Unit4 Section Ⅲ Extended reading & Project & Assessment(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（译林版）

Section Ⅲ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．　dare　 vi.&vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) 2．　encounter　 vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突 3．　numerous　 adj.众多的，许多的 4．　liberty　 n．自由(自己选择生活方式而不受政府或权威的过多限制) 5．　vitality　 n．生命力，活力，热情 6．　frost　 n．霜；霜冻，严寒天气 7．　cast　 vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛 8．　owe　 vt.欠(情)；欠(债) 9．　debt　 n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 10．　entitle　 vt.(usually passive)给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 11．　blame　 vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责 12．　allowance　 n．津贴，补助；限额；零花钱 拓展词汇 13．　striking　 adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的→　strikingly　 adv.惹人注目地，醒目地；突出地，出众地→　strike　 vt.&vi.突然想到；撞，碰；打；突击；罢工；划(火柴)n.罢工；袭击；击，打→　striker　 n．罢工者；(足球队的)前锋 14．　characterize/characterise　 vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画→　character　 n．品格，品质；特征，特性；(小说、戏剧中的)人物，角色；(汉)字，字体；性格→　characteristic　 n．特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的 15．　stability　 n．稳定(性)，稳固(性)→　stable　 adj.稳定的；稳重的n.马厩；马场→　stabilize　 vi.&vt.(使)稳定， (使)稳固→　stabilizer　 n．稳定剂，稳定装置 16．　tolerant　 adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→　tolerance　 n．宽容；宽恕→　tolerate　 vt.容忍；忍受→　tolerable　 adj.尚可忍受的；可接受的，过得去的 17．　distinguish　 vt.&vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→　distinguished　 adj.著名的；卓越的 18．　representative　 adj.典型的，有代表性的n.典型人物，代表性人物；代表→　represent　 v．代表，表示→　representation　 n．代表，代理；表现 19．　unforgiving　 adj.棘手的；不饶人的；不宽容的→　forgiving　 adj.宽容的，宽大的→　forgivable　 adj.可宽恕的，可原谅的→　forgive　 vt.原谅；饶恕→　forgiveness　 n．宽恕；原谅 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．contribute 　to　有助于；导致；为……做出贡献；为……撰稿 2．　at　 the age of...……岁时 3．　in　 turn反过来；依次；轮流 4．have a huge impact 　on　对……有重大影响 5．be impressed 　by/at /with　对……印象深刻 6．distinguish...　from　...把……和……区别开 7．be recognized 　as　...被认作……/被认为是…… 8．owe...　to　...把……归功于…… 9．blame sth 　on　 sb 把某事归咎于某人身上 10．make allowance 　for　体谅；考虑到，估计到 11．give way 　to　撤退；让步，让路；让……优先 12．meet 　with　 遇到；经历；会晤 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．　It is believed that　 this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。 2．During his travels，he visited famous mountains and great rivers，　encountering different customs and practices　. 在旅行中，他游览了名山大川，了解了不同的风俗习惯。 3．　Given his personal experiences and the historical background　，it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. 从李白的个人经历和历史背景来看，李白的大部分诗歌都具有浪漫主义风格。 4．　Equally impressive is　 Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings，which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes，and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. 同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。 5．The poem below，　written in his fifties　，is representative of his romantic style. 下面这首在他50多岁时所创作的诗代表了他的浪漫主义风格。 Ⅰ.Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What's the text type of the passage? A．Narration (记叙文). B．Practical writing (应用文). C．Expository writing (说明文). D．Argumentative writing (议论文). 2．What is the purpose of the poem A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple in the passage? A．To ask readers to enjoy it. B．To compare it with other poems. C．To introduce Li Bai. D．To introduce Tang poems. 3．What made Li Bai familiar with classical Chinese culture and acquire the wisdom of previous generations? A．All kinds of books he read. B．All activities he took part in. C．The society he lived in. D．His travelling experience. 4．What made Li Bai different from other landscape poets? A．His free expression of strong feelings. B．His extraordinary talent. C．His inspiration from nature. D．The influence from Qu Yuan. 答案：1～4　ACAA Ⅱ.Master the key content of the text. Para.1：Li Bai's romantic style •with 1.　striking　 imagination •displayed signs of a 2.　romantic　 style Paras.2—4 Personal experiences Reading •3.　familiarized himself with　 classical Chinese culture •4.　acquired　 the wisdom of previous generations Travelling •5.　nourished　 his love of nature •inspired him to write 6.　numerous poems　 The social And historical context •allowed him the 7.　liberty　 to develop a free and unconstrained personality •had a huge impact on 8.　his poetic production　 Para.5： Reasons for popularity •the rich 9.　imagination 　•10.　free expression　 of strong feelings •the wide use of exaggeration, metaphor and other artistic techniques Para.6 The popularity of Li Bai and his poetry •Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest 11.　romantic poet　 after Qu Yuan. •Li Bai's poetry is enjoyed by 12.　countless readers　 around the world. Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks using the proper words according to the text. It is believed that A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple 1.　was written　 (write) by Li Bai in his teenage years.With striking imagination, this early poem showed signs of romantic style, which was later to characterize his poetry. Li Bai's love of reading and travelling contributed a lot 2.　to　 his romantic style.By 3.　reading　 (read) all kinds of books, he got familiar with classical Chinese culture and 4.　acquired　 (acquire) the wisdom of previous generations.Li Bai's travel around the country nourished his love of nature and inspired him 5.　to write　 (write) romantic poems.In addition, Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, 6.　which　 allowed Li Bai to develop 7.　a　 free and unconstrained personality.Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is easy to see that most of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. All in all, with his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong 8.　feelings　 (feeling) and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the 9.　greatest　 (great) romantic poet after Qu Yuan.Li Bai's poetry inspires generations of poets both at home 10.　and　 abroad and is enjoyed by countless readers. [重点词汇] 1．characterize (also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画 (1)character n. 品格，品质；特征，特性；(小说、戏剧中的)人物，角色；(汉)字，字体；性格 in character　符合某人的性格 out of character　不符合某人的性格 (2)characteristic n.　特征；特点；品质 adj.　典型的；独特的 (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.她想知道几个世纪的潜水经历能否导致他们身体特征的进化，从而使得这项工作对他们来说更容易。 Windmills are a characteristic feature of the Mallorcan landscape. 风车是马略卡岛风光的一大特色。 [佳句背诵] (2020·浙江卷)A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. 用几个人物来创造出一个体现主题的单一印象。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①It was entirely 　in　 character for Rechel to put her baby first. ②I can't believe she lied to me—it seems so 　out　 of character. ③Different states of America have different 　characteristics　(characteristic)，that is to say，America is a land of diversity. 写出下列句中character的含义 ④Her husband was a man of good character，well­liked and respected by his colleagues.　品质　 ⑤They are the two main characters in the film.　角色　 ⑥Here are 80，000 Chinese characters，most of which are seldom used today.　汉字　 ⑦Openness is at the heart of the American character.　性格　 2．encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突 encounter with sb/sth突然的或意外的(尤指敌对的)相遇，碰撞；偶然碰到 These tools address issues that you may encounter with configuration management，mail flow，performance，and disaster recovery. 这些工具可用于解决您可能遇到的配置管理、邮件流量、性能和灾难恢复方面的问题。 It was the encounter with Mary that delayed him.就是由于同玛丽的邂逅而耽搁了他。 [佳句背诵] (2020·浙江卷)Making the best of this close encounter，I took some pictures of the bear.为了充分利用这次亲密接触，我拍了几张熊的照片。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①It brings me to another major trap I frequently 　encountered　(encounter) in the past. ②One rainy night the policeman had a chance to encounter 　with　 a gang of smugglers. 一句多译 ③我在剑桥学习时第一次遇到他。 A．I first 　encountered him　 when studying at Cambridge. B．My first 　encounter with him　 was when I was studying at Cambridge. 3．stability n．稳定(性)，稳固(性) (1)instability n.　不稳固，不稳定 (2)stable adj.　稳固的，稳定的；安定的；稳重的 n.　马厩；马场 in a stable condition　情况稳定 unstable adj.　不稳固的，不稳定的 (3)stably adj.　稳定地；沉稳地 (4)stabilize v.　(使)稳固，(使)稳定 (2019·江苏卷)Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. 食物网可能由许多薄弱环节主导，因为这种安排在长期内更稳定。 Vegetable can grow on the stably established table.蔬菜能在稳定放置的桌子上生长。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The patient's condition is 　stably　(stable) improving after the operation. ②It could threaten the peace and 　stability　(stable) of the region. 完成句子 ③这个国家的人民渴望社会稳定。 People in the country 　are eager for social stability　. 4．tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 (1)be tolerant of　对……宽容；容忍…… (2)tolerate vt.　忍受；包容；容许 tolerate (sb)doing sth　 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 (3)tolerance n.　宽容；宽恕 show tolerance towards sb　容忍某人 The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation. 村民们再也不能忍受这种情况了。 Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.她没有责备那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是给他一个宽容的微笑，并让他走了。 [名师点津] 表示“忍受/容忍(某人)做某事”的表达还有：stand (sb) doing sth；bear (sb) doing/to do sth；put up with等。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Perhaps you need to show 　tolerance　(tolerate) towards your neighbors. ②If I were her staff，I really wouldn't tolerate 　being scolded　(scold) by her every day. ③We must learn to be tolerant 　of　 different living habits especially when we are abroad. 汉译英 ④我不能容忍被嘲笑。 I can't tolerate/can't bear/stand/can't put up with being made fun of.　 5．distinguish vt.&vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众 (1)distinguish between A and B　区分A和B distinguish...from...　 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself (as...)　 (作为……)而出名 (2)distinguished adj.　卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for...　因……而出名 be distinguished as...　作为……而闻名 Can you distinguish goat from sheep? 你能把山羊和绵羊区分开吗？ Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。 Honestly speaking，I admire your distinguished achievements. 诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①This task interdependence distinguishes baseball 　from　 football and basketball. ②No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a 　distinguished　(distinguish) writer. ③He distinguished 　himself　(he) by winning 4 prizes. 完成句子 ④中华民族以勤奋勇敢而出名。 The Chinese nation 　is distinguished for/is famous for　 its diligence and courage. 6．representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 n.典型人物，代表性人物；代表 represent v.　代表，表示；描绘；声称；说明 represent...as/to be... 宣称……为……；把……描绘成…… represent sth to sb　 向某人说明某事；向某人传达某事 represent oneself as/to be...　自称是…… (2020·江苏卷)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are，for better and worse，representative of those of most of us. 他们首先发现了10名超重、不活跃但身体健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式无论好坏，都代表了我们大多数人的生活方式。 In the afternoon，you together with some of our student representatives are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.下午您将和我们的一些学生代表去参观海河，欣赏那里美丽的风景。 [佳句背诵] (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth coming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①As a 　representative　(represent) of resettled people，I support the construction of the project. ②I represent 　to　 him that it will be dangerous to do what he suggested. 一句多译 ③我非常高兴代表班级邀请你参加我们的郊游活动。 A．I'd like 　to represent my class　 and invite you to join us in the outing. B.　Representing/On behalf of my class　，I'd like to invite you to join us in the outing. 7．owe vt.欠(情)；欠(债) (1)owe sb an apology　该向某人道歉 owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb　欠某人某物 (2)owe...to...　把……归功于…… owe it to sb that...　多亏某人…… (3)owing to　因为；由于 I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends. 我的这些成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。 He owe it to his doctor's care that he is quite well again.多亏医生的照料，他的病才好了。 [名师点津] 如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在后面。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①The old man owes his good health 　to　 his lifestyle. ②I owed 　it　 to you that I finished my work on time. ③Owing 　to　 the rain，they could not come. 句型转换 ④The country owes foreign countries billions of dollars because of the financial crisis. →The country 　owes billions of dollars to foreign countries　 because of the financial crisis. 8．debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 go into debt　陷入债务之中，负债 pay off one's debts　偿清某人的债务 in debt　负债 be in debt to sb＝ be in sb's debt 欠某人的钱；欠某人的情 out of debt　不欠债 Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. 他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸的斗争中失败。 The couple worked hard day and night in order to pay off their debts. 为了还清债务，这对夫妇夜以继日地拼命干活。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①As we all know，she is a person who doesn't like to be in debt 　to　 anyone. ②She was 　in　 debt when she was poor，but she has been out of debt since she got rich. ③I need to pay 　off　 all my debts before I leave the village. 完成句子 ④一个人无论是买房子或买车子通常必须负债。 To buy a house or a car，　one usually has to go into debt　. 9．blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责 blame sb for sth　因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb　把某事归咎于某人身上 be to blame (for...) 应承担责任；该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义) blame n.　责备；指责 bear/take the blame for...　对……负责 lay/put the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人身上 She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage. ＝She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband. 她把婚姻的失败归咎于她丈夫。 As a matter of fact，the driver was not to blame for the accident. 事实上，这次事故不怪司机。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①They blamed him 　for　 the accident happening the other day. ②You should take the blame 　for　 what you have done. ③The police blamed the traffic accident 　on　 Tom's careless driving. ④To be honest，it was Su's fault，but Li was also 　to blame　(blame). 完成句子 ⑤诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。 To be honest，Li Hua 　is to blame for/should take the blame for　 the conflict. [重点句型] 1．(教材P53)　It is believed that　 this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 人们认为这首诗是李白十几岁时写的。 句中It is believed that为“it＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”结构。在该结构中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。 (1)It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句。 (2)It＋be＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important...)＋that从句。 (3)It＋不及物动词(occur，happen...)＋that从句。 (4)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，a shame，an honour，no wonder...)＋that从句。 It was possible that the driver would be sentenced to prison. 司机有可能被判入狱。 (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. 据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。 [即学活用] 句型转换 ①The man，who has a gift for directing films，is said to be a famous director. →　It is said that　 the man，who has a gift for directing films，is a famous director. 完成句子 ②很明显，中国的老龄化人口会对未来的整个社会造成很大的压力。 　It's quite clear/obvious that　 the aging population in China will cause a heavy pressure on the whole society in the future. 2．(教材P54)　Given his personal experiences and the historical background　，it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style. 从李白的个人经历和历史背景来看，李白的大部分诗歌都具有浪漫主义风格。 given (that)，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因。 (1)given为介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因，后可接that从句，that可省略；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。 (2)引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达还有： ①considering (that)...　考虑到，鉴于 ②seeing (that)...　既然，鉴于 ③provided/providing (that)...　假定…… ④assuming (that)...　假设，如果 ⑤suppose/supposing (that)...　假如，如果 Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。 Provided/Providing that you finish your work，you may go. 假如你完成了自己的工作，你就可以走了。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①　Supposing/Suppose　(suppose) that you were failing in the coming exam，what should you do? ②　Considering　(consider) his age，he has done a very good job. ③　Assuming　(assume) that the plan is practical，how will you achieve it? 完成句子 ④考虑到他的年龄，他已是相当活跃的了。 　Given his age/Considering how old he is　，he's remarkably active. 3．(教材P54)The poem below，　written in his fifties　，is representative of his romantic style. 下面这首在他50多岁时所创作的诗代表了他的浪漫主义风格。 句中的过去分词短语written in his fifties作后置定语，修饰poem。 (1)过去分词(短语)作定语，与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系，少数过去分词也可表示完成，不表示被动。 (2)单个过去分词作定语往往前置，过去分词短语作定语需后置。用作定语的过去分词(短语)在意思上与一个定语从句相似。 She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground. 她正在打扫地上的落叶。 The student dressed in white is my daughter. ＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我的女儿。 [佳句背诵] (2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The beautiful long branches covered with pink­colored buds make fantastic decorations.满是粉红色蓓蕾的、漂亮的长枝成为极好的装饰品。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Earth Day，　marked　(mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. ②(2020·浙江卷)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age，a study 　published　(publish) Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests. ③We must keep a secret of the things 　being discussed　(discuss) here. 句型转换 ④Most of the people who were invited to attend the party were famous scientists. →Most of the people 　invited to attend the party　 were famous scientists. [随堂演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He owes his success 　to　 hard work and patience. 2．Being back with their family should provide emotional 　stability　(stable) for the children. 3．Everybody knows that he is 　to blame　(blame) for this. 4．Are your opinions representative 　of　 the other students? 5．I had never 　encountered　(encounter) such resistance before. 6．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball 　from　 football and basketball. 7．The city 　is characterized　(character) by tall modern buildings in steel and glass. 8．The film is so terrible that it is beyond my 　tolerance　(tolerate). 9．This young couple are always 　in　 debt because they never consider their incomes before buying something. 10．She bears a 　striking　(strike) resemblance to her older sister. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．人们相信，好朋友能激发出一个人最好的一面。 　It is believed that　 a good friend brings out the best in a person. 2．考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。 　Given her interest in children　，teaching seems the right job for her. 3．去年建的学校是为残疾儿童而设的。 The school 　built last year　 is intended for the disabled children. 4．他躺在床上读着一本小说。 He lay in bed，　reading a novel　. 5．出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。 　Present at the party were　 Mr.Green and many other guests. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$