第10讲 课文初探 语法填空（无提示词）导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语初高中衔接

第10讲 课文初探 +语法填空（无提示词） 一、听见课文Everywhere (survive) looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks (cover) the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now (fill) the wells instead of water. People were (短语)—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and (electric)were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the (n灾害) would last. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to (挖掘)those who were (trap) and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to (breathe) again. Tangshan started to (revival) itself and get back up on its feet . With strong support from the government and the tireless (effort) of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to (短语)seven million people, with great (improve) in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future． 词汇及短语归纳总结 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ⑲survivor n．幸存者；生还者 ⑳nothing but只有，只，仅仅 percent [pə'sent] n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 gone adj.不复存在的；一去不复返的 brick [brIk] n．砖；砖块 blow away刮走；吹走 track n．轨道；跑道 keep track of了解；与……保持联系；跟上……的进展；掌握……的最新消息 metal ['metl] n．金属 shock [ʃɒk] n．震惊；令人震惊的事/休克 vt.(使)震惊 in shock震惊；吃惊 electricity [Iˌlek'trIsəti] n．电；电能 dig out挖出 trap [træp] vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 bury ['beri] vt.埋葬；安葬 the dead死者；逝者(“the＋adj.”可表示一类人) medical care医疗护理 breathe [briːð] vi.& vt.呼吸 revive [rɪ'vaɪv]vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒 revival [rɪ'vaɪvl]n.振兴；复苏 on one's feet恢复健康； 站立着 support n．支持 effort ['efət] n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 in times of在……时期 unify ['juːnɪfaI] vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体 wisdom ['wɪzdəm] n．智慧；才智 positive adj.积极的；肯定的 stay positive 保持乐观 二、题型初识 1、从冠介代连说起 Passage A My name is Tony. I'm a traffic policeman. I'm glad to hear that you are going on an outing tomorrow. For everyone's safety, I'll give you some advice on how 　1． 　 stay safe. First of all, you should take care of your own safety. You should always put safety first. Second, you should obey traffic safety rules. Don't cross the road 　2． 　 the green light is on. Some of you like to go hiking 　3． 　 bike. Don't forget to wear helmets when you ride your bike. You need to ride 　4． 　 the right. If there is 　5． 　 traffic accident, remember to call the accident telephone for help. Finally, you should care for each other and help each other. I hope you will have a good trip. Thank you. 参考答案： 1．to；2．until；3．by；4．on；5．a 1．句意：为了大家的安全，我会给你一些关于如何保持安全的建议。分析句子结构可知，此处“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，因此to符合句意，故填to。 2．句意：绿灯亮时再过马路。根据“the green light is on”可知，直到绿灯亮再过马路，not...until...“直到……才……”，故填until。 3．句意：你们有些人喜欢骑自行车去徒步旅行。by bike“骑自行车”，故填by。 4．句意：你需要靠右行驶。根据生活常识可知，在右边骑自行车，on the right“在右边”，固定搭配。故填on。 5．句意：如果发生交通事故，记得打事故电话求助。根据“traffic accident”可知，需要不定冠词表示泛指，traffic是辅音音素开头，因此a符合句意，故填a。 Passage B We'll never forget the special trip to Thailand. It was our first time to visit　6． 　 hot and wet city of Bangkok. All the smells made us try the food. We enjoyed something special for dinner. The hotel we stayed in was cheap and very clean. We planned to stay there for a few days and to visit some places in the city, and then traveled to Chiang Mai (清迈) in the north. Bangkok was wonderful and surprising! The places were interesting. We visited the famous place　7． 　was on the water, and saw a lot of fruit and vegetables. Everything was so colorful, and we took hundreds of photos there! Later we left　8． 　 Chiang Mai. We took a train to the north, stayed in Chiang Mai for two days, and then went to Chiang Rai (清莱) by bus. Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village　9． 　 the foot of a mountain. The village people there loved the quiet life. We found that there were no computers　10． 　 phones there. Most of the houses were low and simple. They were the kindest people I had ever met. They always smiled and said "hello". My brother and I could only speak a few of Thai words, so smiling was the best way to show our kindness. I feel good there and hope to be able to go back there next year. 参考答案： 6．the；7．that/which；8．for；9．at；10．or 6．句意：这是我们第一次参观这个又热又湿的曼谷城市。根据" hot and wet city of Bangkok. "可知这里是特指，用定冠词the，故答案为the。 7．句意：我们参观了在水上的著名的地方。句子是定语从句，place是先行词，指物，定语从句缺少主语，指物做主语的关系代词用that或者which，故答案为 that/which 。 8．句意：后来我们动身去清迈。根据"We took a train to the north, stayed in Chiang Mai for two days, and then went to Chiang Rai(清莱) by bus. "可知我们动身去清迈，leave for是固定短语，动身去某地，故答案为for。 9．句意：我们在山脚下参观了一些小村庄。at the foot of a mountain是在山脚下，符合题意，故答案为at。 10．句意：我们发现那里没有电脑或者电话。computers和phones是并列关系，根据no可知句子是否定句，用or连接，故答案为or。 Passage C When I was at the age of twelve, my mother taught me a valuable lesson that I will never forget. 　11． 　 was a sunny day. I was walking down the street with my mother when we met Mr. Brown. I could see Mr. Brown at any time around the neighbor. So I just stood there. Later, my mother said something wonderful, "It's the last time you went 　12． 　 somebody you know without opening your mouth, because it was impolite." At school, I slowly got used 　13． 　 saying "hello" and "see you tomorrow" to my teachers and people who swept our school. Now, it has become 　14． 　 habit to greet others. Now I speak to people I know if meeting them. When someone 　15． 　 hears you greet to him smiles happily, you will realize how powerful it is to say hello. 参考答案： 11．It；12．by；13．to；14．a；15．who 11．句意：那是一个阳光明媚的日子。结合a sunny day阳光明媚的日子，可知讲的是天气，故用代词it，做主语，故答案为：It。 12．句意：这是你最后一次不说话就离开你认识的人，因为这是不礼貌的。句子中提到了without opening your mouth，暗示了某种方式或手段。在英文中，go by通常用于表示"经过、走过"某人或某地，而without opening your mouth进一步强调了"默默地"或"不吭声地"走过。故答案为：by。 13．句意：在学校里，我慢慢习惯了对我的老师和清扫我们学校的人说"你好"和"明天见"。get used to固定短语，表示"习惯于"。其后需要接动名词或名词作为宾语。在这个语境中，"saying 'hello' and 'see you tomorrow'"是动名词短语，表示"说‘你好‘和‘明天见'"。因此，to作为介词，连接get used和动名词短语。故答案为：to。 14．句意：现在，问候别人已经成为我的习惯。habit"是可数名词，表示"习惯"。在英文中，当提到某物成为一种习惯时，通常会在其前加上不定冠词a或an。由于habit的发音以辅音音素开头，所以使用a，故答案为：a。 15．句意：当听到你问候的人开心地微笑时，你会意识到打招呼是多么有力。who作为关系代词，引导了一个定语从句，修饰先行词someone。这个定语从句描述了"某个人"在听到你的问候后高兴地微笑的情景。故答案为：who。 2、题型讲解 1. 冠词使用规则 定冠词 "the" 的用法： a) 用于独一无二的事物。 b) 用于双方都知晓的事物。 c) 用于方位名词。 d) 用于the+最高级。 e) 用于the+（西洋）乐器。 f) 用于the +姓氏复数指代某人一家。 g) 用于the +形容词指代一类人。 h) 用于山河湖泊。 i) 用于党派政府机关。 j) 用于序数词。 不定冠词 "a/an" 的用法： a) "a" 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，如 "a boy"。 b) "an" 用于元音音素开头的单词前，如 "an apple"。 零冠词的用法： · 泛指复数日三餐；球类运动季节前；星期月份节假日；抽象国名或语种。 2. 介词和连词 介词 "in/on/at/of/for/from/with" 等的用法： a) 与动名词 "doing" 结合。 b) 固定搭配，如 "as a result of"。 连词的用法： a) 并列关系：and, both...and..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as。 b) 转折关系：but, yet, however, while。 c) 选择关系：or, or else, either...or..., otherwise。 d) 因果关系：so, for, therefore。 3. 代词用法 主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词： · 用于人称代词的不同格和功能。 指示代词： · 近指 "this", "these"；远指 "that", "those"。 替代词 "one", "ones", "that", "those", "it" 的用法： a) "it" 代替可数名词单数和不可数名词。 b) "one" 代替可数名词单数，表泛指。 c) "ones" 代替复数名词。 d) "that", "those" 用于特指。 "It" 的特殊用法： a) 指时间、距离、天气等。 b) 用于不清楚对方身份的情况。 c) 作形式主语或宾语。 d) 用于强调句型。 e) 用于固定搭配。 4. 定语从句 a) 跟在名词或代词之后，如 "the book (that my mother bought) is nice"。 b) 定语从句缺主语/宾语时不用 "what"，使用 "that" 或 "which"。 c) 只用 "that" 不用 "which" 的情况： 有最高级；序数词；主语有人又有物；主句有 "all"、"some"、"any" 等不定代词。 d) 用 "which" 的情况：逗号之后；介词之后。 5. 名词性从句 a) 主语从句：充当主语，如 "That he likes playing basketball is known to all"。 b) 宾语从句：充当宾语，如 "I don’t know what he said"。 c) 表语从句：充当表语，如 "the good news is that he wins the first prize"。 d) 同位语从句：放在名词之后，如 "The good news that he wins the first prize surprises us" 3、同频练习 Practice A 1．I have little confidence him. 2．He is confident victory. 3．I can’t concentrate my homework with all that noise going on. 4．He was frightened losing power. 5． annoyed me when I found him lying to me. 6．He was annoyed the disturbing news that the company would fire 50% of its employees the next year. 7．Do you think he broke the vase design or chance? 8．We exchange opinions the experts on this matter. 9．I'd like to exchange this shirt a large size. 10．As an adult, you need to be responsible what you have done. 11．The crowd advanced us, shouting angrily. 12．That’s where I got the idea to volunteer children’s charity next weekend. 13．An environmental-protection volunteer should insist fighting against pollution with courage. 14．Don’t live in the past, and you should focus your mind the future. 15．Just waiting instead of trying is not the best solution your problem. 16．Tom, a senior high school student, is (an) expert making presentations. 参考答案： 1．in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我对他没有信心。根据“对……有信心”的英文为have confidence in，故填in。 2．of/about 【详解】考查介词。句意：他对胜利充满信心。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是介词短语be confident of/about“对……有信心”。故填of或about。 3．on/upon 【详解】考查介词。句意：吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法专心做作业。concentrate on/upon表示“专心做”，故填on/upon。 4．of 【详解】考查介词。句意：他害怕失去权力。固定搭配be frightened of...“害怕……”。故填of。 5．It 【详解】考查形式主语。句意：当我发现他对我说谎时，我很生气。根据句意，when引导的从句内容应为我生气的事情，放在句尾，故应为it作形式主语。故填It。 6．about/by/at 【详解】考查介词。句意：他对公司明年将解雇50%员工的令人不安的消息感到恼火。be annoyed 后用介词about或by或at，后接事物。故填about/by/at。 7． by by 【详解】考查介词。句意：你认为他打破花瓶是故意的还是偶然的？by design“故意”，by chance“偶然”，都为固定短语。故填by，by。 8．with 【详解】考查介词。句意：就这件事，我们和专家交流意见。此处意为“与......交流”，表达为exchange opinions with，故填with。 9．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我想把这件衬衫换成大号的。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是动词短语exchange A for B“以A换B”。故填for。 10．for 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：作为一个成年人，你需要对自己的所作所为负责。此处使用固定搭配be responsible for“对……负责”。故填for。 11．on/towards 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：人群愤怒地喊叫着向我们涌来。此处使用固定搭配advance on/towards“向（某人或某处）推进”。故填on/towards。 12．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：所以我才有了下周末去儿童慈善机构做志愿者的想法。此处使用介词for“为了”，固定搭配volunteer for“志愿服务，（使）自愿承担，主动提出承担，主动提出”。故填for。 13．on 【详解】考查介词。句意：一个环保志愿者应该勇敢地坚持与污染作斗争。insist on doing sth为固定搭配，意为“坚持继续做某事”故填on。 14．on/upon 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：不要活在过去，你应该把注意力集中在未来。focus one’ mind on/upon...(集中某人的注意力在……上)。故填on/upon。 15．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：只是等待而不去尝试并不是解决问题的最佳方法。solution to表示“对...解决方法”。故填to。 16．at 【详解】考查介词。句意：汤姆是一名高中生，擅长做报告。be expert at意为“很擅长……”；be an expert at意为“是……的行家/能手/专家”，设空处应填介词at。故填at。 Practice B 17．To be frank, I’m not content my learning styles and strategies. 18．Many young people prefer cola tea. 19．My sister has been attracted   singing since her childhood, so this chance was suitable her very much. After signing up the singing contest, she practised very hard and gave a very excellent performance. 20．I would like to warn you advance that if you smoke here, you will be fined. 21．Social anthropology examines family relationships detail. 22．In view the present situation, we’ll have to revise our original plan. 23． the request of their father, the twins cleaned up the kitchen. 24．After applying a little ointment his hand, Jeff soon applied himself to (clean) up the kitchen. 25．He was out of work, so he tried his best to narrow his expense 1,000 yuan every month. 26．Readers are free to comment the newly published book. 27．My speech is made up three sections. 28．When comes to Microsoft, the first person we think of is Bill Gates, the other co-founder of the firm. 29．The boy applied a visa before he went abroad. 30．It is this reason that he left the army and returned home. 31．There is nobody here other the teacher. 32．For instance, chess was recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. Now, some people wonder e-sports should also be considered sports. 参考答案： 17．with 【详解】考查介词。句意：坦率地说，我对自己的学习方式和策略不满意。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be content with意为“对……很满足”。故填with。 18．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：许多年轻人更喜欢喝可乐胜过喝茶。prefer...to...(更喜欢……胜过……)。故填to。 19． by for for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我妹妹从小就喜欢唱歌，所以这个机会非常适合她。报名参加歌唱比赛后，她刻苦练习，表演非常出色。由“My sister has been attracted”可知，“我”妹妹是被唱歌吸引，第一空意为“被”，用介词by；be suitable for是固定短语，意为“适合”，因此第二空是介词for；sign up for是固定短语，意为“报名参加”，因此第三空是介词for。故填by，for，for。 20．in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我想提前警告你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将被罚款。in advance是固定短语，意为“预先；提前”。故填in。 21．in 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：社会人类学详细研究家庭关系。此处使用固定搭配in detail“详细地”。故填in。 22．of 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：鉴于目前的情况，我们将不得不修改原来的计划。此处使用固定搭配in view of“鉴于”。故填of。 23．At 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：应父亲的要求，这对双胞胎打扫了厨房。此处使用固定短语at the request of“应……的要求”，at位于句首，首字母大写。故填At。 24． to cleaning 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：杰夫在手上涂了一点药膏后，很快就开始打扫厨房。①处使用固定短语apply...to“涂抹……于”，to为介词。apply oneself to doing sth.“致力于”，to为介词，②处使用clean up“清扫”的动名词，作to的宾语。故填①to②cleaning。 25．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：他失业了，所以他尽量把开销控制在每月1000元。此处考查动词短语narrow…to…，意为“把……缩小到”，设空处为介词to。故填to。 26．on/upon 【详解】考查介词。句意：读者可以自由地就这本新出版的书发表看法。结合语意可知，空处应用介词on/upon，构成短语comment on，表示“就……发表看法”，符合题意。故填on/upon。 27．of 【详解】考查介词。句意：我的演讲由三部分组成。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语be made up of，意为“由...组成”。故填of。 28．it 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：提到微软，我们首先想到的是比尔·盖茨，这家公司的另一位联合创始人。when it comes to当谈到，固定句型，故填it。 29．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：这个男孩出国前申请了签证。短语apply for表示“申请”，故填for。 30．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：正是因为这个原因，他离开了军队，回到了家乡。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用固定搭配for this reason“因为这个原因”。故填for。 31．than 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这里除了老师没有其他人。短语other than表示“除了……”。故填than。 32．if/whether 【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：例如，国际象棋在1999年被国际奥委会承认是一项运动。现在，有些人想知道电子竞技是否也应该被视为体育运动。分析句子结构可知，空处引导动词wonder的宾语从句。结合句意可知，空处应用表示“是否”的连接词if/whether。故填if/whether。 Practice C Do you know spring rolls? Spring rolls, 1 name is a translation of the Chinese chun juan, are 2 variety of filled, rolled dim sum found in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine. In China, the past spring rolls were regarded as a seasonal food 3 (eat) during the spring. They started as a pancake rolls stuffed with the new season’s spring vegetables. Nowadays, spring rolls can be enjoyed throughout the year and they are usually served as an 4 (amaze) starter for parties. Fried spring rolls are generally small. They can be sweet or salty; the former are often filled 5 red bean paste (红豆馅) and the latter are 6 (typical) prepared with vegetables. Non-fried spring rolls are usually 7 (big) than the fried ones. Unlike fried spring rolls, non-fried spring rolls 8 (make) by filling the wrappers with many different pre-cooked 9 (ingredient). Traditionally, they are food for the Cold Food Festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day in spring 10 (remember) ancestors. 【答案】 1．whose 2．a 3．eaten 4．amazing 5．with 6．typically 7．bigger 8．are made 9．ingredients 10．to remember 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国民间节日的一种传统食品——春卷。 1．考查定语从句。句意：春卷，这个名字是中文“春卷”的翻译，是东亚和东南亚美食中常见的各种馅卷点心。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Spring rolls，先行词与从句中的name之间为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 2． 考查冠词。句意：春卷，这个名字是中文“春卷”的翻译，是东亚和东南亚美食中常见的各种馅卷点心。a variety of固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。故填a。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，过去的春卷被认为是春天吃的应季食品。分析句子结构可知，“were regarded as”是句子的谓语部分，空格处需要非谓语动词作定语修饰名词food。food和eat之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填eaten。 4．考查形容词。句意：如今，春卷一年四季都可以享用，它们通常是派对的绝佳开端。修饰名词starter，应用所给词的形容词形式，amazing“令人惊喜的”，符合题意。故填amazing。 5．考查介词。句意：前者通常用红豆沙填充，后者通常用蔬菜烹制。be filled with固定搭配，意为“充满，装满”。故填with。 6．考查副词。句意：前者通常用红豆沙填充，后者通常用蔬菜烹制。空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。故填typically。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：非油炸春卷通常比油炸春卷大。根据空格后than可知，空格处用形容词比较级。故填bigger。 8．考查时态语态。句意：与油炸春卷不同，非油炸春卷是用许多不同的预先煮熟的材料填满外皮做成的。空格处是句子的谓语动词，主语spring rolls与动词make之间是被动关系；又因为本段陈述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。故填are made。 9． 考查名词复数。句意：与油炸春卷不同，非油炸春卷是用许多不同的预先煮熟的材料填满外皮做成的。ingredient为可数名词“原料”，空格处前有many different pre-cooked，因此应用该名词的复数形式。故填ingredients。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，它们是寒食节和清明节的食物，用来纪念祖先。空格处用不定式表示目的。故填to remember。 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 【第三组】 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What are the speakers going to do tonight? A．See a movie. B．Have a meal together. C．Chat on the Internet. 7．When do the speakers plan to meet? A．At about 8：10 p．m.. B．At about 8：20 p．m.. C．At about 8：30 p．m.. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What is wrong with the man? A．He has a running nose and a fever. B．He has a fever and a cough. C．He has a cough and a running nose. 9．How long has the man been sick? A．For one or two days. B．For two or three days. C．For three or four days. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What does the man want to do? A．Return some books. B．Borrow some books. C．Buy some books. 11．Where are cultural books? A．On the 2nd floor. B．On the 3rd floor. C．On the 4th floor. 12．What can we know about the woman? A．She works there. B．She lives there. C．She studies there. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．Why did the woman buy the dress? A．For a party. B．For a lecture. C．For an interview. 14．How much was taken off the price of the dress? A．10% B．20% C．30% 15．What did the man think of the book? A．Relaxing. B．Boring. C．Helpful. 16．Where is probably Mike now? A．At home. B．At school. C．In hospital. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What was Phillip? A．A poet. B．A teacher. C．A doctor. 18．Why did that old man dial that number the first time? A．He wanted to talk to Phillip. B．He dialed the wrong number. C．He was interested in poems. 19．How old was John when he knew Phillip? A．60 years old. B．63 years old. C．73 years old. 20．What do the two men like doing? A．Going out with friends. B．Talking over the phone. C．Drinking coffee together. 【第三组】答案 6～10　ABCBC 11～15　CABCB　16～20　CBBAB 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) M：Hey, Ann. Do you know when the movie starts tonight? W：At half past eight. Where do you want to meet? M：How about the KFC near my home? It'll be easier if we meet there. W：OK. Let's meet about ten minutes before the movie begins. M：OK. By the way, have you bought the tickets? W：Yes. I've already bought them on the Internet. All we have to do is get them at the cinema. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) W：Take a seat, young man. What's wrong with you? M：Well, I have a terrible cough and a running nose. W：I see. How long have you been feeling this way? M：For about two or three days. It started the day after I went swimming with some friends on Monday. W：I'm afraid you've got a cold. Do you have a temperature? M：No. I don't think so. W：OK. I'll just listen to your chest. Now breathe in and out slowly. And again. Good. That's it. Well, I don't think it's serious. You just need to take some medicine. M：That's great. I was really worried. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) W：Hi, can I help you? M：Yes, please. I want to buy a book, but I don't know where it is. W：What kind of book do you want? You know, different kinds of books are on different floors. M：I'm looking for a book on American culture. W：In this case, you need to go upstairs. Cultural books are on the fourth floor. M：Thanks. But I also need to find a math exercise book. W：Exercise books are on the second floor. You need to go downstairs. M：Thanks. It seems that you know the books here very well. Do you often buy books here? W：No, I'm a volunteer here. It's my duty to put the books back in the right places. M：No wonder. Well, thank you very much. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) W：I've just bought a new dress. What do you think of it? M：You look really great in it. So are you going to a job interview or a party? W：No. I was invited to give a talk in my school. M：So how much did you pay for it? W：I paid just 70 dollars for it. I saved 30 dollars. M：That's really a bargain. W：You're right. Well, what did you do while I was out shopping? M：I watched TV for a while and then I did some reading. It wasn't a very interesting book, so I just read a few pages. Then I took a shower. W：I thought you said you were going to see Mike. M：I'll go and visit him at his home tomorrow. He'll return home tomorrow morning. W：I'm glad he can finally return home after that accident. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) In February, 2005, my uncle Phillip was teaching his seventh­grade students a poem called Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. He liked the poem very much, so he recorded it on his home answering machine. When Phillip and his family returned home from their vacation, he listened to his voice messages. One old man said he dialed the wrong number. But, he added, he'd really enjoyed the poem. A few days later, that old man called. He said that he wanted to hear the poem again. The two men talked. John, now 73, who used to be a doctor, lived in another state. It turned out that his brother's number was almost the same as my uncle's. That was 13 years ago. They've spoken on the phone a few times a month ever since. They haven't gone to a game together or had a cup of coffee together. Their friendship is just to pick up the phone. And to them their best friend is someone they've never met. 2、语填练习 Passage A Legend has 1 that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2.000 years ago when he 2 (make) an elixir (丹药). He realized that soy milk left in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu. It’s 3 (universal) believed that Buddhist monks visiting China brought tofu back to neighbouring countries like Japan. 4 East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1,000 years, it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally. Benjamin Franklin, one of the United State’s founding fathers, wrote a letter 5 some soy beans attached while he was in London, praising it as a “Chinese cheese” in 1770. The letter was one of the earliest documents on record 6 mentioned tofu in the West. Li Shizeng, 7 enthusiast for tofu, is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia. It’s said that he was first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school. He ended up 8 (study) at the agricultural school in Montargis and becoming 9 (passion) about promoting tofu in France. Nowadays, tofu 10 (serve) in a modern way. In many fine restaurants, the menu is designed around its textures. The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons. 【答案】 1．it 2．was making 3．universally 4．While/Although/Though 5．with 6．that 7．an 8．studying 9．passionate 10．is served 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是豆腐的起源和发展。 1．考查代词。句意：相传，2000多年前，一位注重健康的中国王子刘安在制作长生不老药时发明了豆腐。Legend has it that...是固定句型，意为“据传说……”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。故填it。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：相传，2000多年前，一位注重健康的中国王子刘安在制作长生不老药时发明了豆腐。make是从句中谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系；结合句意，刘安在制作长生不老药的过程中发明了豆腐，表示动作正在进行中，用过去进行时态；主语是第三人称单数代词he，系动词用was。故填was making。 3．考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，访问中国的佛教僧侣将豆腐带回了日本等邻国。提示词修饰动词believed，用副词universally作状语，意为“普遍地”。故填universally。 4．考查连词。句意：虽然东亚人吃豆腐的历史已经有1000多年了，但豆腐在全球范围内流行起来花的时间要长得多。根据句意，“东亚人吃豆腐的历史已经有1000多年”和“豆腐在全球范围内流行起来花的时间要长得多”之间是转折关系，用从属连词while/although/though引导让步状语从句。故填While/Although/Though。 5．考查介词。句意：1770年，美国开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林在伦敦时写了一封信，信中附上了一些大豆，称赞它是“中国奶酪”。“　5　 some soy beans attached”是with复合结构作后置定语，修饰名词letter。故填with。 6．考查定语从句。句意：这封信是最早记载豆腐在西方出现的文献之一。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词documents，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，且先行词前有最高级形容词the earliest修饰，只能用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。 7．考查冠词。句意：人们通常认为，热衷豆腐的李师曾使豆腐在亚洲以外的地区得到了更广泛的接受。可数名词enthusiast在句中作同位语，表示“一位热衷者”，泛指，且enthusiast发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。end up doing...是固定搭配，意为“最终……”，用动名词作宾语。故填studying。 9．考查形容词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。提示词作表语，用形容词passionate，意为“热诚的，狂热的”。故填passionate。 10．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，豆腐以一种现代的方式上桌。serve是句中谓语动词，与主语tofu之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填is served。 Passage B 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Soon, every robotic dog will have its day! Isn’t it nice to always have a lovely dog follow you around and respond when 1 (ask) to sit down or shake hands? What 2 the dog has some unique skills, such as standing on one leg while resting on a chunk of tofu without destroying it, or continuously making back flips(后空翻)? This would be even better. In fact, a life-like quadrupedal (四只脚的) robotic dog 3 is developed by Chinese tech company Xiaomi Corp seems like that special one. 4 (weigh) 8.9 kilogram, about the size of a Doberman, CyberDog 2 is the latest push by Xiaomi to popularize quadrupedal robotics. With a black, shiny, futuristic design, CyberDog 2 can run along at speeds of 3.2 meters per second, analyze its surroundings in real-time, create navigational maps, plot its destination, 5 avoid obstacles (障碍物). “Coupled with human posture and face 6 (recognize) tracking, CyberDog is capable of following its owner and avoiding obstacles,“ said Lei Jun, CEO of Xiaomi. “This is the first time I 7 (see) a robotic dog in reality. It is quite cool!” said Zhang Lu, 8 university student in Wuhan, Hubei province, after witnessing CyberDog 2 during an exhibition earlier this month. “I have seen videos of people walking robotic dogs online. But it is 9 (interesting) in reality,” Zhang said, adding that domestic technology products have changed and developed rapidly. On being asked 10 the robot dog can help deliver parcels, an employee at Xiaomi said as long as the weight of the package is within the acceptable range of the flat back area of the robotic dog, it can be done. 【答案】 1．asked 2．if 3．that/which 4．Weighing 5．and 6．recognition 7．have seen 8．a 9．more interesting 10．whether/if 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小米中国科技公司小米公司研发了一款栩栩如生的四足机器狗。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：总是有一只可爱的狗跟着你，当你让它坐下或握手时，它会做出回应，这不是很好吗？分析句子结构可知ask与逻辑主语you构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填asked。 2．考查固定句型。句意：如果狗狗有一些独特的技能，比如在一块豆腐上单腿站立而不破坏它，或者连续做后空翻呢？表示“如果……怎么办？”句型为what if…。故填if。 3．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，中国科技公司小米公司研发的一款栩栩如生的四足机器狗似乎就很特别。定语从句修饰先行词a life-like quadrupedal robotic dog，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：CyberDog 2重8.9公斤，和杜宾犬差不多大，是小米推广四足机器人的最新产品。分析句子结构可知weigh与逻辑主语CyberDog构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Weighing。 5．考查连词。句意：CyberDog 2拥有黑色、闪亮、未来感十足的设计，可以以每秒3.2米的速度奔跑，实时分析周围环境，创建导航地图，绘制目的地，并避开障碍物。结合语境可知前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 6．考查名词。句意：小米首席执行官雷军表示：“再加上人类的姿势和面部识别跟踪，网络狗能够跟随主人并避开障碍物。”表示“识别”应用名词recognition，作定语。故填recognition。 7．考查时态。句意：“这是我第一次在现实中看到机器狗。真是太酷了！”张路是湖北武汉的一名大学生，他在本月初的一次展览中目睹了《网络狗2》。此处为句型this is the first time+现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have seen。 8．考查冠词。句意：“这是我第一次在现实中看到机器狗。真是太酷了！”张路是湖北武汉的一名大学生，他在本月初的一次展览中目睹了《网络狗2》。此处student为泛指，且university是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 9．考查比较级。句意：但它在现实中更有趣。结合句意表示“在现实中更有趣”应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more interesting。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：当被问及机器狗是否可以帮助递送包裹时，小米的一名员工表示，只要包裹的重量在机器狗平坦背部的可接受范围内，就可以完成。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示是否应用whether/if。故填whether/if。 $$nullnull第10讲 课文初探 +语法填空（无提示词） 一、听见课文Everywhere (survive) looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks (cover) the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now (fill) the wells instead of water. People were (短语)—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and (electric)were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the (n灾害) would last. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to (挖掘)those who were (trap) and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to (breathe) again. Tangshan started to (revival) itself and get back up on its feet . With strong support from the government and the tireless (effort) of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to (短语)seven million people, with great (improve) in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the (wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future． 词汇及短语归纳总结 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ⑲survivor n．幸存者；生还者 ⑳nothing but只有，只，仅仅 percent [pə'sent] n.百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 gone adj.不复存在的；一去不复返的 brick [brIk] n．砖；砖块 blow away刮走；吹走 track n．轨道；跑道 keep track of了解；与……保持联系；跟上……的进展；掌握……的最新消息 metal ['metl] n．金属 shock [ʃɒk] n．震惊；令人震惊的事/休克 vt.(使)震惊 in shock震惊；吃惊 electricity [Iˌlek'trIsəti] n．电；电能 dig out挖出 trap [træp] vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱 bury ['beri] vt.埋葬；安葬 the dead死者；逝者(“the＋adj.”可表示一类人) medical care医疗护理 breathe [briːð] vi.& vt.呼吸 revive [rɪ'vaɪv]vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒 revival [rɪ'vaɪvl]n.振兴；复苏 on one's feet恢复健康； 站立着 support n．支持 effort ['efət] n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 in times of在……时期 unify ['juːnɪfaI] vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体 wisdom ['wɪzdəm] n．智慧；才智 positive adj.积极的；肯定的 stay positive 保持乐观 二、题型初识 1、从冠介代连说起 Passage A My name is Tony. I'm a traffic policeman. I'm glad to hear that you are going on an outing tomorrow. For everyone's safety, I'll give you some advice on how 　1． 　 stay safe. First of all, you should take care of your own safety. You should always put safety first. Second, you should obey traffic safety rules. Don't cross the road 　2． 　 the green light is on. Some of you like to go hiking 　3． 　 bike. Don't forget to wear helmets when you ride your bike. You need to ride 　4． 　 the right. If there is 　5． 　 traffic accident, remember to call the accident telephone for help. Finally, you should care for each other and help each other. I hope you will have a good trip. Thank you. 参考答案： 1．to；2．until；3．by；4．on；5．a 1．句意：为了大家的安全，我会给你一些关于如何保持安全的建议。分析句子结构可知，此处“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语，因此to符合句意，故填to。 2．句意：绿灯亮时再过马路。根据“the green light is on”可知，直到绿灯亮再过马路，not...until...“直到……才……”，故填until。 3．句意：你们有些人喜欢骑自行车去徒步旅行。by bike“骑自行车”，故填by。 4．句意：你需要靠右行驶。根据生活常识可知，在右边骑自行车，on the right“在右边”，固定搭配。故填on。 5．句意：如果发生交通事故，记得打事故电话求助。根据“traffic accident”可知，需要不定冠词表示泛指，traffic是辅音音素开头，因此a符合句意，故填a。 Passage B We'll never forget the special trip to Thailand. It was our first time to visit　6． 　 hot and wet city of Bangkok. All the smells made us try the food. We enjoyed something special for dinner. The hotel we stayed in was cheap and very clean. We planned to stay there for a few days and to visit some places in the city, and then traveled to Chiang Mai (清迈) in the north. Bangkok was wonderful and surprising! The places were interesting. We visited the famous place　7． 　was on the water, and saw a lot of fruit and vegetables. Everything was so colorful, and we took hundreds of photos there! Later we left　8． 　 Chiang Mai. We took a train to the north, stayed in Chiang Mai for two days, and then went to Chiang Rai (清莱) by bus. Our trip to Chiang Rai was long and boring. We visited a small village　9． 　 the foot of a mountain. The village people there loved the quiet life. We found that there were no computers　10． 　 phones there. Most of the houses were low and simple. They were the kindest people I had ever met. They always smiled and said "hello". My brother and I could only speak a few of Thai words, so smiling was the best way to show our kindness. I feel good there and hope to be able to go back there next year. 参考答案： 6．the；7．that/which；8．for；9．at；10．or 6．句意：这是我们第一次参观这个又热又湿的曼谷城市。根据" hot and wet city of Bangkok. "可知这里是特指，用定冠词the，故答案为the。 7．句意：我们参观了在水上的著名的地方。句子是定语从句，place是先行词，指物，定语从句缺少主语，指物做主语的关系代词用that或者which，故答案为 that/which 。 8．句意：后来我们动身去清迈。根据"We took a train to the north, stayed in Chiang Mai for two days, and then went to Chiang Rai(清莱) by bus. "可知我们动身去清迈，leave for是固定短语，动身去某地，故答案为for。 9．句意：我们在山脚下参观了一些小村庄。at the foot of a mountain是在山脚下，符合题意，故答案为at。 10．句意：我们发现那里没有电脑或者电话。computers和phones是并列关系，根据no可知句子是否定句，用or连接，故答案为or。 Passage C When I was at the age of twelve, my mother taught me a valuable lesson that I will never forget. 　11． 　 was a sunny day. I was walking down the street with my mother when we met Mr. Brown. I could see Mr. Brown at any time around the neighbor. So I just stood there. Later, my mother said something wonderful, "It's the last time you went 　12． 　 somebody you know without opening your mouth, because it was impolite." At school, I slowly got used 　13． 　 saying "hello" and "see you tomorrow" to my teachers and people who swept our school. Now, it has become 　14． 　 habit to greet others. Now I speak to people I know if meeting them. When someone 　15． 　 hears you greet to him smiles happily, you will realize how powerful it is to say hello. 参考答案： 11．It；12．by；13．to；14．a；15．who 11．句意：那是一个阳光明媚的日子。结合a sunny day阳光明媚的日子，可知讲的是天气，故用代词it，做主语，故答案为：It。 12．句意：这是你最后一次不说话就离开你认识的人，因为这是不礼貌的。句子中提到了without opening your mouth，暗示了某种方式或手段。在英文中，go by通常用于表示"经过、走过"某人或某地，而without opening your mouth进一步强调了"默默地"或"不吭声地"走过。故答案为：by。 13．句意：在学校里，我慢慢习惯了对我的老师和清扫我们学校的人说"你好"和"明天见"。get used to固定短语，表示"习惯于"。其后需要接动名词或名词作为宾语。在这个语境中，"saying 'hello' and 'see you tomorrow'"是动名词短语，表示"说‘你好‘和‘明天见'"。因此，to作为介词，连接get used和动名词短语。故答案为：to。 14．句意：现在，问候别人已经成为我的习惯。habit"是可数名词，表示"习惯"。在英文中，当提到某物成为一种习惯时，通常会在其前加上不定冠词a或an。由于habit的发音以辅音音素开头，所以使用a，故答案为：a。 15．句意：当听到你问候的人开心地微笑时，你会意识到打招呼是多么有力。who作为关系代词，引导了一个定语从句，修饰先行词someone。这个定语从句描述了"某个人"在听到你的问候后高兴地微笑的情景。故答案为：who。 2、题型讲解 1. 冠词使用规则 定冠词 "the" 的用法： a) 用于独一无二的事物。 b) 用于双方都知晓的事物。 c) 用于方位名词。 d) 用于the+最高级。 e) 用于the+（西洋）乐器。 f) 用于the +姓氏复数指代某人一家。 g) 用于the +形容词指代一类人。 h) 用于山河湖泊。 i) 用于党派政府机关。 j) 用于序数词。 不定冠词 "a/an" 的用法： a) "a" 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，如 "a boy"。 b) "an" 用于元音音素开头的单词前，如 "an apple"。 零冠词的用法： · 泛指复数日三餐；球类运动季节前；星期月份节假日；抽象国名或语种。 2. 介词和连词 介词 "in/on/at/of/for/from/with" 等的用法： a) 与动名词 "doing" 结合。 b) 固定搭配，如 "as a result of"。 连词的用法： a) 并列关系：and, both...and..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as。 b) 转折关系：but, yet, however, while。 c) 选择关系：or, or else, either...or..., otherwise。 d) 因果关系：so, for, therefore。 3. 代词用法 主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词： · 用于人称代词的不同格和功能。 指示代词： · 近指 "this", "these"；远指 "that", "those"。 替代词 "one", "ones", "that", "those", "it" 的用法： a) "it" 代替可数名词单数和不可数名词。 b) "one" 代替可数名词单数，表泛指。 c) "ones" 代替复数名词。 d) "that", "those" 用于特指。 "It" 的特殊用法： a) 指时间、距离、天气等。 b) 用于不清楚对方身份的情况。 c) 作形式主语或宾语。 d) 用于强调句型。 e) 用于固定搭配。 4. 定语从句 a) 跟在名词或代词之后，如 "the book (that my mother bought) is nice"。 b) 定语从句缺主语/宾语时不用 "what"，使用 "that" 或 "which"。 c) 只用 "that" 不用 "which" 的情况： 有最高级；序数词；主语有人又有物；主句有 "all"、"some"、"any" 等不定代词。 d) 用 "which" 的情况：逗号之后；介词之后。 5. 名词性从句 a) 主语从句：充当主语，如 "That he likes playing basketball is known to all"。 b) 宾语从句：充当宾语，如 "I don’t know what he said"。 c) 表语从句：充当表语，如 "the good news is that he wins the first prize"。 d) 同位语从句：放在名词之后，如 "The good news that he wins the first prize surprises us" 3、同频练习 Practice A 1．I have little confidence him. 2．He is confident victory. 3．I can’t concentrate my homework with all that noise going on. 4．He was frightened losing power. 5． annoyed me when I found him lying to me. 6．He was annoyed the disturbing news that the company would fire 50% of its employees the next year. 7．Do you think he broke the vase design or chance? 8．We exchange opinions the experts on this matter. 9．I'd like to exchange this shirt a large size. 10．As an adult, you need to be responsible what you have done. 11．The crowd advanced us, shouting angrily. 12．That’s where I got the idea to volunteer children’s charity next weekend. 13．An environmental-protection volunteer should insist fighting against pollution with courage. 14．Don’t live in the past, and you should focus your mind the future. 15．Just waiting instead of trying is not the best solution your problem. 16．Tom, a senior high school student, is (an) expert making presentations. 参考答案： 1．in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我对他没有信心。根据“对……有信心”的英文为have confidence in，故填in。 2．of/about 【详解】考查介词。句意：他对胜利充满信心。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是介词短语be confident of/about“对……有信心”。故填of或about。 3．on/upon 【详解】考查介词。句意：吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法专心做作业。concentrate on/upon表示“专心做”，故填on/upon。 4．of 【详解】考查介词。句意：他害怕失去权力。固定搭配be frightened of...“害怕……”。故填of。 5．It 【详解】考查形式主语。句意：当我发现他对我说谎时，我很生气。根据句意，when引导的从句内容应为我生气的事情，放在句尾，故应为it作形式主语。故填It。 6．about/by/at 【详解】考查介词。句意：他对公司明年将解雇50%员工的令人不安的消息感到恼火。be annoyed 后用介词about或by或at，后接事物。故填about/by/at。 7． by by 【详解】考查介词。句意：你认为他打破花瓶是故意的还是偶然的？by design“故意”，by chance“偶然”，都为固定短语。故填by，by。 8．with 【详解】考查介词。句意：就这件事，我们和专家交流意见。此处意为“与......交流”，表达为exchange opinions with，故填with。 9．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我想把这件衬衫换成大号的。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是动词短语exchange A for B“以A换B”。故填for。 10．for 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：作为一个成年人，你需要对自己的所作所为负责。此处使用固定搭配be responsible for“对……负责”。故填for。 11．on/towards 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：人群愤怒地喊叫着向我们涌来。此处使用固定搭配advance on/towards“向（某人或某处）推进”。故填on/towards。 12．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：所以我才有了下周末去儿童慈善机构做志愿者的想法。此处使用介词for“为了”，固定搭配volunteer for“志愿服务，（使）自愿承担，主动提出承担，主动提出”。故填for。 13．on 【详解】考查介词。句意：一个环保志愿者应该勇敢地坚持与污染作斗争。insist on doing sth为固定搭配，意为“坚持继续做某事”故填on。 14．on/upon 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：不要活在过去，你应该把注意力集中在未来。focus one’ mind on/upon...(集中某人的注意力在……上)。故填on/upon。 15．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：只是等待而不去尝试并不是解决问题的最佳方法。solution to表示“对...解决方法”。故填to。 16．at 【详解】考查介词。句意：汤姆是一名高中生，擅长做报告。be expert at意为“很擅长……”；be an expert at意为“是……的行家/能手/专家”，设空处应填介词at。故填at。 Practice B 17．To be frank, I’m not content my learning styles and strategies. 18．Many young people prefer cola tea. 19．My sister has been attracted   singing since her childhood, so this chance was suitable her very much. After signing up the singing contest, she practised very hard and gave a very excellent performance. 20．I would like to warn you advance that if you smoke here, you will be fined. 21．Social anthropology examines family relationships detail. 22．In view the present situation, we’ll have to revise our original plan. 23． the request of their father, the twins cleaned up the kitchen. 24．After applying a little ointment his hand, Jeff soon applied himself to (clean) up the kitchen. 25．He was out of work, so he tried his best to narrow his expense 1,000 yuan every month. 26．Readers are free to comment the newly published book. 27．My speech is made up three sections. 28．When comes to Microsoft, the first person we think of is Bill Gates, the other co-founder of the firm. 29．The boy applied a visa before he went abroad. 30．It is this reason that he left the army and returned home. 31．There is nobody here other the teacher. 32．For instance, chess was recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. Now, some people wonder e-sports should also be considered sports. 参考答案： 17．with 【详解】考查介词。句意：坦率地说，我对自己的学习方式和策略不满意。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be content with意为“对……很满足”。故填with。 18．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：许多年轻人更喜欢喝可乐胜过喝茶。prefer...to...(更喜欢……胜过……)。故填to。 19． by for for 【详解】考查介词。句意：我妹妹从小就喜欢唱歌，所以这个机会非常适合她。报名参加歌唱比赛后，她刻苦练习，表演非常出色。由“My sister has been attracted”可知，“我”妹妹是被唱歌吸引，第一空意为“被”，用介词by；be suitable for是固定短语，意为“适合”，因此第二空是介词for；sign up for是固定短语，意为“报名参加”，因此第三空是介词for。故填by，for，for。 20．in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我想提前警告你，如果你在这里吸烟，你将被罚款。in advance是固定短语，意为“预先；提前”。故填in。 21．in 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：社会人类学详细研究家庭关系。此处使用固定搭配in detail“详细地”。故填in。 22．of 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：鉴于目前的情况，我们将不得不修改原来的计划。此处使用固定搭配in view of“鉴于”。故填of。 23．At 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：应父亲的要求，这对双胞胎打扫了厨房。此处使用固定短语at the request of“应……的要求”，at位于句首，首字母大写。故填At。 24． to cleaning 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：杰夫在手上涂了一点药膏后，很快就开始打扫厨房。①处使用固定短语apply...to“涂抹……于”，to为介词。apply oneself to doing sth.“致力于”，to为介词，②处使用clean up“清扫”的动名词，作to的宾语。故填①to②cleaning。 25．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：他失业了，所以他尽量把开销控制在每月1000元。此处考查动词短语narrow…to…，意为“把……缩小到”，设空处为介词to。故填to。 26．on/upon 【详解】考查介词。句意：读者可以自由地就这本新出版的书发表看法。结合语意可知，空处应用介词on/upon，构成短语comment on，表示“就……发表看法”，符合题意。故填on/upon。 27．of 【详解】考查介词。句意：我的演讲由三部分组成。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语be made up of，意为“由...组成”。故填of。 28．it 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：提到微软，我们首先想到的是比尔·盖茨，这家公司的另一位联合创始人。when it comes to当谈到，固定句型，故填it。 29．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：这个男孩出国前申请了签证。短语apply for表示“申请”，故填for。 30．for 【详解】考查介词。句意：正是因为这个原因，他离开了军队，回到了家乡。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用固定搭配for this reason“因为这个原因”。故填for。 31．than 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这里除了老师没有其他人。短语other than表示“除了……”。故填than。 32．if/whether 【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：例如，国际象棋在1999年被国际奥委会承认是一项运动。现在，有些人想知道电子竞技是否也应该被视为体育运动。分析句子结构可知，空处引导动词wonder的宾语从句。结合句意可知，空处应用表示“是否”的连接词if/whether。故填if/whether。 Practice C Do you know spring rolls? Spring rolls, 1 name is a translation of the Chinese chun juan, are 2 variety of filled, rolled dim sum found in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine. In China, the past spring rolls were regarded as a seasonal food 3 (eat) during the spring. They started as a pancake rolls stuffed with the new season’s spring vegetables. Nowadays, spring rolls can be enjoyed throughout the year and they are usually served as an 4 (amaze) starter for parties. Fried spring rolls are generally small. They can be sweet or salty; the former are often filled 5 red bean paste (红豆馅) and the latter are 6 (typical) prepared with vegetables. Non-fried spring rolls are usually 7 (big) than the fried ones. Unlike fried spring rolls, non-fried spring rolls 8 (make) by filling the wrappers with many different pre-cooked 9 (ingredient). Traditionally, they are food for the Cold Food Festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day in spring 10 (remember) ancestors. 【答案】 1．whose 2．a 3．eaten 4．amazing 5．with 6．typically 7．bigger 8．are made 9．ingredients 10．to remember 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国民间节日的一种传统食品——春卷。 1．考查定语从句。句意：春卷，这个名字是中文“春卷”的翻译，是东亚和东南亚美食中常见的各种馅卷点心。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Spring rolls，先行词与从句中的name之间为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 2． 考查冠词。句意：春卷，这个名字是中文“春卷”的翻译，是东亚和东南亚美食中常见的各种馅卷点心。a variety of固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”。故填a。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，过去的春卷被认为是春天吃的应季食品。分析句子结构可知，“were regarded as”是句子的谓语部分，空格处需要非谓语动词作定语修饰名词food。food和eat之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填eaten。 4．考查形容词。句意：如今，春卷一年四季都可以享用，它们通常是派对的绝佳开端。修饰名词starter，应用所给词的形容词形式，amazing“令人惊喜的”，符合题意。故填amazing。 5．考查介词。句意：前者通常用红豆沙填充，后者通常用蔬菜烹制。be filled with固定搭配，意为“充满，装满”。故填with。 6．考查副词。句意：前者通常用红豆沙填充，后者通常用蔬菜烹制。空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。故填typically。 7．考查形容词比较级。句意：非油炸春卷通常比油炸春卷大。根据空格后than可知，空格处用形容词比较级。故填bigger。 8．考查时态语态。句意：与油炸春卷不同，非油炸春卷是用许多不同的预先煮熟的材料填满外皮做成的。空格处是句子的谓语动词，主语spring rolls与动词make之间是被动关系；又因为本段陈述一般性事实，应用一般现在时。故填are made。 9． 考查名词复数。句意：与油炸春卷不同，非油炸春卷是用许多不同的预先煮熟的材料填满外皮做成的。ingredient为可数名词“原料”，空格处前有many different pre-cooked，因此应用该名词的复数形式。故填ingredients。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，它们是寒食节和清明节的食物，用来纪念祖先。空格处用不定式表示目的。故填to remember。 三、课后作业 1、听力小练 【第三组】 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．What are the speakers going to do tonight? A．See a movie. B．Have a meal together. C．Chat on the Internet. 7．When do the speakers plan to meet? A．At about 8：10 p．m.. B．At about 8：20 p．m.. C．At about 8：30 p．m.. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．What is wrong with the man? A．He has a running nose and a fever. B．He has a fever and a cough. C．He has a cough and a running nose. 9．How long has the man been sick? A．For one or two days. B．For two or three days. C．For three or four days. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What does the man want to do? A．Return some books. B．Borrow some books. C．Buy some books. 11．Where are cultural books? A．On the 2nd floor. B．On the 3rd floor. C．On the 4th floor. 12．What can we know about the woman? A．She works there. B．She lives there. C．She studies there. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．Why did the woman buy the dress? A．For a party. B．For a lecture. C．For an interview. 14．How much was taken off the price of the dress? A．10% B．20% C．30% 15．What did the man think of the book? A．Relaxing. B．Boring. C．Helpful. 16．Where is probably Mike now? A．At home. B．At school. C．In hospital. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What was Phillip? A．A poet. B．A teacher. C．A doctor. 18．Why did that old man dial that number the first time? A．He wanted to talk to Phillip. B．He dialed the wrong number. C．He was interested in poems. 19．How old was John when he knew Phillip? A．60 years old. B．63 years old. C．73 years old. 20．What do the two men like doing? A．Going out with friends. B．Talking over the phone. C．Drinking coffee together. 【第三组】答案 6～10　ABCBC 11～15　CABCB　16～20　CBBAB 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) M：Hey, Ann. Do you know when the movie starts tonight? W：At half past eight. Where do you want to meet? M：How about the KFC near my home? It'll be easier if we meet there. W：OK. Let's meet about ten minutes before the movie begins. M：OK. By the way, have you bought the tickets? W：Yes. I've already bought them on the Internet. All we have to do is get them at the cinema. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) W：Take a seat, young man. What's wrong with you? M：Well, I have a terrible cough and a running nose. W：I see. How long have you been feeling this way? M：For about two or three days. It started the day after I went swimming with some friends on Monday. W：I'm afraid you've got a cold. Do you have a temperature? M：No. I don't think so. W：OK. I'll just listen to your chest. Now breathe in and out slowly. And again. Good. That's it. Well, I don't think it's serious. You just need to take some medicine. M：That's great. I was really worried. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) W：Hi, can I help you? M：Yes, please. I want to buy a book, but I don't know where it is. W：What kind of book do you want? You know, different kinds of books are on different floors. M：I'm looking for a book on American culture. W：In this case, you need to go upstairs. Cultural books are on the fourth floor. M：Thanks. But I also need to find a math exercise book. W：Exercise books are on the second floor. You need to go downstairs. M：Thanks. It seems that you know the books here very well. Do you often buy books here? W：No, I'm a volunteer here. It's my duty to put the books back in the right places. M：No wonder. Well, thank you very much. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) W：I've just bought a new dress. What do you think of it? M：You look really great in it. So are you going to a job interview or a party? W：No. I was invited to give a talk in my school. M：So how much did you pay for it? W：I paid just 70 dollars for it. I saved 30 dollars. M：That's really a bargain. W：You're right. Well, what did you do while I was out shopping? M：I watched TV for a while and then I did some reading. It wasn't a very interesting book, so I just read a few pages. Then I took a shower. W：I thought you said you were going to see Mike. M：I'll go and visit him at his home tomorrow. He'll return home tomorrow morning. W：I'm glad he can finally return home after that accident. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) In February, 2005, my uncle Phillip was teaching his seventh­grade students a poem called Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. He liked the poem very much, so he recorded it on his home answering machine. When Phillip and his family returned home from their vacation, he listened to his voice messages. One old man said he dialed the wrong number. But, he added, he'd really enjoyed the poem. A few days later, that old man called. He said that he wanted to hear the poem again. The two men talked. John, now 73, who used to be a doctor, lived in another state. It turned out that his brother's number was almost the same as my uncle's. That was 13 years ago. They've spoken on the phone a few times a month ever since. They haven't gone to a game together or had a cup of coffee together. Their friendship is just to pick up the phone. And to them their best friend is someone they've never met. 2、语填练习 Passage A Legend has 1 that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2.000 years ago when he 2 (make) an elixir (丹药). He realized that soy milk left in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu. It’s 3 (universal) believed that Buddhist monks visiting China brought tofu back to neighbouring countries like Japan. 4 East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1,000 years, it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally. Benjamin Franklin, one of the United State’s founding fathers, wrote a letter 5 some soy beans attached while he was in London, praising it as a “Chinese cheese” in 1770. The letter was one of the earliest documents on record 6 mentioned tofu in the West. Li Shizeng, 7 enthusiast for tofu, is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia. It’s said that he was first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school. He ended up 8 (study) at the agricultural school in Montargis and becoming 9 (passion) about promoting tofu in France. Nowadays, tofu 10 (serve) in a modern way. In many fine restaurants, the menu is designed around its textures. The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons. 【答案】 1．it 2．was making 3．universally 4．While/Although/Though 5．with 6．that 7．an 8．studying 9．passionate 10．is served 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是豆腐的起源和发展。 1．考查代词。句意：相传，2000多年前，一位注重健康的中国王子刘安在制作长生不老药时发明了豆腐。Legend has it that...是固定句型，意为“据传说……”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的从句。故填it。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：相传，2000多年前，一位注重健康的中国王子刘安在制作长生不老药时发明了豆腐。make是从句中谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系；结合句意，刘安在制作长生不老药的过程中发明了豆腐，表示动作正在进行中，用过去进行时态；主语是第三人称单数代词he，系动词用was。故填was making。 3．考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，访问中国的佛教僧侣将豆腐带回了日本等邻国。提示词修饰动词believed，用副词universally作状语，意为“普遍地”。故填universally。 4．考查连词。句意：虽然东亚人吃豆腐的历史已经有1000多年了，但豆腐在全球范围内流行起来花的时间要长得多。根据句意，“东亚人吃豆腐的历史已经有1000多年”和“豆腐在全球范围内流行起来花的时间要长得多”之间是转折关系，用从属连词while/although/though引导让步状语从句。故填While/Although/Though。 5．考查介词。句意：1770年，美国开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林在伦敦时写了一封信，信中附上了一些大豆，称赞它是“中国奶酪”。“　5　 some soy beans attached”是with复合结构作后置定语，修饰名词letter。故填with。 6．考查定语从句。句意：这封信是最早记载豆腐在西方出现的文献之一。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词documents，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，且先行词前有最高级形容词the earliest修饰，只能用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。 7．考查冠词。句意：人们通常认为，热衷豆腐的李师曾使豆腐在亚洲以外的地区得到了更广泛的接受。可数名词enthusiast在句中作同位语，表示“一位热衷者”，泛指，且enthusiast发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。end up doing...是固定搭配，意为“最终……”，用动名词作宾语。故填studying。 9．考查形容词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。提示词作表语，用形容词passionate，意为“热诚的，狂热的”。故填passionate。 10．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，豆腐以一种现代的方式上桌。serve是句中谓语动词，与主语tofu之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填is served。 Passage B 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Soon, every robotic dog will have its day! Isn’t it nice to always have a lovely dog follow you around and respond when 1 (ask) to sit down or shake hands? What 2 the dog has some unique skills, such as standing on one leg while resting on a chunk of tofu without destroying it, or continuously making back flips(后空翻)? This would be even better. In fact, a life-like quadrupedal (四只脚的) robotic dog 3 is developed by Chinese tech company Xiaomi Corp seems like that special one. 4 (weigh) 8.9 kilogram, about the size of a Doberman, CyberDog 2 is the latest push by Xiaomi to popularize quadrupedal robotics. With a black, shiny, futuristic design, CyberDog 2 can run along at speeds of 3.2 meters per second, analyze its surroundings in real-time, create navigational maps, plot its destination, 5 avoid obstacles (障碍物). “Coupled with human posture and face 6 (recognize) tracking, CyberDog is capable of following its owner and avoiding obstacles,“ said Lei Jun, CEO of Xiaomi. “This is the first time I 7 (see) a robotic dog in reality. It is quite cool!” said Zhang Lu, 8 university student in Wuhan, Hubei province, after witnessing CyberDog 2 during an exhibition earlier this month. “I have seen videos of people walking robotic dogs online. But it is 9 (interesting) in reality,” Zhang said, adding that domestic technology products have changed and developed rapidly. On being asked 10 the robot dog can help deliver parcels, an employee at Xiaomi said as long as the weight of the package is within the acceptable range of the flat back area of the robotic dog, it can be done. 【答案】 1．asked 2．if 3．that/which 4．Weighing 5．and 6．recognition 7．have seen 8．a 9．more interesting 10．whether/if 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小米中国科技公司小米公司研发了一款栩栩如生的四足机器狗。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：总是有一只可爱的狗跟着你，当你让它坐下或握手时，它会做出回应，这不是很好吗？分析句子结构可知ask与逻辑主语you构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填asked。 2．考查固定句型。句意：如果狗狗有一些独特的技能，比如在一块豆腐上单腿站立而不破坏它，或者连续做后空翻呢？表示“如果……怎么办？”句型为what if…。故填if。 3．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，中国科技公司小米公司研发的一款栩栩如生的四足机器狗似乎就很特别。定语从句修饰先行词a life-like quadrupedal robotic dog，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：CyberDog 2重8.9公斤，和杜宾犬差不多大，是小米推广四足机器人的最新产品。分析句子结构可知weigh与逻辑主语CyberDog构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Weighing。 5．考查连词。句意：CyberDog 2拥有黑色、闪亮、未来感十足的设计，可以以每秒3.2米的速度奔跑，实时分析周围环境，创建导航地图，绘制目的地，并避开障碍物。结合语境可知前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。 6．考查名词。句意：小米首席执行官雷军表示：“再加上人类的姿势和面部识别跟踪，网络狗能够跟随主人并避开障碍物。”表示“识别”应用名词recognition，作定语。故填recognition。 7．考查时态。句意：“这是我第一次在现实中看到机器狗。真是太酷了！”张路是湖北武汉的一名大学生，他在本月初的一次展览中目睹了《网络狗2》。此处为句型this is the first time+现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have seen。 8．考查冠词。句意：“这是我第一次在现实中看到机器狗。真是太酷了！”张路是湖北武汉的一名大学生，他在本月初的一次展览中目睹了《网络狗2》。此处student为泛指，且university是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 9．考查比较级。句意：但它在现实中更有趣。结合句意表示“在现实中更有趣”应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more interesting。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：当被问及机器狗是否可以帮助递送包裹时，小米的一名员工表示，只要包裹的重量在机器狗平坦背部的可接受范围内，就可以完成。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示是否应用whether/if。故填whether/if。 $$