Unit 1 A New Start Using languages Basic sentence structure 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

Unit 1 A new start Lesson Two Period 2 Using language CONTENT 01 Basic sentence structure 目 录 02 school clubs 03 Making a plan 2 01 Basic sentence structure Basic sentence structure 一、句子的基本成分 根据英语词汇在句子中的地位和作用，英语的句子成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语及独立成分等。 1．主语：动作的执行者，通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当。 ❶She went out in a hurry.(代词) ❷To see is to believe.(动词不定式) ❸Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) ❹What he has said is true.(从句) 4 Basic sentence structure 一、句子的基本成分 2．谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，通常由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。实义动词可以单独作谓语（简单谓语），情态动词和助动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语（复合谓语），连系动词需要和表语一起构成谓语。 ❶We appreciate your help a lot.(实义动词) ❷He can speak English well.(情态动词＋动词原形) ❸She is talking with her sister.(助动词＋实义动词) ❹The newly­baked bread tastes delicious.(连系动词＋表语) 5 Basic sentence structure 一、句子的基本成分 3．表语（主语补语）：用以说明主语的身份、性质、特点。一般位于系动词之后，由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。 ❶His job is taking care of children.(动名词短语) ❷That's why he came here.(从句) ❸That remains a puzzle.(名词) ❹They seem to know the truth.(动词不定式) ❺The speech is exciting.(形容词) 6 Basic sentence structure 一、句子的基本成分 4．宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或相当于名词的词组和句子充当。宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 ❶She didn't say anything.(代词) ❷Did you write down what he said？(从句) ❸I succeeded in passing the exam.(动名词短语) 双宾语： (1)直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。 (2)间接宾语表示动作的接受者或指向，它位于直接宾语之前；位于直接宾语之后时，其前面则常加介词to或for。 ❹Mary gave me a book.(间接宾语和直接宾语) 7 Basic sentence structure 一、句子的基本成分 5. 定语：修饰限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。分为前置定语和后置定语 ❶There are 54 students in our class.(数词) ❷There is a reading room in the library.(动名词) ❸Tell the children playing there not to make any noise.(现在分词) ❹His spoken language is good.(过去分词) ❺That is the reason why I am against your advice.(从句) 8 Basic sentence structure 一、句子的基本成分 6．状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫状语。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。可表示发生时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。 ❶He loves science fiction in particular.(介词短语) ❷His parents died, leaving him an orphan.(现在分词) ❸Please call me if it is necessary.(从句) ❹Suddenly, I heard the bird sing a song.(副词) ❺You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.(动词不定式) 9 Basic sentence structure 一、句子的基本成分 7．宾语补语：补充说明宾语的成分叫宾语补足语。一般由形容词、名词、副词、不定式、分词和介词短语等充当。（宾语和宾语补语构成逻辑上的主谓关系） ❶We found the book interesting.(形容词) ❷We made him monitor in our class.(名词) ❸We found him in trouble now.(介词短语) 10 Basic sentence structure 一、句子的基本成分 8．同位语：一个事物对另一个事物进行解释或者补充说明，用来解释说明的成分叫做同位语。同位语通常放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。 ❶We have two children, a boy and a girl.(名词) ❷We young people should respect the old.(名词) ❸They all wanted to see him.(代词) 11 写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分 ①The performance on the stage is quite different from that in the movie.________ ②His wish is to become a scientist.________ ③Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.________ ④He noticed a man enter the room.________ ⑤Would you tell me your advice？____________________________ ⑥I opened the window to let some fresh air in._______ ⑦I'll never forget the day when I worked together with you.______ [即学即练]　 主语 表语 谓语 宾语补足语 me为间接宾语； your advice为直接宾语　 状语 定语 12 Basic sentence structure 二、七种基本句子结构 1．S＋V：主语(Subject)＋谓语(Verb) ❶The rain stopped.雨停了。 ❷The sun has risen.太阳升起来了。 句型特点总结：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语，但有时可接副词、介词短语等作状语使句子意思更完整。 13 Basic sentence structure 二、七种基本句子结构 2．S＋V＋Adverbial：主语(Subject)＋谓语(Verb)＋状语(Adverbial) ❶We'll leave next week.我们下周动身。 ❷The old man is walking in the park. 那个老人正在公园里散步。 句型特点总结：本结构中充当谓语的不及物动词后常常跟状语才能表达完整的意思，状语包括时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、程度状语等。 14 Basic sentence structure 二、七种基本句子结构 3．S＋V＋O：主语(Subject)＋谓语(Verb)＋宾语(Object) ❶We are learning English.我们正在学习英语。 ❷I don't know him.我不认识他。 句型特点总结：谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须要接一个宾语。 15 Basic sentence structure 二、七种基本句子结构 4．S＋V＋IO＋DO：主语(Subject)＋谓语(Verb)＋间接宾语(Indirect Object)＋直接宾语(Direct Object) ❶Her mother bought her a skirt. 她妈妈给她买了一条裙子。 ❷Mr Li told us an interesting story. 李先生给我们讲了一个非常有趣的故事。 句型特点总结：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。 16 Basic sentence structure 二、七种基本句子结构 5．S＋V (vi.＋prep.)＋O＋Adverbial：主语(Subject)＋谓语(Verb)＋宾语(Object)＋状语(Adverbial) ❶I lived in Beijing five years ago.五年前我住在北京。 ❷They are waiting for the bus patiently.他们正耐心地等公交车。 句型特点总结：本结构中的动词为不及物动词，所以必须加上介词才能跟宾语；另外加上状语表达的意思更完整。 17 Basic sentence structure 二、七种基本句子结构 6．S＋V＋O＋C：主语(Subject)＋谓语(Verb)＋宾语(Object)＋补语(Complement) ❶The news made us sad.那个消息令我们难过。 ❷The teacher asked us to answer the question. 老师叫我们回答那个问题。 ❸We must keep our school clean. 我们必须保持学校干净。 句型特点总结：谓语动词后虽然已接一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。宾语和宾语补语构成逻辑上的主谓关系） 18 Basic sentence structure 二、七种基本句子结构 7．S＋V＋P：主语(Subject)＋系动词(Link Verb)＋表语(Predicative)/主语补语 ❶My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是个护士。 ❷I feel quite hungry.我感觉很饿。 ❸The ball is under the desk.那个球在书桌底下。 句型特点总结：谓语动词是系动词，不能表达完整的意思，其后必须接一个能表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。 19 判断下列句子分别属于哪种基本句子结构 [即学即练]　 1. The bread tastes delicious. 2. I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside. 3. He bought me a birthday present. 4. We must keep the classroom clean. 主语+系动词+表语 主语+谓语+宾语+状语 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 20 School clubs 02 School clubs Complete the posters with the correct form of the words in the box. badminton drama band debate gym piano stage photography science 1. poster n. 海报 post v.张贴 2. badminton n. 羽毛球运动 3. drama n.戏剧 a TV drama 电视剧 4. band n.乐队，乐团 22 School clubs Complete the posters with the correct form of the words in the box. badminton drama band debate gym piano stage photography science 5. debate n.讨论，辩论 under debate 正在讨论中 beyond debate 无可争论 a heated/lively debate (on/about/over sth. 一场(关于某事的)激烈的/热烈的争论 eg.The proposal under debate was put forward by the chairman.那个正在讨论中的提议是由主席提出来的。 After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.经过多年的激烈辩论，灰狼重新回到黄石国家公园。 23 School clubs Complete the posters with the correct form of the words in the box. badminton drama band debate gym piano stage photography science v.讨论，辩论 debate (with sb.) about/on/over sth. (与某人)辩论/讨论某事 debate＋wh-从句/wh- to do... 讨论…… eg. He debated with our maths teacher about the solution to the problem. 他和我们的数学老师讨论这个问题的解法。 eg. The experts are debating whether or not there is life on other planets. 专家们正在讨论其他星球是否存在生命。 24 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The two sides debated _____ each other ____________ the question of the origin (起源) of the universe. ②The question of building a new library in this city is still ________ debate. ③经过一场激烈的辩论，我们就这一计划达成了一致意见。 After _____________， we agreed on the plan. ④中国一直在国际事务中扮演着重要的角色，这是毋庸置疑的。 It is ____________that China has been playing an important role in the international affairs. with on/about/over under a heated debate beyond debate 25 School clubs Complete the posters with the correct form of the words in the box. badminton drama band debate gym piano stage photography science 5. gym n. 体育馆，健身房 gymnastics n.体操 6. piano n. 钢琴 pianist n. 钢琴家 7. stage n. 舞台；时期，阶段 on stage 在舞台上 at different stage of development 在发展的不同阶段 8. photography n.摄影 26 School clubs Complete the posters with the correct form of the words in the box. 1 Badminton 2 gym 3 Drama 4 stage 5 piano 6 band 7 Debate 8 Science 9 Photography 27 School clubs 9. inner adj. 内心的；内部的 outer adj. 外部的 10. pm 下午 11.argue v.争论 argument n. 争论，争辩 argue with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争论 argue that... 主张，认为…… argue for/against (doing) sth. 据理力争/反对(做)某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 eg.He argued with the taxi driver about the fare.他就车费与出租车司机争论。 eg.She argued that our attempt would be a waste of time.她认为我们的尝试将是浪费时间。eg.I argued for the plan while my elder sister argued against it.我赞成这个计划，而我的姐姐反对它。 eg.We tried to argue him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们努力说服他不要踏上如此危险的旅程。 28 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It was funny that the kids spent more time arguing __________ the rules than playing the game. ②He argued ________ smoking, and thought that it is harmful to health. ③We argued her _____joining us in playing tennis. ④I find it hard ________ (argue) with him about the topic. about/over against into to argue 29 School clubs 12. topic n. 话题 13. sharp adj. 敏锐的，聪明的；锋利的；(言语)严厉的；(变化)急剧的；(感觉)剧烈的；(声音)刺耳的 Make sure you use a sharp knife to cut the chicken breast.你一定要用锋利的刀来切鸡胸脯。 The boss can be very sharp with people when she's busy.老板忙的时候对人很严厉。 Be careful with the sharp bend in the road. 小心路上的急转弯。 There is a sharp drop/increase in prices 价格急剧下跌/上涨。 I felt a sharp pain in my back. 我感到背上一阵剧痛 I heard a sharp crying when I passed this house. 经过这个房子时我听到了一阵刺耳的哭声。 adv. (时刻)整 Please be here at seven o'clock sharp.请七点整到这里。 sharply adv. 猛烈地；急剧地 sharpen v. (使)变得锋利 shar 30 School clubs [联想拓展]　adj./n.＋en变为v.的单词小结 strength n．力气→strengthen v．巩固 deep adj.深的→deepen v．加深 wide adj.宽的→widen v．加宽 length n．长度→lengthen v．延长 shar 31 [即学即练] 判断下列句子中sharp的含义/用sharp的适当形式填空 ①You need a sharp knife to cut through the knot (结).__________ ②The lecture starts at 6：00 sharp. Latecomers will not be admitted (允许引入).____________ ③If your awareness (意识) is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.__________ ④Nowadays, there is a sharp increase in children's creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.___________ ⑤She looked at him coldly and her words sounded sharp．________________ ⑥During the last three decades (十年), the number of people joining in physical fitness programs has increased ________． ⑦The man was ________ his knife with when I entered the room 锋利的 (时间)整点 敏锐的 急剧的 (人或言语)尖锐的 sharply sharpening 32 School clubs 14. dinosaur n. 恐龙 15. dolphin n. 海豚 16. intelligent adj. 聪明的；智能的 intelligence n. 聪明；智能 Artificial intelligence 人工智能 17. investigate v. 调查，研究 shar 33 Making a plan 03 School clubs In the UK and the US, senior high school students take part in various after-school activities, such as club activities and volunteer work. 1. take part in, join, attend, join的区别 take part in: 多指参加群体性的活动、比赛等 join: 加入某组织或团体，成为其中一员 attend: 参加会议、婚礼、葬礼等，也可指上学、上课、听讲座等。强调“参加”这一动作本身，不强调参加者的作用。 join in: 参加小规模的活动，如游戏、比赛、娱乐，多用于口语。有时可与take part in 互换 shar 35 School clubs In the UK and the US, senior high school students take part in various after-school activities, such as club activities and volunteer work. 2. various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 =diverse/different vary v.不同；变化；使多样化 vary from...to... 在……到……之间变动 vary with... 随……变动 eg.My doctor said I should vary my diet more. 医生说我应该使日常饮食更加多样化。 eg. The prices of some goods vary with the season. 某些商品的价格随季节变动。 variety n. 变化，多样化；种类，品种 a variety/varieties of... 各种各样的…… eg. We grow a variety of crops, including cabbages, wheat and potatoes.我们种了各种作物，包括卷心菜、小麦和土豆。 shar 36 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①There are ________ (vary) solutions to your problem. ②For Chinese people, there're a ______ (vary) of activities to celebrate the traditional festivals. ③The café offers a wide _______ (vary) of sandwiches in order to attract customers. ④A variety of his books _____ (have) been published and the variety of his writings ____ (be) surprising. ⑤The variety of fruits in this supermarket ____ (be) rich. various variety variety have is is 37 School clubs In the UK and the US, senior high school students take part in various after-school activities, such as club activities and volunteer work. 3. volunteer n.志愿者 v. 自愿/无偿做... volunteer to do sth. 自愿/无偿做... eg.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted. 火山爆发后，住在我们隔壁的夫妻自愿来帮忙。 voluntary adj. 自愿的 do voluntary work 做志愿工作 shar 38 School clubs These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others. 5. gain v. 获得，赢得；获得好处 =get n. 好处，利益 6. not only...but (also)... “不仅...而且...” 并列连词，连接并列成分, 如主语、谓语、宾语等，还可以连接两个句子。连接并列成分做主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。 eg. Not only my deskmate but also I like drawing. 不仅我同桌，而且我也喜欢画画。(连接并列主语) He not only applied for the position but also took part in their activity.他不仅申请了这个职位，而且还参加了他们的活动。(连接并列谓语)。 The band's performance is not only interesting but also exciting. 乐队的表演不仅有趣，而且令人兴奋。(连接并列表语) My English teacher speaks not only English but also Russian. 我的英语老师不仅说英语，还说俄语。(连接并列宾语) shar 39 [即学即练] 完成句子/单句语法填空 ①你或许也开始注意到不仅对你的健康而且对你的钱包的影响。 You might also begin to notice the effects ________ on your health _____ in your pocket. ②When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, but also ________ (mental) in the past few years. ③Not only Tom and Mary but also I _____ (be) fond of watching television. ④Not only the mother but the children _____ (be) also sick. ⑤It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its ________ (beautiful) but also its weather. but beauty not only mentally am are 40 School clubs After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college. However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules. 7. play a part (in) (在...中)起作用/扮演角色 =play a role (in) part/role前可加上形容词(great, small, important) eg. As is known to all, nowadays the internet is playing a more and more important part. 众所周知，如今互联网起着越来越重要的作用。 eg. He played an important part in the activity. 他在那次活动中起了重要作用。 eg. He was invited to play a part in this radio play. 他应邀在这部广播剧里扮演一个角色。 shar 41 School clubs After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college. However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules. 8. apply v.申请 apply(to...) for... (向...)申请... eg. I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer. 我写信是为了申请学生志愿者的职位。 eg. She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.她向这所国际学校申请了一个英语教师的职位。 v. 应用 apply to... 适用于... Some cyclists think that traffic laws do not apply to them.有些骑自行车的人认为交通法规不适用于他们。 shar 42 School clubs After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college. However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules. v. 应用 apply...to (doing) sth. 把……应用到…… eg. Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. 后来，我决定把我以前的经验应用到学习怎样读和写中。 apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于... eg.She applied herself to learning English.她专心学习英语。 eg. You will pass your exams only if you really apply yourself to your study.你只有真正地专心学习，才能通过考试。 shar 43 School clubs After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college. However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules. application n. 申请；申请书 a job application 求职信 fill in an application form 填写申请表 applicant n. 申请人 [语块积累]　表示“致力于；专心于”的常用短语： ①be absorbed in ②apply oneself to ③devote oneself to ④put one's heart into shar 44 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①He graduated with high enough marks to apply ____ a university. ②If you apply yourself ____ the job, in my opinion, you'll soon get promoted. ③The questions on this part of the form only apply ____ married men. ④I have been out of work for half a year, so I want to apply ____ a job in this company. ⑤Make sure that you apply the theory ____ practice. for to to for to 45 School clubs After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college. However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules. 9. take up 占用(时间、空间等)；拿起；开始；继续 ❶The big table takes up too much room. 那张大桌子占的地方太大了。 ❷Learning French takes up a lot of my time. 学法语占了我大量的时间。 ❸It is not difficult to take up a new career in midlife. 人到中年开始新的事业并不难。 ❹Amy took up dancing for a while, but soon took interest in painting. Amy有段时间喜欢跳舞，但很快又对画画感兴趣。 shar 46 [即学即练] 判断下列句子中take up的含义 ①After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane took up her job as a doctor in the countryside.___________ ②Although basketball took up most of my leisure (闲暇) time, I didn't neglect (忽视) my study.____________ ③“No, no, no，”says Damon, taking up where Dave left off._______ 开始从事 占用(时间) 继续 47 School clubs After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college. However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules. 10. schedule n. 计划表，进度表，日程表 =timetable on schedule 准时，按预定时间 ahead of schedule(＝ahead of time) 提前，先于预定时间 behind schedule 迟于预定时间 eg.With the help of our English teacher, we accomplished the project ahead of schedule. 在我们英语老师的帮助下，我们提前完成了项目。 v. 安排；预定 schedule...for... 把……安排在…… be scheduled to do sth. 被安排做某事 The meeting scheduled to be held on Tuesday morning is of great importance.预计将在周二早上召开的会议非常重要。 shar 48 [即学即练] 单句语法填空 ①The operation on the old man will be carried out _____ schedule.   ②I'm calling to cancel the meeting we ________ (schedule) for this afternoon.   ③The party is scheduled ____ the weekend.   ④Our guests are scheduled ________ (arrive) at 7：30 in the evening. on scheduled for to arrive 49 School clubs To help them do this, some senior high schools offer courses in time management. shar 50 School clubs Activity 5 The clubs they have joined and the activities they do after school. The things they should do to manage their time well. The challenges they face in their new school. Listen to the conversation and decide what the speakers are mainly talking about shar 51 School clubs Activity 6 Listen again and complete the plan. 1 List 2 the time (it takes) 3 do one thing 4 important things shar 52 Bye~ $$