Unit 5 Lesson 2 Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修2同步课件 (北师大版)

02 Lesson 2 Professional Rescue Team Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 1 A [河南郑州外国语学校2024高一期中] In the winter of 2023, the state of California in the US received unusually large amounts of rain and snowfall. Now, people worry that some areas will flood as the snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains melts. Ron Caetano lives about halfway between Los Angeles and San Francisco. He is preparing to leave in case his community, called the Island District, floods. More than 100 years ago, the Island District area was under Tulare Lake. At one time, Tulare Lake was the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River. But reservoirs and watering systems for agriculture caused it to disappear. However, in very rainy years, farmland can still get covered with water. Experts say reservoirs near the area will likely receive three times more water than they can hold this year. That means officials must increase the amount of water they release （释放） from the reservoirs. But if too much water is released, the area might flood. 刷阅读理解 2 The Island District has organised a community network to help prepare for floods. People are placing sandbags close to elderly neighbours’ houses to stop possible flooding. And they are looking at reports from water officials, county officials, and from each other. California has had very dry weather in recent years. Therefore, both cities and farm communities acclaimed the winter rains. If the weather gets warm slowly, the snow will not melt quickly and there may be little or no flooding. But if the weather gets hot quickly, that will bring trouble from too much melting snow. Officials announced plans to close parts of Yosemite National Park because of possible risk of flooding. The park is about 270 kilometres east of San Francisco in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Nicholas Pinter is with the University of California, Davis Center for Watershed Sciences. He said the lake’s size has always changed because of California’s weather. He described the surrounding area this way. “It has been an engineering problem all along,” he said. “This is a bathtub with no drain （排水管）.” 刷阅读理解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出加利福尼亚州冬天降雨雪量异常大使得人们担心山区积雪融化后会引发洪水。 1.What made Tulare Lake disappear?( ) D A.Lack of rainfall. B.Natural disasters. C.Climate warming. D.Human behaviour. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的At one time, Tulare Lake was the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River. But reservoirs and watering systems for agriculture caused it to disappear.可知，水库和农业灌溉系统导致了图莱里湖的消失，水库的建设以及农业灌溉系统与人类的行为有关。 刷阅读理解 4 2.What does the underlined word “acclaimed” in paragraph 4 mean?( ) C A.Feared. B.Doubted. C.Welcomed. D.Tracked. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的California has had very dry weather in recent years.以及画线词后的the winter rains可知，加利福尼亚州近年来天气非常干燥，因此城市和农场社区对于冬雨应是非常欢迎的。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 5 3.What might Californians want to see?( ) B A.The government can help them move to other states. B.The weather can get warm gradually in California. C.There is more rain in the cities than on farms. D.The officials release water on a regular basis. 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的If the weather gets warm slowly… that will bring trouble from too much melting snow.可知，如果天气慢慢变暖，可能很少或根本不会有洪水，但是如果天气迅速变热，积雪融化过多会带来麻烦。因此加利福尼亚州的人们希望天气逐渐变暖。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 6 4.What can we infer from Nicholas Pinter’s words?( ) A A.It is difficult to deal with the flood. B.It is easy to keep the snow water. C.The surrounding area is unfit to live in. D.The lake is already overflowing. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的He said the lake’s size has always changed because of California’s weather. He described the surrounding area this way. “It has been an engineering problem all along,” he said. “This is a bathtub with no drain.” 可知，在尼古拉斯·平特看来，受加利福尼亚州的天气影响，湖泊的大小一直在变化，这一直是一个工程问题，就好似一个没有排水管的浴缸一样，由此推断洪水的问题很难解决。 刷阅读理解 7 &5& 核心词汇 1.flood vi. & vt.（被）淹没 n.洪水 2.melt vi. & vt.（使）融化 3.in case 以防万一 刷阅读理解 8 B [广西柳州高中、南宁三中2024联考] In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula （能登半岛） on the country’s western edge. More than 2,000 active fault lines （断层线） lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change. In 2023, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with a seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm （算法） successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of where it estimated they would happen and at almost exactly the calculated strength. Meanwhile, it missed one quake and gave eight false warnings. The trial was part of an international AI-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to advance earthquake prediction technologies. 刷阅读理解 9 Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement, “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.” “Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting,” Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how AI might use recordings of a specific seismic （地震的） site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity （构造活动）—from other noises in the ground. 刷阅读理解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面很有前景。 1.What’s the function of the first paragraph?( ) B A.To explain a concept. B.To introduce a topic. C.To present a summary. D.To provide an example. 解析 推理判断题。第一段介绍了日本发生的一次地震以及日本多地震的原因，第二段则提出主题，由于人工智能的进步，一些研究人员认为地震很难预测这种情况会有所改变；结合下文内容可知，下文主要介绍了一项以人工智能算法为基础的地震预测实验，即本文主要探讨了人工智能应用于地震预测的可行性。由此可知，第一段的作用是引入话题。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 11 【方法总结】把握科技类说明文的文体结构和特点 科技类说明文一般分为两类：第一类是实验研究型文章，这类文章一般会先点明新的研究所取得的突破，然后详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法，具体的实验、统计等过程和实验结果，再说明新的科学研究发现产生的影响；第二类是介绍说明型文章，这类文章通常是先介绍一种新产品、新技术、新理论等，然后具体从其原理、功能、现有弊端和市场前景等方面进行介绍。 在说明类文本中，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题，因此说明文的首段通常起到引出文章主题、调动读者阅读兴趣的作用。 刷阅读理解 12 2.What made some researchers optimistic about earthquake forecasting?( ) D A.The recent progress in theories. B.The use of traditional methods. C.The increasing number of earthquakes. D.The advancements in artificial intelligence. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.可知，人工智能的进步让一些研究人员对地震预测持乐观态度。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 13 3.What do we know from the third paragraph?( ) C A.The trial was conducted by Chinese. B.The algorithm was totally successful. C.AI shows promise for earthquake prediction. D.The AI competition only focused on earthquakes. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的In all, the algorithm successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of where it estimated they would happen and at almost exactly the calculated strength.可知，该算法总共成功预测了14次地震，且结果基本准确，由此可知，人工智能在地震预测方面很有前景。C&6& 。A&7& ：该试验由得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员在中国进行，并非由中国人进行的实验。（In 2023, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction with a seven-month trial in China.）B&8& ：这一算法并非完全成功，有1次地震未发出警报，有8次发出了错误警报。（it missed one quake and gave eight false warnings）D&9& ：这项有关地震的试验只是国际人工智能设计竞赛的一部分，因此这一竞赛并非只关注地震。（The trial was part of an international AI-design competition） 刷阅读理解 14 4.What is the best title for the passage?( ) B A.Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B.A Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—AI C.The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D.International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes 解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段引出话题，第二段点明文章主旨，后文主要说明了经过一项试验，研究人员发现人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，他们也在利用人工智能来研究如何预测地震。B项（预测地震的帮手——人工智能）最适合作为文章标题。 刷阅读理解 15 长难句分析 句意：我们还不能预测世界上任何地方的地震，但我们所取得的成就告诉我们，我们认为不可能解决的问题在理论上是可以解决的。 刷阅读理解 16 I was suddenly awakened at about 4 am by a strange experience which I did not understand at first. I was . .1. . for a few seconds, as though I was in a cradle （摇篮）. I heard . .2. . sounds in which I could identify the tinkle of pots, the rattle of windows, and certain muffled （沉闷的） noise . .3. . out of the earth. After a few moments I realised, to my . .4. ., that it was the earthquake. Others too in my house and neighbourhoods must have . .5. . it at the same time or a little earlier, because we all jumped out of our beds in a second and . .6. . out of our houses. The quake had stopped, yet we stood in the open for an hour, extremely . .7. . about another quake. There was a nip （寒意） in the air that early morning, and the electric lights had . .8. .. People stood in darkness, talking about the earthquake and hoping that it might not be . .9. .. . 刷完形填空 17 The quake caused no damage in Mumbai. For several hours next morning we thought, with . .10. . to Nature, that the disaster had been . .11. . on the whole. But at about noon, news came that all the houses in parts of Lātūr had been in . .12. . and hundreds of humans . .13. . their lives. The destruction caused by the earthquake at Lātūr proved the . .14. . of man in the face of an unexpected natural disaster. People still have much to achieve in dealing with Nature. Isn’t it a(n) . .15. . that humans are wasting the natural resources and energy? 刷完形填空 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者通过地震意识到了人们在自然灾害面前是无助的，人们要珍惜自然资源。 1.( ) A.attacked B.comforted C.rocked D.sheltered C 解析 由后文中的as though I was in a cradle可知，作者是感到摇晃。rock在此处意为“使剧烈摇晃”，故选C项。 2.( ) A.pleasant B.strange C.fascinating D.fluent B 解析 句意为：我听到了奇怪的声音，我能辨认出是锅的叮当声、窗户的咔嗒声、以及从地下传来的某种沉闷的噪声。由后文中的the tinkle of pots, the rattle of windows, and certain muffled noise可知，作者是听到了奇怪的声音，故选B项。 3.( ) A.coming B.flashing C.escaping D.learning A 解析 句意见上一题解析。由空后的out of the earth可知，是来自地下的声音，故选A项。 刷完形填空 19 4.( ) A.annoyance B.joy C.relief D.horror D 解析 由后文中的it was the earthquake并结合常识可知，地震了，作者感到恐惧，故选D项。to one’s horror为固定搭配，意为“让某人惊恐的是”。 5.( ) A.warned B.realised C.impacted D.prevented B 解析 由后文中的because we all jumped out of our beds in a second可知，此时作者的家人和邻居应该也意识到了这是发生了地震。realise意为“意识到”，故选B项。 6.( ) A.jumped B.walked C.rushed D.struggled C 解析 由上文中的it was the earthquake及后文中的we stood in the open并结合常识可知，地震了，人们应该是冲出了家门。 刷完形填空 20 7.( ) A.anxious B.excited C.curious D.hopeful A 解析 由后文中的another quake可知，作者他们是担心会再次发生地震。be anxious about意为“为……担忧/焦虑”。 8.( ) A.blown up B.broken out C.died down D.gone off D 解析 由后文中的People stood in darkness可知，电灯熄灭了，人们都站在黑暗中。go off意为“（电灯）熄灭”，符合语境。故选D项。blow up意为“炸毁”；break out意为“突然发生”；die down意为“平息”。 9.( ) A.expected B.forgiven C.repeated D.stopped C 解析 由上文中的we stood in the open for an hour, extremely ___about another quake可知，人们担心会再次发生地震，所以此处是表示人们希望地震不会再发生。repeat意为“再次发生；重复”，符合语境。故选C项。 刷完形填空 21 10.( ) A.damage B.gratitude C.resistance D.satisfaction B 解析 由上文中的The quake caused no damage in Mumbai.可知，地震没有给孟买造成破坏，所以人们是感激的。gratitude意为“感激之情”，符合语境。故选B项。 11.( ) A.generous B.impressive C.harmless D.tough C 解析 由上文中的The quake caused no damage in Mumbai.可知，人们以为这场灾难大体上是无害的。故选C项。 12.( ) A.place B.surroundings C.shape D.ruins D 解析 句意为：但大约中午时分，坏消息传来，拉杜尔部分地区的所有房屋都遭到了毁坏，数百人丧生。由上文中的The quake caused no damage in Mumbai.及But可知，上下文为转折关系，此处应表示拉杜尔部分地区受灾严重，房屋被毁坏了。be in ruins意为“毁坏”，故选D项。 刷完形填空 22 13.( ) A.lost B.cured C.discovered D.rescued A 解析 由上文中的news came that all the houses in parts of Lātūr had been in ___并结合常识可知，地震毁坏了房屋，人也在灾难中失去了生命。lose one’s life表示“丧命”，故选A项。 14.( ) A.power B.creativity C.helplessness D.limit C 解析 句意为：地震对杜拉尔造成的破坏证明了人类在面对意想不到的自然灾害时的无助。由后文中的People still have much to achieve in dealing with Nature.及结合常识可知，人类在地震面前是很无助的，故选C项。 15.( ) A.fact B.pity C.honour D.wonder B 解析 由后文中的humans are wasting the natural resources and energy可知，人类浪费了自然资源和能源，这是很可惜的，故选B项。 刷完形填空 23 $$