英语·2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅰ卷)(无听力)（含答题卡）

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I卷） 英语答题卡 姓 名： 准考证号： 贴条形码区 考生 缺考考生由监考员贴条形码，并用2B铅笔填涂下面的缺考标 (正面朝上，请勿贴出虚线方框) 禁填 记。□ 1.答题前，考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核实对监考员所粘贴的条形码上的准考证号，姓名、考场 和座位号是否淮确无误。 注意事 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔将对应题目的答案标号涂黑，修改时用橡皮擦干净，再选择其它答案涂黑。非选择题必 须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区域内答题，超出答题区域的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题纸上书写的答案无效。 4,保持卡面清洁，完整，严禁折叠，严禁使用涂改液、胶带纸和修正带。 5,正确填涂 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 1.[A][B][C] 5.[A][B][C 9.[A][B][C] 13.[A][B[C] 17.[A][B][C 2.[A][B][C] 6.[A][B][C] 10.[A][B][C] 14.[A][B][C] 18.[A][B[C] 3.[A][B][C] 7.[A][B][C] 11.[A][B[C 15.[A][BLC] 19.[A][B][C] 4.[A][B][C] 8.[A][B][C] 12.[A][B][C] 16.[A][B[C] 20.[A][B][C] 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 21.[A][B[C][D]26.[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C[D]36.[A][B[C][D][E]LF][G] 22.[A][B][C][D]27.[A[B[C[D]32.LA][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 23.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B[C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D][E[F][G] 24.[A][B][C[D]29.[A][B][C][D]34.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 25.[A][B][C][D]30.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D]40.[A][B[C][D][E][F][G] 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 41.[A][B[C][D]45.[A][B][C][D]49.[A][B][C[D] 53.[A][B[C][D 42.[A][B[C][D]46.[A][B][C][D]50.[A][B][C][D] 54.[A][B[C][D] 43.[A][B][C][D]47.[A][B][C][D]51.[A][B][C]CD]55.[A][B[C][D] 44.[A][B][C][D]48.[A][B][C][D]52.[A][B][C][D] 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出边框的答案无效 2023·新课标I卷第6页（共8页） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出边框的答案无效 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） Dear Ryan, I'm Li Hua from Class 3. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） Paragraph 1: A few weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest,there came the news. Paragraph 2: I went to my teacher's of fice after the award presentation. 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，短出边框的答案无效 2023·新课标I卷第7页（共8页）绝密★启用前 2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I卷） 英语 本卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 6.Why does Sara make the phone call? $ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小 A.To ask for advice. 题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 B.To arrange an outing 佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的 C.To cancel an appointment. 时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对 7.What does David want to do? 话仅读一遍。 A.Go to a dinner party. 例：How much is the shirt? B.Talk to Sara in person. A.￡19.15 C.Work on the new case. B.￡9.18. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 C.￡9.15. 8.Where is Jim now? 孙 答案是C。 A.In a taxi. B.On a bus. 1.What will Jack probably do this weekend? C.In his office. A.Go camping. 9.What is the woman's suggestion? B.Visit a friend. A.Going to the city center. C.Watch a film. B.Taking a short cut home. 2.What does the woman ask the man to do? A.Take care of her bags. C.Meeting Jim in the park. 听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。 B.Pack the food for her. C.Check the train schedule. 10.What did Clara do at the weekend? A.She planted vegetables. 教 3.When will the man see Bob? A.This Friday. B.She went to a yard sale. B.This Saturday. C.She visited her grandpa. C.Next Monday. 11.What did Mark find inside one of the books 4.Why does the man apologize? he bought? A.For the terrible food. A.A plane ticket. B.A family photo. B.For the overcharge. C.A postcard. C.For the waiter's rudeness. 12.Where does Mark live? 5.What are the speakers talking about? A.Los Angeles. B.Chicago. 密 A.Writing a book. C.Philadelphia. B.Holding a celebration. 13.What is the relationship between Mark and C.Buying a present. Ashley? 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） A.Brother and sister. 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白 B.Husband and wife. 后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 C.Father and daughter. 项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完 14.What is probably the woman? 后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对 A.A teacher. B.A journalist. 话或独白读两遍。 C.An athlete. 2023·新课标I卷 第1页（共8页） 15.What does Victor find difficult as a member Prices of the basketball team? Hand Brake. Foot Brake. A.Adapting himself to the intense training. Three Gears No Gears B.Dealing with the pressure from the coach. C.Regaining the skills learned in high school. 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 16.What does Victor say about the players on the team? 3 hours e11.00 €7.50 A.They are of the same age. 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 B.They are similar in character. C.They are from different countries. Each additional day e8.00 e6.00 17.How does Victor feel about his team now? Guided City Tours A.It's about to break up. The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer B.It's the best in Indiana. Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuse- C.It's getting stronger. um,Heineken Brewery and much more.The 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 tour departs from Dam Square every hour on 18.Who is Tom Hokinson? the hour,starting at 1:00 pm every day.You A.Founder of a magazine. can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book B.Publisher of a novel. online. C.Editor of a newspaper. 21.What is an advantage of MacBike? 19.What do we know about the content of The A.It gives children a discount. Idler? B.It offers many types of bikes. A.It's old-fashioned. C.It organizes free cycle tours. B.It's wide-ranging. D.It has over 2,500 rental shops. C.It's student-targeted. 22.How much do you pay for renting a bike 20.Why does the speaker give the talk? with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.To do a promotion. A.€15.75. B.e19.50. B.To discuss an issue. C.€22.75. D.€29.50. C.To introduce a lecturer. 23.Where does the guided city tour start? 第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分） A.The Gooyer,Windmill. 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） B.The Skinny Bridge. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B、C、D C.Heineken Brewery. 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 D.Dam Square. 4 B Bike Rental Guided Tours When John Todd was a child,he loved to Welcome to Amsterdam,welcome to explore the woods around his house,observing MacBike.You see much more from the seat of how nature solved problems.A dirty stream, a bike!Cycling is the most economical,sus-for example,often became clear after flowing tainable and fun way to explore the city,with through plants and along rocks where tiny its beautiful canals,parks,squares and count-creatures lived.When he got older,John star- less lights.You can also bike along lovely land- ted to wonder if this process could be used to scapes outside of Amsterdam. clean up the messes people were making. Why MacBike After studying agriculture,medicine,and MacBike has been around for almost 30 fisheries in college,John went back to observ- years and is the biggest bicycle rental company ing nature and asking questions.Why can cer- in Amsterdam.With over 2,500 bikes stored in tain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？ our five rental shops at strategic locations,we Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing make sure there is always a bike available for chemicals?With the right combination of ani- you.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide va- mals and plants,he figured,maybe he could riety,including basic bikes with foot brake clean up waste the way nature did.He decided 车)，bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡)， to build what he would later call an eco-ma- bikes with child seats,and children's bikes. chine. 2023·新课标I卷第2页（共8页） The task John set for himself was to re- To do so,I divided the book into two move harmful substances from some sludge parts.In part one,I describe the philosophical (污泥).First,he constructed a series of clear foundations of digital minimalism,starting fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then with an examination of the forces that are mak- he went around to local ponds and streams and ing so many people's digital lives increasingly brought back some plants and animals.He intolerable,before moving on to a detailed dis placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to cussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. one another and formed their own ecosystem. Part one concludes by introducing my sug After a few weeks,John added the sludge. gested method for adopting this philosophy: He was amazed at the results.The plants the digital declutter.This process requires you and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge to step away from optional online activities for as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it thirty days.At the end of the thirty days,you had all been digested,and all that was left was will then add back a small number of carefully pure water. chosen online activities that you believe will Over the years,John has taken on many provide massive benefits to the things you val- big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facili- :ue. ty that treated sewage(污水)from1,6oo In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide homes in South Burlington.He also designed you through carrying out your own digital de an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou. clutter.In doing so,I'll draw on an experiment a city in southeast China. I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed "Ecological design"is the name John gives to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these to what he does."Life on Earth is kind of a box participants'stories and learn what strategies of spare parts for the inventor,”he says..“You worked well for them,and what traps they en- put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new sys- countered that you should avoid. tems develop their own ways to self-repair." The second part of this book takes a closer 24.What can we learn about John from the first look at some ideas that will help you cultivate two paragraphs? (培养)a sustainable digital minimalism lifes A.He was fond of traveling. tyle.In these chapters,I examine issues such B.He enjoyed being alone. as the importance of solitude(独处)and the C.He had an inquiring mind necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to D.He longed to be a doctor. replace the time most now spent on mindless 25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? device use.Each chapter concludes with a col- A.To feed the animals. lection of practices,which are designed to help B.To build an ecosystem. you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can C.To protect the plants. view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid D.To test the eco-machine. your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that 26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning works for your particular circumstances. Fuzhou? 28.What is the book aimed at? A.To review John's research plans B.To show an application of John's idea. A.Teaching critical thinking skills. C.To compare John's different jobs. B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle D.To erase doubts about John's invention. C.Solving philosophical problems. 27.What is the basis for John's work? D.Promoting the use of a digital device. A.Nature can repair itself. 29.What does the underlined word“declutter” B.Organisms need water to survive. in paragraph 3 mean? C.Life on Earth is diverse. A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. C.Check-in. D.Take-over. C 30.What is presented in the final chapter of The goal of this book is to make the case part one? for digital minimalism,including a detailed ex- A.Theoretical models. ploration of what it asks and why it works,and B.Statistical methods. then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy C.Practical examples. if you decide it's right for you. D.Historical analyses. 2023·新课标I卷 第3页（共8页） 31.What does the author suggest readers do Although the studies led by Navajas have with the practices offered in part two? limitations and many questions remain the po- A.Use them as needed. tential implications for group discussion and B.Recommend them to friends. decision-making are enormous. C.Evaluate their effects 32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? D.Identify the ideas behind them. A.The methods of estimation. D B.The underlying logic of the effect. On March 7,1907,the English statisti- C.The causes of people's errors. cian Francis Galton published a paper which il- D.The design of Galton's experiment. lustrated what has come to be known as the 33.Navajas'study found that the average accu- “wisdom of crowds”effect..The experiment of racy could increase even if estimation he conducted showed that in some A.the crowds were relatively small cases,the average of a large number of inde- B.there were occasional underestimates pendent estimates could be quite accurate. C.individuals did not communicate This effect capitalizes on the fact that D.estimates were not fully independent when people make errors,those errors aren't 34.What did the follow-up study focus on? always the same.Some people will tend to o- A.The size of the groups. verestimate,and some to underestimate.When B.The dominant members. enough of these errors are averaged together, C.The discussion process. they cancel each other out,resulting in a more D.The individual estimates. accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend 35.What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' to make the same errors,then their errors studies? won't cancel each other out.In more technical A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that C.Doubtful. D.Approving. people's estimates be independent.If for what- 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） ever reasons,people's errors become correlated 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可 or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will 以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 go down. 余选项。 But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas Personal Forgiveness offered an interesting twist (on this clas- Taking responsibility for mistakes is a sic phenomenon.The key finding of the study positive step,but don't beat yourself up about was that when crowds were further divided in- them.To err(犯错)is human.36 You can to smaller groups that were allowed to have a use the following writing exercise to help you discussion,the averages from these groups do this. were more accurate than those from an equal In a journal or on a piece of paper,put the number of independent individuals.For in- heading“Personal strengths.”37 Are you stance,the average obtained from the esti- caring？Creative?Generous？A good listener? mates of four discussion groups of five was sig- Fun to be around?They don't have to be nificantly more accurate than the average ob- world-changing,just aspects of your personali- tained from 20 independent individuals. ty that you're proud of. In a follow-up study with 100 university At the top of a second page,put the head- students,the researchers tried to get a better ing "Acts of kindness.On this one,list all sense of what the group members actually did the positive things you've done for others.It in their discussion.Did they tend to go with might be the time when you helped a friend those most confident about their estimates?with their homework,when you did the iron- Did they follow those least willing to change ing without being asked,or when you baked their minds?This happened some of the time,cookies after the family hadhad a tiring but it wasn't the dominant response.Most fre-day.38 quently,the groups reported that they "shared You could ask a friend or family member arguments and reasoned together."Somehow,to help add to your list.39 That way,you these arguments and reasoning resulted in a could exchange thoughts on what makes each global reduction in error. of you special and the aspects of your personal- 2023·新课标I卷第4页（共8页） ity that shine through.In fact,don't wait until Although the two young women were you've made a mistake to try this-it's a great strangers before the 54 they've since be- way to boost self-confidence at any time. come friends.Neither won the race,but the It's something of a cliche(陈词滥调)that 55 of human kindness won the day. most people learn not from their successes but 41.A.designed B.followed their mistakes.The thing is,it's true.40 C.changed D.finished We're all changing and learning all the time 42.A.delay B.chance and mistakes are a positive way to develop and C.trouble D.excuse grow. A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. 43.A.judge B.volunteer B.Now list all the characteristics you like about C.classmate D.competitor yourself. 44.A.race B.school C.They might even like to have a go at doing the C.town D.training exercise. 45.A.agreed B.returned D.It's just as important to show yourself some for- C.stopped D.promised giveness. 46.A.courage B.aid E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's hap- C.patience D.advice pened or forget it. 47.A.went away B.stood up F.Whatever it is,no matter how small it might C.stepped aside D.bent down seem,write it down. 48.A.medical B.public G.Whatever the mistake,remember it isn't a fixed C.constant D.equal aspect of your personality. 49.A.interrupted B.assessed 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） C.identified D.appreciated 第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分） 50.A.hunger B.pain 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D C.cold 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 D.tiredness 51.A.worried B.ashamed On Oct.11,hundreds of runners compe- ted in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Mela- C.confused D.discouraged nie Bailey should have 41 the course earli- 52.A.game B.problem er than she did.Her 42 came because she C.lesson D.deal was carrying a 43 across the finish line. 53.A.leave B.cure As reported by a local newspaper,Bailey C.bother D.understand was more than two-thirds of the way through 54.A.ride B.test her 44 when a runner in front of her began C.meet D.show crying in pain.She 45 to help her fellow 55.A.secret B.display runner,Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her arm C.benefit D.exchange to see if she could walk forward with 46. 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）》 She couldn't.Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的 climb onto her back and carried her all the way 单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 to the finish line,then another 300 feet to Xiao long bao(soup dumplings),those a- where Lenoue could get 48 attention. mazing constructions of delicate dumpling Once there,Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital,where she learned that she wrappers,encasing hot,56. had serious injuries in one of her knees.She (taste)soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far would have struggled with extreme 50 to and away my favorite Chinese street food.The make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously help. hot.To eat one,you have to decide whether As for Bailey,she is more 51 about 57. (bite)a small hole in it why her act is considered a big 52."She first,releasing the stream and risking a spill was just crying.I couldn't 53 her,"Bailey (溢出)，58. to put the whole told the reporter."I feel like I was just doing dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup the right thing.” explode on your tongue. 2023·新课标L卷 第5页（共8页） Shanghai may be the 59. So,why did he suddenly force me to do (recognize)home of the soup dumplings but something at which I was sure to fail?His re- food historians will actually point you to the ply:"Because I love your stories.If you're neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao willing to apply yourself,I think you have a long hao's birthplace.There you will find them good shot at this.Encouraged by his words.I prepared differently-more dumpling and less agreed to give it a try. soup,and the wrappers are pressed 60. I chose Paul Revere's horse as my subject. hand rather than rolled. Paul Revere was a silversmith(银匠)in Bos Nanxiang aside,the best Xiao long bao ton who rode a horse at night on April 18, have a fine skin,allowing them 61. 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British (lift)out of the steamer basket without allo- soldiers were coming.My story would come wing them tearing or spilling any of 62. straight from the horse's mouth.Not a brilliant they)contents.The meat should be idea,but funny;and unlikely to be anyone fresh with 63. touch of sweet- else's choice. ness and the soup hot,clear and delicious. What did the horse think,as he sped No matter where I buy them,one steamer through the night?Did he get tired?Have is64. (rare)enough,yet two seems doubts?Did he want to quit?I sympathized im- greedy,so I am always left 65. mediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to (want)more next time. quit.But,like Revere's horse,I kept going.I 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）》 worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my 第一节（满分15分） older sister to correct my grammar.I checked 假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随 out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the 机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为 library.I even read a few of them. 这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件， When I handed in the essay to my teacher, 内容包括： he read it,laughed out loud,and said, 1.说明问题； “Great.Now,write it again.”I wrote it again, 2.提出建议 and again and again.When I finally finished it, 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右： the thought of winning had given way to the 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文 enjoyment of writing.If I didn't win,I 连贯。 wouldn't care. Dear Ryan, 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右： I'm Li Hua from Class 3. 2.开头已给出。 Paragraph 1: A few weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest,there came the news. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开 头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Paragraph 2: When I was in middle school,my social I went to my teacher's of fice a fter the a- studies teacher asked me to enter a writing ward presentation. contest.I said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil,so English was only my second language.Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did. 2023·新课标I卷 第8页（共8页）Eva decided to use the same trick to deal with the school M:Er...wait.Let me see.He has sent two messages saying that building.Confident and adventurous,she focused on(集中注意 he's done with his work at the office (8)and got a taxi 力于…)learning the routes to her classes and the cafeteria in- and...and he'll arrive in twenty minutes. stead of(代替)trying to memorize the entire layout(布局)of the W:We can't keep him waiting outside our home.We have to building at once,She also made a point of(特意做…）explo- hurry. ring the building during her free time.so that she could gradual- M:But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by ly become familiar with the different hallways and rooms.With bus.look at the traffic. this new strategy,Eva found that the school building was no W:Let's get off.(7)We can save at least twenty minutes by walk- longer a source of stress for her.In fact,she even began to enjoy ing through the park. exploring the different pans of the building and discovering new M:Are you sure? places. W:Yes.A hundred percent. Text 8 2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 W:Morning.(13)Mark. (新课标I卷) M:Morning.Clara.How was your weekend? W:Great.(10)I went to my grandpa's.He invited us to pick veg- Text 1 etables on his farm.My daughter had a great time there. W:Jack,are you going camping with your friends this weekend? What about you? M:It depends.If it's sunny,well go. M:Oh,I had a truly incredible experience.I dropped by a yard W:The weatherman says it's going to rain. sale on Saturday and got several books. M:In that case.we'll go to the cinema instead. W:Novels? Text 2 M:A novel and two poetry collections.As I leafed through the W:Excuse me,could you mind my bags for a moment?I want to novel.a piece of paper fell out.(11)It was an air ticket from buy some food at the convenience store. 2012.The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the M:No problem.But be quick.It was announced that my train name on the ticket was Ashley Louis. will arrive in 10 minutes. W:Was it? Text 3 M:Yes.(13)Ashley.my sister.In 2012,she lived in Los Angeles W:Bob came out of hospital last Friday.Have you got a chance and her husband worked in Chicago.Both of them often flew between two cities.(12)I asked the seller where he got the to visit him? book.He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in M:I plan to see him this Saturday. Los Angeles three years ago.Last year,(12)he and his family W:Aren't you going to the conference then? moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia. M:No.It has been rescheduled for next Monday. W:So,all the way cross the country,your sister's old book land- Text 4 ed (12)in your hands.That's really crazy. M:Sorry.Miss.We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill Text 9 Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you. W:Victor,you've been here in Indiana for six weeks now.How W:Oh,I didn't notice that.It's OK.Don't blame the waiter.He's are you feeling☒ been really nice. M:I think I've got used to college life,going to classes,working Text 5 out and hanging out with my friends.Though there's pres- W:Do you think we should get Steve a book for the New Year? sure to meet deadlines,life here is never boring. M:Books are good.But Steve wouldn't take just any book.He W:What's been hard about being an Indiana basketball player? has had this particular one on geography. M:(15)Well,the training is very competitive,weightlifing and Text 6 running every day.It's not like high school.In high school.I M:Hello.Sara. really didn't have to do that.(15)I'm just trying to get used to W:Hello,David.I can't come for dinner tonight.Sorry. it.And I think I am. M:Oh,what happened? W:At this point,how do you see yourself fitting into this group? W:We've got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the M:I think we're all different.(16)George is from Britain.Chris office. and Leo are from Australia.I'm from France.And the rest are M:Well,then I'll come to you. Americans.But I get along with everybody.You know,we are W:No,no.not tonight.(6)Let me see if I can arrange another really starting to bond.It's great to see(17)how we grow each night. day as a team. W:(14)Thanks,Victor.I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay M:Sara,please.We need to talk.It's about my job. in Indiana. W:Then tell me on the phone. Text 10 M:No,it's better if (7)we do it in person.(6)How about tomor- W:Good evening,dear listeners.When was the last time you en- row night? joyed leisure activities?Do you want to live a full and happy W:I'm not sure.You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon. life?Today,I'm going to introduce you to a magazine that M:OK. features the art of living.(18)The Idler was launched by Tom Text 7 Hokinson.back in 1993.With the intention of providing a bit W:Jim will call on us this afternoon.Do you know where he of fun.freedom and achievement in the busy world,it is now is now? published bimonthly.(19)In every issue,you will find an in- 英语答案一14 teresting mix of interviews and essays on the good life,history. questions.”可知，在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，John philosophy,arts and fashion photography.You will find much 回到了观察大自然和提问题（的道路）上。由此可推知，John to laugh at and much useful stuff as well,from recipes for 善于观察、思考和提出问题，他有好奇心。故选C。 making bacon to guides to housekeeping.If you ever felt that25.D细节理解题【解析】根据题千中的关键词“sludge'"和 there is more to life than boring jobs,(20)then why not sub- “tanks”可将信息定位到第三、四段。根据第三段最后一句 seribe to it?The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel "Afer a few weeks,John added the sludge.”可知，几个星期 better about life.You can download the application and sub- 后，John(在水箱里)加入了污泥。根据第四段“He was a- seribe today to get your first issue free. mazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-ma- 第一部分听力 chine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within 1.C2.A3.B4.B5.C6.C7.B8.A9.B10.C weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure 11.A12.C13.A14,B15.A16.C17.C18.A wter,”可知，他对结果感到很惊讶。生态机器里的植物和 19.B20.A 动物把污泥当成了食物，并开始食用污泥！几周内这些污泥 第二部分阅读 就被完全消化掉了，只剩下了纯净水。由此可推知，Jon把 第一节 污泥放进水箱是为了测试生态机器。故选D。 A 26.B推理判断题【解析】根据第五段“()ver the years,John 体裁：应用文主题语境：人与社会一体育活动—MacBike has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like 提供的自行车租赁服务和导览旅行 facility that treated sewage (from 1.600 homes in 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹最大的自行车租赁 South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean 公司MacBike提供的自行车租赁服务和导览旅行的相关信息。 canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.”可知，多年 2l,B细节理解题【定位句】We offer the newest bicycles in a 来，John承担了很多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室 wide variety,including basic bikes with foot brake(制车)， 的设施，为南伯灵顿的1600个家庭处理污水。他还设计了 bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡)，bikes with child 一个生态机器来净化中国东南部的一个城市一福州的运 seats,and children's bikes..(第二段最后一句) 河水。由此可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示John的想 译文：我们提供种类繁多的最新款自行车，包括带脚刹的基 法的应用。故选B。 础款自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行华27.A推理判断题【解析】通读全文尤其是最后一段最后两 和儿童自行车。 "You put organisms in new relationships and observe 【解析】根据定位句可知，MacBike的优，点之一是它提供多种 what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop 类型的自行车，故选B。 their own ways to self-repair,"可知，你把生物放进新的（环 22.C数字计算题【解析】根据Prices部分的表格内容可知， 境)关系中，观察发生了什么。然后你让这些新系统开发自 租一辆带手制和三个档位的自行华一天需要14.75欧元，每 己的方法来进行自我修复。由此可推知，John的工作依据 多租一天需要颜外支付8欧元。所以租一柄带手刹和三个 是大自然可以自我修复。故选A。 档位的自行车两天需要付(14,75十8=)22,75欧元。故 选C。 体裁：书评主题语境：人与自我一健康的生活方式一数字 23.D细节理解题【定位句】The tour departs from Dam 极简主义 Square every hour on the hour,starting at 1:00 pm every 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了作者为提倡数字极简主义而写了 day,(最后一段第二句) 一本书，作者详细澜释了书中两个部分的主要内容并倡导人们 译文：旅游团每小时整点从水坝广场出发，每天下午】点 采用数字极简主义的方式生活。 开始。 28,B细节理解题【解析】根据第一较中的“The goal of this 【解析】根据定位句可知，城市导览游从水坝广场出发。故 book is to make the case for digital minimalism”可知，这本书 选D. 旨在提倡数宇极简主义的生活方式。make the case for表 B 示"为…陈述理由”，此处引中为“提侣”："make the case 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自然一自然科学研究成果 for digital minimalism”与B项为同义转述。故选B。 一John Todd的生态设计 29,A词义猜测题【解析】A项意为“打扫，清理”：B项意为 【文章大意】John Todd从小就对自然界的净化过程很感兴 “附加物”：C项意为“登机手续办理处”：D项意为“接管”。 趣，随着年龄的增长，他不断学习和研究，通过建立动植物的生 根据第三段第二句“This process requires you to step away 态系统来净化系统内的有害细菌和化学物质，还将研究成果应 from optional online activities for thirty days..”可知，这个过 用到了大型污水处理项目中。文章主要介绍了John Todd的生 程要求你远离在线可选活动30天。由此可推知，画线词所 态设计， 在部分表示数字清理。因此，declutter应意为“简化或处理 24.C推理判断题【解析】根据第一段第一句“When John 掉”，与A项意思相近。故选A。 Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his30.C细节理解题【解析】根据题千关键词“the final chapter house,observing how nature solved problems.”可知，John of part one'”将解题线索定位至第四段。A项意为“理论模 Tod小时候喜欢探索房子周国的树林，观察大自然是如何 型”：B项意为“统计学方法”：C项意为“实际示例”：D项意 解决问题的：根据第一段最后一句“When he got older,John 为“历史分析”。根据第四段内容可知，在第一部分的最后一 started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up 章中作者将引导你执行自己的数字清理，并参考其在2018 the messes people were making.”可知，John长大后开始琢 年进行的一项实验，该实验中有超过1600人同意进行数字 靡这个过程是否可以被用于清理人们制造的混乱：根据第二 清理。你将听到这些参与者的故事，并学习对他们行之有效 段第一句“After studying agriculture,.medicine,and fisheries 的策略，以及你应该避免的他们遥到过的陷所。由此可知， in college,John went back to observing nature and asking 第一部分的最后一章提供了实例。故选C。 英语答案一15 3l.A推理判断题【解析】根据第五段最后一句“You can 【解析】A项意为“不确定的”：B项意为“轻蔑的”：C项意为 view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to “怀疑的”：D项意为“资成的”。根据定位句可推知，作者对 build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular cir Navajas的研究持贵成的态度。故选D。 cumstances.”可知，你可以把这些实践看作是一种工具箱， :第二节 旨在帮助你建立一种量身而定的极简主义生活方式。由此体栽：说明文主题语境：人与自我一积极的生活态度 可推知，作者在第二部分中提议读者按需使用这些实践工 种可以实现自我宽恕的写作练习 具。故选A。 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了一种可以实现自我宽恕的写作 D 练习。 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会一社会热点问题一对36.D【解析】上文讲人非圣赞孰能无过：下文讲你可以用下面 “群体智慧”效应的研究 这种写作妹习来帮助你微这件事。D项“宽恕自己同样非常 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了Francis Galton和Joaquin Nava- 重要”承上启下，符合语境。故选D, js对“群体智慧”效应的研究。 37.B【解析】下文讲你体贴吗？有创造力吗？德概吗？是 32.B段落大意题【解析】通读第二段内容可知，第二段主要 一个好的领听者吗？是别人的开心果吗？B项“现在列出所 介绍了这种效应利用了这样一个事实：当人们犯错时，这些 有你喜欢的自己的特点”引出下文，符合语境。故选B。 错误并不总是相同的。有些人会高估，有些人会低估。当足 38.F【解析】上文讲在这一清单上，列出你为他人做过的所有 够多的这些错误被一起平均时，它们就会相互抵消，从而产 有助益的事情。它可能是你帮助朋友做家庭作业的时候，是 生一个更准确的估计。如果人们相似，并且领向于犯同样的 你来祓要求却主动帮忙熨衣服的时候，或者是你在家人经历 错误，那么他们的错误就不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来 了號惫不琳的一天后，为其烤饼千的时候。F项“无论是什 说，群体智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。不论出于何种原 么事情，无论它看起来或许有多么徵不足道，都写下来”与上 因，如采人们的错误变得相关或受他人影响，估计的准确性 文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选F。 就会下降。由此可推知，第二段主要介绍了“群体智慧”效应 39.C【解析】上文讲你可以请朋友或家人帮忙补充你的清单 的根本逻辑。故选B。 C项“他们甚至可能想要尝试做一下这个练习”与上文衔接 33.D推理判断题【定位句】The key finding of the study was 紧密，符合语境。故选C that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups 40,G【解析】下文讲我们一直都在不断地变化和学习，犯错是 that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from 发展和成长的一种积极方式。G项“无论辑误是什么，记住 these groups were more accurate than those from an equal 它不是你性格中一成不变的一面”引出下文，将合语境。故 number of independent individuals..(第三段第二句) 选G。 译文：该研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进 第三部分语言运用 行讨论的更小的群体时，这些群体的平均结果比同等数量的 第一节 独立个体的平均结果更准确。 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我一优秀品行一Bailey在 【解析】根据第二段最后一句“If,for whatever reasons, 越野赛中不顾自己的比赛帮助受伤的I,enoue people's errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy 【文章大意】文章主要讲述了Bailey参加越野赛时发现比赛选 of the estimate will go down.”可知，Galton的研究认为如果 人们的错误变得相关或受他人影响，估计的准确性就会下 手Lenoue受伤后，不顾自已的比赛进程把I,enoue背到援助检 降。根据第三段第一句“But a new study led by Joaquin Na- 查站点的故。 vajas offered an interesting twist (on this classic phe- 4i.D考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“earlier than she nomenon..”可知，Navajas的研究对这一现象进行了扭转，即 did”及语境可知，此处表示Bailey本应该更早地完成越野 否定了“如采人们的错误变得相关或受他人影响，估计的准 赛。should have done是虚拟语气结构，表示“本应该做某事 确性会下降”的说法。结合定位句可知，在允许讨论，即错误 (却没做)”。D项意为“完成”，符合语境。故选D。 变得相关或受他人影响的情况下，小组估计的平均结果更准 42,A考查名词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“because she was 确，即Navajas的研究发现即使在估计不完全独立的情况 carrying a across the finish line”及语境可知，此处 下，平均准确率仍然能提高。故选D。 表示Bailey的比赛被就搁了。A项意为“耽搁”，符合语境。 34.C细节理解题【定位句】In a follow-up study with100u 故选A niversity students,the researchers tried to get a better sense 13.D考查名词辨析【解析】根据下文“She to help of what the group members actually did in their discussion. her fellow runner,Danielle Lenoue..”及语境可知，Bailey正 (第四段第一句) 背着一名受伤的参赛者L,enoueo起过终点线。D项意为“参 译文：在一项100名大学生（参与）的后续研究中，研究人员 赛者”，符合语境。故选D。 试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。 44,A考查名词辨析【解析】根据语境可知，Bailey已经完成 【解析】根据第四段尤共是定位句可知，后续研究的关注重点 超过三分之二的竞赛路程。A项意为“竞赛”，符合语境。A 是讨论的过程。故选C。 项与上文中的“a cross-country race”为原词复现。故速A。 35.D观点态度题【定位句】Although the studies led by Na- 45.C考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“let Lenoue climb vajas have limitations and many questions remain,the poten- onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line" tial implications for group discussion and decision-making are 语境可知，此处表示Bailey停下来帮助Danielle 1,enoue。C enormous.(第五段) 项意为“停下”，符合语境。故选C, 译文：尽管Navs领导的这些研究具有局限性，而且还存 46.B考查名词辨析【解析】根据语境可知，此处表示Bailey 在许多问题，但它们对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨 扶着【.enoue的路膊想看看I.enoue在（她的）帮助下是否可 大的。 以向前走。B项意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选B。 英语答案一16 47.D考查动词短语辨析【解析】根据下文中的“to let Le- 人做某事”：分析句子结构可知，逻辑主语“them”指代“Xiad noue climb onto her back”可推知，此处表示然后Bailey俯身 long bao”,与动词ift之间构成动宾关系，应用动词不定式 让Lenoue爬上地的背。D项意为“，身”，符合语境。故 的被动式to be lifted作宾语补足语。故填to be lifted. 选D. 62.their考查代词【解析】此处应用形容词性物主代词their 48.A考查形容词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“later taken to a 作定语修饰名词“contents”。故填heir。 hospital'”可知，此处表示Bailey背着Lenoue越过终点线， 63,a考查冠词【解析】固定搭配a touc小hof意为“一点，少 又背着她走了300英尺去了可以让1，enoue得到医疗救治的 许”。故填a。 地方，A项意为“医疗的，伤病的”，符合语境。故迭A。 64.rarely考查词性转换【解析】此处应用制词rarely修饰形 49.B考查动词辨析【解析】根据语境可知，L.enoue在接受了 客词“enough”,“rarely enough”表示“几乎不够”。故填rare 伤情评估后被送往了医院。B项意为“评估”，符合语境。故 ly. 选B。 65.wanting考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知，本 50.B考查名词辨析【解析】根据上文中的“crying in pain”和 句已有谓语“am left'”,此处应用非谓语动词：逻辑主语“I”与 “she had serious injuries in one of her knees”及语境可知，此 动词wat之间构成主谓关系，此处应用现在分词形式作伴 处表示Lenoue在极度的骗苦中挣扎着。B项意为“痛苦”， 随状语。故填wanting 符合语境。pain属于原词复现。故选B. 第四部分写作 5l.C考查形容词辨析【解析】根据下文“Bailey told the re- 第一节 porter.I feel like I was just doing the right thing.'"及语境 【写作指导1】 可知，Bailey认为自己只是做了应该微的事情。因此，她对 审题：人称：第一人称为主，第二、三人称为辅 自已的行为被认为是一件非常重要的事而感到国喜。C项 时态：一般现在时为主，一般将来时为辅 意为“因惑的”，符合语境。故选C One possible version 52.D考查名词辨析【解析】根据语境可知，此处表示Bailey Dear Ryan, 对地的行为被认为是一件非常重要的事而感到围惑。abg (自我介绍，引出话题)ImL,i Hua from Class3.Regarding deal意为“非常重要的事”，符合语境。故选D。 the grouping method for the spoken English training class,I'm 53.A考查动词辨析【解析】根据语境可知，此处表示Bailey writing to express my opinions and suggestions. 认为自己不能扔下【enoue不管。A项意为“丢弃”，符合语 (说明问题及原因)To be frank,I'm more than delighted to 境。故选A。 know that you're going to offer us the training class.However, the grouping method needs improving.While it is true that ran- 54.C考查名词辨析【解析】根据上文中的"the two young woman were strangers'”和下文中的“they've since become dom grouping may encourage more communication(t步状语从句 和主语从句)，it can also result in students with vastly different friends”及语境可知，此处表示Bailey和【，enoue在比赛之前 speaking abilities being paired together which may lead to imbal- 虽然素不相识，但这次事件之后，两人成为了朋友。C项意 anced language abilities within the groups(定语从句)，Besides, 为“体有比赛，运动会”，特合语境。故选C, students may feel uncomfortable if they are paired with someone 55.B考查名词辨析【解析】根据语境可知，Bailey和Lenoue they don't get along well with(条件状语从句). 虽然都没有赢得比赛，但这件事体现出的人性的善良取得了 (提出建议)Therefore,I suggest that a more thoughtful 胜利。B项意为”表现”，符合语境。故选B。 第二节 grouping method be adopted.Students should have the right to choose their partners considering their language abilities. 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会一美食文化—小笼包 (表达希望及感谢)Hope my suggestions will be considered. 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了作者最喜欢的中国街头小吃一 Thank you! 小笼包 Yours sincerely. 56.tasty考查词性转换【解析】分析句子结构可知，and连接 Li Hua 并列的形容词作定语，修饰名词“soup”。故填tasty。 佳句变式：It is true that random grouping can encourage more 57.to bite考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处 communication,but also it can result in a situation where 应用“疑问词whether十动词不定式”结构作动词“decide”的 students who has vastly different speaking abilities are paired to- 宾语。故填to bite。 gether,and this may lead to imbalanced language abilities within 58.0r考查连词【解析】此处表示要吃小笼包，你必须决定是 the groups. 先咬出一个小洞，让热气散发出来，并冒着汤汁溢出的风险， 【写作指导2】 还是把整个小笼包放进你的嘴里，让热腾腾的汤汁在你的舌 审题：人称：第三人称为主，第一人称为辅 尖上喷涌而出。固定搭配whether..or..意为“是…还 时态：一般现在时为主，一般将来时为辅 是…”。故填0r, One possible version 59.recognized考查非谓语动词【解析】此处表示上海可能是 Dear Ryan, 公认的小笼包发源地。分析句子结构可知，被修饰词 (写邮件目的)I'm Li Hua from Class3.Learning that the “home”意为“发源地”，与动词recognize之间为动宾关系，此 students will be randomly divided into groups of two in the oral 处应用过去分词作定语。故填recognized. training course(现在分词短语作状语)，I'd like to raise some 60,by考查介词【解析】此处表示较子皮是用手压的。圆定concerns and suggestions, 搭配by hand意为“用手”。故填by. (说明问题)Firstly,random grouping may enable students 61.to be lifted考查非谓语动词【解析】此处表示最正宗的小： with different levels of oral English to be paired together.They 笼包的外皮很薄，人们将它们从蒸笼中拿出来时不会，破或probably don't understand each other,.Additionally,this level 洒出任何给料，固定搭配allow sb.to do sth,意为“允许某gap will greatly affect students'mood. 英语答案一17 (提出建议)To avoid the above problems,it is the best way 【写作指导2】 to group students according to students'English grades or ver ◆文章主线 bal performance,which will ensure students with varying oral lev- 已知线索： els have opportunities to practice and improve their language 作者的老师让作者参加写作比赛，但作者拒绝了一作者 sks(非限制性定语从句). 来自巴西，英语是作者的第二语言写作对于作者来说是困 Yours sincerely. 难且指苦的—在老师的鼓励下，作者决定尝试写作一在写 Li Hua 作过程中作者很纠结，想要放弃一经过思想斗争后，作者决定 佳句变式：①As I heard the news that the students will be ran- 继续写作一作者最终完成了写作一老师读过文章后让作 domly divided into groups of two in the oral training course... 者再写一遍一当最终完成作品时，作者获胜的想法已经被写 2...and this will ensure students with varying oral levels have 作的乐趣替代了… opportunities to practice and improve their language skills. 可续写线索： 第二节 第一段：几个星期后，在“我”几乎忘记这个比赛的时候，传 来了消息。比赛结果如何？得知比赛结果后，作者有什么内心 【写作指导1】 活动？ ◆文章主线 第二段：颁奖后“我”去了老师的办公室。找到老师后作者 已知线索： 做了什么？老师对作者说了什么？作者有何感悟？ 老师要求“我”参加写作比赛，被“我”果断拒绝一对“我” ◆续写词汇 来说写作是一·件非常困难和痛苦的事一在老师的鼓励下 续写可能用到的词汇： “我”决定尝试写作一“我”选择了Paul Revere的马为写作话 win,the first prize,award.overjoyed,honor.outstanding,a- 题一写作期间想放弃，但被Revere的马的坚持所感染，继续 ware,personally,owing to,guidance,achieve,hug,tightly,tear, 写作一—经过再三修改，“我”最终向老师提交了文章一老师 comfort,encouraging,continuously,gratitude,expectation... 读完“我”的文章后，赞扬了“我”一当“我"最终完成文章时，One possible version “我”获胜的想法已经被写作的乐趣替代了 Paragraph 1: 可续写的线索： A few weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest,there 第一段：几个星期后，在“我”几乎忘记这个比赛的时候，传came the ne,I was told that I won the first prize,When I was 来了消息。“我”得到了什么消息？“我”赢得写作比赛了吗？ awarded,I felt overjoyed.I never thought I would gain such “我”的心情如何？颁奖现场的情况如何？“我”为什么会去老师 great honor because I knew I was not so outstanding in writing. 的办公室？ In the depths of my heart I was aware that this prize was much 第二段：颁完奖后“我”去了老师的办公室。“我”看见老师more than an honor to me personally,it was owing to the guidance 在做什么？“我”对老师说了什么，做了什么？老师对“我”说了 of my social studies teacher that I achieved such a good result.I 什么，做了什么？这件事对“我”有何启发？ can't wait to see my teacher,(心理描写) ◆续写词汇 Paragraph 2: 续写可能用到的词汇： I went to my teacher's office a fter the award presenta- the list of winners,attend,nervous.present,pluck up.stride vion.When he opened the door.I hugged him tightly.tears stream- onto,burst out,eager.bury,approach.hug.tears,apply,smile... ing down.He comforted me in a soft voice.gently patting my back (动作描写)，saying,“Trust yourself and you're the best!Now, One possible version Iook！You made it.."(语言描写)I gave a sweet smile hearing his Paragraph 1: encouraging words.I continuously expressed my gratitude and A few weeks later .when I almost forgot the contest there we talked a lot.From that moment on,I made up my mind to came the news.The list of winners was posted on the notice stick to writing and live up to my teacher's expectations. board at school.Seeing my name on it,then I was told to attend the award presentation,and I couldn't help but feel nervous a- 2023年普通高等学校招生金国统一考试 (新课标Ⅱ卷) bout presenting my essay.But when I heard my name being an- nounced.like Revere's horse.I plucked up my courage and strode onto the stage..(动作描写)The audience burst out laughing as 第一部分听力 1.C2.A3.B4.B5.C6.C7.B8.A9.B10.C they enjoyed the story straight from the horse's mouth.With all 1L.A12.C13.A14.B15.A16.C17.C18.A19 the self-doubt vanishing.I was eager to share the trophy with my B20.A teacher..(心理描写) 第二部分阅读 Paragraph 2: 第一节 I went to the teacher's office after the award presenta A tion.Through the half-closed office door,I saw my teacher bur- 体裁：应用文主题语境：人与社会一物质与非物质文化遗产 ied in grading papers.I tiptoed over to him."Congratulations!" —美国黄石国家公园提供的四个项目 No sooner had I approached him than my teacher gave me a big【文章大意】文章主要介绍了美国黄石国家公园提供的四个项 bear hug.I shed tears of joy."If you're willing to apply yourself. 目及其特鱼。 I believe you will always have a good shot,.”my teacher smiled.(语2L.D细节理解题【解析】根搭四个小标题中的“May26to 言描写)He not only pushed me to savor the sweet taste of win- September 2""June 5 to August 21""June 9 to September 2" ning.but also made me believe that anything is possible if 和“June19&.July10”可知，体验黄石国家公四野生动物项 you try. 目开始的时间最早。故选D, 英语答案-18