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Lesson 3 Running and Fitness
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Jogging is certainly __________ (benefit) to our physical and mental health.
beneficial
解析 句意为:慢跑的确有益于我们的身心健康。设空处作is的表语,其前有副词certainly修饰,应用形容词,be beneficial to... 意为“对……有益”。
2.The diagram has provided the readers with much ________ (detail) information related to the topic.
detailed
解析 句意为:该图表为读者提供了很多与这一话题相关的详细信息。设空处修饰名词information,作定语,结合句意可知,此处表示“详细的”,应用形容词。
3.To my ___________ (satisfy), I got a good result of the exam, which made my mother quite happy.
satisfaction
解析 句意为:令我满意的是,我在考试中取得了好成绩,这让我妈妈很高兴。to one’s satisfaction为固定搭配,表示“令某人满意的是”。故填satisfaction。
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2
4.There is a growing awareness that the __________ (prevent) of environmental pollution is extremely important.
prevention
解析 句意为:人们越来越认识到防止环境污染极其重要。分析句子可知,设空处在that引导的同位语从句中作主语,且被定冠词the修饰,应用名词。prevent的名词形式为prevention,意为“预防;防止”,为不可数名词。
5.When humans learnt to make fire, they became capable ___ changing their environment.
of
解析 句意为:当人类学会生火时,他们就能够改变环境了。此处考查固定短语become capable of (doing) sth,意为“能够做某事”。
6.He points out that it is important for teenagers to keep regular hours and get ___ large amount of exercise to stay energetic and fit.
a
解析 句意为:他指出,对青少年来说,保持规律的作息时间和多锻炼以保持精力充沛和健康是很重要的。a large amount of… 意为“大量……”,为固定短语。
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3
7.The city stadium _________ (equip) with various sports equipment has attracted lots of people.
equipped
解析 句意为:配备了各种各样体育器材的城市体育场吸引了很多人。句中已有谓语,与设空处之间无连词连接,设空处应用非谓语形式,equip与The city stadium之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。
8.Cycling is good exercise, _____________ (strengthen) all the muscles of the body.
strengthening
解析 句意为:骑自行车是有益处的运动,它能增强全身的肌肉。逗号后的内容作伴随状语,Cycling与strengthen之间是逻辑上的主动关系,设空处应用现在分词形式。
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9.While you are travelling to a place, attention should be paid to preventing yourself from ___________ (fine) for breaking some special local rules.
being fined
解析 句意为:当你去某个地方旅行时,应该注意防止自己因为违反当地的一些特殊规定而被罚款。prevent sb from doing sth意为“防止某人做某事”,yourself与fine之间为逻辑上的被动关系,设空处应用动名词的被动式。故填being fined。
10.Among obese children, ___ is reported, about 30% also suffer from high levels of blood sugar and fat.
as
解析 句意为:正如报道的那样,肥胖儿童中约有30%也患有高血糖和高血脂。此处引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”,应用as。
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5
根据提示补全句子。
1.研究结果表明,母亲尤其会感受到孩子和家务带来的压力。(particular)
The research results suggest that mothers ___ _________ _____ ____ _____________ of children and housework.
in
particular
feel
the
pressure(s)
2.在运动的过程中,每个人都应该确保自身的安全。(sure)
Everyone _______ ______ _____ ___ personal safety in the course of taking exercise.
should
make
sure
of
3.我受够了食堂每天都提供同样的菜。今天我想尝试不一样的东西。(fed up)
__ ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ______ _______ in the cafeteria every day. I want to try something different today.
I
am
fed
up
with
the
same
dishes
4.他冒着失去生命的风险救了那个男孩。(risk)
He ________ ____ _____ ___ losing his life to save the boy.
5.他已经完全康复了,这是一件令人宽慰的事情。(relief)
___ ___ ___ ______ _____ he has made a full recovery.
took/ran
the
risk
of
It
is
a
relief
that
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6
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is widely believed 1. . any exercise is better than none, but long-distance running in particular has a lot of benefits.
It is great for beginners—you don’t need a gym membership or any special equipment. There is no better way to know yourself and 2. . (see) what you are capable of.
Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases. It can 3. . (strength) the immune system and reduce the risk of serious health problems. What’s more, anyone 4. . (feel)down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. Even 5. . thirty-minute run will provide 6. . (relieve) from any ache or tension.
If you are new to running, here 7. . (be) some advice for you. A warm-up gets your blood running faster and prepares your body before you exercise. After a long run, you should jog slowly for ten minutes, then walk for five minutes.
that
to see
strengthen
a
relief
is
feeling
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Besides, remember the following principles. First, draw up a training plan and set 8. . (achieve) goals. Second, keep running. There will be times 9. . you want to give up, but hang in there and tell 10. . (you) that it will get easier with time. All the sweat and hard work will be worth it in the end. Finally, make sure you do not overdo it.
achievable
when
yourself
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1._____
that
解析 it is believed that… 为固定句式,意为“人们认为……”,本句中It为形式主语,用that引导主语从句。
2._______
to see
解析 设空处与空前的to know并列,共同作way的后置定语,应用不定式。way表示“方法”时,常接不定式作后置定语。
3.__________
strengthen
解析 设空处与reduce共同作句子的谓语,且空前有情态动词can,所以应用动词原形。
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4._________
feeling
解析 句中已有谓语,设空处应用非谓语动词;设空处作后置定语,修饰anyone,且feel与anyone之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词。
5.___
a
解析 ____thirty-minute run在句中作主语,run在此为名词,此处泛指一次30分钟的跑步,应用不定冠词修饰,thirty-minute的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
6.______
relief
解析 设空处作provide的宾语,应用名词。relief意为“减轻,缓和”,为不可数名词。
7.___
is
解析 主句为副词here提前的倒装结构,主句的主语为some advice,advice为不可数名词,系动词应用单数形式,且此处为客观介绍,应用一般现在时。故填is。
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8.__________
achievable
解析 设空处修饰名词goals,作定语,应用形容词,意为“可达到的”。
9.______
when
解析 设空处引导定语从句,先行词为times,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用when引导该从句。
10.________
yourself
解析 此处指“告诉你自己”,应用反身代词。
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11
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The best way to deal with sports injuries is to stop them happening in the first place. Knowing the rules of the game you’re playing and using the right 1. . (equip) can go a long way towards preventing injuries. If you think you’ve been injured, pull 2. . (you) out of the game or stop 3. . (do) your activity or workout. Let a coach or parent know what happened in case you need to see a doctor. Athletes, 4. . play contact sports like football, often suffer severe head and neck injuries. Keep the injured person still with his or her head 5. . (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency 6. . (medicine) help. If the person 7. . (lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.
Your first question after a sports injury will 8. . (probable) be, “When can I play again?” This depends on the injury and what your doctor tells you. Even if you can’t return to your sports right away, a doctor might have advice 9. . what you can do to stay fit. Always check with your doctor 10. . trying any activity following an injury.
equipment
yourself
doing
who
held
medical
is lying/lies
probably
on/about
before
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了处理运动损伤时的一些要点及恢复期要注意什么,并指出防止受伤最好的办法是了解运动规则,并使用合适的装备。
1.__________
equipment
解析 句意为:了解你正在进行的运动的规则并使用合适的装备对防止受伤有很大帮助。此处指“使用合适的装备”,空前有形容词修饰,该空作using 的宾语,应用名词形式。equipment为不可数名词。故填equipment。
2.________
yourself
解析 句意为:如果你认为自己受伤了,就让自己退出运动或者停止进行活动或锻炼。设空处作pull的宾语,且与这一动作的执行者为同一人,要用反身代词,故填yourself。
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3.______
doing
解析 句意见上一题解析。stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”,应用动名词作宾语,故填doing。
4._____
who
解析 句意为:严重的头部和颈部伤常见于从事像足球这样的接触式运动的运动员。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Athletes,指人,从句缺少主语,故填who。
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5._____
held
解析 句意为:让受伤的人保持静止,头部挺直不动,同时有人呼叫紧急医疗救助。设空处在with复合结构中作宾语补足语,hold与其逻辑主语his or her head之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式,故填held。
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【知识拓展】with复合结构
with为介词,其后接名词或代词作宾语时,宾语后面可接形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词或不定式作宾补,构成“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构。当考查非谓语形式作宾补时,根据with后的名词或代词与所给动词之间的逻辑关系,我们就可以快速得出答案。通常情况下,表逻辑上的主动关系用现在分词(doing),表逻辑上的被动关系用过去分词(done), 表示将来的动作用不定式(to do)。
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6.________
medical
解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰名词help,应用形容词medical作定语,medical help意为“医疗救助”。故填medical。
7.___________
is lying/lies
解析 句意为:如果那个人(正)躺在地上,不要试图去移动他/她。根据语境可知,此处用一般现在时或现在进行时be doing都可以,从句主语是the person,因此从句谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填is lying/lies。
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8._________
probably
解析 句意为:你运动受伤后的第一个问题很可能是“我什么时候可以再运动?”。设空处修饰动词,应用副词probably,故填probably。
9._________
on/about
解析 句意为:即使你不能马上继续你的运动,医生可能会给你一些建议,告诉你怎样才能保持健康。结合句意可知,此处表示“……方面的建议”,应用advice on/about来表达。
10._______
before
解析 句意为:在受伤后尝试任何活动之前,一定要先咨询你的医生。空后跟动名词短语作宾语,表示“在……之前”,应用before。故填before。
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