精品解析：上海市复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高一年级英语期末考试试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分） Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary（30分） Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences i here are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. But for the fact that Shakespeare __________ the English language, he would not have been regarded as the greatest playwright of all time. A. revolutionized B. had revolutionized C. would revolutionize D. were to revolutionize 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：要不是莎士比亚革新了英语语言，他就不会被视为有史以来最伟大的剧作家。分析句子结构，这里描述的是一个过去的事实，即莎士比亚革新英语语言是在过去发生的动作，因此应该使用一般过去时。故选A项。 2. There is a real possibility that these delicate animals could be frightened, __________a sudden loud noise. A. if there should have B. should there be C. had there been D. if there be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意：如果突然一声巨响，这些脆弱的动物很有可能会收到惊吓。此处为虚拟语气的条件句，根据前文的these delicate animals could be frightened和句意可知，此处与将来事实相反，表达为if there should be a sudden loud noise，可省略为should there be a sudden loud noise。故选B。 3. Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the chairperson recommended that the proposal shareholders were opposed __________, emphasizing the need for a thorough review of all available information. A. to being reconsidered B. to be reconsidered C. should reconsider D. be reconsidered 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：认识到形势的紧迫性，主席建议重新考虑股东们反对的提案，强调有必要彻底审查所有可用的信息。在英语中，当suggest, recommend, propose等词后面跟宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，其中should可以省略。本题中recommend后的宾语从句应该使用虚拟语气，即(should) + 动词原形。再考虑到reconsider与proposal之间的关系，proposal是reconsider的动作承受者，故应用被动语态be reconsidered，be opposed to sth./doing sth.“反对某事 / 做某事”，此处the proposal是opposed to的宾语，因此定语从句that the proposal shareholders were opposed中必须保留介词 to。故选B项。 4. In education, educators __________ place too much emphasis on fostering critical thinking skills; empowering students to think independently is vital for their future success in a rapidly changing world. A. should not B. cannot C. may not D. shall not 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：在教育中，教育者不应该过分强调培养批判性思维能力；在这个瞬息万变的世界里，赋予学生独立思考的能力对他们未来的成功至关重要。should not表示“不应该”。cannot表示“不能”。may not表示“禁止”，shall not表示“禁止、规定或命令”。根据“place too much emphasis on fostering critical thinking skills; empowering students to think independently is vital for their future success in a rapidly changing world”可知，此处是指教育者不应该过分强调培养批判性思维能力。故选A。 5. I have tried to turn on the newly-bought robot dog this morning, but it __________ start. It is so astonishing that goods purchased on JD.com __________ be so poorly-made. A. won’t ... must B. won’t ... should C. cannot ... must D. cannot ... should 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词用法。句意：今天早上我试着打开新买的机器狗，但是它发动不了。令人惊讶的是，在京东上购买的商品竟然是这么差的。第一空强调的不是实施者的意愿，而是“因为物的原因，实施者要做的事做不成”应用won’t；第二空根据上文astonishing可知表示惊讶，意为“竟然”应用should。故选B。 6. In a scenario where time was of the essence, a tele-surgery __________ the treatment process. Unfortunately, the medical staff just dismissed the option, citing concerns about connectivity issues. A. could have facilitated B. could facilitate C. must have facilitated D. may have facilitated 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：在时间紧迫的情况下，远程手术可以促进治疗过程。不幸的是，医务人员只是驳回了这个选择，理由是担心连接问题。动词facilitate意为“促进，促使”。could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做，强调过去有能力或有条件做某事，而实际没有做。must have done是对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”。may have done是对过去事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，不用于虚拟语气。“could+动词原形”表示做某事的能力，或对现在或将来事情的虚拟，不用于对过去事情的虚拟。这句话描述的是过去本可能发生的情形，但实际上并没有发生，属于对过去事情的假设，所以本句话应该使用could have done的结构。故选A。 7. These teachers must have participated in the conference last week that drew thousands of attendees, __________? A. haven’t they B. needn’t they C. weren’t they D. didn’t they 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：这些老师一定参加了上周吸引了数千名与会者的会议，是吗?must/may/might have done表推测时，若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语，问句部分动词用过去时。若句中没有明显的过去时间的状语，用现在完成时。根据句中last week 可知，用一般过去时。故选D。 8. I assume that the chairman will dislike being hurried into making a decision, __________? A. don’t I B. do I C. will he D. won’t he 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查反意疑问句。句意：我认为主席不喜欢被催促着做决定，不是吗？当陈述部分的主句是I think/suppose/believe/expect/imagine等，且主语是第一人称时，反意疑问句要根据从句的主语和谓语来确定。本句中从句的主语是the chairman，谓语是will dislike，且陈述部分是肯定陈述，所以反意疑问句要用否定形式即won't he。故选D项。 9. __________ the Nobel Prize for Literature, an achievement many writers dream of but few attain, is something Bob Dylan, with his roots in folk and rock music, never could have imagined. A. Awarded B. Being awarded C. To award D. Having awarded 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这是许多作家梦寐以求但很少有人能达到的成就，对于根植于民间和摇滚音乐的鲍勃·迪伦来说，是他从未敢想象的事情。分析句子结构，此处需要一个非谓语动词作主语，同时由于逻辑主语和award之间存在被动关系，所以应使用动名词的被动式being awarded。故选B项。 10. To our surprise, the festival this year draws three times __________. A. a larger audience as last year’s did B. as large an audience as did last year’s C. larger as an audience as last year’s did D. an audience large as did last year’s 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查倍数表达固定句型。句意：令我们吃惊的是，今年的电影节吸引了去年三倍的观众。倍数表达法有：“… times+形容词/副词的比较级＋than …”，“… times +as+形容词/副词的原级＋as …”，以及“… times+the+名词（如：size，height，weight，length，width 等）＋of …”。“...times as...as...”意为“……是……的……倍”，其中第一个as是副词，用以修饰后面的原级形容词或副词，第二个as是连词，用以引导比较状语从句，常有省略现象；本题中第一个as后用原级形容词large，第二个as后引导比较状语从句last year’s festival did，省略名词festival并使用了倒装。故选B项。 11. Despite the advancement of technology and automation, some tasks still require the expertise and dedication of __________ labor to ensure precision and quality. A. manual B. manned C. mature D. artificial 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管技术和自动化的进步，一些任务仍然需要体力劳动的专业知识和奉献精神，以确保精度和质量。A. manual手工的，体力的；B. manned载人的；C. mature成熟的；D. artificial人造的。由“Despite the advancement of technology and automation, some tasks still require the expertise and dedication of”和“to ensure precision and quality”可知，句子表示“尽管技术和自动化的进步，一些任务仍然需要体力劳动的专业知识和奉献精神，以确保精度和质量”，manual labor意为“体力劳动”。故选A。 12. With a comprehensive training program in __________ the new recruits quickly adapted to their roles within the organization. A. vain B. display C. place D. company 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：全面的培训计划到位后，新员工迅速适应了他们在组织内的角色。A. in vain徒劳；B. in display在展示中；C. in place到位，适当；D. in company陪伴。根据下文“the new recruits quickly adapted to their roles within the organization(新员工迅速适应了他们在组织内的角色)”可知，此处描述的是培训计划的实施状态，in place表示“到位，实施中”，符合句意。故选C项。 13. Upon entering the bakery, they were __________ by the pleasant smell of freshly baked bread and sweet pastries, their mouths instantly watering. A. evoked B. occupied C. greeted D. consumed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一走进面包房，他们就闻到新鲜出炉的面包和甜甜的糕点的香味，他们的嘴立刻流下了口水。A. evoked唤起；B. occupied占据；C. greeted（声音、气味等）传入……的耳中（或鼻中）；D. consumed消耗。由the pleasant smell of freshly baked bread and sweet pastries可知，此处指他们闻到新鲜出炉的面包和甜甜的糕点的香味，即新鲜出炉的面包和甜甜的糕点的香味传入他们鼻中。greet“气味传入……的鼻中”句意，作此意时常用被动语态sb be greeted by。故选C项。 14. As the applause died __________, the speaker took a moment to gather her thoughts before continuing with her presentation. A. off B. out C. down D. up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着掌声逐渐减弱，演讲者花了一刻钟整理思绪，然后继续她的演讲。A. off离开；脱离；B. out出去；结束；C. down向下；减少；减弱；D. up向上；起床。根据下文“the speaker took a moment to gather her thoughts before continuing with her presentation(演讲者花了一刻钟整理思绪，然后继续她的演讲)”可知，此处描述的是掌声减弱的过程，die down为固定短语，含意为“逐渐减弱”，符合句意。故选C项。 15. The consequences of cyber-attacks can __________ beyond financial losses, affecting public trust in digital systems and compromising sensitive data security. A. extend B. stretch C. exceed D. cover 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：网络攻击的后果可能不仅仅是经济损失，还会影响公众对数字系统的信任，危及敏感数据的安全。A. extend延伸；B. stretch拉伸；C. exceed超过，超出；D. cover覆盖。由“beyond financial losses, affecting public trust in digital systems and compromising sensitive data security”可知，句子表示“网络攻击的后果可能不仅仅是经济损失”，也就是会超出经济损失，空格处意为“超出”，故选C。 16. Many animals are __________ to flee at the sight of a predator, an instinctive response that triggers immediate physiological changes to enhance their chances of escape. A. challenged B. prepared C. programmed D. evoked 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多动物一看到捕食者就准备逃跑，这是一种本能反应，会立即引发生理变化，以增加逃跑的机会。A. challenged残疾的；B. prepared准备好的；C. programmed程序化的，程控的；D. evoked诱发的。根据“to flee at the sight of a predator, an instinctive response that triggers immediate physiological changes to enhance their chances of escape”可知，此处是指许多动物一看到捕食者就准备逃跑。故选B。 17. In the midst of the __________, characterized by job losses and market volatility, it’s not uncommon for businesses to lose __________ of their operational objectives as they focus on survival in the chaotic economic landscape. A. depression ... track B. recession … touch C. possession ... trace D. progression … pursuit 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在以失业和市场波动为特征的大萧条中，企业在混乱的经济环境中专注于生存，因此忘记运营目标的情况并不少见。A. depression不景气，经济衰退，track轨道，足迹；B. recession经济衰退，touch触摸；C. possession占有，trace迹线，痕迹；D. progression进展，pursuit追求。根据第一空格后文“job losses and market volatility”可知，此处表示“经济衰退”，可以使用名词depression和recession充当介词of的宾语。第二空格处后文“their operational objectives as they focus on survival in the chaotic economic landscape”可知，此处构成固定短语lose track of “不了解……的动态，忘记”，故选A项。 18. Observing that he was not __________ enough in his academic pursuits, he __________ for another course, seeking to push his intellectual boundaries and gain deeper insights into his field of study. A. challenged ... enrolled B. motivated ... registered C. stretched ... signed up D. charged ... entered 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：观察到他在学术追求上没有足够的挑战，他注册了另一门课程，寻求突破他的智力界限，并对他的研究领域有更深入的了解。A. challenged挑战；enrolled登记；B. motivated激发；registered注册；C. stretched伸展；signed up报名参加；D. charged要价；entered进入。根据“he __________ for another course, seeking to push his intellectual boundaries and gain deeper insights into his field of study.”可知，他在学术追求上没有足够的挑战，所以注册另一门课程。故选A。 19. The newly-issued law __________ manufacturers to label products with clear nutritional information, and this puts a lot of __________ on food producers: they need to reformulate recipes and update packaging accordingly. A. demands … requirements B. requires... demands C. requests … drains D. urges ... emphases 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：新颁布的法律要求制造商在产品标签上注明明确的营养信息，这对食品生产商提出了很多要求：他们需要重新制定配方，并相应地更新包装。第一空demand要求，语气更强硬；require需要；request请求；urge催促，力劝；第二空requirements要求；demands命令；drains排水沟；emphases强调。第一空表示法律要求，demand符合语境；第二空结合选项可知，表示对食品生产商提出了很多要求，应用名词requirements。故选A。 20. The rare first edition of the novel, with a limited __________, was found to be in __________ of a private collector who had safeguarded it for decades. A. circulation ... possession B. circulation … the possession C. publication ... possession D. publication ... the possession 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析、介词短语辨析。句意：这本罕见的小说初版，发行量有限，被发现属于一位私人收藏家，他几十年来一直保管着它。in possession of“拥有”；in the possession of“由……拥有”；circulation“（报刊）发行量，销售量”；publication“出版物，出版，(书刊等的)发行”。小说的初版发行量有限，所以第一空用名词circulation，作with的宾语；由第二空后的a private collector可知，用in the possession of表示小说初版由一位私人收藏家拥有。故选B。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. absent B. flood C. bound D. indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus ____21____ as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several ____22____, this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to ____23____ the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and ____24____, the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake ____25____ similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their ____26____ appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs ____27____ tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer ____28____ in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some ____29____, looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch _____30_____ fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. 【答案】21. H 22. K 23. B 24. G 25. F 26. J 27. C 28. A 29. E 30. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为了保护犀牛免受盗猎，科学家们正在研究如何制造仿制的犀牛角以扰乱市场，降低真犀牛角的价值和减少猎杀犀牛的动机。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，一公斤犀牛角可以要价高达60,000美元的价格，这给盗猎者带来了巨大的猎杀犀牛的动机。分析句子可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与as much as $60,000搭配，表示“要求，索取”的意思。command在此处意为“要求，索取”，符合句意。故选H项。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：由于几乎所有的犀牛种群都处于濒危状态，有几种已经处于严重濒危状态，这是一个严重的问题。分析句子可知，此处使用副词critically“关键地，严重地”，several critically是省略后的附加语，完整形式为several [populations are] critically [endangered]。使用副词critically是因为需要修饰形容词endangered，构成critically endangered(极度濒危)这一固定搭配。故选K项。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：因此，一些环保人士建议，减少对犀牛的压力的一种方法可能是用假货淹没市场。根据下文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望这样能降低真正犀牛角的价值)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与the market搭配，表示“淹没，充斥”的意思。flood意为“淹没，充斥”，符合句意。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查副词。句意：他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值，并因此降低猎杀犀牛的动机。根据上文“This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns(他们希望，这会降低真犀牛角的价值)”以及下文“the motivation to hunt rhinos(猎杀犀牛的动机)”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。consequently意为“因此”，作状语修饰谓语动词reduce，符合句意。故选G项。 【25题详解】 考查副词。句意：他和他的同事在《科学报告》中写道，他们已经想出了一种廉价且易于制作的仿制品，与真品惊人地相似。根据下文“similar to the real thing(与真品相似)”可知，空格处应填入一个副词，用于修饰similar，表示“惊人地”的意思。strikingly意为“显著地，惊人地”，符合句意。故选F项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管马和犀牛的外表不同，但它们在进化上是相当接近的。根据下文“appearances(外表)”以及“horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related(马和犀牛在进化上是相当接近的)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰appearances，表示“不同”的意思。differing意为“不同的”，符合句意。故选J项。 【27题详解】 考查动词。句意：犀牛的“角”是由毛发紧紧地绑在一起组成的，使用的是死细胞的混合物。根据下文“tightly together using a mixture of dead cells(使用死细胞的混合物紧紧地……在一起)”可知，空格处应填入一个动词，且能与together搭配，表示“绑在一起”的意思。bound意为“绑定”，符合句意。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：显微镜下的检查显示，从马尾收集的毛发与犀牛角中发现的特征相似，除了马毛有一层在犀牛角中缺失的特殊层。根据上文“except that horse hairs had a special layer(除了马毛有一层特殊层)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰layer，表示“缺失”的意思。absent意为“不在场的，缺失的”，符合句意。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动名词。句意：结果是一种粗糙的材料，经过一些打磨后，看起来像犀牛角。根据空白处下文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个动名词，用于表示材料变光滑的过程。polishing意为“打磨”，符合句意。故选E项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：是否将无法区分的仿品投放到犀牛角市场会真正降低价格和需求还有待测试。根据空白处上文“looked like rhino horn(看起来像犀牛角)”可知，空格处应填入一个形容词，用于修饰fakes，表示“无法区分”的意思。indistinguishable意为“无法区分的”，符合句意。故选D项。 Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension（1*15+2*15=45分） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although often ignored, was usually ____31____. Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and ____32____ being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the ____33____ industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to ____34____ his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too ____35____” at NASA. In a corporate culture based on ____36____ and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear ____37____ learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of ____38____ it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are ____39____ criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the _____40_____ of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give _____41_____ to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be _____42_____ in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external _____43_____, it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be _____44_____. Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their _____45_____. But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 31. A. justifiable B. pointless C. inevitable D. ridiculous 32. A. on the whole B. in conclusion C. as a result D. on the contrary 33. A. airline B. manufacturing C. service D. advertising 34. A. weigh B. reason C. applaud D. channel 35. A. offensive B. ambitious C. aggressive D. humble 36. A. imitation B. fear C. efficiency D. competition 37. A. motivates B. facilitates C. maintains D. prevents 38. A. spoiling B. polishing C. masking D. exploiting 39. A. subject to B. immune from C. concerned with D. dependent on 40. A. equivalent B. object C. argument D. criticism 41. A. priority B. motivation C. access D. feedback 42. A. optimistic B. objective C. defensive D. passive 43. A. authorities B. elements C. networks D. whistleblowers 44. A. rejected B. eliminated C. voiced D. questioned 45. A. competitiveness B. inventiveness C. carefulness D. selflessness 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. C 43. A 44. C 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。文章通过两个航空行业的案例，说明了沉默的文化可能是危险的，指出一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化从长远来看是不利于发展的。而解决办法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的怀疑，虽然经常被忽视，但通常是合理的。A. justifiable情有可原的，合理的；B. pointless无意义的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据后文“Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track.”可知，当许多雇员看到自己的老板走上了错误的道路时，他们一定忍不住要模仿威尔逊中士，故威尔逊中士的怀疑其实是合理的。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。A. on the whole基本上；B. in conclusion总之；C. as a result结果；D. on the contrary相反。结合上文“But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and”可知，员工因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，导致结果自己失去工作，所以往往保持沉默。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的一些案例来自航空行业，那里的员工因为自己的级别而感到无力做出任何改变。A. airline航空公司；B. manufacturing制造；C. service服务；D. advertising广告。根据后文的案例“a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977”可知，两架波音747飞机坠毁，故此处指航空行业的案例。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个是最致命的事故：1977年，两架波音747飞机在加那利群岛坠毁，当时一名副驾驶觉得无法说服机长改变起飞决定。A. weigh权衡，认真考虑；B. reason说服，推理；C. applaud鼓掌；D. channel引导，输送。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”和后文“his captain into changing the decision to take off”可知，员工因其级别而感到无力做出任何改变，所以副驾驶无法说服机长改变起飞决定。短语reason sb. into意为“以理劝说使之相信或使之做某事”。故选B。 35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是2003年的哥伦比亚号航天飞机；一位工程师可能在飞行前就已经诊断出飞机机翼的损伤，但由于他在NASA“太谦虚”，导致他没有发言权。A. offensive无礼的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. aggressive好斗的；D. humble（级别或地位）低下的。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”可知，员工因其级别低而感到无力做出任何改变，这名工程师感觉自己没有发言权，是因为在NASA地位低。故选D。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化中，目标似乎正在实现。A. imitation模仿；B. fear恐惧；C. efficiency效率；D. competition竞争。根据后文“Studies show that fear ____7____ learning.”可知，研究表明，恐惧会阻碍学习，故此处指以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化。故选B。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明恐惧会阻碍学习。A. motivates促使；B. facilitates促进；C. maintains保持；D. prevents阻止，阻碍。根据后文“scared workers find ways of ____8____ it or getting around it with inefficient practices.”可知，恐惧的员工会掩盖事实，或者用低效的方法绕过问题，故可见恐惧会阻碍学习。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当面对一个问题时，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。A. spoiling损坏；B. polishing抛光；C. masking掩盖；D. exploiting开发。根据后文“or getting around it with inefficient practices”可知，面对问题，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。故选C。 【39题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。A. subject to受制于；B. immune from免受……的影响；C. concerned with关心；D. dependent on依赖。根据上文“The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds.”可知，这一方法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言，但这不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。故选B。 【40题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这种方法相当于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。A. equivalent对等；B. object物体；C. argument争论；D. criticism批评。根据后文“of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line.”可知，此处是在把“心理安全”氛围等同于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。故选A。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：制作公司皮克斯创建了一个所谓的“智囊团”，为电影导演提供反馈。A. priority优先；B. motivation动机；C. access入口；D. feedback反馈。根据后文“The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person,”可知，其规则是建议应该有建设性，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，故“智囊团”主要是为导演提供反馈和建议的。故选D。 【42题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：规则是，建议应该是建设性的，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，电影制作人不应该做出生气的回应。A. optimistic乐观的；B. objective客观的；C. defensive生气的，防御的；D. passive被动的。根据上文“advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person”可知，“智囊团”要对想法提供建设性建议，故电影制作人不能做出生气的回应。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，如果一名员工觉得有必要通过与外部权威对话来充当举报人，这表明雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。A. authorities当局，权威；B. elements元素；C. networks网络；D. whistleblowers举报人。根据后文“it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm”可知，因为雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境，所以员工才寻求外部权威的帮助，来充当举报人。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. rejected拒绝；B. eliminated消除；C. voiced表达；D. questioned质疑。根据上文“created an environment within the firm where criticism can be”可知，此处指在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着日常工作的自动化，以及工人依赖电脑进行数据分析，人类的附加值将源于他们的创造力。A. competitiveness竞争力；B. inventiveness创造性；C. carefulness仔细；D. selflessness无私。呼应后文“But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.”可知，很难让建议既有创造性又有建设性，故此处指人类需要提供创造力。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m. After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations(震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister. Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slow movers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself. The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do. It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers. The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting, ”What was that?” Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening. 46. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake? A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea. B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by. C. By seeing the seafloor crack. D. By checking the news and be informed of the event. 47. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped? A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise. B. Because he was numb in body. C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation. D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above. 48. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration. B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration. C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this. D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water. 49. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat? A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake. B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake. C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon. D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness. 【答案】46. C 47. D 48. D 49. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在潜水时亲眼目睹了一次大地震发生的经历。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.”可知，突然，在我们下面几米处，断裂开始形成，沙子被吸走了，就在那时我明白了那声音是大地裂开的声音，也就是海底的裂缝让作者意识到发生了地震，故C项正确。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending.”可知，需要巨大的意志力来抵抗游到水面的冲动，这是不明智的，因为当时的水面情况模棱两可，潜在的威胁悬而未决，由此可知，作者没有在震动停止前浮出水面是因为他试图避免上面的意外危险，故D项正确。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is.”可知，作者的身体处于高度戒备状态，随时准备做出反应。但他没有权力管这是什么，再结合第五段中的“The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do.”可知，唯一的选择就是呆在那里不动，任凭地震发生，言外之意，面对地震的发生，只能听天由命，由此可知，作者无力与大自然抗争，只能在水下不动，故D项正确。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.”可知，作者在船上感到很幸运不是因为他奇迹般地幸存，而是经历了大自然最惊人和最可怕的灾害，也就是亲眼目睹了一种罕见的自然现象——地震，故C项正确。 （B） January issue: Rocket Science It’s all systems go for 2024! Join AQUILA for this exciting issue as we discover Newton’s laws of motion, and the maths behind the Moon landings. PLUS: meet the wannabe spacemen of the ancient world and see how the ‘space race’ excited and inspired 20th-century designers and artists. ★BIG IDEAS for 8-12 year-olds ★Challenging Reading & Puzzles ★Teachers & Parents love AQUILA AQUILA Magazine is perfect for inquisitive children, and it has a great line-up of intelligent articles you will probably want to read yourself. From Rocket Science to The Story of Humankind, this advanced and philosophical publication introduces young readers to a thought-provoking mix of Science, Arts and General Knowledge. What’s special about AQUILA? AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand-it is more like a club for inquisitive kids. They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them-kind, creative and curious. Every issue is a pleasing combination of challenge and fun; readers can explore advanced concepts beyond the range of the school classroom and build strong foundations for their future education. What’s inside? AQUILA takes an in-depth look at a new topic every month; the editorial is both witty and intelligent, with articles written and researched by educational specialists. Each issue is beautifully illustrated with diagrams, photos and contemporary artworks. SUBSCRIBE NOW □€55 Annual Subscription Europe €60 World €70 Purchaser’s Name & Address _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Postcode: ________________ Phone Number: ________________ Card No. ____________/____________/____________/____________ Expiry date: __________/__________ Security code: __________ Alternatively, mail cheque payable to AQUILA. Post completed coupon to: AQUILA, 67A Willowfield Road, Eastbourne BN22 8AP Child’s name _________________ Delivery address (if different) ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Postcode ______________________ □Start ASAP □Birthday Gift Birthday date __________________ Gift message (20 words max) _____ ______________________________ ______________________________ More subscription options: www.AQUILA.co.uk TEL: 01323431313 50. The distinctive feature of AQUILA is that it offers readers __________. A. inspiring ideas of mankind B. a sense of belonging C. articles with beautiful illustration D. knowledge routinely taught in schools 51. Which of the following is TRUE concerning AQUILA’s content? A. Editors’ views are presented in a serious manner. B. It deals primarily with technological breakthrough. C. Its content is closely linked to school curriculums. D. One can view online some of AQUILA’s content. 52. What can we learn from the leaflet? A. AQUILA is mainly intended for teenagers. B. Subscription for a year cost an Asian €70. C. Long gift messages may lead to extra charge. D. Payment can only be made via bank card. 【答案】50. B 51. D 52. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一本名为AQUILA的杂志，它专为8-12岁的好奇儿童设计，内容涵盖科学、艺术和常识等，旨在激发他们的思考和探索。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中“AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand-it is more like a club for inquisitive kids. They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them-kind, creative and curious(AQUILA不同于你在报摊上找到的任何杂志，它更像是一个好奇孩子的俱乐部。他们很快就会发现一个由和他们一样的孩子组成的社区——善良、有创造力且充满好奇心)”可知，AQUILA不仅仅是一本杂志，更像是一个俱乐部，可推理出，它为好奇的孩子们提供了一个归属感强烈的社区。故选B。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据右边方框中下面椭圆形图片中“see samples online(在网上查看样本)”可知，AQUILA的部分内容可能在线上提供，供订阅者查看。故选D。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据“SUBSCRIBE NOW(现在订阅)”部分的“€70 World(世界上其他国家70欧元)”可知，一年的订阅费用在世界范围内是70欧元。故选B。 （C） Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers. There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 perent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said. Organic farms tend to use less energy and produce lower emissions but “when lower organic yields are taken into account, greenhouse gas emissions might actually be higher under organic management.” The authors of the study, published in Science Advances, said: “We don’t know whether organic agriculture provides any benefits for biodiversity if lower organic yields are taken into account.” Organic farms tend to cause less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water systems, but the lower yields could mean that nitrogen loss per unit of food produced is higher than on conventional farms. The authors argued that in countries such as Canada, where pesticide regulations are strict and diets are rich in micronutrients, the health benefits of choosing organic might be marginal. They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”. The team analyzed organic crop farming across 17 criteria including yield, impact on climate change, farmer livelihood and consumer health. “Organic is often proposed as a good solution to current environmental and food scarcity problems, but we found that the costs and benefits will vary heavily depending on the context,” Verena Seufert, one of the authors, said. They concluded that organic farming is not the only solution to providing a sustainable source of food for an ever-growing global population, but does have an important role to play. “We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said. The study, which involved a review of the scientific literature on the environmental and economic performance of organic farms, also found that they were highly dependent on animal manure (排泄物) from conventional farms and added: “It is not clear whether we would have enough organic fertilizers to feed everyone in the world with organic food” Organic food is more expensive and “therefore less accessible to consumers with low income, they said. 53. What does the study find about organic farms? A. They are less than efficient. B. They rely on wildlife species. C. They used to produce added emission. D. They use high-quality pesticides. 54. The word “marginal” (in paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to __________. A. irregular B. unlimited C. unimportant D. irrelevant 55. What can be inferred from the passage about organic agriculture? A. Its benefits are yet to be confirmed by review of scientific literature. B. It is perceived as reaching the end of its development like conventional agriculture. C. It is regarded as the opposite of conventional agriculture. D. Its drawbacks outweigh the benefits it yields in most cases. 56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A Organic Farming: Balancing Costs and Benefits B. Organic Farming: Winner in Sustainable Agriculture C. Organic Farming: A Cost-Effective Path to a Healthier Planet D. Organic Farming: The Answer to Global Food Scarcity 【答案】53. A 54. C 55. C 56. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有机食品的优点以及其缺点。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 per cent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said.(有机农场往往有更多的鸟类和蜜蜂，但这些好处可能会被抵消，因为它们每英亩生产的食物平均比传统农场少19%至25%。英属哥伦比亚大学的研究人员说，这意味着需要更多的土地来生产同样数量的食物，而土地被改变为农业是对野生动物的最大威胁之一)”可知，研究发现有机农场效率不高。故选A。 【54题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后句“They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”.(他们表示，有机食品可能含有更少量的微量元素，但尚不清楚这是否“对消费者的健康有任何实际好处”)”可知，选择有机食品对健康的好处可能微乎其微的。所以marginal为“微小的，不重要的”之意。故选C。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said.(“我们需要停止认为有机农业和传统农业是两个极端。相反，消费者应该要求两方面都采取更好的做法，这样我们才能以可持续的方式满足世界粮食需求，”苏弗特女士说)”可推断，有机农业被认为是传统农业的对立面。故选C。 56题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers.(研究人员称，购买有机食品可能并不总是比使用人工杀虫剂种植的廉价食品对地球或人类健康更好)”结合文章主要介绍了有机食品的优点以及其缺点。故A选项“有机农业：平衡代价和好处”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Food & Health Myths Every day there is new information about food and health products. Newspapers regularly have articles that discuss how certain foods or drinks are good or bad for you, Some television shows often deal with new stories about how consuming certain substances can affect your body____57____ One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in cholesterol(胆固醇)and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. ____58____ As far as fat goes, it's the yellow part of the egg that contains all the fat. So if you're worried about the fat content of eggs, go ahead and just eat the whites. You might also choose to buy certain kinds of eggs that have less fat content depending on the diet of the animal. Check your local supermarket for more information. ____59____Although it was once thought to have unique properties, other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine. It seems that the alcohol itself improves an individual's health by raising the levels of good cholesterol and decreasing bad cholesterol. The alcohol also serves to increase blood flow and assist in blood clotting (凝结). ____60____Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new information they read about or see on television. A. Another popular belief is that red wine, like other drinks, may be harmful to you if consumed too much. B. Apart from that, many people believe drinking red wine is especially good for your heart C. Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fact that they are a nutritious source of energy D. There are many other myths common is our society about food and health. E. This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces F. With such a steady stream of information, it's understandable that a few popular myths about food and health are floating around. 【答案】57. F 58. E 59. B 60. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述生活中一些关于食物和健康存在着一些“神话”宣传的现象。 【57题详解】 根据前文“Every day there is new information about food and health products. Newspapers regularly have articles that discuss how certain foods or drinks are good or bad for you, Some television shows often deal with new stories about how consuming certain substances can affect your body(每天都有关于食品和保健品的新信息。报纸上经常有文章讨论某些食物或饮料是如何对你有益或有害的，一些电视节目经常处理关于摄入某些物质如何影响你的身体的新故事)”提到了电视和报纸讨论某些食物或饮料是如何对你有益或有害的信息，说明媒体宣传的方式，所以空处应该承接前文，讲述媒体宣传的作用。选项 F.“With such a steady stream of information, it's understandable that a few popular myths about food and health are floating around.(有了这样源源不断的信息，一些关于食物和健康的流行神话就流传开来了，这是可以理解的。)”，说明因为这些源源不断的信息，一些关于食物和健康的流行神话就流传开来，符合题意，故选F项。 【58题详解】 根据前面的“Although they are indeed high in cholesterol (胆固醇) and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. (虽然鸡蛋的胆固醇和脂含量确实很高，但并不是说每天吃鸡蛋就会损害你的心脏。)”，可知接下来应该描述的是吃鸡蛋不会损害心脏的原因，选项 E.“This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces(这是因为身体可以通过减少胆固醇的产生来处理多余的胆固醇)”，符合题意，故选E项。 【59题详解】 根据后面的内容“Although it was once thought to have unique properties other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine.(尽管它一度被认为具有独特的特性但其他类型的酒精也有相同的效果。最近进行的一项研究表明，喝红酒的人并不比喝啤酒或白葡萄酒等其他烈酒的人长寿。）”可知这一段与喝红酒有关，且此句说的是喝红酒可能会有好处，所以空处应作为总括句，讲述人们对喝红酒带来的好处的认识。选项B.“Apart from that, many people believe drinking red wine is especially good for your heart.”(除此之外，许多人认为喝红酒对心脏特别有好处)。符合题意，故选B项。 【60题详解】 根据最后一句“Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new information they read about or see on television.(特别关心自己健康的消费者应该仔细考虑他们在电视上读到或看到的新信息。)”，提到关注健康的消费者要对电视上看到或了解到的新信息要持谨慎态度，同时结合第一段中提到报纸和电视节目有讨论食物或饮料是如何对你有益或有害的信息，第二段和第三段中提到报纸上关于食物和饮料的一些传言，可推知，空处中应该讲述，除了报纸之外，在生活中关于食物和健康还有其它的神话。 选项D.“There are many other myths common is our society about food and health.”(在我们的社会中，关于食物和健康还有许多其他常见的神话)。下文提到消费者需要对电视上的信息要谨慎，和空处呼应，故选D项。 Ⅲ. Productive Grammar Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a ____61____ (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back ____62____ it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is ____63____ (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately ____64____ each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. ____65____ researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are ____66____ (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving ____67____ again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment ____68____ depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around ____69____ (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible ____70____ (fulfill). 【答案】61. recording 62. where 63. has been redefined 64. from 65. What 66. more flexible 67. it 68. which##that 69. satisfied 70. to fulfill 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究发现，记忆的元素彼此分开存储，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。这种理解对于科学家以相当创新的方式消除和替换记忆至关重要。文章对此进行了详细介绍。 【61题详解】 考查动名词。句意：人们一直认为，记忆的目的是将生活中发生的每一件事归档，然后让我们回忆起来，就像一台记录装置。a recording device意为“记录装置”，此处应用动名词作定语表示用途和功能。故填recording。 【62题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当我们回忆起一段记忆时，我们进入大脑库，拿出一个文件，看一看，然后把它放回原来的地方。“ it was”是地点状语从句，根据句意，表示“(它原来所在的)地方”，应用连词where引导该从句。故填where。 【63题详解】 考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：记忆是什么被重新定义了。动词redefine意为“重新定义”，和主语从句what memory is构成被动关系。此处表示动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。主语为从句，谓语应用三单形式。故填has been redefined。 【64题详解】 考查介词。句意：首先，没有中央记忆库；记忆的元素彼此分开存储，因此与特定记忆相关的东西——气味、声音、情感、身体接触、图片等——被保存在大脑的不同区域，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起。separately from each other意为“彼此分开”，此处应用介词from。故填from。 【65题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：研究人员现在认为，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。在主语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，应用连接代词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。 【66题详解】 考查比较级。句意：这意味着记忆比我们之前认为的更灵活。根据“than previously thought”可知，此处应用形容词比较级more flexible表示“更灵活的”作表语。故填more flexible。 【67题详解】 考查代词。句意：这种并行更像是在计算机上打开一个文件，修改然后再次保存它。代指前文中的a file应用代词it。故填it。 【68题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在最近的一项研究中，把一只老鼠放在一个全新的、空旷的环境中，使它感到沮丧，并导致它拒绝移动。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为environment，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 【69题详解】 考查形容词。句意：激光机器上的一个开关给老鼠带来了以前快乐的记忆，老鼠就会满意地到处跑，表现出放松、正常的行为。根据“showing relaxed, normal behavior”可知，此处应用形容词satisfied表示“满意的”作状语。故填satisfied。 【70题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：不可能变成了可能。become possible to do意为“变得可能做某事”，此处应用to do不定式。动词fulfill意为“实现”。故填fulfill。 Ⅳ. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 这位木匠还是和过去一样幸灾乐祸。（delight v.，the way） (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The carpenter still delights in others’ misfortunes the way he used to. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、名词、固定搭配、副词、方式状语从句、名词所有格。表示“木匠”用carpenter，此处为特指，carpenter前加the。表示“以……为乐”用固定搭配delight in，本句表经常性、习惯性动作，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为The carpenter，故谓语用第三人称单数形式。表示“仍然”用副词still，作状语，修饰delights in。表示“不幸的事”用misfortune，不幸的事不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作delights in的宾语。表示“其他人”用others，用others’“其他人的”作定语，修饰名词misfortunes。表示“用这样的方法”用the way，引导方式状语从句。从句中：表示“他”用he，作主语。表示“曾经”用used to，作谓语。故翻译为The carpenter still delights in others’ misfortunes the way he used to. 72. 为应付例行检查，同学们把课桌擦到锃锃亮。（respond）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In order to respond to routine inspections, the students polished the desks to a shine. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“为了”应用in order to do sth.；表示“应付”短语为respond to；表示“例行检查”短语为routine inspections；主语为复数名词students；表示“把课桌擦到锃锃亮”翻译为polish the desks to a shine。为一般过去时。故翻译为In order to respond to routine inspections, the students polished the desks to a shine. 73. 尽管水果富含维生素，减肥心切的女士们不应该用它们来代替均衡的正餐。（replace）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although fruits are rich in vitamins, ladies who are eager to lose weight should not replace them with balanced meals. 【解析】 【详解】考查连词、动词短语和时态。“尽管”用although，引导让步状语从句；“富含”用be rich in表达，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语fruits是复数，所以be动词用are；“减肥心切的女士们”用ladies who are eager to lose weight表达，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词 ladies；“不应该”用should not；“用……代替……”用replace...with..；“均衡的正餐”用balanced meals。故整句话翻译为：Although fruits are rich in vitamins, ladies who are eager to lose weight should not replace them with balanced meals。 74. 说起背单词，临时抱佛脚是下下策，循序渐进方能见效。（difference）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When it comes to memorizing words, cramming at the last minute is the worst strategy, and progressing gradually can make a difference. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态和固定句型。“说起……”用固定句型when it comes to...，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式；“背单词”翻译为 memorize words；“临时抱佛脚”翻译为 cram at the last minute；“下下策”翻译为the worst strategy；“循序渐进”翻译为progress gradually；“见效”用短语 make a difference；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。句中缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为When it comes to memorizing words, cramming at the last minute is the worst strategy, and progressing gradually can make a difference. Ⅴ. Guided Writing 75. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 75.假设你是旦华中学高一学生李明，鉴于最近校内有数名学生在体育课上受伤，学校英语报针对这一情况开展主题为“如何提高学生身体素质”的征文活动。写一篇投稿，内容须包括： 1）两条有助于改善身体素质的建议 2）你提出这些建议的理由 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Improving Students’ Physical Health My name is Li Ming, a freshman at Danhua High School. Recently, several students have been injured during PE classes, highlighting the need for better physical health. I have two suggestions to improve our physical fitness. Firstly, the school should mandate regular warm-up and cool-down sessions, which can help prevent injuries. These exercises increase flexibility and slowly prepare the body for rigorous activities. Secondly, I recommend incorporating more diverse sports activities into the curriculum. Sports like swimming and yoga, which are less injury-prone, provide excellent full-body workouts and enhance endurance. These suggestions are essential because they not only minimize the risk of injuries but also promote long-term health benefits. A well-rounded exercise program ensures that students are physically fit, which will improve their overall well-being and academic performance. By implementing these changes, we can foster a healthier and safer school environment. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英文报以“如何提高学生身体素质”为主题写一篇文章投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 受伤：injured→wounded 增强：improve→enhance 多样的：diverse→variety 必不可少的：essential→necessary 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：By implementing these changes, we can foster a healthier and safer school environment. 同义句：By putting these modifications into effect, we can cultivate a more healthful and secure atmosphere within our educational institution. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A well-rounded exercise program ensures that students are physically fit, which will improve their overall well-being and academic performance. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】These suggestions are essential because they not only minimize the risk of injuries but also promote long-term health benefits. (运用了not only…but also引导的并列句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第二学期 高一年级英语期末考试试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分） Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary（30分） Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences i here are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. But for the fact that Shakespeare __________ the English language, he would not have been regarded as the greatest playwright of all time. A. revolutionized B. had revolutionized C. would revolutionize D. were to revolutionize 2. There is a real possibility that these delicate animals could be frightened, __________a sudden loud noise. A. if there should have B. should there be C. had there been D. if there be 3. Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the chairperson recommended that the proposal shareholders were opposed __________, emphasizing the need for a thorough review of all available information. A. to being reconsidered B. to be reconsidered C. should reconsider D. be reconsidered 4. In education, educators __________ place too much emphasis on fostering critical thinking skills; empowering students to think independently is vital for their future success in a rapidly changing world. A. should not B. cannot C. may not D. shall not 5. I have tried to turn on the newly-bought robot dog this morning, but it __________ start. It is so astonishing that goods purchased on JD.com __________ be so poorly-made. A. won’t ... must B. won’t ... should C. cannot ... must D. cannot ... should 6. In a scenario where time was of the essence, a tele-surgery __________ the treatment process. Unfortunately, the medical staff just dismissed the option, citing concerns about connectivity issues. A. could have facilitated B. could facilitate C. must have facilitated D. may have facilitated 7. These teachers must have participated in the conference last week that drew thousands of attendees, __________? A. haven’t they B. needn’t they C. weren’t they D. didn’t they 8. I assume that the chairman will dislike being hurried into making a decision, __________? A. don’t I B. do I C. will he D. won’t he 9. __________ the Nobel Prize for Literature, an achievement many writers dream of but few attain, is something Bob Dylan, with his roots in folk and rock music, never could have imagined. A. Awarded B. Being awarded C. To award D. Having awarded 10. To our surprise, the festival this year draws three times __________. A. a larger audience as last year’s did B. as large an audience as did last year’s C. larger as an audience as last year’s did D. an audience large as did last year’s 11. Despite the advancement of technology and automation, some tasks still require the expertise and dedication of __________ labor to ensure precision and quality. A. manual B. manned C. mature D. artificial 12. With a comprehensive training program in __________, the new recruits quickly adapted to their roles within the organization. A. vain B. display C. place D. company 13. Upon entering the bakery, they were __________ by the pleasant smell of freshly baked bread and sweet pastries, their mouths instantly watering. A evoked B. occupied C. greeted D. consumed 14. As the applause died __________, the speaker took a moment to gather her thoughts before continuing with her presentation. A. off B. out C. down D. up 15. The consequences of cyber-attacks can __________ beyond financial losses, affecting public trust in digital systems and compromising sensitive data security. A. extend B. stretch C. exceed D. cover 16. Many animals are __________ to flee at the sight of a predator, an instinctive response that triggers immediate physiological changes to enhance their chances of escape. A. challenged B. prepared C. programmed D. evoked 17. In the midst of the __________, characterized by job losses and market volatility, it’s not uncommon for businesses to lose __________ of their operational objectives as they focus on survival in the chaotic economic landscape. A. depression ... track B. recession … touch C. possession ... trace D. progression … pursuit 18. Observing that he was not __________ enough in his academic pursuits, he __________ for another course, seeking to push his intellectual boundaries and gain deeper insights into his field of study. A. challenged ... enrolled B. motivated ... registered C. stretched ... signed up D. charged ... entered 19. The newly-issued law __________ manufacturers to label products with clear nutritional information, and this puts a lot of __________ on food producers: they need to reformulate recipes and update packaging accordingly. A. demands … requirements B. requires... demands C. requests … drains D. urges ... emphases 20. The rare first edition of the novel, with a limited __________, was found to be in __________ of a private collector who had safeguarded it for decades. A. circulation ... possession B. circulation … the possession C. publication ... possession D. publication ... the possession Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. absent B. flood C. bound D. indistinguishable E. polishing F. strikingly G. consequently H. command I. engaged J. differing K. critically Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus ____21____ as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several ____22____, this is a serious problem. Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to ____23____ the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and ____24____, the motivation to hunt rhinos. That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake ____25____ similar to the real thing. The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their ____26____ appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs ____27____ tightly together using a mixture of dead cells. Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer ____28____ in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液) They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some ____29____, looked like rhino horn. Whether to launch _____30_____ fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino. Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension（1*15+2*15=45分） Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom(情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir?” His doubt, although often ignored, was usually ____31____. Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses headed down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and ____32____ being at high risk of losing their jobs. A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the ____33____ industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to ____34____ his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too ____35____” at NASA. In a corporate culture based on ____36____ and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear ____37____ learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of ____38____ it or getting around it with inefficient practices. The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are ____39____ criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the _____40_____ of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line. Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give _____41_____ to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be _____42_____ in response. And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external _____43_____, it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be _____44_____. Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their _____45_____. But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out. 31 A. justifiable B. pointless C. inevitable D. ridiculous 32. A. on the whole B. in conclusion C. as a result D. on the contrary 33. A. airline B. manufacturing C. service D. advertising 34. A. weigh B. reason C. applaud D. channel 35. A. offensive B. ambitious C. aggressive D. humble 36. A. imitation B. fear C. efficiency D. competition 37. A. motivates B. facilitates C. maintains D. prevents 38. A. spoiling B. polishing C. masking D. exploiting 39. A. subject to B. immune from C. concerned with D. dependent on 40. A. equivalent B. object C. argument D. criticism 41. A. priority B. motivation C. access D. feedback 42. A. optimistic B. objective C. defensive D. passive 43. A. authorities B. elements C. networks D. whistleblowers 44. A. rejected B. eliminated C. voiced D. questioned 45. A. competitiveness B. inventiveness C. carefulness D. selflessness Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m. After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations(震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister. Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slow movers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself. The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do. It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers. The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting, ”What was that?” Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening. 46. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake? A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea. B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by. C. By seeing the seafloor crack. D. By checking the news and be informed of the event. 47. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped? A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise. B. Because he was numb in body. C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation. D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above. 48. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration. B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration. C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this. D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water. 49 Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat? A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake. B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake. C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon. D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness. （B） January issue: Rocket Science It’s all systems go for 2024! Join AQUILA for this exciting issue as we discover Newton’s laws of motion, and the maths behind the Moon landings. PLUS: meet the wannabe spacemen of the ancient world and see how the ‘space race’ excited and inspired 20th-century designers and artists. ★BIG IDEAS for 8-12 year-olds ★Challenging Reading & Puzzles ★Teachers & Parents love AQUILA AQUILA Magazine is perfect for inquisitive children, and it has a great line-up of intelligent articles you will probably want to read yourself. From Rocket Science to The Story of Humankind, this advanced and philosophical publication introduces young readers to a thought-provoking mix of Science, Arts and General Knowledge. What’s special about AQUILA? AQUILA is not like any magazine you will find on the newsstand-it is more like a club for inquisitive kids. They will soon discover a community of other youngsters just like them-kind, creative and curious. Every issue is a pleasing combination of challenge and fun; readers can explore advanced concepts beyond the range of the school classroom and build strong foundations for their future education. What’s inside? AQUILA takes an in-depth look at a new topic every month; the editorial is both witty and intelligent, with articles written and researched by educational specialists. Each issue is beautifully illustrated with diagrams, photos and contemporary artworks. SUBSCRIBE NOW □€55 Annual Subscription Europe €60 World €70 Purchaser’s Name & Address _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Postcode: ________________ Phone Number: ________________ Card No. ____________/____________/____________/____________ Expiry date: __________/__________ Security code: __________ Alternatively, mail cheque payable to AQUILA. Post completed coupon to: AQUILA, 67A Willowfield Road, Eastbourne BN22 8AP Child’s name _________________ Delivery address (if different) ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Postcode ______________________ □Start ASAP □Birthday Gift Birthday date __________________ Gift message (20 words max) _____ ______________________________ ______________________________ More subscription options: www.AQUILA.co.uk TEL: 01323431313 50. The distinctive feature of AQUILA is that it offers readers __________. A. inspiring ideas of mankind B. a sense of belonging C. articles with beautiful illustration D. knowledge routinely taught in schools 51. Which of the following is TRUE concerning AQUILA’s content? A. Editors’ views are presented in a serious manner. B. It deals primarily with technological breakthrough. C. Its content is closely linked to school curriculums. D. One can view online some of AQUILA’s content. 52. What can we learn from the leaflet? A. AQUILA is mainly intended for teenagers. B. Subscription for a year cost an Asian €70. C. Long gift messages may lead to extra charge. D. Payment can only be made via bank card. （C） Buying organic (有机的) food may not always be better for the planet or for human health than cheaper options grown with artificial pesticides, according to researchers. There tend to be more birds and bees on organic farms but the benefits may be cancelled out because they produce an average of 19 to 25 perent less food per acre than conventional farms. This means that more land is needed to produce the same amount of food, and land being changed for agriculture is one of the greatest threats to wildlife, researchers at the University of British Columbia said. Organic farms tend to use less energy and produce lower emissions, but “when lower organic yields are taken into account, greenhouse gas emissions might actually be higher under organic management.” The authors of the study, published in Science Advances, said: “We don’t know whether organic agriculture provides any benefits for biodiversity if lower organic yields are taken into account.” Organic farms tend to cause less nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of water systems, but the lower yields could mean that nitrogen loss per unit of food produced is higher than on conventional farms. The authors argued that in countries such as Canada, where pesticide regulations are strict and diets are rich in micronutrients, the health benefits of choosing organic might be marginal. They said organically grown food probably contained slightly more micronutrients but it was not clear whether this provided “any actual health benefits to consumers”. The team analyzed organic crop farming across 17 criteria including yield, impact on climate change, farmer livelihood and consumer health. “Organic is often proposed as a good solution to current environmental and food scarcity problems, but we found that the costs and benefits will vary heavily depending on the context,” Verena Seufert, one of the authors, said. They concluded that organic farming is not the only solution to providing a sustainable source of food for an ever-growing global population, but does have an important role to play. “We need to stop the perception of organic and conventional agriculture as two ends of the spectrum. Instead, consumers should demand better practices for both so that we can achieve the world’s food needs in a sustainable way,” Ms. Seufert said. The study, which involved a review of the scientific literature on the environmental and economic performance of organic farms, also found that they were highly dependent on animal manure (排泄物) from conventional farms and added: “It is not clear whether we would have enough organic fertilizers to feed everyone in the world with organic food” Organic food is more expensive and “therefore less accessible to consumers with low income, they said. 53 What does the study find about organic farms? A. They are less than efficient. B. They rely on wildlife species. C. They used to produce added emission. D. They use high-quality pesticides. 54 The word “marginal” (in paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to __________. A. irregular B. unlimited C. unimportant D. irrelevant 55. What can be inferred from the passage about organic agriculture? A. Its benefits are yet to be confirmed by review of scientific literature. B. It is perceived as reaching the end of its development like conventional agriculture. C. It is regarded as the opposite of conventional agriculture. D. Its drawbacks outweigh the benefits it yields in most cases. 56. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Organic Farming: Balancing Costs and Benefits B. Organic Farming: Winner in Sustainable Agriculture C. Organic Farming: A Cost-Effective Path to a Healthier Planet D. Organic Farming: The Answer to Global Food Scarcity Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Food & Health Myths Every day there is new information about food and health products. Newspapers regularly have articles that discuss how certain foods or drinks are good or bad for you, Some television shows often deal with new stories about how consuming certain substances can affect your body____57____ One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in cholesterol(胆固醇)and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. ____58____ As far as fat goes, it's the yellow part of the egg that contains all the fat. So if you're worried about the fat content of eggs, go ahead and just eat the whites. You might also choose to buy certain kinds of eggs that have less fat content depending on the diet of the animal. Check your local supermarket for more information. ____59____Although it was once thought to have unique properties, other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine. It seems that the alcohol itself improves an individual's health by raising the levels of good cholesterol and decreasing bad cholesterol. The alcohol also serves to increase blood flow and assist in blood clotting (凝结). ____60____Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new information they read about or see on television. A. Another popular belief is that red wine, like other drinks, may be harmful to you if consumed too much. B. Apart from that, many people believe drinking red wine is especially good for your heart C. Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fact that they are a nutritious source of energy D. There are many other myths common is our society about food and health. E. This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces F. With such a steady stream of information, it's understandable that a few popular myths about food and health are floating around. Ⅲ. Productive Grammar Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fit s each blank. Modifying Your Memories It has always been thought that the purpose of our memory is to file away and later allow us to recall everything that happens in our lives, like a ____61____ (record) device. When we recall a memory, we go into the brain library, take out a file, look at it and then put it back ____62____ it was. The files may get a little dust y over the years, but they are always there and they never change. However, new research shows this understanding of memory is not that accurate. What memory is ____63____ (redefine). To start with, there is no central memory bank; elements of memories are stored separately ____64____ each other so that things related to a particular memory — the smells, sounds, emotions, physical touch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas of the brain, and it is only in the act of recalling that they are all brought together. ____65____ researchers hold to be true now is that every time we recall a memory, aspects of that memory can change slightly. This means memories are ____66____ (flexible) than previously thought. The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying and then saving ____67____ again. This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists to erase and replace memories in quite innovative ways. On a positive note, this is paving the way for new treatments of disorders, like depression and alcohol addiction. In a recent study, a mouse is put into a totally new, empty environment ____68____ depresses it and leads it to refuse to move. A switch on a laser machine introduces a previously happy memory to the mouse and it runs around ____69____ (satisfy), showing relaxed, normal behavior. Science fiction? No, not at all. It’s happening here and now. The impossible is becoming possible ____70____ (fulfill). Ⅳ. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分） Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 71. 这位木匠还是和过去一样幸灾乐祸。（delight v.，the way） (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 72. 为应付例行检查，同学们把课桌擦到锃锃亮。（respond）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 73. 尽管水果富含维生素，减肥心切的女士们不应该用它们来代替均衡的正餐。（replace）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ 74. 说起背单词，临时抱佛脚是下下策，循序渐进方能见效。（difference）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ. Guided Writing 75. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 75.假设你是旦华中学高一学生李明，鉴于最近校内有数名学生在体育课上受伤，学校英语报针对这一情况开展主题为“如何提高学生身体素质”的征文活动。写一篇投稿，内容须包括： 1）两条有助于改善身体素质的建议 2）你提出这些建议的理由 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $