第11讲 课文初探 小作文（书信写作-建议信）导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语初高中衔接

nullnullnull第11讲 课文初探 +小作文（建议信+邀请信） 一、听见课文 THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM： CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT China is (wide) known for its ancient (civilize) which has continued all the way through into modern times, (prep尽管) the many ups and downs in its history.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main (factor) has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture­based language. It (短语：追溯到)several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were (carve) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi. By the Shang (n朝代) (around 1600－1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well­developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically， leading to many (vary) of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221－207 BCE). Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one (direct). That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what (n方言) they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 词汇及短语归纳总结 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①system n. 体系；制度；系统 ②connect A and/with B 把A和B连接 ③be known for 因……而著称 ④all the way 一直；自始至终 ⑤despite prep. 即使；尽管 ⑥ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 ⑦factor n. 因素；要素 ⑧based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据 ⑨date back (to...) 追溯到 ⑩bone n. 骨头；骨(质) ⑪shell n. 壳；壳状物 ⑫symbol n. 符号；象征 ⑬carve vt. & vi. 雕刻 ⑭dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 ⑮geographically adv. 在地理位置上 ⑯variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体/多样化 varieties of 各种各样的 ⑰dialect n. 地方话；方言 ⑱major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究 ⑲unified adj. 统一的 ⑳in... direction 朝着……的方向 no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……， 不管…… 二、题型初识 1、从书信写作说起 高中应用文写作分为两部分，书信类和非书信类，书信类包括 邀请信、建议信、告知信、申请信、推荐信、求助信、询问信、感谢信、道歉信、慰问信、祝贺信、活动介绍信、书信形式的短文投稿。本次课程以建议信为主体，讲书信写作。 1.1称呼（Salutation）： 书信的开头需要使用适当的称呼，根据写信对象的不同选择合适的称呼形式。比如：Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Johnson, Dear John, 1.2正文（Body）： 正文通常分为三段：开头段、中间段、结尾段。 2.1开头段：用于问候和说明写信的目的或背景。比如： · How have you been? I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inform you about our upcoming summer vacation plans. · I hope you are doing well. I am writing to seek your advice on a matter that has been troubling me. 2.2中间段：书信的核心内容，详细描述事情的经过、提供建议或表达意见等。比如： · First and foremost, I believe that immersing yourself in English by reading various books and articles will significantly improve your vocabulary and comprehension. Additionally, practicing speaking with native speakers can help you gain confidence and improve your fluency. · I wanted to let you know about the new project we are working on. It involves a lot of collaboration, and I believe your expertise will be incredibly valuable. Moreover, participating in this project will provide you with great opportunities to learn and grow. 2.3结尾段：用于总结并表达期待回复或其他后续行动。比如： · I hope you find these suggestions helpful. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. If you have any questions, feel free to ask. · Thank you for taking the time to read my letter. I am eagerly awaiting your response and hope we can discuss this matter further. 1.3结束语（Closing）： 使用适当的结束语，表达礼貌和祝福。比如：Yours sincerely, Best regards, Warmest wishes, 1.4签名（Signature）： 在结尾语下方签名，写上自己的名字。比如：Lihua 2、建议信结构讲解 第一段【问候（介绍）+写作背景+写作目的】 1. 问候 · How have you been? · How is everything with you? · I hope this letter finds you well. 2. 自我介绍（如果和对方认识就不需要自我介绍） · I am Lihua, a student at No. 1 School. · I am Lihua, studying at No. 1 School. · I am Lihua, from No. 1 School. 3. 写信背景 · You mentioned needing my advice on a particular issue. · You asked for my suggestions regarding a problem you're facing. · You wanted to know my opinion on how to handle a specific situation. 4. 写信目的 · I would like to share some constructive suggestions with you. · Here are a few recommendations that might help. · I hope the following advice will be useful to you. 第二段【分析原因+提供建议】 1. 分析原因 · The reason why 【结果】 is that 【原因】. · The reason why you find writing in English difficult is that you may not be practicing it regularly enough. · The reason why improving your English seems challenging could be due to insufficient practice. · The reason why you struggle with English writing might be the lack of consistent practice. 2. 建议一【建议+结果（正面影响）】 · First and foremost, immerse yourself in English by reading various books and articles to build your vocabulary and comprehension. · First and foremost, Engage in daily conversations in English to improve your speaking skills and confidence. · First and foremost, Watch English movies and TV shows to enhance your listening abilities and cultural understanding. 3. 建议二【建议+提这个建议的原因】 · Additionally, writing short essays or stories regularly helps in practicing organizing your thoughts clearly. · Additionally, Keeping a daily journal in English improves your writing consistency and allows you to track your progress. · Additionally, Practicing speaking with native speakers enhances your fluency and helps you learn idiomatic expressions. 4. 建议三【建议+相关例子】 · Finally, it is essential for improvement to join an online writing community where you can share your work and receive feedback. · Finally, It is beneficial to participate in local writing groups to get constructive criticism and support from fellow learners. · Finally, It is important to take part in writing workshops or clubs to receive guidance and feedback, which is crucial for honing your skills. 5. 总结 · Only by following these steps can you effectively overcome the challenges. · These methods are essential for fully addressing the issues. · By using these suggestions, you can solve the problems completely. 第三段【希望采纳+期待回复】 1. 希望采纳 · I hope you find these suggestions helpful. · I trust that these recommendations will be useful to you. · I hope these tips prove to be beneficial. 2. 期待回复 · Looking forward to hearing from you soon. · I await your response eagerly. 提建议基本句型 1. 使用表示建议的动词 · I recommend analyzing the causes of the mistakes. · I advise you to examine the reasons behind the mistakes. · I suggest taking a closer look at why these mistakes occur. 2. 使用祈使句 · Be sure to analyze the causes of the mistakes. · Make sure to examine the reasons behind the mistakes. · Don’t forget to look into why these mistakes happen. 3. 使用非谓语动词 · Analyzing the causes of the mistakes is crucial. · Understanding the reasons for these mistakes is important. · Investigating why the mistakes occur is essential. 4. 使用形式主语句型 · It is important to analyze the causes of the mistakes. · It is essential to understand why these mistakes happen. · It is necessary to investigate the reasons behind the mistakes. 3、写作演练 假如你是李华，你的好友David因为在最近一次考试中成绩下降，感到非常焦虑，并且不敢面对父母和老师。请你用英语给他写封信，表示对他的现状表示担忧，并提出你的建议。要点如下： 1. 建立信心； 2. 向父母或老师寻求帮助； 3. 改变学习策略等。 行文内容 1.得知你对你成绩下降感到焦虑，我非常理解你的担心和烦恼。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.因此，我写信给你提供一些建议，希望对你有所帮助。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.首先，你对成绩的态度对你的学习产生很大的影响。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.众所周知，自信是成功的关键，因此建议你逐渐建立对自己的信心。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.而且，每当你有不好的情绪或困扰时，你可以向你的老师或父母寻求帮助。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.此外，如果你能考虑改变学习策略，对你的学习是有益的。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.我相信，摆脱压力和努力学习将使你取得进步并实现你的目标。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.我期待着你的好消息。祝你好运！_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 【第一组】 听下面一段长对话， 回答以下小题。 1. What's Peter's problem? A．He can't understand Chinese program. B．He can't talk with Chinese people. C．He can't understand Chinese grammar. 2. How long has Peter been learning Chinese? A.3 years. B．4 years. C．5 years. 3．What can we learn from the conversation? A．Peter speaks Chinese a lot. B．Peter is happy to learn driving. C．Peter needs a lot of practice. 【第二组】 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Who washed the vegetables? A．The man. B．The woman. C．The man's mother. 2．How much cheaper is the blue one than the white one? A．$10. B．$20. C．$30. 3．What does the man suggest the woman do? A．Go back home. B．Bring an umbrella. C．Check the weather report. 4．What are the speakers talking about? A．A museum's paintings. B．A famous painter. C．A museum. 5．What does the man want to eat today? A．Fish and cabbage. B．Chicken and fish. C．Chicken and a salad. 2、建议信写作 假如你是李华，为了鼓励学生多参与运动，缓解学习压力，要点如下： 1. 你的看法; 2. 你的建议及理由。 行文内容 1.我是李华，高一的学生。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我想分享一下我对改进课外活动，鼓励学生参与体育运动和缓解学业压力的想法和建议。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.作为校园生活的一部分，课外活动不仅有助于我们的身体健康，还促进我们的心理健康和社交技能。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.此外，定期组织比赛也能激励更多的学生参与，使学生在团队合作和健康方面受益。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.我希望我的建议对你有所帮助。感谢你的时间和考虑。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ $$第11讲 课文初探 +小作文（建议信+邀请信） 一、听见课文 THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM： CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT China is (wide) known for its ancient (civilize) which has continued all the way through into modern times, (prep尽管) the many ups and downs in its history.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main (factor) has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture­based language. It (短语：追溯到)several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were (carve) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi. By the Shang (n朝代) (around 1600－1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well­developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically， leading to many (vary) of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221－207 BCE). Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one (direct). That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what (n方言) they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. 词汇及短语归纳总结 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①system n. 体系；制度；系统 ②connect A and/with B 把A和B连接 ③be known for 因……而著称 ④all the way 一直；自始至终 ⑤despite prep. 即使；尽管 ⑥ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 ⑦factor n. 因素；要素 ⑧based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 base vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据 ⑨date back (to...) 追溯到 ⑩bone n. 骨头；骨(质) ⑪shell n. 壳；壳状物 ⑫symbol n. 符号；象征 ⑬carve vt. & vi. 雕刻 ⑭dynasty n. 王朝；朝代 ⑮geographically adv. 在地理位置上 ⑯variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体/多样化 varieties of 各种各样的 ⑰dialect n. 地方话；方言 ⑱major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi. 主修；专门研究 ⑲unified adj. 统一的 ⑳in... direction 朝着……的方向 no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……， 不管…… 二、题型初识 1、从书信写作说起 高中应用文写作分为两部分，书信类和非书信类，书信类包括 邀请信、建议信、告知信、申请信、推荐信、求助信、询问信、感谢信、道歉信、慰问信、祝贺信、活动介绍信、书信形式的短文投稿。本次课程以建议信为主体，讲书信写作。 1.1称呼（Salutation）： 书信的开头需要使用适当的称呼，根据写信对象的不同选择合适的称呼形式。比如：Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Johnson, Dear John, 1.2正文（Body）： 正文通常分为三段：开头段、中间段、结尾段。 2.1开头段：用于问候和说明写信的目的或背景。比如： · How have you been? I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to inform you about our upcoming summer vacation plans. · I hope you are doing well. I am writing to seek your advice on a matter that has been troubling me. 2.2中间段：书信的核心内容，详细描述事情的经过、提供建议或表达意见等。比如： · First and foremost, I believe that immersing yourself in English by reading various books and articles will significantly improve your vocabulary and comprehension. Additionally, practicing speaking with native speakers can help you gain confidence and improve your fluency. · I wanted to let you know about the new project we are working on. It involves a lot of collaboration, and I believe your expertise will be incredibly valuable. Moreover, participating in this project will provide you with great opportunities to learn and grow. 2.3结尾段：用于总结并表达期待回复或其他后续行动。比如： · I hope you find these suggestions helpful. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. If you have any questions, feel free to ask. · Thank you for taking the time to read my letter. I am eagerly awaiting your response and hope we can discuss this matter further. 1.3结束语（Closing）： 使用适当的结束语，表达礼貌和祝福。比如：Yours sincerely, Best regards, Warmest wishes, 1.4签名（Signature）： 在结尾语下方签名，写上自己的名字。比如：Lihua 2、建议信结构讲解 第一段【问候（介绍）+写作背景+写作目的】 1. 问候 · How have you been? · How is everything with you? · I hope this letter finds you well. 2. 自我介绍（如果和对方认识就不需要自我介绍） · I am Lihua, a student at No. 1 School. · I am Lihua, studying at No. 1 School. · I am Lihua, from No. 1 School. 3. 写信背景 · You mentioned needing my advice on a particular issue. · You asked for my suggestions regarding a problem you're facing. · You wanted to know my opinion on how to handle a specific situation. 4. 写信目的 · I would like to share some constructive suggestions with you. · Here are a few recommendations that might help. · I hope the following advice will be useful to you. 第二段【分析原因+提供建议】 1. 分析原因 · The reason why 【结果】 is that 【原因】. · The reason why you find writing in English difficult is that you may not be practicing it regularly enough. · The reason why improving your English seems challenging could be due to insufficient practice. · The reason why you struggle with English writing might be the lack of consistent practice. 2. 建议一【建议+结果（正面影响）】 · First and foremost, immerse yourself in English by reading various books and articles to build your vocabulary and comprehension. · First and foremost, Engage in daily conversations in English to improve your speaking skills and confidence. · First and foremost, Watch English movies and TV shows to enhance your listening abilities and cultural understanding. 3. 建议二【建议+提这个建议的原因】 · Additionally, writing short essays or stories regularly helps in practicing organizing your thoughts clearly. · Additionally, Keeping a daily journal in English improves your writing consistency and allows you to track your progress. · Additionally, Practicing speaking with native speakers enhances your fluency and helps you learn idiomatic expressions. 4. 建议三【建议+相关例子】 · Finally, it is essential for improvement to join an online writing community where you can share your work and receive feedback. · Finally, It is beneficial to participate in local writing groups to get constructive criticism and support from fellow learners. · Finally, It is important to take part in writing workshops or clubs to receive guidance and feedback, which is crucial for honing your skills. 5. 总结 · Only by following these steps can you effectively overcome the challenges. · These methods are essential for fully addressing the issues. · By using these suggestions, you can solve the problems completely. 第三段【希望采纳+期待回复】 1. 希望采纳 · I hope you find these suggestions helpful. · I trust that these recommendations will be useful to you. · I hope these tips prove to be beneficial. 2. 期待回复 · Looking forward to hearing from you soon. · I await your response eagerly. 提建议基本句型 1. 使用表示建议的动词 · I recommend analyzing the causes of the mistakes. · I advise you to examine the reasons behind the mistakes. · I suggest taking a closer look at why these mistakes occur. 2. 使用祈使句 · Be sure to analyze the causes of the mistakes. · Make sure to examine the reasons behind the mistakes. · Don’t forget to look into why these mistakes happen. 3. 使用非谓语动词 · Analyzing the causes of the mistakes is crucial. · Understanding the reasons for these mistakes is important. · Investigating why the mistakes occur is essential. 4. 使用形式主语句型 · It is important to analyze the causes of the mistakes. · It is essential to understand why these mistakes happen. · It is necessary to investigate the reasons behind the mistakes. 3、写作演练 假如你是李华，你的好友David因为在最近一次考试中成绩下降，感到非常焦虑，并且不敢面对父母和老师。请你用英语给他写封信，表示对他的现状表示担忧，并提出你的建议。要点如下： 1. 建立信心； 2. 向父母或老师寻求帮助； 3. 改变学习策略等。 行文内容 1.得知你对你成绩下降感到焦虑，我非常理解你的担心和烦恼。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.因此，我写信给你提供一些建议，希望对你有所帮助。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.首先，你对成绩的态度对你的学习产生很大的影响。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.众所周知，自信是成功的关键，因此建议你逐渐建立对自己的信心。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.而且，每当你有不好的情绪或困扰时，你可以向你的老师或父母寻求帮助。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.此外，如果你能考虑改变学习策略，对你的学习是有益的。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.我相信，摆脱压力和努力学习将使你取得进步并实现你的目标。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.我期待着你的好消息。祝你好运！_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： Dear David, Hearing/Learning/Knowing that you are anxious about your falling grades, I understand quite well how worried and upset you feel. Therefore, I am writing to offer you some suggestions, which I hope will be of some help to you. First, it is your attitude towards your grades that has a great effect/influence on your study. As we know, confidence is the key to success, so it is recommended that you should gradually build up confidence in yourself. What’s more, whenever you have bad feelings or troubles, you can turn to your teachers or parents. In addition, it would be better if you could consider changing your learning strategies, which is beneficial to your study. I believe that getting rid of your pressure/stress and working hard will enable you to make progress and achieve/reach/realize your goal(s). I am looking forward to your good news. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 【第一组】 听下面一段长对话， 回答以下小题。 1. What's Peter's problem? A．He can't understand Chinese program. B．He can't talk with Chinese people. C．He can't understand Chinese grammar. 2. How long has Peter been learning Chinese? A.3 years. B．4 years. C．5 years. 3．What can we learn from the conversation? A．Peter speaks Chinese a lot. B．Peter is happy to learn driving. C．Peter needs a lot of practice. 【第一组】答案 1～3. BCC 听力原文 M：Hello, Professor Zhang.I'm Peter. W：Hello, Peter.Can I help you? M：Yeah. I have been studying Chinese for many years, and I have learnt a lot of grammar and vocabulary, but I find it difficult to talk with Chinese people. I can't understand them. W: Well, that's a problem. How long have you been studying Chinese? M: Three years in junior school, and two years in senior school. W: Um. How do you learn Chinese? Do you often listen to Chinese program? M: I often attend Chinese training programs. W: Yes, I see. Peter, I always think learning a language is rather like learning to drive. If you want to drive perfectly, you have to practise over and over. Similarly, if you want to speak Chinese well, you need lots of practice. 【第二组】 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Who washed the vegetables? A．The man. B．The woman. C．The man's mother. 2．How much cheaper is the blue one than the white one? A．$10. B．$20. C．$30. 3．What does the man suggest the woman do? A．Go back home. B．Bring an umbrella. C．Check the weather report. 4．What are the speakers talking about? A．A museum's paintings. B．A famous painter. C．A museum. 5．What does the man want to eat today? A．Fish and cabbage. B．Chicken and fish. C．Chicken and a salad. 【第二组】答案： 1～5　ABBAC　6～10　CCACB 11～15　CCACC　16～20　BACAC 听力材料 (Text 1) W：These dishes taste very good. Did you make them? M：No. My mother was here this morning. She cooked all of them. I just washed the vegetables. W：You should learn cooking from her. (Text 2) W：What about this white bike? It's very cheap. It is 100 dollars. M：But the blue one is even cheaper. It is only 80 dollars. W：But it is not as nice as the white one. (Text 3) M：Jane, don't forget your umbrella! The weather report said it is supposed to be rainy this afternoon. W：But I left my umbrella at my room. I will go back upstairs. Wait here, please. M：Alright. (Text 4) M：How did you like the paintings in the museum? W：Most of them were amazing. But some of them were so difficult that I didn't quite understand them well. And they looked very strange. M：I totally agree. (Text 5) W：Sir, would you like some fish? It is very fresh. M：Thanks, but I just had some fish yesterday. And today I want to try something else. I would like fried chicken and a cabbage salad. W：Certainly, Sir. Would you like anything to drink? 2、建议信写作 假如你是李华，为了鼓励学生多参与运动，缓解学习压力，要点如下： 1. 你的看法; 2. 你的建议及理由。 行文内容 1.我是李华，高一的学生。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.我想分享一下我对改进课外活动，鼓励学生参与体育运动和缓解学业压力的想法和建议。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.作为校园生活的一部分，课外活动不仅有助于我们的身体健康，还促进我们的心理健康和社交技能。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.此外，定期组织比赛也能激励更多的学生参与，使学生在团队合作和健康方面受益。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.我希望我的建议对你有所帮助。感谢你的时间和考虑。_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. Smith， I’m Li Hua, a student of Senior One. I’d like to share my thoughts and suggestions on improving extra-curricular activities to encourage students to engage in sports and relieve academic stress. As part of campus life, extra-curricular activities not only contribute to our physical fitness, but also promote our mental well-being and social skills. Additionally, organizing competitions regularly can also motivate more students to participate, benefiting students in teamwork and health. I hope my suggestions can be helpful to you. Thank you for your time and consideration. Yours， Li Hua $$