Unit 5 Lesson 3 Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修2同步课件 (北师大版)

03 Lesson 3 Race to the Pole Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 1 A [河北邯郸2024高一期末] Antarctica is a great, icy land, surrounded by the huge Southern Ocean. The ice in Antarctica doesn’t just cover the land. There’s also a large area of sea ice on the ocean’s surface. Every year, the sea ice at the South Pole goes through a cycle. In the summer, the huge sea ice melts （融化） to its smallest point. Over the colder winter months, the sea ice grows. Usually, the sea ice covers the greatest area around September 23, as winter ends at the South Pole. Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979. For most of this time, Antarctica seemed to be almost unaffected by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the globe. That began to change around 2016. Now, for several years, the area of Antarctic sea ice has been shrinking. 刷阅读理解 2 In 2023, the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center （NSIDC） reported that Antarctic sea ice covered its greatest area on September 10—almost two weeks earlier than normal. And the sea ice extent was at a new record low—not just by a little bit, but by a lot. The last time Antarctic sea ice set a record low extent at the end of winter was in 1986. And in 2023, there’s about 1.03 million square kilometers less sea ice than in 1986. Scientists are still trying to understand what is driving the change in Antarctica. One likely direct cause of the change is the rising temperatures of the world’s ocean. Ted Scambos, a research scientist at the University of Colorado, says Antarctic ice levels have always changed some, but the sharp loss in 2023 is “pointing toward warmer ocean conditions around the continent.” 刷阅读理解 The new low record has concerned the scientists. The sea ice is an important factor in lowering the temperatures of the earth. When it is frozen, sea ice reflects sunlight back out into space. But when the sea ice melts, the water left behind is darker, and takes in and keeps more heat. Scientists are working hard to better understand Antarctica. They don’t know yet if this is just a short-term problem, or part of a long-term shift （转变） toward less sea ice in Antarctica. 刷阅读理解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了南极的海冰不断消融，海冰最大面积创历史新低。 1.What does the underlined word “shrinking” in paragraph 3 mean?( ) A A.Getting smaller. B.Being flat. C.Observed. D.Measured. 解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979. For most of this time, Antarctica seemed to be almost unaffected by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the globe. That began to change around 2016.和第四段中的In 2023和the sea ice extent was at a new record low可知，大部分时间南极海冰几乎没有受到全球其他地区天气变化的影响。但是这种情况在2016年前后发生改变，2023年，海冰最大面积创历史新低。由此推测，画线词意为“缩小；减少”。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 5 2.Why does the author mention the record in 1986?( ) B A.To give an example. B.To make a comparison. C.To make a summary. D.To offer an argument. 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，2023年南极海冰面积创历史新低，比1986年创下的最低纪录还少103万平方千米。由此推测，作者提到1986年的记录是为了拿现在和之前的数据作对比。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 6 3.What is the possible direct reason for the change in Antarctic sea ice?( ) D A.The changing weather conditions. B.Human activities in Antarctica. C.Increased volcanic activities in the area. D.The increasing temperatures of the global ocean. 解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中的One likely direct cause of the change is the rising temperatures of the world’s ocean.可知，造成南极海冰面积改变的一个直接原因可能是全球海洋温度的上升。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 7 4.What can we know about Antarctic sea ice?( ) A A.It’s key to the earth’s cooling system. B.Its melting is just a short-term problem. C.It reminds us to find water resources. D.It offers humans a bright future. 解析 细节理解题。由最后一段中的The sea ice is an important factor in lowering the temperatures of the earth.可知，南极海冰是降低地球温度的一个关键因素。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 8 B [江苏镇江2024高一期末] The world’s longest cave system is in the state of Kentucky. Mammoth Cave National Park preserves this unique and historical natural wonder. There may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored. In addition, more than 200 caves that are disconnected from the larger system can be found in the park. The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone （石灰岩） erosion. Rain and rivers slowly dissolve （溶解） and shape soft limestone. The system is still being shaped today. Not only are they an amazing destination to visit, but the system also provides drinking water for about 40% of the US population. The caves’ first explorers were Native Americans, who mined （在……采矿） the upper levels of Mammoth Cave. Later, the sites were left in great shape and began to draw public interest. 刷阅读理解 9 Mammoth Cave was made into a national park thanks to strong local support. Back in the 1920s, the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission was set up in 1925 to survey proposed park sites, including the caves. After years of work acquiring the land for the park, as well as building roads and public facilities, the park was completed on July 1, 1941. The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year, with about a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer. The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species. The park is also much more than just a cave; the forest around has one of the most diverse （多种多样的） habitats in the country. There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with canoe trails and great fishing spots. There are also more than 1,300 flowering species in the forest, and animals like wood warblers, thrushes, and bald eagles can regularly be spotted. 刷阅读理解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于美国肯塔基州猛犸洞穴国家公园里世界上最长的洞穴系统。 1.What can we learn about Mammoth Cave from the first two paragraphs?( ) D A.It was made by ancient people. B.It has the length of 600 miles. C.It is made up of 200 connected caves. D.It has a large underground system. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The world’s longest cave system is in the state of Kentucky. Mammoth Cave National Park preserves this unique and historical natural wonder.和第二段中的The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone erosion.可知，猛犸洞穴有一个庞大的地下系统。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 11 2.How did the caves form?( ) C A.Explorers mined the upper levels. B.The government searched for drinkable water. C.Water dissolved limestone. D.People built roads and public facilities. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The underground caves were created naturally by the process of limestone erosion. Rain and rivers slowly dissolve and shape soft limestone. The system is still being shaped today.可知，水溶解了石灰岩，形成了洞穴。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 12 3.What can we learn from the last paragraph?( ) B A.More than 1,300 flowers grow in the caves. B.The park offers visitors diverse experiences. C.Most visitors come to the park just for caves. D.Two million people have visited the park till now. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous tours on offer以及There are miles of trails open for horseback riding, with canoe trails and great fishing spots.可知，猛犸洞穴国家公园不仅有各类洞穴游览活动，还提供骑马、独木舟、钓鱼等游乐项目，由此可推知，该公园能为游客提供多样化的体验。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 13 4.What is the best title for the text?( ) B A.Planning Cave Tours Around the World B.Exploring the World’s Longest Cave System C.Learning About the Explorers of Mammoth Cave D.Predicting the Future of Mammoth Cave National Park 解析 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了猛犸洞穴国家公园的主体猛犸洞穴的形成过程，以及政府为开发这个国家公园作出的努力，还有它的特色和历史意义，B项（探索世界上最长的洞穴系统）能够概括本文内容。 刷阅读理解 14 【方法总结】如何选择说明文的最佳标题 文章标题可帮助读者迅速了解整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：（1）短小精悍；（2）涵盖性强；（3）精确性强；（4）吸引眼球。 在说明文中，作者通常会在文章的开头阐明文章的主旨或写作目的。选择说明文的标题时应做到：（1）先看文章的首段，找到文章的主旨句；（2）再阅读每个段落，尤其是段落的首句和尾句，找到每个段落的主旨句，判断段落大意，从而判断出文章结构（总—分、总—分—总、分—总）；（3）对比四个选项，排除概括不全、概括范围过大等的干扰项，即可得出正确答案。 刷阅读理解 15 &10& 进阶词汇 1.historical adj. 有关历史的；历史上的 2.shape vt. 塑造；使成形 n. 形状；外形 &11& 构词法 dis- prefix 不；非；相反 disconnected adj. 分离的；断开的 刷阅读理解 16 [湖南永州2023高一期末] How to Survive a Flood: Flood Safety Tips Flooding is a common natural disaster in the world. It is usually caused by heavy or sudden rainfall. Review the following flood safety guidelines to know what you should do to increase your chances of survival. 1. . If you live in an area that is often flooded—or even if you don’t—it’s a good idea to be prepared for the worst. Pay close attention to official flooding updates. And know the difference between a flood “watch” and “warning”. 2. . But a flood warning means flooding is already occurring or will occur soon. In this case, you should be prepared to evacuate at a moment’s notice. Have an emergency survival kit on hand. 3. . Things such as water, food, a flashlight, a radio, phone chargers and a first aid kit should all be included. 刷7选5 17 Be aware that flash floods can occur. 4. . Do not wait for instructions to move. When a flood warning is issued for your area, evacuate. Head for higher ground and stay there until you are told that the area is safe. Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can sweep you off your feet. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. 5. . Turn around, and don’t drown! If you come upon a flowing stream where water is above your ankles, stop, turn around and go another way. People often underestimate the force and power of water. A.Make preparations in advance. B.That’s why the moving water is dangerous. C.Actually, these two words are quite different. D.It should be filled with at least three days of supplies. E.A flood watch means a flood is possible in your area. F.Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you. G.If there is any possibility of such a flood, move at once to higher ground. 刷7选5 18 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对洪水灾难的正确做法。 1.___ A 解析 根据下文的it’s a good idea to be prepared for the worst可知，本段主要强调了提前做最坏的打算，即提前做好准备。故A项（提前做好准备）符合语境。 2.___ E 解析 根据空前一句内容可知，要了解洪水“预警”和“警告”之间的区别，空后一句介绍了warning，因此设空处应介绍watch的含义。故选E项（洪水预警意味着你所在地区可能发生洪水）。 3.___ D 解析 根据上文的Have an emergency survival kit on hand.可知，本段与应急救生包有关，空后给出了需要准备的物品，D项（它应该装满至少三天的补给）承上启下，该选项中的It指代上文的an emergency survival kit。 刷7选5 19 4.___ G 解析 根据上文的Be aware that flash floods can occur.可知，上文提到了可能发生暴洪灾害，空后一句提到不要做的事，故设空处应介绍发生暴洪灾害时的做法，故G项（如果有可能发生这样的洪水，立即转移到地势较高的地方）符合语境。 5.___ F 解析 根据上文内容可知，不要在流动的水中行走，如果必须要在水里走，要走在水不流动的地方。因此，设空处应承接上句，介绍在水里行走的方法，F项（用一根棍子检查前方地面的牢固程度）符合语境。 刷7选5 20 &12& 核心词汇 1.update n. 最新消息；最新报道；最新进展 vt. 更新；向……提供最新信息 2.in this case 在这种情况下 &13& 熟词生义 issue 熟义：n. 重要议题；问题 生义：vt. 发出；公布；宣布 刷7选5 21 $$