stores are full of cues meant to encourage consumption，” says Tamar Adjoian，a research scientist at the department，“Making healthy foods more convenient or attractive can lead to increased sales of those products.” Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city's crowded urban checkout areas，so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.　 19 　 Of the more than 2，100 shoppers they observed，just 4 percent bought something from the checkout areas.Among those who did，however，customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.　 20 　The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. The potential influence may seem small，but Adjoian believes that creating more checkout lines would open customers' eyes to nutritious，lower­calorie foods.Health department officials are now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout counters throughout New York City. A．They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often. B．These foods give people more energy. C．The location of store displays also influences our shopping choices. D．These findings caught the attention of New York City Department of Health. E．The supermarkets began to offer nutritious，lower­calorie foods. F．And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthier options can change customer behavior. G．Then they recorded purchases over six three­hour periods in each store for two weeks. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。文章用几个实验向我们证明了商店里商品的摆放位置，特别是结账处附近的商品摆放会影响我们购物的选择。所以健康部门和专家都呼吁将健康食品放在这些地方，提高大家对健康食品的关注度。 16．C　根据上文“Visit the grocery store on an empty stomach，and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan to buy.But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases.(空着肚子去杂货店，你可能会带一些你不打算买的东西回家。但饥饿并不是增加购买的唯一原因。)”以及后文“And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.(它可能会形成或破坏一些健康的饮食习惯。)”可知，本句应当承接上文说明去商店增加了购买的其他原因，且后文中it与C选项中The location形成指代关系。故C选项“商店陈列的位置也会影响我们的购物选择。”符合语境，故选C。 17．F　根据上文“The checkout area is a particular hotspot for junk food.Studies have found that the products most commonly found there are sugary and salty snacks.(结账区是垃圾食品特别受欢迎的地方。研究发现，最常见的产品是含糖和盐的零食。)”以及后文“A 2012 study in the Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junk food for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteen shelves，for example.In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchers also found that replacing unhealthy foods with healthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last­minute sales of healthier foods.(2012年荷兰的一项研究发现，当食堂的货架上更容易买到健康零食时，医院工作人员更有可能放弃垃圾食品而选择健康零食。2014年，挪威和冰岛的研究人员还发现，在收银台用健康食品取代不健康食品，大大增加了结账时健康食品的销量。)”可知，空格后的两个举例都是强调如果购物者经常看到的是健康食品，他们会选择健康食品。由此可推知，空格处应该是强调换摆放在结账处的食品的重要性。故F选项“一些研究表明，简单地将垃圾食品换成健康一点的食品能改变顾客的购物行为。”符合语境，故选F。 18．D　根据后文“‘We know that the stores are full of cues meant to encourage consumption，’ says Tamar Adjoian，a research scientist at the department，‘Making healthy foods more convenient or attractive can lead to increased sales of those products.’(‘我们知道，商店里充斥着鼓励消费的暗示，’该部门的研究科学家Tamar Adjoian说，‘让健康食品更方便或更吸引人，可以提高这些产品的销量。’)”可知，本句应当是在说明有关部门对上一段中提到的发现的反应，后文中at the department指代D选项中New York City Department of Health。故D选项“这些发现引起了纽约市卫生部的注意。”符合语境，故选D。 19．G　根据上文“Adjoian and her colleagues wondered if such findings would apply to their city's crowded urban checkout areas，so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near the checkout counter.(Adjoian和她的同事想知道这样的发现是否适用于他们城市拥挤的结账区，所以他们选择了布朗克斯区的三家超市进行自己的研究。他们在收银台附近用水果和坚果代替了糖果和饼干。)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明研究过程，G选项中they指代上文Adjoian and her colleagues。故G选项“然后他们在两周内记录在每家商店六次三小时的购物记录。”符合语境，故选G。 20．A　根据上文“Of the more than 2100 shoppers they observed，just 4 percent bought something from the checkout areas.Among those who did，however，customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more than twice as often as those in the standard lines.(在他们观察的2100多名购物者中，只有4%的人在收银台买过东西。然而，在那些选择健康食品的人当中，选择健康食品的人购买营养食品的频率是选择标准食品的人的两倍多。)”以及后文“The findings were reported in September in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior.(研究结果发表在9月份的《营养教育与行为杂志》上。)”可知，这一段讲述Adjoian和她同事们做的试验的结果。由空格后的findings可知，前边至少有两项发现。上文已经提到了一个发现，本句应当是在说明另一个发现。故A选项“他们购买不健康食品的频率减少了40%。”符合语境，故选A。 第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2022·上海高二期中)Processed foods like chips，soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt，sugar and fat.Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans.Scientists have already linked low­cost，　 21 　foods to rising obesity rates around the world.Three recent studies offer more　 22 　on how our increasingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health. What does processed food　 23 　？ The researchers created a system that places foods into four groups.The system says highly processed foods are made　 24 　of industrialized materials and additives.Sodas，packaged cookies，instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods.But also included are products that can　 25 　healthy，such as morning cereals，energy bars and some kinds of yogurt. What's wrong with processed foods? Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four­week study involving 20 people.They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when　 26 　mostly processed foods.That is compared with when the　 27 　people were given less processed foods.The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted.They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be　 28 　． In another study，researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease.A similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death　 29 　. What is it about processed foods? When given less processed foods，people in the study　 30 　more of a hormone that controls hunger，and less of a hormone that causes hunger.The reason for the　 31 　is not clear.The scientists also found that people ate processed foods more quickly. Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study.He told the AP that processed foods are　 32 　 softer and easier to chew and swallow.Hall noted the source of nutrients might　 33 　.For example，fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel full than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt. What should you eat? Avoiding processed foods can be hard，　 34 　for people with limited time and money.Processed foods can also take many forms.　 35 　，companies continually re­engineer products to make them seem healthier.The newest studies may provide more reasons to avoid processed foods.But，they also call attention to the difficulty of coming up with ways to do that. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。科学家已经确定，廉价的包装食品与全球不断上升的肥胖率有关。文章介绍了什么是加工食品，加工食品有什么问题，加工食品与什么有关以及人们应该吃什么。 21．A.organic B．delicious C．packaged D．cheap 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：科学家已经确定，廉价的包装食品与全球不断上升的肥胖率有关。A.organic有机的；B.delicious美味的；C.packaged包装好的；D.cheap便宜的。根据下文的“rising obesity rates”可知，这种食物与肥胖有关，不可能是“有机的”和“美味的”，空格前low­cost与cheap意思相近，C项“包装好的”符合题意，说明不是新鲜食物。故选C。 答案　C 22．A.examples B．clues C．hints D．signals 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：最近的三项研究为日益增加的工业化食品供应可能对人类健康产生何种影响提供了更多线索。A.examples例子；榜样；B.clues线索；C.hints暗示；D.signals信号。根据下文内容的讲述可知，研究提供了更多工业化食品影响人类健康的线索。故选B。 答案　B 23．A.provide B．suggest C．mean D．infer 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：什么是加工食品？A.provide提供；B.suggest建议；C.mean意味着；D.infer推断。黑体是下文的主题句，根据下文的“Sodas，packaged cookies，instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods.”可知，讲述的是加工食品意味着什么，即加工食品是什么？故选C。 答案　C 24．A.specially B．mostly C．naturally D．technically 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：这一系统指出，高度加工食品主要由工业材料和添加剂组成。A.specially特别地；B.mostly大部分地；C.naturally自然地；D.technically技术上。根据空格前后文并结合常识可知，高度加工食品主要由工业材料和添加剂组成。故选B。 答案　B 25．A.remain B．taste C．become D．seem 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：但是也包括诸如早餐麦片、能量棒以及某些类型的酸奶等看起来健康的产品。A.remain仍旧；B.taste品尝；C.become成为；D.seem似乎。根据“such as morning cereals，energy bars and some kinds of yogurt”可知，此处说的是高度加工的不健康的食品，因此推断是似乎健康的食品。故选D。 答案　D 26．A.consumed B．forced C．deprived D．fed 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：他们发现，饮食以加工食品为主的参与者每天会多摄入约500卡路里。A.consumed吃；消费；B.forced迫使；C.deprived剥夺；D.fed喂养。根据上文的“people eat about 500 more calories a day”和下文“processed foods”可推断，此处指的是吃加工食品的人每天多摄入500卡热量。故选D。 答案　D 27．A.same B．normal C．different D．alternative 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：这是对同一个参与者食用较少加工食品的情况进行比较后得出的结论。A.same同样的；B.normal正常的；C.different不同的；D.alternative替代的。研究理应是对同一个人进行对比。故选A。 答案　A 28．A.explained B．observed C．cured D．remedied 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：参与者被带到医疗中心，对他们的健康和行为进行观察。A.explained解释；B.observed观察；C.cured治愈；D.remedied改正，纠正。根据上文“They were taken to a medical center”可知，被带去医疗中心，是对他们的健康和行为进行观察。故选B。 答案　B 29．A.in general B．in particular C．in nature D．in advance 解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意：西班牙进行的一项类似研究指出，一般情况下，食用更多加工食品会导致死亡风险增加。A.in general通常；B.in particular特别；C.in nature实际上；D.in advance提前。此处是一项与上文研究相似的研究，结合上文“researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease(食用更多加工食品的人更可能患上心脏疾病)”可推断研究指出的是一般情况下，食用更多加工食品会导致死亡风险增加。故选A。 答案　A 30．A.preferred B．produced C．compared D．processed 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：食用少量加工食品时，研究参与者会分泌更多控制饥饿的激素，而引发饥饿的激素则会减少。A.preferred更喜欢；B.produced生产；产生；C.compared比较；D.processed加工。根据下文提到的“more of a hormone”可知，研究参与者分泌更多控制饥饿的激素，produce“产生”符合语境。故选B。 答案　B 31．A.hunger B．procedure C．reaction D．physiology 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：这一反应的原因还不得而知。A.hunger饥饿；B.procedure程序；C.reaction反应；D.physiology生理技能。上文提到“食用少量加工食品时，研究参与者会分泌更多控制饥饿的激素，而引发饥饿的激素则会减少”是参与者的反应。故选C。 答案　C 32．A.supposedly B．hardly C．usually D．constantly 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：他对美联社表示，加工食品通常更软、更容易咀嚼和吞咽。A.supposedly据认为；B.hardly几乎不；C.usually通常；D.constantly不断地。根据下文“softer and easier to chew and swallow”并结合常识可知，加工食品通常更软、更容易咀嚼和吞咽。故选C。 答案　C 33．A.strike a balance B．run a risk C．pose a threat D.make a difference 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：霍尔指出，营养来源可能有所不同。A.strike a balance公平处理；B.run a risk冒险；C.pose a threat构成威胁；D.make a difference有影响，产生不同。根据下文“For example，fiber from whole fruits and vegetables may be better for making people feel full than fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.(比如，与能量棒和酸奶等包装食品中添加的纤维相比，来自完整水果和蔬菜的纤维可能更容易使人们有饱腹感)”可推断，此处说的是营养来源不同，故选D。 答案　D 34．A.especially B．generally C．specifically D．reasonably 解析　考查副词辨析。句意：不食用加工食品可能很难做到，对时间和金钱有限的人来说尤其如此。A.especially特别；B.generally普遍地；C.specifically明确地；D.reasonably合理地。下文“for people with limited time and money.Processed foods can also take many forms.”可知，时间和金钱有限的人更难避免食用加工食品。故选A。 答案　A 35．A.By contrast B．In summary C．Above all D．In addition 解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意：另外，企业可以继续重新调整产品，让产品看起来更健康。A.By contrast相比之下；B.In summary总的来说；C.Above all首要的是；D.In addition除此之外。上文“Processed foods can also take many forms.(加工食品可以有多种形式。)”和下文“companies continually re­engineer products to make them seem healthier(企业可以继续重新调整产品，让产品看起来更健康)”是递进关系，解释了我们应该吃什么。故选D。 答案　D 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Despite numerous claims that meal­replacement products provide sufficient nutrition and calories，36. (use) them over a long period of time could pose health risks，according to experts. Yang Yuxiang，a senior nutritionist，says healthy meal­replacement products can be 37. acceptable replacement for gluttons(贪食者) 38. want to lose weight，as long as they use them only occasionally，but they may not be necessarily effective for others 39. (have) such issues.However，many brands tend 40. (claim)that their products can 41. (complete) replace regular meals or achieve weight loss.Actually，most meal­replacement products on the market use dietary fiber (膳食纤维) 42. their main ingredient，which satisfies the appetite but is difficult to digest.Besides，they lack other types of nutrients.Yang says the 43. (healthy) way to lose weight is a change of lifestyle，such as eating home­cooked meals and taking regular exercise. Wu Juntong，a 22­year­old student，said she had tried a type of biscuit 44. (promote) as a meal­replacement，but found that it did not live up to her expectations.“Customers will lose their 45. (innocent) after their curious attempt，” she said. [语篇解读]　本文是说明文。代餐产品真的可以代替一日三餐吗？ 36．using　此处为动名词短语作主语。故填using。 37．an　此处为不定冠词表泛指，acceptable以元音音素开头，故填an。 38．who/that　引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。故填who/that。 39．having　此处为动词的现在分词短语作后置定语，逻辑主语others与have之间是主动关系。故填having。 40．to claim　tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”。故填to claim。 41．completely　空白处所填词在句中修饰空后动词replace，故填其副词形式。故填completely。 42．as　use sth as sth意为“使用某物作为某物”。故填as。 43．healthiest　根据空前的the可知，此处应填其最高级形式。故填healthiest。 44．promoted　此处为过去分词短语作后置定语，逻辑主语a type of biscuit与promote之间是被动关系。故填promoted。 45．innocence　空白处所填词在句中作谓语动词lose的宾语，故填其名词形式innocence。 第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 请以“My Favorite Food”为题，介绍你喜欢的食物。 My Favorite Food One possible version： My Favourite Food I like eating dumplings not because I am from northern China but because they are really very delicious and stand for reunion. My family usually eat dumplings when all the family members come together.Making dumplings with my sisters is the happiest thing for me.Chinese dumplings are one of the most important foods in the Spring Festival.You can make a variety of Chinese dumplings with different fillings，depending on your taste and how various ingredients mixed together by you. Please come and enjoy having dumplings with me. 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。 A few years ago，I was taking up a part­time summer job at a local ice cream shop.While handing an ice cream to an old woman at the drive­through window，I noticed that she had a box of what appeared to be purple tomatoes.(If you've ever had a drive­through job，you know that it's hard not to look into someone's car when you are near from his or her face.) That's when I felt the desire coming on.I felt that I was eager to explore what they exactly were.But I just didn't know how to start my exploration.Would she refuse my curiosity directly or just keep silent，even with a look of disgust? After a struggle in my heart，I decided to encourage myself to grasp the last minute.As I handed her the ice cream，I said，“Those tomatoes look delicious! What kind are they？” She smiled and I thought she was about to start laughing，but instead she replied，“Here，have some！” Within seconds I had a handful of splendid purple tomatoes.“Oh，no，you don't need to give me any！” I said.Those tomatoes looked expensive.“Here，have more，” she insisted，and now I had six of the fattest，prettiest tomatoes I had ever seen.I weakly tried to protest：“Really，you didn't have to give me any，but I appreciate it.” The woman smiled again and said，“I hope you enjoy them.And to answer your question，It's an heirloom breed(传家宝品种) that my Mom used to plant.So they aren't like the ones you get in the grocery store.” I thanked her again，and she sped off.She was like an adult version of the tooth fairy：I gave her ice cream and she gave me tomatoes. About two weeks later，a box of vegetables was dropped off in my office. I decided to accept her invitation to visit her vegetable garden. One possible version： About two weeks later，a box of vegetables was dropped off in my office.A note was attached to the box，and it read：“To my friend，here are more delicious and healthy purple tomatoes.If you will，please come to visit my vegetable garden.You will like it.” What was totally beyond my expectation was that she went on giving me so many purple tomatoes，only as a result of my casual appreciation and desire.I shared the purple tomatoes and the moving story with my office colleagues，who also appreciated the gifts，encouraging me to accept her invitation. I decided to accept her invitation to visit her vegetable garden.What's more，I desired to thank her face to face and make close friends with her in the coming days.I picked up my phone and called the telephone number on the note.After about half an hour's drive，I came to the vegetable garden，where various vegetables ranging from tomatoes to cucumbers and green beans were planted.Seeing the garden in the soft sunshine，I felt that I had come to a natural green homeland，relaxed and delighted.“Thank you for your gifts.I am really glad to come here.” I said to my friend.She smiled：“Thank you! I am very glad that you like them.” It was a casual greeting and kindness that brought us the precious friendship.What a surprise! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$