英语·2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)(无听力)（含答题卡）

第二节 3.C考查动词辨析【解析】根据上文中的“I was paying the 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自然一人与动物—作者在 price-to write a five-page essay on'Why I Should Not Talk 动物园教英语的原因 in Class'”及语境可知，当“我”终于坐下来写（五页纸的文章） 【文章大意】文章主要讲述了作者在动物园教英语的原因及 时，“我”从Blak老师想耍听到的原因开始写起。故选C。 感受。 4.A考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“Without the edu- 56.arrival考查词性转换【解析】根据空前的“the”和空后的 cation I was throwing away”及语境可知，上课讲话妨碍“我” “of”可知，此处应用名词。故填arrival。. 和周国的同学学习。故选A。 57.confident考查词性转换【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格 5.B考查动词短语辨析【解析】根据上文“Aha!What if 处在句中作表语，且根据空前的“feel more comfortable and” talking were the first step towards life as a criminal?”及语境 可知，此处应用形客词与“comfortable”并列。故填confi- 可知，“我”文思泉涌。此处表示纸张开始快速翻页。故选B。 dent 6.C考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文“·Five pages!That's 58.with/o考查介词【解析】speak English with/tosb.为固 impossible!'”及语境可知，妈妈下班回家时，“我”仍在抱怨。 定搭配，意为“与/对某人说英语”。故填with/to。 故选C。 59.the考查冠词【解析】此处特指用于医学训练指导的语 7.A考查名词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“I hope you've 言，应用定冠词the。故填the。 learned your lesson”及语境可知，“我”本以为会听到一顿训斥 60.visiting考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知，逻 一至少是一句“我希望你已经汲取了教训”。ecture意为 “训斥”，持合语境。故选A。 辑主语“Chinese zookeepers”"与动词visit之间是主谓关系， 此处应用现在分词作定语，意为“来访的”。故填visiting。 8.D考查副词辩析【解析】根据上文中的“at least an·I hope you've learned your lesson'”和下文中的“mum laughed 6l.interviews考查名词的单复数【解析】linterview为可数名 and laughed'”可知，此处表示相反，妈妈一边读一边笑。故 词：此处泛指做访谟，且其前无不定冠词修饰，应用可数名词 选D。 interview的复数形式。故填interviews。 9.C考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的"they weren'tmak 62.why考查表语从句【解析】此处表示这就是他们需要一 ing fun of me:they laughed because I had the power to tell a 个英语教师的原因。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句， funny story'”可知，此处表示“我"能判断出他们不是在取笑 连接词在从句中作状语，表示“为什么”，应用wy引导该从 “我”。tl意为“知道，看出，确切地判断”，符合语境。故 句。故填why。 选C。 63.Basically考查词性转换【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处10.B考查名词辨析【解析】根据上文“】was always timid(羞 应用副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填Basically。注意首宇 怯的).”和下文中的“but I did learn I wasn't shy in print'”及 母大写。 语境可知，“我”的自信仍需要被激发，但“我”确实了解到自 64.nd考查连词【解析】此处表示看到熊猫节目的发展以及 己在写作方面并不害羞。confidence与shy形成了鲜明的 看到能猫们在适应它们的新家是一种荣幸。此处应用d 对比关系。故选B。 连接两个并列成分。故填and。 第二节 65.wished考查动词的时态【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格 A 处为主句谓语：根据空格前的“As a little girl”和从句中的体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会一良好的人际关系与社会 “gr®wup”可知，此处讲迷的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过交往一不同国家和地区的不成文的规定 去时。故填wished。 【文章大意】文章以作者出席不同国家的聚会为例，表明每 第四部分写作 个国家或地区都有独属于自已的不成文的规定。 第一节（同新课标I卷） ll.threw考查动词的时态【解析】根据“and was greatly sur- 第二节（同新课标1卷） prised”可知，此处讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时 听力录音材料（同新课标I卷） 故填threw。 2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 12,exactly考查词性转换【解析】此处表示让“我”深感惊讶 的是，30个客人全部非常准时地出席了乔迁派对。分析句 (北京卷》 子结构可知，此处应用副词exactly修饰介词短语“on time”。 故填exactly. 第一部分知识运用 l3.had arrived考查动词的时态【解析】此处表示当“我”按 第一节 约定时间赴宴时，却发现其他客人都没到。arrive这个动作 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我一学校生活一“我”因被 发生在“过去的过去”，即“我”赴宴之前，此处应用过去完成 老师罚写五页纸的检讨而认识到自己写作方面的能力 时，故填had arrived。 【文章大意】文章主要讲述了“我”很害羞，却因在课堂上与同 学讲话面被老师罚写五页纸的检讨说明自己为什么不应该在 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自然一自然环境、人与植物 课堂上讲话，妈妈和同学们看完“我”写的检讨后都被逗笑了，这 一红树林 使“我”认识到自己在写作上并不羞法的故事。 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了“海岸卫士”—红树林。 L,B考查形容词辨析【解析】根据上文中的“I was always14.seen考查省略【解析】分析句子结构可知，When引子时 timid(羞怯的)，Being new to the school made me even”可知， 间状语从句，国主，从句主语相同，均为“the mangrove for “我”总是很害煮，成为学校新生让“我”更加害羞。故选B。 ests”,且从句的谓语部分含有be动词的某种形式，所以此 2.D考查动词辨析【解析】根据下文中的“·Why1 Should 处省略了从句中的主语和be动词，构成了省略句：从句主语 Not Talk in Class'”及语境可知，成为学校新生让“我”更加害 与动词see之间构成被动关系，此处应用see的过去分词形 羞，因此“我”和周国的人聊天（这件事）是令人吃惊的。故 式。从句补充完整为：When the mangrove forests are seen 选D from afar。故填seen。 英语答案-21 15.cities考查名词的单复数【解析】此处表示红树林既可以24，A细节理解题【解析】根据第一段第二句“My heart raced 减缓海浪冲击还可以保护城市免受海风影响。cy为可数 when I saw the email sender's name.”可知，当“我"看到邮 名词，其前无不定冠词修饰，此处应用其复数形式。故填ct 件发送人的名字时，“我”心跳加速。由此可知，作者看到邮 件发送人名字时感到紧张不安。故选A。 16.has established考查动词的时态和主谓一致【解析】此处25.D细节理解题【解析】根据第二段最后一句“What she 表示到目前为止，中国已经建立了大量的红树林保护区。根 proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project had 据时间状语“Up to now”可知，此处应用现在完成时：且主语 applied to.but I was going to give it my all."可知，Devon教 为“China”,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填has established, 授所提议的项目似乎不像“我”原先中请的那个项目那样令 C 人兴奋，但“我”仍打算全力以赴，D项中的“put one's heart 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与社会一公益事业与志愿服务 and soul'”与文中的“give it one'sall”为同义转述。故选D。 一通过参加马拉松比赛来引起大家关注水资源短缺 26,B推理判断题【解析】根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句 【文章大意】文章讲述了Nia通过参加马拉松比寒来呼吁大家 “In the end,I had a new scientific interest to pursue,"可知， 关注全球水资源问题。 最后，“我”有了新的想要追逐的科学兴趣。由此可推知，与 17.to考查介词【解析】固定搭配call attention to意为“引 机器人技术学教授共同研究的项目是鼓舞人心的。故选B。 起注意”。故填t0。 27.C推理判断题【解析】通读全文内容可知，“我”起初中请 18.where考查定语从句【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处 项目遭拒，原本以为“我”的科研生涯会就此结来，但后来该 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Chicago”,表地点，关系 项目负责人Mary Devon教授递请“我”参与地实验宝里的 词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导该从句。故填 另一个研究项目，这次“我”抓住机会，决定全力以赴，最后 where. “我”有了新的想要追逐的科学兴趣，并且明白了与其制定一 19.to address考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知， 成不变的计划，不如随机应变，充分利用每一次机会。C项 此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to address。 “拒绝可能是重新定向（暗喻柳暗花明又一村）”体现了本文 20,acing考查非谓语动词【解析】分析句子结构可知，逻辑 主旨。故选C。 主语"people around the world"与动词face之间构成主谓关 C 系，此处应用现在分词作后置定语。故填facing. 体裁：议论文主题语境：人与自我一正确的人生态度一短 第二部分， 阅读理解 期行为 第一节 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了当前工业社会的一个显著何题： A 短期行为，即过分注重短期结果，而忽视长期利益，同时启示人 体裁：应用文主题语境：人与社会一一大型体育赛事、体有情 们：深思远虑很重要。 神—国际奥委会青年领袖计划 28.D推理判断题【定位句】①The historian Francis Cole ar 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了国际與委会青年领抽计划的目 的、内容以及对申请者的要求。 gues that the West has entered a period where"only the pres- 2l.B细节理解题【解析】根据4 Week Learning Sprint廊分 ent exists,a present characterised at once by the cruelty of 第一段第一句中的“is a virtual learning programme”可知，在 the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.(第一 段最后一句) 为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将会参加一个虚拟学习项 目。故选B。 译文：历史学家Franeis Cole称，西方已经进入了一个“只有 22.C细节理解题【解析】根据4-Week I,earning Sprint部分 现在存在（现在论）的时代，这个现在既具有瞬间的残酷叉具 第三段“After successfully completing the4-Week I.earning 有永恒的无聊”。 Sprint,you will need to submit a plan for a sport-based pro- ②It has been proved that people have a bias(偏向）towards jeet,which you will work on if seleeted as an IOC Young the present,focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the Leader..”可知，在成功完成为期四周的学习冲树后，你需要 expense of the health,well-being and financial stability of 提交一份以体育为基础的项目方案，如果被选为国际奥委会 their future selves or community,.(第二段第一句) 青年顿袖，你将需要参与该项目。故选C。 译文：事实证明，人们偏向于当下，专注于当下各受%目的具 23.B细节理解题【定位句】You have at least one year of 有吸引力的事物，（而）牺牲了未来自己或社会的健康、幸福 work experience,.(Requirements for the Applicants部分第三 和金融德定： 点） 【解析】根据定位句可推知，作者引用Francis Cole的话主要 译文：你有至少一年的工作经险。 是为了强调人们只关注眼前的利益，而忽视长远发展这一社 【解析】根据定位句可知，申请者要有至少一年的工作经 会问题。故选D。 玲。故选B。 29.C推理判断题【定位句】Indeed.when it comes to envi- B ronmental transformations,we can develop a form of collec- 体裁：记叙文主题语境：人与自我一积极的生活态度 tive"poor memory",and each new generation can believe the 充分利用每一次机会 state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了起初“我”申请本科生研究项目遭 Older people today,for example,can remember a time with 拒，原本以为“我”的科研生涯会就此结束，但后来Mary Devon insect-covered car windscreens after long drives.Children.on 教投一该项目的负责人邀请“我”参与地实验室里的另一个 the other hand,have no idea that insect population has 研究项目，这次“我”抓住机会，决定全力以赴，最终“我”有了想 dropped dramatically.(第四段最后三句) 要追逐的新的科学兴趣，这让“我”明白了与其制定一成不变的 译文：的确，就环境变化而言，我们可能出现集体“健忘”的状 计划，不如随机应变，充分利用每一次机会。 态，每一代人可能都认为他们遇到的事情并没有什么不同寻 英语答案一22 常之处。比如，今天的老年人还记得长途驾驶后汽车挡风玻 有进化行为，也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，人工 璃上爬满了昆虫的情景。另一方面，孩子们却不知道昆虫的 生命的崛起将被证明是不可避免的。由此可知，本文主要 数量已经急剧下降 介绍了“人工生命”的含义，局限性、可能的回报及未来前景。 【解析】根据最后一段尤其是定位句可推知，人类的大脑不善 因此，D项“生命在进化，创造人工生命的尝试也能进化吗？” 于留意缓慢的变化。故选C 体现了本文主旨，是本文的最佳标题。故选D 30.A推理判断题【定位句】①In recent years,researchers 第二节 from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a 体裁：说明文主题语境：人与社会一社会热点问题一如何 significant problem in industrialised societies.The inability to选择大学 engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to【文章大意】文章主要介绍了大部分美国家长在面对为孩子选 some of the world's most serious problems:climate change, 择哪所大学的问题上都太依赖于已知的大学排名，然而大学排 biodiversity collapse,and more,.(第一段第一，二句) 名并不代表该学校真实的教学水平。这种关注排名而忽视教学 译文：近年来，不同颜战的研究人员（一致）认为，短期行为水平的现象并不容易改变，所以学生和家长在选择大学的时候 现在是工业化社会的一个显著问题。未能处理长期以来：应该注重学校的实际教学质量而不仅仪是排名。 (问题)产生的原因及其后果导致了世界上最严重的一些问35，D【解析】上文讲对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是 题：气候变化、生物多祥性崩溃等等。 一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大 Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too 学。（他们的）家人往往会向大学捧名系统求助从而做出决 much importance,making people ignore longer-term trends 定：下文讲作为一名高等教育学者，当我和这些家庭沟通时， that arguably matter more,(第三段倒数第二句) 他们往往会惊讶于学校卓越的教学质量不计入（学校）排名。 译文：另一个原因是人类过于重视备受瞩目和十万火急的 D项“然而，排名忽略了一个关键性的因素：教学质量”承上 事情，使得他们忽视了可以说更重要的长期趋势。 启下，符合语境。故选D。 【解析】根据全文内容尤其是定位句可推知，作者想告诉我 36.F【解析】上文讲他们往往会惊讶于学校卓越的教学质量 们深思远虑对人类来说很重要。故选A。 不计入（学校）排名。F项“他们甚至会更惊讶于大学是如何 D 轻视教学的”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。 体栽：说明文主题语境：人与社会一社会进步与人类文明 37,G【解析】上文讲排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平 一“人工生命” 均得分高于排名较高的大学；下文讲考虑到高质量教学与学 【文章大意】文章主要介绍了“人工生命”的含义，局限性、可能 生成功之间的联系，排名（系號的衡量因素）中没有（考虑）卓 的回报及未来前景。 越的教学质量很令人惊讶。G项“事实上，大学经常将重心 31.A观点态度题【解析】根据第二段第四句中的“Asking a 从教学质量转向其他影响排名的因素”承上启下，符合语境。 bout'the point'of Alife might be.well,missing the point en- 选G tirely”可知，Alan Smith认为询问ALife的意义可能完全 38.B【解析】上文讲（大学）管理者不会将卓越的教学质量视 错过了重点；结合第五段最后一句中的"just like life itself 为一种提升入学率和（吸引）投资的方式：下文讲研究表明， throughout the universe,the rise of ALife will prove una- 教师花在教学上的时间越多，他们的薪水反而越低。B项 voidable'”可知，就像贯穿整个宇宙的生命本身一样，人工生 命的崛起将被证明是不可避免的。由此可推知，关于Alan “因此，卓越的教学质量在雇佣教师和教师升职时并不会受 Smith对ALife的辩解，作者持支持的态度。故进A. 到高度重视”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 32.C词义猜测题【解析】根据第三段第一句中的“the at 39.E【解析】下文讲然而，在有高质量教学水平的学校获得更 tempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs" 多的资源、更高的排名和更高的入学率之前，这种情况也不 知，创造人工生命的尝试可能会带来实际的回报：结合西线 会发生太大的改变。E项“最近出现了（许多）提高大学教学 词所在句中的“by a concept called open-ended evolution(演 水平的努力”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选E。 化)”可推知，这两个领域的研究人员都迷恋于一种被称为开 第三部分书面表达 放式进化的概念。因此，画线词应意为“使迷恋”，与C项意 第一节 思相近。故选C 40.Habits are built through learning and repetition. 33.B推理判断题【解析】根据第三段第二句“Artificial intel 41.A routine is not necessarily performed in response to a deep- ligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers rooted urge. in both fields are enamoured by a concept called open-ended 42.Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks,while building a evolution(演化)."可知，人工智能可能被认为是人工生命的 healthy habit takes a shorter time. 表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都迷恋于一种被称为开放 It takes many months to build a healthy habit. 式进化的概念。由此可推知，人工智能和人工生命有一个共 43.I have a good habit of reading books.Reading is an effective 同的特点—一开放式进化。故选B。 way to get information about almost everything.It exposes 34.D标题概括题【解析】根据第二段第一句“So far no one me to new ways of understanding the world and handling dif- has convincingly made artificial life.”可知，到目前为止，还 ferent situations.Besides.reading can help me relax and re- 没有人令人信服地制造出人工生命：结合最后一段第三句 lieve stress.(答案言之有理即可) “They may apply universally to all acts of evolution.”和最 第二节 后一句“But even this dismissal suggests something:per-【写作指导】 haps,just like life itself throughout the universe,.the rise of审题：人称：第一，二人称为主 AL.ife will prove unavoidable,”可知，它们可能普通适用于所 时态：现在进行时和一般将来时为主 英语答案-23 One possible version Text 3 Dear Jim. W:It seems as if everybody is talking about Jason's retirement. (介绍写邮件原因)Knowing from your email that you are M:Yes,his office is filled with gifts.I gave him a T-shirt with a planning a community activity themed“Green Beijing'”(寒语从 baseball pattern on it. )I'm writing to offer my advice.Perhaps the following sug- W:That's nice.I'll get him something this afternoon.Hope it's gestions are helpful to you. not late. (介绍活动形式及内容)First of all,I suggest that you Text 4 should organize a walking tour around the whole city to explore W:Did you go to Cooper's last night? the green spaces in Beijing,which will not only allow participants M:No,was there anything special? to experience the beauty of the city's parks and gardens,but also W:Yes,the employees dressed up as movie characters.and every promote eco-friendly transportation(非限制性定语从句). customer received a discount card. What's more,another activity recommended is planting trees to M:That was interesting. contribute to the city's green efforts.Last but not least,you may Text 5 as well encourage citizens to live a low-carbon life,which can W:Oh.the road is jammed with traffic again.We are going to be help raise their environmental awareness?(非限制性定语从 late for work. 句). M:Let's make a U-turn at the next crossroads and try (表示期待)I hope those tips can give you some inspiration another way. for your community activity.Hoping it will win a great success. Text 6 Yours. W:Do you think Janet could make it? Li Hua M:I'm sure she can.Have you tried calling her? 佳句变式： W:Yes.of course.But I can't get through.The flight has already D...that you are planning a community activity whose theme is been called twice.What are we going to do?Board without "Green Beijing”.. her?I should have reminded her at the office yesterday.She 2...allowing participants to experience the beauty of the city's may have totally forgotten it. parks and gardens and promoting eco-friendly transportation. M:Take it easy.Sarah.Let me call her home number.Oh,there ..which can contribute to raise their environmental aware- she is. ness. Text 7 官方参考范文 M:Welcome to our program,Miss Johnson.Congratulations on Dear Jim. winning the Teacher of the Year award. How's everything? W:Thank you,Peter.I'm more than happy to be here. Glad to hear about the upcoming"Green Beijing"event at M:What inspired you to be a teacher.Miss Johnson? your club. W:Well,I've always loved to learn.but I've enjoyed teaching I think it'd be quite nice to have a photograph exhibition. others even more.It's in the family. You can display some pictures about how Beijing has kept the M:Could you tell us what the best part about your job is? city "green".such as the use of solar power and recyclable mate- W:Getting to know all of the different kids and communicating rials.In particular,I recommend"green transport"since electric with them.I have always loved kids.So,I will always enjoy vehicles and shared bikes are really popular here.If you like,I'd that part of my job. be very happy to take some photos and email them to you. M:Then.what do you hope to achieve by being a teacher? If you need any other help,don't hesitate to let me know. W:My goal is to help my students develop awareness of their Best wishes for this great event! strengths,weaknesses,and learning needs,and to enable Yours. them to learn throughout their lives. Li Hua M:That sounds great. 2023年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一一考试 Text 8 (浙江卷) W:Ethan,have you thought about getting your own house? Text 1 M:Yeah.But I'm convinced my parents love having me back. M:Billy needs some beans for his science project at school.May- What about you? be we can stop by a store on our way home. W:Um...Not sure yet.Right now,I enjoy getting my meals W:Let's go to Greens.It's just around the corner. cooked for me every day. M:Okay. M:Do you pay a contribution to the house? Text 2 W:Of course,I do.But it's still much less than I would pay to W:Hi,Stephen.guess who I saw at the city library?Andy live in my own flat.Right? Clarks-the leading actor in The Good Lawyer-the famous M:Obviously. TV series. W:The only thing I don't like is that my mom wants to know M:What was he doing there?His popularity has slipped since every part of my life.Becky,what are you doing tomorrow? the final season of the show. Where?With whom?The same questions every day. 英语答案一24绝密★启用前 2023 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷) 英语 本试卷满分100分,考试时间90分钟。 1.A.freer 第一部分,知识运用(共两节,30分) B. shyer C. calmer 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) D. happier 2. A. nod 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 B. point C. listen A.B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 D. chat I was always timid(羞怯的).Being new to 3. A. weep B. rest a 1,so it was sur- the school made me even C. write D. read prising I'd 2 to anyone around me. Now I 4. A. learning B. playing was paying the price-to write a five-page es- C. planning D. laughing say on"Why I Should Not Talk in Class". That 5. A. standing out B. flying by would take all night! C. breaking up D. checking in After I got home, though,I took my time 6. A. celebrating B. longing petting the cat-postponing the pain. C. complaining D. warning When I finally sat down to 3 ,I began 7. A. lecture = with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear. B. reason C. reward D. solution Talking kept me and my neighbours from 8. A. Therefore B. Moreover 4 . One paragraph down; now what?I C. Meanwhile D. Instead chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking 9. A. hope B. imagine were the first step towards life as a criminal? C. tell D. predict Without the education I was throwing away,I'd 10. A. patience B. confidence turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out. C. tolerance people would say,"She used to talk in class." D. independence The pages began 5 . 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分) 将 But when mum got home from work,I was 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未 still 6 ,"Five pages! That's impossible!" 给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在 “Well, you'd better get back to work,"she 给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形 said,"and I want to read it when you're 式填空。 through.” A 班 Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to Every culture is riddled with unwritten mum. I half expected a 7 -at least an"I rules,such as ones on punctuality(守时).I'm hope you've learned your lesson". 8 ,mum British. Soon after moving to Switzerland,I laughed and laughed as she read. 11 (throw) a house-warming party and The next day, when Ms Black read the es was greatly surprised when all 3o guests say to the class, everyone laughed. I could showed up 12 (exact)on time. Years later. 9 they weren't making fun of me: they having moved to France,I turned up at the ap laughed because I had the power to tell a funny pointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no story. My 1o still needed some nudging(激 other guest 13 (arrive)and my hostess was 发),but I did learn I wasn't shy in print. still in her sleeping suit. 2023·北京卷 第1页(共8页) B The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to an- Mangroves,known as"red forest"in Chi- yone,with the target audience aged between 20 na,grow between land and sea, characterised and 28. by their complex roots. When 14(see) After successfully completing the 4-Week from afar, the mangrove forests appear more Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and for a sport-based project, which you will work (city) from coastal winds. For protect 15 on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. these reasons, they are praised as"coastal Reauirements for the Applicants guardians”. Up to now,China 16 (estab- · You have successfully completed the 4- lish) a number of protected areas with man- Week Learning Sprint. groves. · You have completed your high school C studies. Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. · You have at least one year of work ex- All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call perience. attention 17 global water issues. Nina re- ·You have strong public speaking skills. cently finished her year-long series of runs in · You are self-motivated and committed. thousands were attending a Chicago, 18 · You are passionate about creating posi- water conference. She called for action 19 tive change in your community. (address) the struggles of people around the · You are open to being coached and ad- world 1 20 )(face)"too little water or too vised by experts and peers(同伴). dirty water". Her efforts have encouraged oth · You are able to work with people from ers to take part by running through a global different backgrounds. campaign called“Run Blue". 21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint,participants 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,38分) will 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分) A. create change in their community 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D B. attend a virtual learning programme 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 C. meet people from different backgrounds A D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project The International Olympic Committee 22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one (IOC) Young Leaders programme empowers will need to 1 talents to make a positive difference in theil A. complete a reflection task each week s through sport. Twenty-five communities B. watch sports on the IOC channel Young Leaders are being selected every two C. work on a sport-based project years for a four-year period. They promote the D. coach and advise their peers Olympic values, spreading the message of sport 23. Which is a requirement for the applicants? for good. A. Spreading the message of sport for good. To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to B. Having at least one-year work experience. first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint(冲 C. Showing great passion for project planning 刺). D. Committing themselves to becoming an ex 4-Week Learning Sprint pert. B The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2o23,is a virtual Sitting in the garden for my friend's birth learning programme. The sessions can be at- day,I felt a buzz(振动)in my pocket. My heart tended live or watched back after they are made raced when I saw the email sender's name. The available on the IOC channel. Each week, par email started off:"Dear Mr Green, thank you ticipants will be asked to complete a topic-spe- for your interest"and"the review process took cific reflection task longer than expected". It ended with"We are 2023·北京卷 第2页(共8页) sorry to inform you..."and my vision blurred 25. After talking with Professor Devon, the au- (模糊). The position-measuring soil quality thor decided to _) in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergradu A. criticise the review process ate research programme-had felt like the an B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert swer I had spent years looking for. I had put so C. apply to the original project again much time and emotional energy into applying D. put his heart and soul into the lab work and I thought the rejection meant the end of 26. According to the author, the project with the road for my science career. the robotics professor was So I was shocked when, not long after the A. demanding B. inspiring email,Professor Mary Devon,who was running C. misleading D. amusing the programme,invited me to observe the work 27. What can we learn from this passage? being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance. A. An invitation is a reputation. and a few weeks later I was equally shocked B. An innovation is a resolution. and overjoyed-when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue C. A rejection can be a redirection D. A reflection can be a restriction. in her lab. What she proposed didn't seem as C exciting as the original project I had applied to In recent years, researchers from diverse but I was going to give it my all. fields have agreed that short-termism is now a I found myself working with a robotics significant problem in industrialised societies. professor on techniques for collecting data from The inability to engage with longer-term cau the desert remotely. That project, which I could ses and consequences leads to some of the complete from my sofa instead of in the burn world's most serious problems:climate change ing heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional meth- biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian ods didn't. In the end,I had a new scientific in Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where "only the present exists,a pres- terest to pursue. When I applied to graduate school,I found ent characterised at once by the cruelty of the three programmes promising to allow me to instant and by the boredom of an unending now”. follow my desired research direction. And I ap plied with the same anxious excitement as be- It has been proved that people have a bias fore. When I was rejected from one that had (偏向) towards the present,focusing on loud seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedl attractions in the moment at the expense of the difficult. But this time I had the perspective(视 health, well-being and financial stability of 角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It their future selves or community. In business. helped that in the end I was accepted into one this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. of the other programmes I was also excited a- And on slow-burning problems like climate bout. change, it translates into the unwillingness to Rather than setting plans in stone, I've make small sacrifices(牺牲)today that could learned that sometimes I need to take the op make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all portunities that are offered, even if they don't that matters is next quarter's profit,or satisfy sound perfect at the time,and make the most of ing some other near-term desires. These biased them. perspectives cannot be 24. How did the author feel upon seeing the blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, email sender's name? though, that our psychological biases play a A. Anxious. B. Angry. major role. People's hesitancy to delay satis C. Surprised. D. Settled. faction is the most obvious example, but there 2023·北京卷 第3页(共8页) are others. One of them is about how the most D accessible information in the present affects de What is life? Like most great questions. cisions about the future. For instance, you this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. might hear someone say:"It's cold this winter The reason is simple: we know of just one type so I needn't worry about global warming."An of life and it's challenging to do science with a other is that loud and urgent matters are given sample size of one. The field of artificial life- called ALife for short-is the systematic at- too much importance, making people ignore tempt to spell out life's fundamental princi- longer-term trends that arguably matter more. ples. Many of these practitioners, so-called This is when a pop star draws far more atten- ALifers,think that somehow making life is the tion than, say,gradual biodiversity decline. surest way to really understand what life is. As a psychologist once joked,if aliens(外星人) So far no one has convincingly made artifi- wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn't send cial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe ships; they would invent climate change. In target for criticism, such as declarations of the deed,when it comes to environmental transfor field's doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith,a mations, we can develop a form of collective complexity scientist, is tired of such com “poor memory",and each new generation can plaints. Asking about"the point"of ALife might believe the state of affairs they encounter is be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about nothing out of the ordinary. Older people to- the use of anything,”Alan says."Some people day,for example,can remember a time with in- ask me,'So what's the worth of artificial life?' sect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Do you ever think,'What is the worth of your Children,on the other hand, have no idea that grandmother?'" insect population has dropped dramatically. As much as many ALifers hate emphasi- 28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to sing their research's applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical pay- A. draw a comparison offs. Artificial intelligence may be considered B. introduce a topic ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields C. evaluate a statement are enamoured by a concept called open-ended evolution(演化). This is the capacity for a sys D. highlight a problem tem to create essentially endless complexity,to 29. What can be inferred from the last para- be a sort of"novelty generator". The only sys graph? tem known to exhibit this is Earth's biosphere. A. Climate change has been forgotten. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life's B. L.essons of history are highly valued. endless"creativity”in some virtual model, those C. The human mind is bad at noting slow same principles could give rise to truly inven change. tive machines. D. Humans are unwilling to admit their short Compared with the developments of AI. comings. advances in ALife are harder to recognise. One 30. W hat does the author intend to tell us? reason is that ALife is a field in which the cen- A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans. tral concept-life itsell-is undefined. The lack B. Humans tend to make long-term sacri- of agreement among ALifers doesn't help ei- fices. ther. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For bet- C. Current policies facilitate future decision ter or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it making. studies. Its muddled( 混 乱 的)progression is D. Bias towards the present helps reduce a striking parallel(平行线) to the evolutionary near-term desires. struggles that have shaped Earth's biosphere. 2023·北京卷 第4页(共8页) Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives Emerging research suggests that courses its followers to repurpose old ideas and gener-O 过in lower-ranked universities, on average. ate novelty. It may be, of course, that these scored higher on teaching than courses in high characteristics aren't in any way surprising or er-ranked universities. 37 The absence of singular. They may apply universally to all acts teaching excellence from the rankings is sur of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing prising given the link between high-quality special. But even this dismissal suggests some- teaching and student success. Quality teaching thing: perhaps, just like life itself throughout is one of the most important predictors of a the universe, the rise of ALife will prove una- wide range of college outcomes. voidable. Rankings, however, are only one reason 31. Regarding Alan Smith's defence of ALife why a low value is placed on teaching in higher the author is education. Administrators often don't view A. supportive B. puzzled teaching excellence as a way to increase enrol- C. unconcerned ment(注册)or funding. D. doubtful 38 Research 32. What does the word "enamoured" under- shows that the more time instructors spend on lined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? teaching,the lower their salary. What is the re A. Shocked. B. Protected. sult? Many instructors continue to teach using C. Attracted. D. Challenged. traditional lectures,which lead to lower success 33. What can we learn from this passage? rates. A. ALife holds the key to human future. 39 Nevertheless, not much will B. ALife and AI share a common feature. change until schools with high-quality teaching C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. are rewarded with more resources,higher rank D. AI speeds up the process of human evo- ings and increased enrolments. In the long lution. term, universities, organisations that rank 34. Which would be the best title for the pas schools,and others should work to make teach sage? ing a valued,core part of the mission A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out? What should students and their families B. Life Evolves, Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too? do? They should give strong consideration to C. Life Is Undefined, Can ALife Be Defined One universities where high-quality teaching is val- Day? ued, even though the schools may be ranked D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife lower. Evolve, Too? A. Higher education has achieved its true po 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分) tential. 根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选 B. Therefore,it's not highly valued in hiring or 出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 promotion. 多余选项。 C. Quality teaching has been an important rep It's a joyful and stressful time of year in utation-building factor. the United States for students and their fami- D. However,the rankings ignore a critical fac- lies as they make decisions about where to at- tor: the quality of teaching. tend college. Families often turn to rankings E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university systems to help make a decision. 35 level have recently emerged. When I talk to families as a scholar of F. They're even more surprised at how teach- higher education, they're often surprised tha ing is undervalued by universities. teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis 36 from teaching to other ranking factors. 2023·北京卷 第5页(共8页) 第三部分 书面表达(共两节,32分) 40. How are habits built? 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题 3分,第43题5分,共12分) 阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答 41. In what way is a routine different from a 问题。 habit? Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world. 42. Please decide which part is false in the fol whether they are aware of them or not. Under lowing statement,then underline it and ex- standing how habits take shape may be helpfu plain why. in changing bad habits. >Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks. Habits are built through learning and rep while building a healthy habit takes a shor- etition. A person is thought to develop a habit ter time. in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time. thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the 43. What benefit (s) have you got from one of behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触 your good habits?(In about 40 words) 发)by these cues. A“habit loop(环)”is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue,the routine 第二节(20分) and the reward. For example, stress could serve 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英 as a cue that one responds to by eating,which 国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主 produces the reward-the reduction of stress. 题的社团活动,他发来邮件询问你的建议 While a routine involves repeated behaviour. 请你用英文给他回复,内容包括; it's not necessarily performed in response to a (1)活动形式; deep-rooted urge,as a habit is. (2)活动内容 Old habits can be difficult to shake, and 注意:(1)词数100左右; healthy habits are often harder to develop. Bu (2)开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 through repetition, it's possible to form new Dear Jim. habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors,including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pick up a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re-evaluate what you get ou of them(or don't). Consider and keep in mind Yours. why you want to make a change,including how Li Hua the change reflects your values. 2023·北京卷 第8页(共8页)2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英语答题卡 姓 名： 准考证号： 贴条形码区 考生 缺考考生由监考员贴条形码，并用2B铅笔填涂下面的缺考标 (正面朝上，请勿贴出虚线方框) 禁填 记。□ 1,答题前，考生将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核实对监考员所粘贴的条形码上的准考证号，姓名、考场 和座位号是否淮确无误。 注意事 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔将对应题目的答案标号涂黑，修改时用橡皮擦干净，再选择其它答案涂黑。非选择题必 须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写，字体工整，笔迹清楚。 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区域内答题，超出答题区域的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题纸上书写的答案无效。 4,保持卡面清洁，完整，严禁折叠，严禁使用涂改液、胶带纸和修正带。 5.正确填涂口 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 1.[A]B[C[D] 4.[A][B[C[D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D] 2.[A]LB][C][D] 5.[A[B][C][D] 8.[A][B][CID] 3.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A[B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21.[A][B][C][D] 25.[A][B][C][D] 29.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B][C][D] 26.[A]B][C][D] 30.[A][B][C][D] 34.[A][B][C][D] 23.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D] 31.[A][B][C[D] 24.[A][B][C][D] 28.[A][B][C][D] 32.[A][B][C[D] 35.[A][B][c][D][E][F][G]37.[A][B][C][D][E[F]LG]39.[A][B[C][D][E][F][G] 36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G]38.[A]B][C][D][E][F][G] 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出边框的答案无效 2023·北京卷第6页（共8页） ■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出边框的答案无效 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 40. 41. 42. 43. 第二节(20分) Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，短出边框的答案无效 2023·北京卷第7页（共8页）