专题02 饮食与健康 - 2025年高考英语热点话题阅读&时文阅读

专题02 饮食与健康（原卷版） 【材料来源：The Wall Street Journal March 11, 2024】 The New Science on What Ultra-Processed Food Does to Your Brain New research suggests links between ultra-processed foods-such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store -and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. Many ultra-processed foods hit the brain rapidly when we eat them and have a strong effect on its reward system,which is involved in pleasure, motivation and learning. Those effects are similar to ones when people use nicotine,alcohol and other addictive drugs, said Ashley Gearhardt, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. "People intensely crave ultra-processed foods and consume them compulsively and find they can't stop eating them,"she said. The combination of high levels of both fat and carbs in many ultra-processed foods is likely why we crave them. Foods in nature are often high in fat or carbs, but not both. Bananas are naturally high in sugar but you eat one and you're good. Scientists were surprised to find that people who had been eating a high-fat, high-sugar snack also had changes in how their brains learned. In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. People who had a healthier breakfast didn't have the performance changes. 【译文欣赏】 关于超加工食品对大脑影响的新科学 新研究表明，超加工食品（如薯条、多种早餐麦片和超市里的大多数袋装零食）与我们学习、记忆和感受方式的转变有所关联。 当我们食用超加工食品时，它们会迅速对大脑产生影响，并对其奖赏系统产生强烈作用，而这个系统与满足感、积极性和学习能力有关。 密歇根大学心理学教授阿什利·吉尔哈特（Ashley Gearhardt）表示，这些作用与人们摄入尼古丁、酒精和其他成瘾性药物后的反应类似。 她说：“人们对超加工食品有强烈的渴望，吃起来欲罢不能，而且会完全停不下来。” 许多超加工食品中脂肪和碳水化合物的含量都很高，这可能就是我们对它们欲罢不能的原因。天然的食物通常富含脂肪或碳水化合物，但不会两者兼备。香蕉天然含糖量高，但你吃一个就满足了。 科学家们惊讶地发现，一直食用高脂、高糖零食的人，大脑的学习方式也发生了变化。 澳大利亚的研究人员在一项研究中发现，连续四天食用饱和脂肪和添加糖含量高的早餐，会导致一些学习和记忆测试的成绩下降。而吃健康早餐的人则没有出现这种变化。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【词汇积累】 1.ultra-processed /ˌʌltrəˈprɑːsɛst/ adj. 超加工的 2.reward system /rɪˈwɔrd ˈsɪstəm/ n. 奖励系统 3.motivation /ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən/ n. 动机 4.compulsively /kəmˈpʌlsɪvli/ adv. 强迫性地 5.crave /kreɪv/ v. 渴望 6.intensely /ɪnˈtɛnsli/ adv. 强烈地 7.addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/ adj. 上瘾的 8.high-fat /ˌhaɪˈfæt/ adj. 高脂肪的 9.carbs (carbohydrates) /kɑːrbz (ˌkɑːrbəˈhaɪdreɪts)/ n. 碳水化合物 10.performance /pərˈfɔːrməns/ n. 表现 【长难句分析】 原句 New research suggests links between ultra-processed foods-such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store -and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. 译文 新研究表明，超加工食品（如薯条、多种早餐麦片和超市里的大多数袋装零食）与我们学习、记忆和感受方式的转变有所关联。 分析 +--[主句: New research suggests links] | +--[介词短语: between ultra-processed foods and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel] | +--[并列结构: ultra-processed foods - such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store] | +--[插入语: such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store] | +--[并列结构: changes in the way we learn, remember and feel] | +--[定语从句: the way we learn, remember and feel] （一） Three of the Best Small Breweries (啤酒厂) in the USA If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies (新手) in the market — then this blog is going to give you exactly that. City Built Brewing Co. This place has got something for everybody — whether you’re a “classic” person who just wants to have a glass of your favourite beer on a hot summer day or an adventurer who wants to be hit with flavours that you have never tried before-the City Built Brewing Company will meet all your needs since it provides a variety of drinks for a mixed crowd. Firestone Walker Brewing Co. Even though it’s not one of the biggest players in the market, its extremely innovative marketing strategies will convince you otherwise. The Firestone Walker Brewing Co. has quickly managed to gain a lot of visibility in 2022 simply by having a great social media presence, along with a killer webpage that invites beer lovers in. Its true specialty lies in creating seasonal beers made annually and available only for a limited period of time. Apart from this, it also has a variety of other kinds of beer that are brewed all year round. Dovetail Brewery Here’s a place that you should go to for both-the great beer and the fun experience. Started by two friends (Bill and Hagen) who met in beer school, the brewery is best known for how well they convert classic European beers to suit the American tastebuds (味蕾). Not just that, but you’ll also get to experience a place of great architecture when you visit this brewery, along with the amazing food that’s to die for. 1．What is unique about Firestone Walker Brewing Co. ? A．It brought in foreign flavours. B．Its architecture style is appealing. C．Some of its beer is offered for limited time. D．It makes special flavour only for adventurers. 2．What do the three breweries have in common? A．Their beer is of poor quality. B．Their products are handmade. C．They provide hands-on experience. D．They don’t have webpages to advertise. 3．Where is probably the text from? A．A guidebook. B．A newspaper. C．A textbook. D．A website. ( 原句 "If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market—then this blog is going to give you exactly that." 译文 如果你厌倦了喝同样的啤酒，并且真的想尝尝由市场上的新手用心酿造的真正啤酒——那么这个博客将为你提供正是你所寻找的东西。 分析 这是一个由逗号和破折号连接的复合句。 条件句: If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market, | +--[连词: If] +--[并列结构: you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market] | +--[第一个分句: you’re tired of drinking the same old beer] +--[第二个分句: would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market] | +--[定语从句: that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market] 主句: then this blog is going to give you exactly that. ) ( 1. handcrafted /ˈhændˌkræftɪd/ adj. 手工制作的 2. passion /ˈpæʃən/ n. 热情 3. adventurer /ədˈvɛntʃərər/ n. 冒险者 4. innovative /ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/ adj. 创新的 5. visibility /ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti/ n. 知名度 6. presence /ˈprɛzəns/ n. 存在感 7. seasonal /ˈsizənəl/ adj. 季节性的 8. brewery /ˈbruəri/ n. 啤酒厂 9. tastebuds /ˈteɪstˌbʌdz/ n. 味蕾 10. architecture /ˈɑrkɪˌtɛktʃər/ n. 建筑 ) （二） I used to be anorexic (厌食的). I was skeletal, each of my rib bones jutted out, like ridges on my body; my head, which looked abnormally huge, was barely supported by my backbone. It would take an hour for me to eat a spoon of food. Should I attempt to eat to please my parents or teachers, I would lock myself in the toilet and throw up the food. I looked pale and weak all the time because of the lack of food. My family members were distressed. They cried a lot. It all started when a boy in my class called me “fat” I was devastated. I adopted an extremely strict diet and exercise routine. I lost 10kg within three months and continued to lose more weight. I was absolutely obsessed about losing even more weight. One day, my heart rate dropped and I was breathless. I almost lost my life. That was when I decided to turn my life around. Looking good is extremely important to a teenager. We want to look a certain way so we can be popular and accepted. We are attracted by well-toned and sculpted bodies. Now, with social media, we have access to a pool of photographs of people, whose bodies and appearances we admire. Those images make us envious. We long to be like them. We're in danger when we start to hate the way we look and take drastic measures to attain the body we dream of having. These measures can lead to eating disorders, unrealistic and unhealthy exercise habits, low self-esteem and depression. Besides affecting the physical health, teenagers who are body conscious can also suffer from mental instability. They may plunge into despair, guilt and hopelessness if they are unable to keep up with their rigid exercise routines or eating habits. They can be emotionally fragile too. They become sensitive to comments made by others. They are ashamed of the way they look. If you are currently experiencing these feelings, seek help before itis too late. It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty, which will change with time. You are unique. 4．What can we infer about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．He developed a deadly disease. B．He was on an exceptionally strict diet. C．He was upset because of not achieving the goal. D．He was in bad condition due to food shortage. 5．Why did the author decide to turn his life around? A．To look good. B．To stay healthy. C．To satisfy his parents. D．To disappoint the boy. 6．What does the underlined word “drastic” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Extreme. B．Immediate. C．Temporary. D．Preventive. 7．What is the best title of this passage? A．Be unique. B．Seek beauty. C．Build your body. D．Accept your body. ( 原句 "It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty, which will change with time." 译文 重要的是对你的形象感到自信和积极，不要盲从人为的美丽标准，因为这些标准会随时间而改变。 分析 It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty, which will change with time. | +--[不定式短语: to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty] | +--[并列结构: to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty] | +--[第一个分句: to feel confident and positive about your image] +--[第二个分句: not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty] ) ( 1.anorexic /ˌænəˈrɛksɪk/ adj. 厌食的 2.skeletal /ˈskɛlɪtl/ adj. 骨瘦如柴的 3.jutted /ˈdʒʌtɪd/ v. 突出 4.abnormally /æbˈnɔrməli/ adv. 异常地 5.backbone /ˈbækˌboʊn/ n. 脊椎 6.distress /dɪˈstrɛs/ v. 使痛苦 7.devastated /ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd/ adj. 极为悲痛的 8.obsessed /əbˈsɛst/ adj. 痴迷的 9.breathless /ˈbrɛθlɪs/ adj. 气喘吁吁的 10.rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ adj. 严格的 ) （三） It is very likely that you eat three meals a day. Modern life is designed around this way of eating. However, is this the healthiest way to eat? Before considering how frequently we should eat, scientists urge us to consider when we shouldn’t. Intermittent fasting (间歇性断食), where you restrict your food intake to an eight-hour window, has become a popular area of research. “It allows our digestive system to rest,” says Emily Manoogian at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Rozalyn Anderson at the University of Wisconsin explains, “Fasting puts the body in a different state, where it’s more ready to clear misfolded proteins.” Misfolded proteins are faulty versions of ordinary proteins, which have been associated with a number of diseases. But if intermittent fasting is a healthy way to eat, how many meals does this leave room for? Some experts argue that it is best to have one meal a day. Manoogian does not recommend doing this, since it can increase the level of glucose (葡萄糖) in our blood when we are not eating. Keeping blood glucose levels down requires eating more regularly than once a day, as this prevents the body from thinking that it is starving and releasing more glucose when you do eventually eat in response. Instead, she says, two to three meals a day is best — with most of your calories consumed earlier in the day.“ So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as fat.” But eating too early in the morning should be avoided, as this would not give you sufficient time to fast. This does not mean we should skip breakfast altogether, either, but some evidence suggests we should wait an hour or two after waking up before cracking open the eggs. Is intermittent fasting realistic? Manoogian thinks that it is best not to specify the best time to eat, as this can be difficult for people with responsibilities and irregular time commitments, such as those working night shifts. But whatever changes you make, researchers agree that consistency is crucial. 8．What can we know about intermittent fasting? A．It focuses on what to eat. B．It cures a number of diseases. C．It keeps the digestive system clean. D．It limits food intake to a fixed duration. 9．What does Manoogian agree with? A．Calories can be hardly consumed in the evening. B．Frequent meals bring about steady blood glucose. C．Two to three meals in the day reduces storage of fat. D．Early eating is recommended for intermittent fasting. 10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How intermittent fasting is tested. B．Whether intermittent fasting is safe. C．How intermittent fasting is practiced. D．When people eat during intermittent fasting. 11．What’s the basic principle of intermittent fasting? A．Sticking to a routine. B．Defining a best meal time. C．Having regular working hours. D．Maintaining consistent menus. ( 原句 "So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as fat." 译文 因此，你的身体可以在一天中利用你摄入的能量，而不是将其储存在体内作为脂肪。 分析 your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day | +--[宾语: the energy you feed it throughout the day] | +--[定语从句: you feed it throughout the day] rather than it being stored in your system as fat | +--[连词: rather than] ) ( 1. intermittent /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/ adj. 间歇的 2. fasting /ˈfæstɪŋ/ n. 断食 3. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ v. 限制 4. digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/ adj. 消化的 5. misfolded /ˌmɪsˈfoʊldɪd/ adj. 错误折叠的 6. proteins /ˈproʊtiːnz/ n. 蛋白质 7. glucose /ˈɡluːkoʊs/ n. 葡萄糖 8. calories /ˈkæləriːz/ n. 卡路里 9. consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性 10. commitments /kəˈmɪtmənts/ n. 承诺 ) （四） Orange chicken, sweet and sour pork, fried rice… Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese dishes that disappoint him. For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China, those cuisines are far from authentic, but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences. What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (扭曲). Quite a few Westerners recognize that particular type of fa re as the whole of Chinese cuisine. “They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine, about how it varies because people forget how big China is. It is a country that has deserts from one side, jungles and sea from the other side. Each area has its unique style of cooking.” he says. Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home. “Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture.” he says. Sometimes, his British friends would join to help. “And quite often, they were shocked by the diversity of Chinese cuisine. They’ve had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today. “So, I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.” Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into cooking. At the time, the videos centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture, including movies, snacks, restaurants and more. Looking ahead, Burns has some plans in mind. “I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on TV. Also, I would love to have my. own restaurant in the future. That’s definitely going to happen.” 12．When did Max Burns return to Brighton, England according to the text? A．Aged 13. B．Aged 14. C．Aged 16. D．Aged 21. 13．How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisines? A．Treat them to Chinese dishes. B．Write reports on Chinese cuisines. C．Cook Chinese dishes for them in person. D．Display authentic Chinese cuisines on. 14．What is paragraph 5 of the text mainly about? A．Burns’s ambitions. B．Burns’s achievements. C．Burns’s adventures. D．Burns’s subscribers. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Influencer Develops a Taste for Chinese Cuisine. B．Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change. C．Chinese Cuisines Have to Cater to Westerners. D．Chinese Cuisines Have Been Around the World. ( 原句 "Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into cooking." 译文 有趣的是，当 Burns 在 2016 年刚从北京搬回英国布莱顿并开始做视频博客时，他认为在家模仿中餐是一个“愚蠢的想法”，因为他对烹饪从来不是特别感兴趣。 分析 主句: copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea” | +--[主语: copying Chinese food at home] 原因状语从句: because he was never super into cooking 时间状语从句: when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing | +--[动名词短语: vlogging] +--[时间状语: in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing] ) ( 1. authentic /ɔːˈθɛntɪk/ adj. 真正的 2. cater /ˈkeɪtər/ v. 迎合 3. skewed /skjuːd/ adj. 歪曲的 4. extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/ n. 范围 5. var y /ˈvɛriz/ v. 变化 6. accessible /ækˈsɛsɪbəl/ adj. 易接近的 7. diversity /daɪˈvɜrsɪti/ n. 多样性 8. influencer /ˈɪnfluənsər/ n. 影响者 9. subscribers /səbˈskraɪbərz/ n. 订阅者 10. ambition /æmˈbɪʃən/ n. 志向 ， 野心 ) （五） Self-care has become something of a buzzword that is used a lot. However, self-care as a daily practice goes beyond spa days and yoga classes. 16 Regular exercise Yes, it’s important to listen to your body and take rest days. However, don’t let every day become a rest day! It’s important to push yourself to exercise on a regular basis, as this brings with it both physical and mental benefits. If you’re feeling too tired and just don’t want to do it, remember that doing exercise can give you an energy boost. 17 Financial planning Money matters can be a significant source of stress and anxiety, but practising financial self-care through planning can help to remove this burden. Creating a budget and sticking to it can empower you to take control of your financial wellbeing. 18 It provides stability and reducing stress in the long run. Routine maintenance From doing the dishes to tackling laundry piles, routine maintenance tasks are the unsung heroes of self-care. While these chores may seem ordinary, completing them can have a profound impact on our mental and emotional state. Engaging in routine maintenance tasks is a form of self-respect. 19 Embracing these tasks as acts of self-care transforms them from burden so me chores into opportunities for nurturing our wellbeing. Establishing a sleeping routine 20 However, adequate sleep is non-negotiable when it comes to self-care. Quality sleep boosts cognitive function, regulates mood, and strengthens the immune system. Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends (红利) in every aspect of our lives, from productivity to emotional resilience(恢复). A．So do the exercise, and let the energy come after! B．Financial self-care is an investment in your future self. C．The best exercise is the exercise that you actually do! D．If you notice a chore that needs doing, do it straight away. E．The following habits will make you feel better in the long-run! F．In a world that highlights productivity and culture, sleep is often sacrificed. G．It involves caring for our living space and, by extension, ourselves. ( 原句 "Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends (红利) in every aspect of our lives, from productivity to emotional resilience(恢复)." 译文 优先考虑睡眠是一种自尊的行为，它在我们生活的各个方面都能带来红利，从生产力到情感恢复。 分析 主句: Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends in every aspect of our lives | +--[定语从句: that pays dividends in every aspect of our lives] 介词短语: from productivity to emotional resilience ) ( 1. buzzword /ˈbʌzwɜrd/ n. 流行词 2. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ n. 练习，实践 3. benefits /ˈbɛnɪfɪts/ n. 益处 4. financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ adj. 金融的，财务的 5. burden /ˈbɜrdən/ n. 负担 6. empower /ɪmˈpaʊər/ v. 授权，给予力量 7. stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定 8. routine /ruˈtin/ n. 常规 9. cognitive /ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv/ adj. 认知的 10. resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 恢复力 ) （六） Orange chicken, salt and pepper chips, fried rice... Max Burns lists several typical Western-style Chinese dishes that 21 him. For Burns who spent his childhood in China, those cuisines are far from 22 . They are invented to satisfy Western preferences. Actually, many Westerners regard that particular type of 23 as the whole of Chinese cuisine. The average Westerners are not as 24 and educated as they could be. That is why he tries to show Chinese food by vlogging (视频博客) about 25 Chinese dishes at home. The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an 26 with over three million subscribers worldwide today and helped 27 some people’s ideas about Chinese food. His friends told him they were shocked by the 28 of Chinese cuisine and it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine. 29 , when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 after returning to England, cooking Chinese food at home was a then “ 30 idea”, because he was never into cooking. At the time, the 31 centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture. However, during COVID-19 when Burns couldn’t 32 outside, he had to learn to cook. “Then I instantly fell in love,” he 33 . “The more I learned about Chinese cooking, the more I got into it.” The cooking journey also serves to maintain his 34 with China, even though he has left China for years. Burns 35 the experiences of living in China, enabling him to teach about Chinese cuisine and build a cross-cultural bridge between the East and the West. 21．A．attract B．disappoint C．puzzle D．scare 22．A．nutritious B．simple C．genuine D．organic 23．A．material B．dessert C．restaurant D．fare 24．A．motivated B．treated C．informed D．recognized 25．A．making B．ordering C．serving D．ranking 26．A．influencer B．amateur C．employer D．organizer 27．A．consider B．assess C．overlook D．shift 28．A．diversity B．significance C．popularity D．impact 29．A．Consequently B．Interestingly C．Ultimately D．Obviously 30．A．negative B．practical C．stupid D．brilliant 31．A．courses B．surveys C．tests D．videos 32．A．dine B．film C．exercise D．work 33．A．defends B．recalls C．comments D．responds 34．A．business B．argument C．difference D．connection 35．A．imagines B．evaluates C．appreciates D．describes ( 1. preference /ˈprɛfərəns/ n. 偏好 2. cuisine /kwɪˈzin/ n. 菜肴，烹饪 3. educate /ˈɛdʒəˌkeɪt/ v. 教育 4. vlog /vlɒɡ/ v. 拍摄并上传视频博客 5. subscriber /səbˈskraɪbər/ n. 订阅者 6. diversity /daɪˈvɜrsɪti/ n. 多样性 7. aspect /ˈæspɛkt/ n. 方面 8. inform /ɪnˈfɔrm/ v. 通知，使了解 9. connection /kəˈnɛkʃən/ n. 连接，联系 10. appreciate /əˈpriʃiˌeɪt/ v. 感激，欣赏 ) （一） （2023·全国乙卷A篇·高考真题）PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians. C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine. 2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials. C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education. 3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian. C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler. （二） （2023·全国乙卷C篇·高考真题）What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 4．What do people usually think of British food? A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition. C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation. 5．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential. 6．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%. 7．What might the author continue talking about? A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes. C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters. （三） （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 8 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 9 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 10 Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 11 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 12 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A．Eat properly throughout the day. B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E．Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F．For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. Task 1 本专题的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“生活与学习”，与学生们的日常生活和学习密切相关，旨在帮助学生们认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你们学校这学期开设了烹饪课程，指导学生制作传统中式菜肴，请向英文校报Student Forum栏目投稿，内容包括： 1. 上课感受； 2. 课程介绍； 3. 改进建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Exploring Traditional Chinese Cuisine in the School Kitchen ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 饮食与健康（解析版） 【材料来源：The Wall Street Journal March 11, 2024】 The New Science on What Ultra-Processed Food Does to Your Brain New research suggests links between ultra-processed foods-such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store -and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. Many ultra-processed foods hit the brain rapidly when we eat them and have a strong effect on its reward system,which is involved in pleasure, motivation and learning. Those effects are similar to ones when people use nicotine,alcohol and other addictive drugs, said Ashley Gearhardt, a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. "People intensely crave ultra-processed foods and consume them compulsively and find they can't stop eating them,"she said. The combination of high levels of both fat and carbs in many ultra-processed foods is likely why we crave them. Foods in nature are often high in fat or carbs, but not both. Bananas are naturally high in sugar but you eat one and you're good. Scientists were surprised to find that people who had been eating a high-fat, high-sugar snack also had changes in how their brains learned. In a study, four days of having a breakfast high in saturated fat and added sugar was linked to reductions in performance on some learning and memory tests, according to researchers in Australia. People who had a healthier breakfast didn't have the performance changes. 【译文欣赏】 关于超加工食品对大脑影响的新科学 新研究表明，超加工食品（如薯条、多种早餐麦片和超市里的大多数袋装零食）与我们学习、记忆和感受方式的转变有所关联。 当我们食用超加工食品时，它们会迅速对大脑产生影响，并对其奖赏系统产生强烈作用，而这个系统与满足感、积极性和学习能力有关。 密歇根大学心理学教授阿什利·吉尔哈特（Ashley Gearhardt）表示，这些作用与人们摄入尼古丁、酒精和其他成瘾性药物后的反应类似。 她说：“人们对超加工食品有强烈的渴望，吃起来欲罢不能，而且会完全停不下来。” 许多超加工食品中脂肪和碳水化合物的含量都很高，这可能就是我们对它们欲罢不能的原因。天然的食物通常富含脂肪或碳水化合物，但不会两者兼备。香蕉天然含糖量高，但你吃一个就满足了。 科学家们惊讶地发现，一直食用高脂、高糖零食的人，大脑的学习方式也发生了变化。 澳大利亚的研究人员在一项研究中发现，连续四天食用饱和脂肪和添加糖含量高的早餐，会导致一些学习和记忆测试的成绩下降。而吃健康早餐的人则没有出现这种变化。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【词汇积累】 1.ultra-processed /ˌʌltrəˈprɑːsɛst/ adj. 超加工的 2.reward system /rɪˈwɔrd ˈsɪstəm/ n. 奖励系统 3.motivation /ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən/ n. 动机 4.compulsively /kəmˈpʌlsɪvli/ adv. 强迫性地 5.crave /kreɪv/ v. 渴望 6.intensely /ɪnˈtɛnsli/ adv. 强烈地 7.addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/ adj. 上瘾的 8.high-fat /ˌhaɪˈfæt/ adj. 高脂肪的 9.carbs (carbohydrates) /kɑːrbz (ˌkɑːrbəˈhaɪdreɪts)/ n. 碳水化合物 10.performance /pərˈfɔːrməns/ n. 表现 【长难句分析】 原句 New research suggests links between ultra-processed foods-such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store -and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel. 译文 新研究表明，超加工食品（如薯条、多种早餐麦片和超市里的大多数袋装零食）与我们学习、记忆和感受方式的转变有所关联。 分析 +--[主句: New research suggests links] | +--[介词短语: between ultra-processed foods and changes in the way we learn, remember and feel] | +--[并列结构: ultra-processed foods - such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store] | +--[插入语: such as chips, many cereals and most packaged snacks at the grocery store] | +--[并列结构: changes in the way we learn, remember and feel] | +--[定语从句: the way we learn, remember and feel] （一） （2024·辽宁辽阳·模拟预测）Three of the Best Small Breweries (啤酒厂) in the USA If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies (新手) in the market — then this blog is going to give you exactly that. City Built Brewing Co. This place has got something for everybody — whether you’re a “classic” person who just wants to have a glass of your favourite beer on a hot summer day or an adventurer who wants to be hit with flavours that you have never tried before-the City Built Brewing Company will meet all your needs since it provides a variety of drinks for a mixed crowd. Firestone Walker Brewing Co. Even though it’s not one of the biggest players in the market, its extremely innovative marketing strategies will convince you otherwise. The Firestone Walker Brewing Co. has quickly managed to gain a lot of visibility in 2022 simply by having a great social media presence, along with a killer webpage that invites beer lovers in. Its true specialty lies in creating seasonal beers made annually and available only for a limited period of time. Apart from this, it also has a variety of other kinds of beer that are brewed all year round. Dovetail Brewery Here’s a place that you should go to for both-the great beer and the fun experience. Started by two friends (Bill and Hagen) who met in beer school, the brewery is best known for how well they convert classic European beers to suit the American tastebuds (味蕾). Not just that, but you’ll also get to experience a place of great architecture when you visit this brewery, along with the amazing food that’s to die for. 1．What is unique about Firestone Walker Brewing Co. ? A．It brought in foreign flavours. B．Its architecture style is appealing. C．Some of its beer is offered for limited time. D．It makes special flavour only for adventurers. 2．What do the three breweries have in common? A．Their beer is of poor quality. B．Their products are handmade. C．They provide hands-on experience. D．They don’t have webpages to advertise. 3．Where is probably the text from? A．A guidebook. B．A newspaper. C．A textbook. D．A website. 【答案速查】1．C 2．B 3．D 【语篇解读】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了美国三家最好的小型啤酒厂，包括它们的特点、特色和所提供的服务。 1．细节理解题。根据文章Firestone Walker Brewing Co.部分中的“Its true specialty lies in creating seasonal beers made annually and available only for a limited period of time. Apart from this, it also has a variety of other kinds of beer that are brewed all year round.(它真正的特色在于每年生产季节性啤酒，而且只在有限的时间内供应。除此之外，它还有各种其他种类的啤酒，全年酿造。)”可知，Firestone Walker Brewing Co.的独特之处在于它提供限时供应的啤酒。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies(新手) in the market—then this blog is going to give you exactly that.(如果你已经厌倦了喝同样的老啤酒，想要品尝一下由市场上的新手精心制作的真正的啤酒，那么这个博客就会给你这个。)”可知，这些啤酒是由新手们用心和真正的热情手工制作的。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies(新手) in the market—then this blog is going to give you exactly that.(如果你已经厌倦了喝同样的老啤酒，想要品尝一下由市场上的新手精心制作的真正的啤酒，那么这个博客就会给你这个。)”中的“this blog”可知，博客通常是发布在网站上，由此可以推断出这篇文章很可能来自一个网站。故选D。 ( 原句 "If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market—then this blog is going to give you exactly that." 译文 如果你厌倦了喝同样的啤酒，并且真的想尝尝由市场上的新手用心酿造的真正啤酒——那么这个博客将为你提供正是你所寻找的东西。 分析 这是一个由逗号和破折号连接的复合句。 条件句: If you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market, | +--[连词: If] +--[并列结构: you’re tired of drinking the same old beer and would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market] | +--[第一个分句: you’re tired of drinking the same old beer] +--[第二个分句: would actually like to have a taste of true beer that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market] | +--[定语从句: that’s been handcrafted with care and genuine passion by newbies in the market] 主句: then this blog is going to give you exactly that. ) ( 1. handcrafted /ˈhændˌkræftɪd/ adj. 手工制作的 2. passion /ˈpæʃən/ n. 热情 3. adventurer /ədˈvɛntʃərər/ n. 冒险者 4. innovative /ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/ adj. 创新的 5. visibility /ˌvɪzəˈbɪləti/ n. 知名度 6. presence /ˈprɛzəns/ n. 存在感 7. seasonal /ˈsizənəl/ adj. 季节性的 8. brewery /ˈbruəri/ n. 啤酒厂 9. tastebuds /ˈteɪstˌbʌdz/ n. 味蕾 10. architecture /ˈɑrkɪˌtɛktʃər/ n. 建筑 ) （二） （2024·湖北襄阳·三模）I used to be anorexic (厌食的). I was skeletal, each of my rib bones jutted out, like ridges on my body; my head, which looked abnormally huge, was barely supported by my backbone. It would take an hour for me to eat a spoon of food. Should I attempt to eat to please my parents or teachers, I would lock myself in the toilet and throw up the food. I looked pale and weak all the time because of the lack of food. My family members were distressed. They cried a lot. It all started when a boy in my class called me “fat” I was devastated. I adopted an extremely strict diet and exercise routine. I lost 10kg within three months and continued to lose more weight. I was absolutely obsessed about losing even more weight. One day, my heart rate dropped and I was breathless. I almost lost my life. That was when I decided to turn my life around. Looking good is extremely important to a teenager. We want to look a certain way so we can be popular and accepted. We are attracted by well-toned and sculpted bodies. Now, with social media, we have access to a pool of photographs of people, whose bodies and appearances we admire. Those images make us envious. We long to be like them. We're in danger when we start to hate the way we look and take drastic measures to attain the body we dream of having. These measures can lead to eating disorders, unrealistic and unhealthy exercise habits, low self-esteem and depression. Besides affecting the physical health, teenagers who are body conscious can also suffer from mental instability. They may plunge into despair, guilt and hopelessness if they are unable to keep up with their rigid exercise routines or eating habits. They can be emotionally fragile too. They become sensitive to comments made by others. They are ashamed of the way they look. If you are currently experiencing these feelings, seek help before itis too late. It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty, which will change with time. You are unique. 4．What can we infer about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．He developed a deadly disease. B．He was on an exceptionally strict diet. C．He was upset because of not achieving the goal. D．He was in bad condition due to food shortage. 5．Why did the author decide to turn his life around? A．To look good. B．To stay healthy. C．To satisfy his parents. D．To disappoint the boy. 6．What does the underlined word “drastic” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Extreme. B．Immediate. C．Temporary. D．Preventive. 7．What is the best title of this passage? A．Be unique. B．Seek beauty. C．Build your body. D．Accept your body. 【答案速查】4．B 5．B 6．A 7．D 【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者以自己的亲身经历讲述了厌食症对身体的危害，告诫人们要接纳自己的身体，不要盲目听从他人。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It would take an hour for me to eat a spoon of food. Should I attempt to eat to please my parents or teachers, I would lock myself in the toilet and throw up the food. I looked pale and weak all the time because of the lack of food.(我吃一勺食物要花一个小时。如果我试图吃东西来取悦我的父母或老师，我会把自己锁在厕所里，把食物吐出来。由于缺乏食物，我总是脸色苍白，身体虚弱)”和第三段中“I adopted an extremely strict diet and exercise routine.(我采取了极其严格的饮食和锻炼习惯)”可知，作者在严格节食，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“One day, my heart rate dropped and I was breathless. I almost lost my life. That was when I decided to turn my life around.(有一天，我的心率下降，我上气不接下气。我差点丢了命。从那时起，我决定改变我的生活)”可知，作者节食健康出现问题甚至丧命，所以才决心改变，故选B。 6．词义猜测题。第三段中“I adopted an extremely strict diet and exercise routine. I lost 10kg within three months and continued to lose more weight. I was absolutely obsessed about losing even more weight. One day, my heart rate dropped and I was breathless. I almost lost my life.(我采取了极其严格的饮食和锻炼习惯。我在三个月内减掉了10公斤，而且还在继续减重。我完全痴迷于减掉更多的体重。有一天，我的心率下降，我上气不接下气。我差点丢了命)”谈到作者自己极端节食并造成巨大危害的例子，由此推知划线词所在句意为“当我们开始讨厌自己的外表，并采取激烈的措施来获得我们梦想拥有的身体时，我们就处于危险之中”，drastic意为“极端的”，故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty, which will change with time. You are unique.(对自己的形象保持自信和积极是很重要的，不要遵从人造的美丽标准，这些标准会随着时间的推移而改变。你是独一无二的)”可知，作者根据自身节食的例子告诫人们要接受自己的身体，尤其是最后一段点出本文主旨，故选D。 ( 原句 "It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty, which will change with time." 译文 重要的是对你的形象感到自信和积极，不要盲从人为的美丽标准，因为这些标准会随时间而改变。 分析 It is important to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty, which will change with time. | +--[不定式短语: to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty] | +--[并列结构: to feel confident and positive about your image and not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty] | +--[第一个分句: to feel confident and positive about your image] +--[第二个分句: not subscribe to man-made standards of beauty] ) ( 1.anorexic /ˌænəˈrɛksɪk/ adj. 厌食的 2.skeletal /ˈskɛlɪtl/ adj. 骨瘦如柴的 3.jutted /ˈdʒʌtɪd/ v. 突出 4.abnormally /æbˈnɔrməli/ adv. 异常地 5.backbone /ˈbækˌboʊn/ n. 脊椎 6.distress /dɪˈstrɛs/ v. 使痛苦 7.devastated /ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd/ adj. 极为悲痛的 8.obsessed /əbˈsɛst/ adj. 痴迷的 9.breathless /ˈbrɛθlɪs/ adj. 气喘吁吁的 10.rigid /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ adj. 严格的 ) （三） （2024·福建漳州·模拟预测）It is very likely that you eat three meals a day. Modern life is designed around this way of eating. However, is this the healthiest way to eat? Before considering how frequently we should eat, scientists urge us to consider when we shouldn’t. Intermittent fasting (间歇性断食), where you restrict your food intake to an eight-hour window, has become a popular area of research. “It allows our digestive system to rest,” says Emily Manoogian at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Rozalyn Anderson at the University of Wisconsin explains, “Fasting puts the body in a different state, where it’s more ready to clear misfolded proteins.” Misfolded proteins are faulty versions of ordinary proteins, which have been associated with a number of diseases. But if intermittent fasting is a healthy way to eat, how many meals does this leave room for? Some experts argue that it is best to have one meal a day. Manoogian does not recommend doing this, since it can increase the level of glucose (葡萄糖) in our blood when we are not eating. Keeping blood glucose levels down requires eating more regularly than once a day, as this prevents the body from thinking that it is starving and releasing more glucose when you do eventually eat in response. Instead, she says, two to three meals a day is best — with most of your calories consumed earlier in the day.“ So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as fat.” But eating too early in the morning should be avoided, as this would not give you sufficient time to fast. This does not mean we should skip breakfast altogether, either, but some evidence suggests we should wait an hour or two after waking up before cracking open the eggs. Is intermittent fasting realistic? Manoogian thinks that it is best not to specify the best time to eat, as this can be difficult for people with responsibilities and irregular time commitments, such as those working night shifts. But whatever changes you make, researchers agree that consistency is crucial. 8．What can we know about intermittent fasting? A．It focuses on what to eat. B．It cures a number of diseases. C．It keeps the digestive system clean. D．It limits food intake to a fixed duration. 9．What does Manoogian agree with? A．Calories can be hardly consumed in the evening. B．Frequent meals bring about steady blood glucose. C．Two to three meals in the day reduces storage of fat. D．Early eating is recommended for intermittent fasting. 10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．How intermittent fasting is tested. B．Whether intermittent fasting is safe. C．How intermittent fasting is practiced. D．When people eat during intermittent fasting. 11．What’s the basic principle of intermittent fasting? A．Sticking to a routine. B．Defining a best meal time. C．Having regular working hours. D．Maintaining consistent menus. 【答案速查】8．D 9．C 10．C 11．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文主要讨论了间歇性禁食的饮食习惯，指出这种限制在8小时内摄入食物的方式可以让消化系统休息，有助于身体清除异常蛋白质。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Intermittent fasting (间歇性断食), where you restrict your food intake to an eight-hour window, has become a popular area of research.”（间歇性禁食，即将食物摄入量限制在8小时内，已经成为一个流行的研究领域。）可知，间歇性禁食将食物摄入限制在固定的时间内。故选D项。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, she says, two to three meals a day is best — with most of your calories consumed earlier in the day.“ So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as fat.”（相反，她说，一天吃两到三顿饭是最好的——你的大部分卡路里都是在一天的早些时候消耗的。“所以，你的身体可以全天使用你提供的能量，而不是以脂肪的形式储存在你的系统中。”）可推知，马诺基安同意一天吃两到三顿饭可以减少脂肪的储存。故选C项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“But if intermittent fasting is a healthy way to eat, how many meals does this leave room for?”（但是，如果间歇性禁食是一种健康的饮食方式，那么这还能为多少餐留出空间呢？）以及后面的内容可知，该段主要讲的是如何进行间歇性禁食。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Is intermittent fasting realistic? Manoogian thinks that it is best not to specify the best time to eat, as this can be difficult for people with responsibilities and irregular time commitments, such as those working night shifts. But whatever changes you make, researchers agree that consistency is crucial.”（间歇性禁食现实吗？马诺基安认为最好不要指定吃饭的最佳时间，因为这对那些有责任和不规律的时间承诺的人来说很难，比如那些上夜班的人。但无论你做出什么改变，研究人员一致认为，一致性至关重要。）可知，间歇性禁食的基本原则是坚持一个常规。故选A项。 ( 原句 "So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as fat." 译文 因此，你的身体可以在一天中利用你摄入的能量，而不是将其储存在体内作为脂肪。 分析 your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day | +--[宾语: the energy you feed it throughout the day] | +--[定语从句: you feed it throughout the day] rather than it being stored in your system as fat | +--[连词: rather than] ) ( 1. intermittent /ˌɪntərˈmɪtənt/ adj. 间歇的 2. fasting /ˈfæstɪŋ/ n. 断食 3. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ v. 限制 4. digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/ adj. 消化的 5. misfolded /ˌmɪsˈfoʊldɪd/ adj. 错误折叠的 6. proteins /ˈproʊtiːnz/ n. 蛋白质 7. glucose /ˈɡluːkoʊs/ n. 葡萄糖 8. calories /ˈkæləriːz/ n. 卡路里 9. consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ n. 一致性 10. commitments /kəˈmɪtmənts/ n. 承诺 ) （四） （2024·湖北·模拟预测）Orange chicken, sweet and sour pork, fried rice… Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese dishes that disappoint him. For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China, those cuisines are far from authentic, but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences. What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (扭曲). Quite a few Westerners recognize that particular type of fa re as the whole of Chinese cuisine. “They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine, about how it varies because people forget how big China is. It is a country that has deserts from one side, jungles and sea from the other side. Each area has its unique style of cooking.” he says. Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home. “Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture.” he says. Sometimes, his British friends would join to help. “And quite often, they were shocked by the diversity of Chinese cuisine. They’ve had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today. “So, I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.” Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into cooking. At the time, the videos centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture, including movies, snacks, restaurants and more. Looking ahead, Burns has some plans in mind. “I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on TV. Also, I would love to have my. own restaurant in the future. That’s definitely going to happen.” 12．When did Max Burns return to Brighton, England according to the text? A．Aged 13. B．Aged 14. C．Aged 16. D．Aged 21. 13．How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisines? A．Treat them to Chinese dishes. B．Write reports on Chinese cuisines. C．Cook Chinese dishes for them in person. D．Display authentic Chinese cuisines on. 14．What is paragraph 5 of the text mainly about? A．Burns’s ambitions. B．Burns’s achievements. C．Burns’s adventures. D．Burns’s subscribers. 15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Influencer Develops a Taste for Chinese Cuisine. B．Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change. C．Chinese Cuisines Have to Cater to Westerners. D．Chinese Cuisines Have Been Around the World. 【答案速查】12．B 13．D 14．B 15．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述一些中国菜肴为了迎合西方人的喜好变得远非正宗，一个在中国生活了13年的21岁英国年轻人伯恩斯对此颇感沮丧，于是他通过视频（拍摄并上传）展示在家里做的中国菜的丰富美味，迅速改变了一些人对中国菜肴的误解。 12．细节理解题。由第一段第二句 “For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China”（对于一个21岁的英国年轻人来说，他在中国度过了头13年的人生）和第六段第一句“Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing”（有趣的是，2016年从北京搬回英国布莱顿后，伯恩斯第一次开始发视频）可知，伯恩斯头13年的人生是在中国度过的，说明他14岁回到了英国的布莱顿。故选B项。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段“Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home.”（Burns试图通过在家制作中国菜的视频博客来展示中国菜的丰富多样）可知Max Burns是通过在视频博客上展示真正的中国菜来改变人们对中国菜的错误认知的。故选D。 14．主旨大意题。根据第五段“So, I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.”（所以，我可以肯定地说，我改变了一些人对中餐的看法。）可知，第五段主要讲了伯恩斯的成就。故选B项。 15．主旨大意题。本文讲述一些中国菜肴为了迎合西方人的喜好变得远非正宗，一个在中国生活了13年的21岁英国年轻人伯恩斯对此颇感沮丧，于是他通过视频（拍摄并上传）展示在家里做的中国菜的丰富美味，迅速改变了一些人对中国菜肴的误解。所以短文的标题为“网红提升了（众人）对中国菜肴的鉴赏力”。故选A项。 ( 原句 "Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into cooking." 译文 有趣的是，当 Burns 在 2016 年刚从北京搬回英国布莱顿并开始做视频博客时，他认为在家模仿中餐是一个“愚蠢的想法”，因为他对烹饪从来不是特别感兴趣。 分析 主句: copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea” | +--[主语: copying Chinese food at home] 原因状语从句: because he was never super into cooking 时间状语从句: when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing | +--[动名词短语: vlogging] +--[时间状语: in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing] ) ( 1. authentic /ɔːˈθɛntɪk/ adj. 真正的 2. cater /ˈkeɪtər/ v. 迎合 3. skewed /skjuːd/ adj. 歪曲的 4. extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/ n. 范围 5. var y /ˈvɛriz/ v. 变化 6. accessible /ækˈsɛsɪbəl/ adj. 易接近的 7. diversity /daɪˈvɜrsɪti/ n. 多样性 8. influencer /ˈɪnfluənsər/ n. 影响者 9. subscribers /səbˈskraɪbərz/ n. 订阅者 10. ambition /æmˈbɪʃən/ n. 志向 ， 野心 ) （五） （2024·福建龙岩·三模）Self-care has become something of a buzzword that is used a lot. However, self-care as a daily practice goes beyond spa days and yoga classes. 16 Regular exercise Yes, it’s important to listen to your body and take rest days. However, don’t let every day become a rest day! It’s important to push yourself to exercise on a regular basis, as this brings with it both physical and mental benefits. If you’re feeling too tired and just don’t want to do it, remember that doing exercise can give you an energy boost. 17 Financial planning Money matters can be a significant source of stress and anxiety, but practising financial self-care through planning can help to remove this burden. Creating a budget and sticking to it can empower you to take control of your financial wellbeing. 18 It provides stability and reducing stress in the long run. Routine maintenance From doing the dishes to tackling laundry piles, routine maintenance tasks are the unsung heroes of self-care. While these chores may seem ordinary, completing them can have a profound impact on our mental and emotional state. Engaging in routine maintenance tasks is a form of self-respect. 19 Embracing these tasks as acts of self-care transforms them from burden so me chores into opportunities for nurturing our wellbeing. Establishing a sleeping routine 20 However, adequate sleep is non-negotiable when it comes to self-care. Quality sleep boosts cognitive function, regulates mood, and strengthens the immune system. Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends (红利) in every aspect of our lives, from productivity to emotional resilience(恢复). A．So do the exercise, and let the energy come after! B．Financial self-care is an investment in your future self. C．The best exercise is the exercise that you actually do! D．If you notice a chore that needs doing, do it straight away. E．The following habits will make you feel better in the long-run! F．In a world that highlights productivity and culture, sleep is often sacrificed. G．It involves caring for our living space and, by extension, ourselves. 【答案速查】16．E 17．A 18．B 19．G 20．F 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些保持健康的好习惯。 16．根据上文“Self-care has become something of a buzzword that is used a lot. However, self-care as a daily practice goes beyond spa days and yoga classes.(自我照顾已经成为一个经常使用的流行词。然而，自我护理作为一种日常做法，不仅仅是水疗日和瑜伽课)”结合后文列举了一些锻炼的习惯，故E选项“从长远来看，以下的习惯会让你感觉更好！”符合语境，故选E。 17．根据上文“It’s important to push yourself to exercise on a regular basis, as this brings with it both physical and mental benefits. If you’re feeling too tired and just don’t want to do it, remember that doing exercise can give you an energy boost.(强迫自己定期锻炼是很重要的，因为这对身体和精神都有好处。如果你感觉太累了，不想做运动，记住做运动可以让你精力充沛)”可知，上文提到了运动可以让人精力充沛，本句为本段最后一句，故建议人们去运动，与上文构成故因果关系。故A选项“所以，做运动吧，让精力随之而来！”符合语境，故选A。 18．根据上文“Creating a budget and sticking to it can empower you to take control of your financial wellbeing. (制定预算并坚持执行预算可以让你掌控自己的财务状况)”以及后文“It provides stability and reducing stress in the long run.(从长远来看，它提供了稳定性和减少压力)”可知，上文提到了建议制定预算，后文指出预算的好处，故B选项“财务自我关爱是对未来自我的投资”也表示好处，符合语境，故选B。 19．根据上文“Engaging in routine maintenance tasks is a form of self-respect.(参与日常维护任务是自重的一种形式)”可知，本句承接上文，对日常维护任务展开说明。故G选项“它包括照顾我们的生活空间，进而照顾我们自己”符合语境，故选G。 20．根据后文“However, adequate sleep is non-negotiable when it comes to self-care. Quality sleep boosts cognitive function, regulates mood, and strengthens the immune system. Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends (红利) in every aspect of our lives, from productivity to emotional resilience(恢复).(然而，在自我保健方面，充足的睡眠是不容置疑的。高质量的睡眠能提高认知功能，调节情绪，增强免疫系统。优先考虑睡眠是一种自重的行为，它在我们生活的方方面面都有好处，从生产力到情绪弹性)”可知，后文与本句构成转折关系，后文指出了睡眠的重要性，推测本句说明睡着不足的情况。故F选项“在一个强调生产力和文化的世界里，睡眠经常被牺牲”符合语境，故选F。 ( 原句 "Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends (红利) in every aspect of our lives, from productivity to emotional resilience(恢复)." 译文 优先考虑睡眠是一种自尊的行为，它在我们生活的各个方面都能带来红利，从生产力到情感恢复。 分析 主句: Prioritizing sleep is an act of self-respect that pays dividends in every aspect of our lives | +--[定语从句: that pays dividends in every aspect of our lives] 介词短语: from productivity to emotional resilience ) ( 1. buzzword /ˈbʌzwɜrd/ n. 流行词 2. practice /ˈpræktɪs/ n. 练习，实践 3. benefits /ˈbɛnɪfɪts/ n. 益处 4. financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ adj. 金融的，财务的 5. burden /ˈbɜrdən/ n. 负担 6. empower /ɪmˈpaʊər/ v. 授权，给予力量 7. stability /stəˈbɪləti/ n. 稳定 8. routine /ruˈtin/ n. 常规 9. cognitive /ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv/ adj. 认知的 10. resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n. 恢复力 ) （六） （2024·山东济南·三模）Orange chicken, salt and pepper chips, fried rice... Max Burns lists several typical Western-style Chinese dishes that 21 him. For Burns who spent his childhood in China, those cuisines are far from 22 . They are invented to satisfy Western preferences. Actually, many Westerners regard that particular type of 23 as the whole of Chinese cuisine. The average Westerners are not as 24 and educated as they could be. That is why he tries to show Chinese food by vlogging (视频博客) about 25 Chinese dishes at home. The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an 26 with over three million subscribers worldwide today and helped 27 some people’s ideas about Chinese food. His friends told him they were shocked by the 28 of Chinese cuisine and it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine. 29 , when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 after returning to England, cooking Chinese food at home was a then “ 30 idea”, because he was never into cooking. At the time, the 31 centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture. However, during COVID-19 when Burns couldn’t 32 outside, he had to learn to cook. “Then I instantly fell in love,” he 33 . “The more I learned about Chinese cooking, the more I got into it.” The cooking journey also serves to maintain his 34 with China, even though he has left China for years. Burns 35 the experiences of living in China, enabling him to teach about Chinese cuisine and build a cross-cultural bridge between the East and the West. 21．A．attract B．disappoint C．puzzle D．scare 22．A．nutritious B．simple C．genuine D．organic 23．A．material B．dessert C．restaurant D．fare 24．A．motivated B．treated C．informed D．recognized 25．A．making B．ordering C．serving D．ranking 26．A．influencer B．amateur C．employer D．organizer 27．A．consider B．assess C．overlook D．shift 28．A．diversity B．significance C．popularity D．impact 29．A．Consequently B．Interestingly C．Ultimately D．Obviously 30．A．negative B．practical C．stupid D．brilliant 31．A．courses B．surveys C．tests D．videos 32．A．dine B．film C．exercise D．work 33．A．defends B．recalls C．comments D．responds 34．A．business B．argument C．difference D．connection 35．A．imagines B．evaluates C．appreciates D．describes 【答案速查】 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．C 25．A 26．A 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C 【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述马克斯·伯恩斯（Max Burns）利用视频博客来推广中国菜的故事。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：桔子鸡，椒盐片，炒饭…马克斯·伯恩斯列举了几道令他失望的典型西式中餐。A. attract吸引；B. disappoint使失望；C. puzzle使困惑；D. scare使害怕。根据下文“They are invented to satisfy Western preferences.”可知，这些食物并不是正宗的中国美食，所以应该是让伯恩斯感到失望。故选B。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于在中国度过童年的伯恩斯来说，这些美食远非正宗。A. nutritious有营养的；B. simple简单的；C. genuine真正的；D. organic有机的。根据下文“They are invented to satisfy Western preferences.”可知，这些食物并不是正宗的中国美食。故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，许多西方人把这种特殊的食物视为中国菜的整体。A. material材料；B. dessert甜品；C. restaurant餐厅；D. fare饭菜。根据下文“as the whole of Chinese cuisine”可知，这里指中国的饭菜。故选D。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般西方人没有得到应有的知识和教育。A. motivated有动机的；B. treated被款待的；C. informed见多识广的；D. recognized被认可的。根据下文“That is why he tries to show Chinese food by vlogging (视频博客) about 　　5　　 Chinese dishes at home.”可知，伯恩斯在家录做菜的视频的原因应该是西方人对这些不了解。故选C。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么他试图通过视频记录在家做中国菜来展示中国菜。A. making制作；B. ordering命令；C. serving服务；D. ranking排名。根据下文“cooking Chinese food at home”可知，伯恩斯是在家自己录做菜的视频。故选A。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场美食冒险帮助伯恩斯成长为一名有影响力的人，如今在全球拥有超过300万订阅者，并帮助改变了一些人对中国美食的看法。A. influencer有影响的人；B. amateur业余；C. employer雇主；D. organizer组织者。根据下文“with over three million subscribers worldwide today”可知，伯恩斯在全球拥有超过300万订阅者，所以他应该是一名有影响力的人。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. consider考虑；B. assess评价；C. overlook高估；D. shift转换，改变。根据下文“His friends told him they were shocked by the 　　8　　 of Chinese cuisine”可知，伯恩斯改变了一些人对中国美食的看法。故选D。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的朋友告诉他，他们对中国菜的多样性感到震惊，花了很长时间才弄清楚中国菜的种类。A. diversity多样；B. significance意义；C. popularity受欢迎；D. impact影响。根据下文“it took them a long time to figure out categories of Chinese cuisine.”可知，这里说明中国菜的种类很多。故选A。 29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，当伯恩斯回到英国后于2016年首次开始视频博客时，在家烹饪中餐在当时是一个“愚蠢的想法”，因为他从来都不喜欢烹饪。A. Consequently因此；B. Interestingly有趣地；C. Ultimately最后；D. Obviously明显地。根据下文“when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 after returning to England, cooking Chinese food at home was a then “　　10　　 idea”, because he was never into cooking.”可知，这是举了一个有趣的例子。故选B。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A. negative消极的；B. practical实际的；C. stupid愚蠢的；D. brilliant优秀的。根据下文“because he was never into cooking.”可知，对于不喜欢烹饪的人来说，在家烹饪中餐在当时应该是一个“愚蠢的想法”。故选C。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，这些视频更多地集中在解释中国文化的各个方面。A. courses课程；B. surveys调查；C. tests测试；D. videos视频。根据上文vlogging”可知，这里指伯恩斯在家开视频做中国菜的事情。故选D。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在新冠肺炎期间，当伯恩斯不能在外面吃饭时，他不得不学会做饭。A. dine吃饭；B. film拍电影；C. exercise锻炼；D. work工作。根据上文“during COVID-19”可知，在疫情期间应该是不能到外面吃饭了。故选A。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“然后我立刻坠入爱河，”他回忆道。A. defends防卫；B. recalls回忆；C. comments评论；D. responds回复。根据上文“Then I instantly fell in love”可知，这是伯恩斯回忆疫情的事情。故选B。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：烹饪之旅也有助于保持他与中国的联系，尽管他已经离开中国多年了。A. business生意；B. argument争论；C. difference不同；D. connection联系。根据下文“even though he has left China for years.”可知，这里指尽管伯恩斯已经离开中国多年了，但是烹饪之旅也有助于保持他与中国的联系。故选D。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：伯恩斯很感激在中国生活的经历，这使他能够教授中国美食，并在东西方之间架起跨文化的桥梁。A. imagines想象；B. evaluates评估；C. appreciates感激；D. describes描述。根据下文“enabling him to teach about Chinese cuisine and build a cross-cultural bridge between the East and the West.”可知，这里应该是指伯恩斯很感激在中国生活的经历。故选C。 ( 1. preference /ˈprɛfərəns/ n. 偏好 2. cuisine /kwɪˈzin/ n. 菜肴，烹饪 3. educate /ˈɛdʒəˌkeɪt/ v. 教育 4. vlog /vlɒɡ/ v. 拍摄并上传视频博客 5. subscriber /səbˈskraɪbər/ n. 订阅者 6. diversity /daɪˈvɜrsɪti/ n. 多样性 7. aspect /ˈæspɛkt/ n. 方面 8. inform /ɪnˈfɔrm/ v. 通知，使了解 9. connection /kəˈnɛkʃən/ n. 连接，联系 10. appreciate /əˈpriʃiˌeɪt/ v. 感激，欣赏 ) （一） （2023·全国乙卷A篇·高考真题）PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians. C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine. 2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners? A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials. C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education. 3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian. C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler. 【答案速查】1．C 2．A 3．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。 1．细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (她出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术)”以及第二部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813 (她获得了做外科医生的资格)”和“Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. (Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业)”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。故选C。 2．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第三部分中的“Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. (Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活)”可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。 3．细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。 （二） （2023·全国乙卷C篇·高考真题）What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 4．What do people usually think of British food? A．It is simple and plain. B．It is rich in nutrition. C．It lacks authentic tastes. D．It deserves a high reputation. 5．Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A．Authoritative. B．Creative. C．Profitable. D．Influential. 6．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A．20%. B．24%. C．25%. D．33%. 7．What might the author continue talking about? A．The art of cooking in other countries. B．Male chefs on TV programmes. C．Table manners in the UK. D．Studies of big eaters. 【答案速查】4．A 5．D 6．D 7．B 【语篇解读】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。 （三） （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 8 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 9 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 10 Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 11 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings. 12 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight. A．Eat properly throughout the day. B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E．Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F．For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 【答案速查】8．F 9．C 10．E 11．B 12．A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了，在饮食上注意节制及其如何节制的方法。 8．上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在吃的少。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。 9．根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“不要在上班的路上急忙吃下一顿饭。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。 10．上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。 11．根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。 12．设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 — 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“全天合理饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。 Task 1 本专题的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“生活与学习”，与学生们的日常生活和学习密切相关，旨在帮助学生们认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ 思维导图参考 高考真题演练（三）2024·全国甲卷七选五 Task 2 （2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）假定你是李华，你们学校这学期开设了烹饪课程，指导学生制作传统中式菜肴，请向英文校报Student Forum栏目投稿，内容包括： 1. 上课感受； 2. 课程介绍； 3. 改进建议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Exploring Traditional Chinese Cuisine in the School Kitchen ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 【范文】 Exploring Traditional Chinese Cuisine in the School Kitchen Last semester, I had the precious opportunity to attend our school’s cooking course, where I acquired some cooking skills and fostered a deeper appreciation for traditional Chinese cuisine and culture. The course covered a wide range of topics, from basic knife skills to the preparations of classic dishes like dumplings and Kung Pao chicken. Classes were conducted in a hands-on manner, with the instructor guiding us step by step while encouraging us to experiment and innovate. To enhance the course, we are expecting more regional dishes on the menu. A digital platform is also desired for sharing post-class recipes, photos and experiences. 【解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校这学期开设了烹饪课程，指导学生制作传统中式菜肴，要求考生按照要求向英文校报Student Forum栏目投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 宝贵的：precious→ valuable 机会：opportunity→ chance 获得：acquire→ obtain 促进：foster→ promote 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Classes were conducted in a hands-on manner, with the instructor guiding us step by step while encouraging us to experiment and innovate. 拓展句：Classes were conducted in a hands-on manner, in which the instructor guided us step by step while encouraging us to experiment and innovate. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last semester, I had the precious opportunity to attend our school’s cooking course, where I acquired some cooking skills and fostered a deeper appreciation for traditional Chinese cuisine and culture.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】To enhance the course, we are expecting more regional dishes on the menu.（运用了不定式To enhance作目的状语） ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$