第03讲 课文初探+说明文（研究类）学案-2024-2025学年初升高衔接英语课程

第03讲 课文初探+题型衔接（说明文-研究类） 一、听见课文 THE FRESHMAN CHALLENGE Hi! My name is Adam and I'm a (fresh) at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big . The first week was a little (confuse). First，I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be (fluency) when I graduate. My adviser (recommendation) that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it. I had to choose extra­curricular activities, too. I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough. (obvious), I was unhappy, but I won't . I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. I joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and food to (home) people in the community. I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being (response) for a lot more. I'm a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my (advance) course, and it'll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. Still, I'm happy to be here. Studying hard isn't always fun, but I'll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. 词汇及短语归纳总结 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①freshman n. (大学或高中)一年级新生 ②challenge n. 挑战；艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑；向……挑战 ③confusing adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的 confuse vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑 confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的 ④take... course 修……课程 ⑤fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的；熟练的 ⑥graduate vi. & vt. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生 ⑦recommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍 ⑧sign up (for sth.) 报名(参加课程) ⑨advanced literature 高级文学 ⑩be good at 擅长于 ⑪extra­curricular adj. 课外的；课程以外的 extra adj. 额外的；附加的 ⑫obviously adv. 显然；明显地 ⑬quit vi. & vt. (quit, quit，quitting)停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等) ⑭improve vi. & vt. 改进；改善 ⑮on one's own 独自(完成某事) ⑯make the team 成为队员， 此处make意为“(尽力)达到， (尽力)成为” ⑰soup kitchen(救济穷人的)施粥场 ⑱hand out 分发；给予 ⑲get used to...习惯于……，to为介词 ⑳responsible adj.负责的；有责任的 be responsible for 对……负责 keep up with跟上， 不落在……后面 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、题型初识 1、从说明文(研究类)说起 Passage A New research studying 20 years of ocean information has found that our oceans have changed the color. This also means a great change in the ecosystems(生态系统) of the oceans that is likely caused by human activities. For tens of years, satellites(卫星) have been watching the color of Earth's oceans and collecting information on the color of light reflecting(反射) off the water. Especially one of the satellites, the Aqua satellite has recently completed 20 years of collecting high-quality global ocean-color information. A new study has examined this information and found changes in ocean color over the past 20 years that cannot be explained by natural, year-to-year variability(可变性）alone. 1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The purpose of the study. B. The writers of the study. C. The process of the study. D. The advantages of the study. Passage B Something strange is happening to the Antarctica(南极洲）.Sea ice in the area fell to a record low in 2023. The drop is a result of rising temperatures all over the world. And there is no method to make up for the harmful result, researchers said recently in a new study. In 2022, the minimum(最小的) summer ice cover in Antarctica dropped to less than 2 million square kilometers for the first time since 1978.It fell further to a new low in February 2023. The sea ice minimum in 2023 is 20 percent lower than the average over the last 40 years. This means an area nearly 10times the size of New Zealand has been lost. 2. How is Paragraph 2 organized? A. By telling a story. B. By asking questions. C. By giving an example. D. By listing numbers. Passage C Scientists dug up the fossil（化石）of a bird-like dinosaur in the Fujian area and they named it Fujianvenator prodigiosus(奇异福建龙).It's said that the dinosaur lived during the Jurassic period. The researchers say the new finding provides more information about how birds evolved(进化). 3. What may the fossil help researchers know? A. How dinosaurs disappeared on Earth. B. How birds developed gradually. C. What bird-like dinosaurs fed on. D. What might be the oldest bird. 2、题型讲解 1. 研究类说明文定义 研究类说明文是一种基于特定研究的文章，它向读者介绍研究的背景、对象、方法、结果，以及这些研究成果对我们日常生活的实际指导意义。这类文章的结论有时会挑战或更新公众的既有认知。 2. 解题策略 a) 关注点：文章的开头、结尾、主题和作者的态度。 b) 关键词：the study, research shows/suggests/found, According to the study, A new study has found... 3. 重点句讲解 a) 首段：通常提出研究对象和中心论点，需仔细理解。 b) 尾段：可能包含文章的升华和主旨，应重点掌握。 c) 转折句：转折词后的内容往往是重点，如but, however。 d) 首句：常作为段落的小标题，概括段落中心。 e) 解释说明符号：破折号和冒号后的文句有助于理解难懂的中心句。 f) 强调句：包括特定的强调句型、定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。 g) 最高级：虽不常见，但出现时可用于解题。 h) 尾句：可能总结段落或承上启下，需重点理解。 i) 结论句：通常位于段落末尾或文章结尾。 4. 非重点句 a) 例证：如for example, such as, like后的内容。 b) 让步从句：由though, although, while引导。 c) 数据和陈述性语言：大量引用的数据和描述性陈述。 d) According to之后的前半句：通常不是重点。 e) 人物描述：对人物头衔、身份的描述性语言。 3、同频练习 Passage A Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes. 1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye? A．To replace people’s real eyeballs. B．To gain a sharper vision. C．To help the blind regain their eyesight. D．To help normal eyes perform better. Passage B Soap (肥皂) might seem like a reasonable way to avoid mosquito bites (蚊子叮) on the basis that if mosquitoes can’t smell you, they can’t bite you. However, a recent study has found that rather than protecting you, certain soaps might actually make you more attractive to mosquitoes. 2. What has the study found? A．Soap attracts many mosquitoes. B．Male mosquitoes feed on blood. C．Some plants drive away mosquitoes. D．Not all soap can stop mosquito bites. Passage C Developed by a team of WSU researchers, the robots’ tininess largely relies on a material known as a shape memory alloy (合金). Although shape memory alloys change form when heated, they can “remember” their original shapes and return to them after cooling. Because of this, the two micro-robots do not require standard motors, and they use light and small ones instead of bulky moving parts. 3. What does the underlined word “bulky” mean in paragraph 2? A．Cheap. B．Huge. C．Cool D．Fast. Passage D According to the standard, my husband’s body mass index (BMI身体质量指数) is too high. Yet he is the fittest person I know—an athlete carrying plenty of muscle and very little fat. There lies the problem with BMI. A recent study showed how imprecise BMI can be. Yftach Gepner, a professor at Tel Aviv University, looked at data about 3, 000 Israeli men and women. About one third of those with normal BMI were found to be obese (肥胖的) when their actual body fat was measured. And a third of those who were overweight by their BMI had actually normal amounts of body fat. Not only does BMI fail to distinguish between muscle and fat, but it says nothing about where fat sits in your body. With fat, as with real estate (房地产) , location matters. Abdominal fat (腹部脂肪) carries higher risk, as does fat around vital organs. A 2018 study looked at MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描) —the gold standard for body-composition research—collected by the U. K. Biobank. The results showed that people with fat concentrated in their abdomen had higher risk of heart disease than people with the same BMI and of the same age whose fat was spread through other parts of their body. A further problem is that BMI is based on height and weight tables using data from Non-Hispanic white people, who usually have higher body fat than Hispanic white people with the same BMI. Yet researchers now know that race, sex and age affect body composition and health risks differently. For instance, Black people tend to have greater muscle mass and thus may not be considered as obese on the basis of BMI. The opposite is true for Asians, who tend to have more body fat at lower BMIs, so their actual disease risks may be missed. Although BMI has value for evaluating obesity, better methods exist for individuals. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, using electric signals to distinguish fat from muscle, is becoming more common in medical offices. DEXA scans, a type of X-ray imaging, tend to be more efficient yet more costly. With so many options available, no one, including health-care workers, should give BMI too much weight. 1．Why does the author present her husband’s example? A．To prove the accuracy of BMI. B．To present the problems of BMI. C．To introduce the popularity of BMI. D．To raise doubts about the recent study. 2．What does the underlined sentence “With fat, as with real estate, location matters” suggest in Paragraph 3? A．With higher fat comes higher risk. B．BMI can tell where fat is located. C．Abdominal fat carries the highest risk. D．Where the fat sits is related to health risks. 3．For those with the same BMI, who might have the highest risk of diseases? A．Hispanic white people. B．Asians. C．Non-Hispanic white people. D．Black people. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards BMI? A．Concerned. B．Approving. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 【第一组】 1．Why won't the man join the basketball team this year? A．He wants to have more time to relax. B．He wants to try something new. C．He didn't do well in the team. 2．What does the woman want to do? A. Join a dancing club. B．Play a sport. C．Have more time to rest. 3．What does the woman think of music? A．It's good for us. B．It's not interesting. C．It's useful. 4．Which club will the man probably join? A．The music club. B．The dance club. C．The cooking club. 【第二组】 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．How will the woman get to the airport? A．By bus. B．By taxi. C．By car. 2．What's the man's plan for tonight? A．To go out for dinner. B．To write a work report. C．To cook some chicken. 3．What's the most probable relationship between the speakers? A．Classmates. B．Workmates. C．Teacher and student. 4．How does the woman most probably feel now? A．Relaxed. B．Surprised. C．Worried. 5．What are the speakers most probably talking about? A．A book. B．A newspaper. C．An experience. 2、阅读练习 Passage A It seems there’s nowhere left to run from the microplastic (微塑料的) pollution. A small pilot study recently took microplastics from one of Europe’s most distant places, the French Pyrenees mountains, and found as many microplastics in the soil as you might expect from a big city like Paris. The reason? The wind. Researchers now fear that our planet’s winds can pick up microplastics from about anywhere and transport them around the world, sometimes in large quantities. “We’d kind of expected it in a city getting blown around,” said Steve Allen from the University of Strathclyde in the UK, one member of the team. “But way up there? We expected to find some,” he said. “We didn’t expect to find so many.” Microplastics are pieces smaller than a fifth of an inch that have broken down from larger pieces of plastic. The forces of nature don’t distinguish (区分) between materials like stones and rocks, and plastics. Wind and waves hit plastics and break them down just the same, making them into dust that can then get swept up by the gentle wind and into the atmosphere. It’s a continuing environmental concern, as more and more microplastics find their way into our food and air. The fact that microplastics can be found in large numbers even in distant places is a sign that is has become a global pollution problem. Steve Allen and his team set up collectors 4,500 feet up in the mountains for five months to trap plastic particles (粒子) as they fell to the Earth. The team found that an average of 365 plastic particles fell on their square meter collector daily. This included bits from plastic bags, plastic film and packaging material, among other plastic sources. Many of these materials were small enough to be breathed in without even realizing it. They’re in the air, and they’re everywhere. 1．What did Steve Allen think of the finding? A．Interesting. B．Boring. C．Surprising. D．Disappointing. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．How the microplastics come into being. B．How the wind spreads the microplastics. C．How the microplastic pollution appears. D．How the wind makes the pollution serious. 3．What do we know about the plastic particles? A．It is difficult to collect them. B．They all come from big cities. C．They are part of the air we breathe. D．It is impossible to know their source. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Plastics have been found in the distant areas. B．Plastics are proved to do great harm to the soil. C．The microplastic pollution is worse in big cities. D．Wind is carrying microplastics around the world. Passage B Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you — recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent (长久的，永久的) online connectivity lengthens working hours and can make it harder to switch off from the demands of friends· and family. Recent researches suggest that the cure for our lack of time may lie in the natural world which may change how we experience time. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to perceive (感知) a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed but also our sense of the future. Spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us prioritise (优先处理) our actions to meet our long-term goals rather than living in a state of “just about keeping our head above water”. Getting out into nature may sound like a simple fix, but for many people, particularly those living in urban areas, nature can be hard to access. Green infrastructure such as trees and parks in and around cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone. 5．What does the underlined word “exacerbated”  in paragraph 2 mean? A．Changed. B．Reflected. C．Worsened. D．Controlled. 6．How does nature change our sense of the future?. A．By changing our focus. B．By promoting immediate actions. C．By releasing our stress. D．By reducing the demands on time. 7．According to the author, what is a solution to our lack of time? A．Move to the countryside. B．Decrease online connectivity. C．Get into green space in urban areas. D．Learn to refuse the unreasonable demands. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．Researches reveal our poverty of time in nature. B．Being in nature can change our perception of time. C．Exploring nature will bring great benefits to people. D．People tend to lead a green life in modern urban areas. $$nullnullnull第03讲 课文初探+题型衔接（说明文-研究类） 一、听见课文 THE FRESHMAN CHALLENGE Hi! My name is Adam and I'm a (fresh) at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big . The first week was a little (confuse). First，I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be (fluency) when I graduate. My adviser (recommendation) that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I'm good at it. I had to choose extra­curricular activities, too. I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough. (obvious), I was unhappy, but I won't . I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. I joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and food to (home) people in the community. I know I'll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being (response) for a lot more. I'm a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my (advance) course, and it'll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. Still, I'm happy to be here. Studying hard isn't always fun, but I'll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. 词汇及短语归纳总结 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①freshman n. (大学或高中)一年级新生 ②challenge n. 挑战；艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑；向……挑战 ③confusing adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的 confuse vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑 confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的 ④take... course 修……课程 ⑤fluent adj. (尤指外语)流利的；熟练的 ⑥graduate vi. & vt. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生 ⑦recommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍 ⑧sign up (for sth.) 报名(参加课程) ⑨advanced literature 高级文学 ⑩be good at 擅长于 ⑪extra­curricular adj. 课外的；课程以外的 extra adj. 额外的；附加的 ⑫obviously adv. 显然；明显地 ⑬quit vi. & vt. (quit, quit，quitting)停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等) ⑭improve vi. & vt. 改进；改善 ⑮on one's own 独自(完成某事) ⑯make the team 成为队员， 此处make意为“(尽力)达到， (尽力)成为” ⑰soup kitchen(救济穷人的)施粥场 ⑱hand out 分发；给予 ⑲get used to...习惯于……，to为介词 ⑳responsible adj.负责的；有责任的 be responsible for 对……负责 keep up with跟上， 不落在……后面 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、题型初识 1、从说明文(研究类)说起 Passage A New research studying 20 years of ocean information has found that our oceans have changed the color. This also means a great change in the ecosystems(生态系统) of the oceans that is likely caused by human activities. For tens of years, satellites(卫星) have been watching the color of Earth's oceans and collecting information on the color of light reflecting(反射) off the water. Especially one of the satellites, the Aqua satellite has recently completed 20 years of collecting high-quality global ocean-color information. A new study has examined this information and found changes in ocean color over the past 20 years that cannot be explained by natural,year-to-year variability(可变性）alone. 1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The purpose of the study. B. The writers of the study. C. The process of the study. D. The advantages of the study. 参考答案： 1. C 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，本段主要介绍了科学家利用卫星观测海洋颜色的变化、收集信息并进行分析研究的过程。由此可知，第二段主要介绍的是研究的过程。 Passage B Something strange is happening to the Antarctica(南极洲）.Sea ice in the area fell to a record low in 2023. The drop is a result of rising temperatures all over the world. And there is no method to make up for the harmful result,researchers said recently in a new study. In 2022, the minimum(最小的) summer ice cover in Antarctica dropped to less than 2 million square kilometers for the first time since 1978.It fell further to a new low in February 2023. The sea ice minimum in 2023 is 20 percent lower than the average over the last 40 years. This means an area nearly 10times the size of New Zealand has been lost. 2. How is Paragraph 2 organized? A. By telling a story. B. By asking questions. C. By giving an example. D. By listing numbers. 参考答案： 2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“less than 2 million square kilometers""20 percent lower than the average”和“nearly 10 times the size of NewZealand”可推知，本段主要通过列数字的方法说明了南极夏季冰盖和海冰的变化。 Passage C Scientists dug up the fossil（化石）of a bird-like dinosaur in the Fujian area and they named it Fujianvenator prodigiosus(奇异福建龙).It's said that the dinosaur lived during the Jurassic period. The researchers say the new finding provides more information about how birds evolved(进化). 3. What may the fossil help researchers know? A. How dinosaurs disappeared on Earth. B. How birds developed gradually. C. What bird-like dinosaurs fed on. D. What might be the oldest bird. 参考答案： 3. B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The researchers say the new finding provides moreinformation about how birds evolved.”可知，研究人员说，这一新发现为鸟类的进化提供了更多信息。由此可知，这块化石的发现可以帮研究人员更好地了解鸟类是如何进化的。 2、题型讲解 1. 研究类说明文定义 研究类说明文是一种基于特定研究的文章，它向读者介绍研究的背景、对象、方法、结果，以及这些研究成果对我们日常生活的实际指导意义。这类文章的结论有时会挑战或更新公众的既有认知。 2. 解题策略 a) 关注点：文章的开头、结尾、主题和作者的态度。 b) 关键词：the study, research shows/suggests/found, According to the study, A new study has found... 3. 重点句讲解 a) 首段：通常提出研究对象和中心论点，需仔细理解。 b) 尾段：可能包含文章的升华和主旨，应重点掌握。 c) 转折句：转折词后的内容往往是重点，如but, however。 d) 首句：常作为段落的小标题，概括段落中心。 e) 解释说明符号：破折号和冒号后的文句有助于理解难懂的中心句。 f) 强调句：包括特定的强调句型、定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。 g) 最高级：虽不常见，但出现时可用于解题。 h) 尾句：可能总结段落或承上启下，需重点理解。 i) 结论句：通常位于段落末尾或文章结尾。 4. 非重点句 a) 例证：如for example, such as, like后的内容。 b) 让步从句：由though, although, while引导。 c) 数据和陈述性语言：大量引用的数据和描述性陈述。 d) According to之后的前半句：通常不是重点。 e) 人物描述：对人物头衔、身份的描述性语言。 3、同频练习 Passage A Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently. The device, which is about as sensitive to light and has sharper vision and a faster reaction time than a real eyeball, may outperform human eyes. 1. Why does Zhiyong Fan develop the artificial eye? A．To replace people’s real eyeballs. B．To gain a sharper vision. C．To help the blind regain their eyesight. D．To help normal eyes perform better. 参考答案： 细节理解题。由第一段“Blind people have long desired for brightness, but scientists don’t have the technology. To bring that one step closer to reality, Zhiyong Fan, a materials scientist of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, developed a new artificial eye recently.”（盲人长期以来一直渴望光明，但科学家们没有这项技术。为了让这一点更接近现实，香港科技大学材料科学家范志勇最近开发了一种新的人工眼。）可知，发明人工眼的目的是帮助盲人重获光明。故选C项。 Passage B Soap (肥皂) might seem like a reasonable way to avoid mosquito bites (蚊子叮) on the basis that if mosquitoes can’t smell you, they can’t bite you. However, a recent study has found that rather than protecting you, certain soaps might actually make you more attractive to mosquitoes. 2. What has the study found? A．Soap attracts many mosquitoes. B．Male mosquitoes feed on blood. C．Some plants drive away mosquitoes. D．Not all soap can stop mosquito bites. 参考答案： 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, a recent study has found that rather than protecting you, certain soaps might actually make you more attractive to mosquitoes.(然而，最近的一项研究发现，某些肥皂不仅不能保护你，反而可能会让你更吸引蚊子)”可知，不是所有的肥皂都可以阻止蚊子的攻击。故选D。 Passage C Developed by a team of WSU researchers, the robots’ tininess largely relies on a material known as a shape memory alloy (合金). Although shape memory alloys change form when heated, they can “remember” their original shapes and return to them after cooling. Because of this, the two micro-robots do not require standard motors, and they use light and small ones instead of bulky moving parts. 3. What does the underlined word “bulky” mean in paragraph 2? A．Cheap. B．Huge. C．Cool D．Fast. 参考答案： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“the two micro-robots do not require standard motors, and they use light and small ones instead of”可知，这两个微型机器人不需要标准的马达，它们使用轻而小的马达代替巨大沉重的运动部件。故划线词意思是“巨大的”。故选B。 Passage D According to the standard, my husband’s body mass index (BMI身体质量指数) is too high. Yet he is the fittest person I know—an athlete carrying plenty of muscle and very little fat. There lies the problem with BMI. A recent study showed how imprecise BMI can be. Yftach Gepner, a professor at Tel Aviv University, looked at data about 3, 000 Israeli men and women. About one third of those with normal BMI were found to be obese (肥胖的) when their actual body fat was measured. And a third of those who were overweight by their BMI had actually normal amounts of body fat. Not only does BMI fail to distinguish between muscle and fat, but it says nothing about where fat sits in your body. With fat, as with real estate (房地产) , location matters. Abdominal fat (腹部脂肪) carries higher risk, as does fat around vital organs. A 2018 study looked at MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描) —the gold standard for body-composition research—collected by the U. K. Biobank. The results showed that people with fat concentrated in their abdomen had higher risk of heart disease than people with the same BMI and of the same age whose fat was spread through other parts of their body. A further problem is that BMI is based on height and weight tables using data from Non-Hispanic white people, who usually have higher body fat than Hispanic white people with the same BMI. Yet researchers now know that race, sex and age affect body composition and health risks differently. For instance, Black people tend to have greater muscle mass and thus may not be considered as obese on the basis of BMI. The opposite is true for Asians, who tend to have more body fat at lower BMIs, so their actual disease risks may be missed. Although BMI has value for evaluating obesity, better methods exist for individuals. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, using electric signals to distinguish fat from muscle, is becoming more common in medical offices. DEXA scans, a type of X-ray imaging, tend to be more efficient yet more costly. With so many options available, no one, including health-care workers, should give BMI too much weight. 1．Why does the author present her husband’s example? A．To prove the accuracy of BMI. B．To present the problems of BMI. C．To introduce the popularity of BMI. D．To raise doubts about the recent study. 2．What does the underlined sentence “With fat, as with real estate, location matters” suggest in Paragraph 3? A．With higher fat comes higher risk. B．BMI can tell where fat is located. C．Abdominal fat carries the highest risk. D．Where the fat sits is related to health risks. 3．For those with the same BMI, who might have the highest risk of diseases? A．Hispanic white people. B．Asians. C．Non-Hispanic white people. D．Black people. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards BMI? A．Concerned. B．Approving. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述BMI身体质量指数在衡量肥胖方面存在一些问题并逐一分析原因。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“According to the standard, my husband’s body mass index (BMI身体质量指数) is too high. Yet he is the fittest person I know—an athlete carrying plenty of muscle and very little fat. There lies the problem with BMI.(按照标准，我丈夫的体重指数太高了。然而，他是我所认识的最健康的人——一个肌肉发达、脂肪很少的运动员。BMI存在问题)”可知，作者以她丈夫的例子来说明BMI存在问题。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。由文章第三段“Abdominal fat (腹部脂肪) carries higher risk, as does fat around vital organs. A 2018 study looked at MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描) —the gold standard for body-composition research—collected by the U. K. Biobank. The results showed that people with fat concentrated in their abdomen had higher risk of heart disease than people with the same BMI and of the same age whose fat was spread through other parts of their body.(腹部脂肪和重要器官周围的脂肪风险更高。2018年的一项研究着眼于磁共振成像扫描——英国生物银行收集的身体成分研究的黄金标准。结果表明，脂肪集中在腹部的人患心脏病的风险高于体重指数相同、脂肪通过身体其他部位扩散的同龄人)”可知，此处主要介绍脂肪存在的位置很重要，所以划线句“With fat, as with real estate (房地产) , location matters.(脂肪和房地产一样，位置很重要。)”表明脂肪的位置与健康风险有关。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“The opposite is true for Asians, who tend to have more body fat at lower BMIs, so their actual disease risks may be missed.(亚洲人的情况正好相反，他们往往在BMI较低时体内脂肪较多，因此可能会错过他们实际的疾病风险)”可推测，对于那些BMI相同的人来说，亚洲人可能患疾病的风险最高。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Although BMI has value for evaluating obesity, better methods exist for individuals. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, using electric signals to distinguish fat from muscle, is becoming more common in medical offices. DEXA scans, a type of X-ray imaging, tend to be more efficient yet more costly. With so many options available, no one, including health-care workers, should give BMI too much weight.(尽管BMI对评估肥胖有价值，但对个人来说，有更好的方法。利用电信号来区分脂肪和肌肉的生物电阻抗分析在医疗办公室越来越普遍。DEXA扫描，一种X射线成像，往往效率更高，但成本更高。有这么多选择，任何人，包括医护人员，都不应该给BMI过多的体重)”以及上文可知，作者承认BMI对评估肥胖有价值，也说了BMI存在一些问题，由此可知，作者的态度是客观的。故选C项。 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 【第一组】 1．Why won't the man join the basketball team this year? A．He wants to have more time to relax. B．He wants to try something new. C．He didn't do well in the team. 2．What does the woman want to do? A.Join a dancing club. B．Play a sport. C．Have more time to rest. 3．What does the woman think of music? A．It's good for us. B．It's not interesting. C．It's useful. 4．Which club will the man probably join? A．The music club. B．The dance club. C．The cooking club. 【第一组】 答案：1.B　2.C　3.A　4.C 听力原文 W: Which school club do you want to join this year? M: I haven't decided yet. I was in the basketball team last year. And I want to try something different this year. W: You played basketball a lot last year. Are you interested in another sport? M: I'm not sure. What about you? Which club do you prefer? W: Well，you know I'm not very sporty. I want to stay in the dance club but they practice twice a week. I want to have more time to relax. M: How about the music club? They only practice once a week so you'll have more time to relax. W: It's a good idea. Music is good for our mental health. Why don't you join the music club with me? M: I'm not interested in that. Perhaps I'm going to join the cooking club. After all, cooking is a useful skill. 【第二组】 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．How will the woman get to the airport? A．By bus. B．By taxi. C．By car. 2．What's the man's plan for tonight? A．To go out for dinner. B．To write a work report. C．To cook some chicken. 3．What's the most probable relationship between the speakers? A．Classmates. B．Workmates. C．Teacher and student. 4．How does the woman most probably feel now? A．Relaxed. B．Surprised. C．Worried. 5．What are the speakers most probably talking about? A．A book. B．A newspaper. C．An experience. 【第二组】答案 1～5　CBACA 听力材料 (Text 1) M：It's nearly 4 o'clock. If you want to catch your flight, you'd better go now. W：Don't worry. I'll drive to the airport. It only takes twenty minutes to get there. (Text 2) W：Hey, Jack. Let's go out for dinner tonight. We can go to our favorite Chinese restaurant. I really love their chicken. M：I'd love to, but I have to finish my work report. My boss wants it by tomorrow morning. (Text 3) M：What's the English homework for today? W：Just a minute. I'll look it up in my textbook. Oh, yes. Exercises 5 to 10 on Pages 108 and 109. M：Thanks. (Text 4) W：I am so sorry I send the flowers to you too late. I'll try to do better next time. M：Well, my girlfriend's train has already left so I don't need the flowers any more. W：What should I tell my boss? He's going to fire me. (Text 5) M：So what do you think of it? W：Well, it has a very interesting beginning, but after reading for about twenty pages, I was disappointed. M：How come? W：It got kind of boring. But I kept reading and now I find it interesting again. 2、阅读练习 Passage A It seems there’s nowhere left to run from the microplastic (微塑料的) pollution. A small pilot study recently took microplastics from one of Europe’s most distant places, the French Pyrenees mountains, and found as many microplastics in the soil as you might expect from a big city like Paris. The reason? The wind. Researchers now fear that our planet’s winds can pick up microplastics from about anywhere and transport them around the world, sometimes in large quantities. “We’d kind of expected it in a city getting blown around,” said Steve Allen from the University of Strathclyde in the UK, one member of the team. “But way up there? We expected to find some,” he said. “We didn’t expect to find so many.” Microplastics are pieces smaller than a fifth of an inch that have broken down from larger pieces of plastic. The forces of nature don’t distinguish (区分) between materials like stones and rocks, and plastics. Wind and waves hit plastics and break them down just the same, making them into dust that can then get swept up by the gentle wind and into the atmosphere. It’s a continuing environmental concern, as more and more microplastics find their way into our food and air. The fact that microplastics can be found in large numbers even in distant places is a sign that is has become a global pollution problem. Steve Allen and his team set up collectors 4,500 feet up in the mountains for five months to trap plastic particles (粒子) as they fell to the Earth. The team found that an average of 365 plastic particles fell on their square meter collector daily. This included bits from plastic bags, plastic film and packaging material, among other plastic sources. Many of these materials were small enough to be breathed in without even realizing it. They’re in the air, and they’re everywhere. 1．What did Steve Allen think of the finding? A．Interesting. B．Boring. C．Surprising. D．Disappointing. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．How the microplastics come into being. B．How the wind spreads the microplastics. C．How the microplastic pollution appears. D．How the wind makes the pollution serious. 3．What do we know about the plastic particles? A．It is difficult to collect them. B．They all come from big cities. C．They are part of the air we breathe. D．It is impossible to know their source. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Plastics have been found in the distant areas. B．Plastics are proved to do great harm to the soil. C．The microplastic pollution is worse in big cities. D．Wind is carrying microplastics around the world. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出微塑料污染已成为全球性问题，即使在偏远地区如法国比利牛斯山脉也能发现大量微塑料。研究表明，风力可以将微塑料传播到世界各地，越来越多的微塑料进入我们的食物和空气。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中““We’d kind of expected it in a city getting blown around,” said Steve Allen from the University of Strathclyde in the UK, one member of the team. “But way up there? We expected to find some,” he said. “We didn’t expect to find so many.” (研究小组成员之一、英国斯特拉斯克莱德大学的Steve Allen说：“我们本以为它（微塑料）会在一个被风吹来吹去的城市里出现。但那里呢？我们希望能找到一些。我们没料到会发现这么多。”)”可知，Steve Allen没想到在遥远的法国比利牛斯山脉会发现这么多的微塑料。由此可知，他认为他们的发现是令人惊讶的。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The forces of nature don’t distinguish (区分) between materials like stones and rocks, and plastics. Wind and waves hit plastics and break them down just the same, making them into dust that can then get swept up by the gentle wind and into the atmosphere. (大自然的力量无法区分石头、岩石和塑料等材料。风和海浪撞击塑料并将它们分解，使它们变成灰尘，然后被微风吹到大气中)”可知，在本段我们可以了解到风是如何传播微塑料的。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Many of these materials were small enough to be breathed in without even realizing it. They’re in the air, and they’re everywhere. (这些物质中有许多小到可以被人吸入而不自知。它们在空气中，无处不在)”可知，微塑料已经成为我们呼吸的空气中的一部分。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A small pilot study recently took microplastics from one of Europe’s most distant places, the French Pyrenees mountains, and found as many microplastics in the soil as you might expect from a big city like Paris. (最近，一项小型试点研究从欧洲最遥远的地方之一——法国比利牛斯山脉——采集了微塑料，在土壤中发现的微塑料数量与巴黎这样的大城市一样多)”和最后一段中“The fact that microplastics can be found in large numbers even in distant places is a sign that is has become a global pollution problem. (即使在遥远的地方也能发现大量的微塑料，这一事实表明它已成为一个全球性的污染问题)”可知，文章围绕一项有关微塑料的研究展开，研究人员在偏远地区如法国比利牛斯山脉也发现了数量惊人的微塑料。故选A项。 Passage B Do you ever get that feeling that there aren’t enough hours in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then, you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It’s not just you — recent research showed nature can regulate our sense of time. For many of us, the combined demands of work, home and family mean that we are always feeling like we don’t have enough time. Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies. Permanent (长久的，永久的) online connectivity lengthens working hours and can make it harder to switch off from the demands of friends· and family. Recent researches suggest that the cure for our lack of time may lie in the natural world which may change how we experience time. These studies consistently showed that people report a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in an urban environment. For example, people are more likely to perceive (感知) a walk in the countryside as longer than a walk of the same length in the city. Nature seems to slow and expand our sense of time. It’s not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed but also our sense of the future. Spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us prioritise (优先处理) our actions to meet our long-term goals rather than living in a state of “just about keeping our head above water”. Getting out into nature may sound like a simple fix, but for many people, particularly those living in urban areas, nature can be hard to access. Green infrastructure such as trees and parks in and around cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone. 5．What does the underlined word “exacerbated”  in paragraph 2 mean? A．Changed. B．Reflected. C．Worsened. D．Controlled. 6．How does nature change our sense of the future?. A．By changing our focus. B．By promoting immediate actions. C．By releasing our stress. D．By reducing the demands on time. 7．According to the author, what is a solution to our lack of time? A．Move to the countryside. B．Decrease online connectivity. C．Get into green space in urban areas. D．Learn to refuse the unreasonable demands. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．Researches reveal our poverty of time in nature. B．Being in nature can change our perception of time. C．Exploring nature will bring great benefits to people. D．People tend to lead a green life in modern urban areas. 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了自然如何调节我们对时间的感知，特别是在忙碌的日常生活中，自然如何帮助我们减缓时间感，并将注意力从即时需求转移到未来需求上。 5．词句猜测题。根据后面的“Permanent (长久的,永久的) online connectivity lengthens working hours and can make it harder to switch off from the demands of friends· and family.(永久的在线连接会延长工作时间，并使其更难摆脱朋友和家人的需求。)”可知，作者明确指出了数字技术（特别是持续的在线连接）如何使工作时间变长，并使得人们更难从工作和社交需求中解脱出来。因此，划线单词所在句子“Time poverty has also been exacerbated by digital technologies.(数字技术也exacerbated 了时间贫乏)”指的是，数字技术使得人们感觉时间不够用的情况变得更加严重或恶化了。exacerbated与选项C“worsened(恶化)”意思一致。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Spending time in nature helps to shift our focus from the immediate moment towards our future needs.(花时间在大自然中有助于将我们的注意力从眼前转移到未来的需求上。)”可知，在自然中度过时间有助于我们将注意力从当前时刻转移到未来的需求上。因此，自然通过改变我们的关注点来改变我们对未来的感觉。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Recent researches suggest that the cure for our lack of time may lie in the natural world which may change how we experience time.(最近的研究表明，治愈我们缺乏时间的方法可能在于自然世界，它可能会改变我们体验时间的方式。)”可知，最近的研究表明，解决我们时间不足的方法可能在于自然界，它可能会改变我们体验时间的方式。再结合最后一段中的“Green infrastructure such as trees and parks in and around cities are essential to making sure the benefits of time in nature are accessible to everyone.(城市及其周围的树木和公园等绿色基础设施对于确保每个人都能享受大自然的好处至关重要。)”可知，作者认为进入城市地区的绿色空间是解决我们时间不足的一个方法。因此，C项“进入城市地区的绿色空间”是正确答案。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论的是自然如何改变我们对时间的感知，包括当前的时间感和未来的时间感。另外，第三段中的“Recent researches suggest that the cure for our lack of time may lie in the natural world which may change how we experience time.(最近的研究表明，治愈我们缺乏时间的方法可能在于自然世界，它可能会改变我们体验时间的方式。)”明确指出了自然可以改变我们体验时间的方式，进一步支持了文章的主题。因此，选项B“在自然中可以改变我们对时间的感知”能够概括文章主旨。故选B项。 $$