精品解析：上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学国际部2023-2024学年高一下学期期末英语试卷

2023~2024学年 第二学期 华东师大二附中国际部 10B 班 英语 学科期末考试卷 满分 100分 学生姓名______得分______ Ⅰ. Listening （本大题共16小题，每小题1分， 共16分） Section A 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency. C. In a bank. D. In a driving school. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane. C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard. 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. C. Protect herself from being hurt. D. Bargain with the shop assistant. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course. C. Help him revise his report. D. Get her computer repaired. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She doesn’t plan to continue studying next year. B. She has already told the man about her plan. C. She isn’t planning to leave her university. D. She recently visited a different university. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech. C. It made the mayor's view clearer. D. It earned the mayor's speech accurately. Section B 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 75 12. A. The houses there can't be sold B. It is a place for work and holiday. C. the cabins and facilities are shared D. It is run by the residents themselves. 13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community. C. A splendid mountain. D. A successful businesswoman. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease. C. Those who did no physical exercise. D. Those who were unmarried. 15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages. C. They typed 10 percent faster on average. D. They edited more passages. 16. A. Why chemical therapy works. B. Why marriage helps fight cancer. C. How unmarried people survive cancer. D. How cancer is detected after marriage. II. Multiple choices（本大题共 19 小题， 每小题1分， 共19分） 17. —I______ here three days ago. —What ______ these days? A. got; did you do B. have got; have you C. had got; will you do D. got; have you been doing 18. The traditional pattern of classroom teaching at the colleges and universities ______ the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 50-minute class two or three times a week. A. bring B. bringing C. brings D. have brought 19. Would you please give him the message the moment he ______? A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive 20. The price ______, but I wonder whether it will remain so. A. went down B. going down C. has gone down D. gone down 21. We are going to visit Europe next summer holiday ______ we have enough money. A. in case that B. until C. unless D. provided 22. Bill Gates is the first ______ software for personal computers, isn’t he? A. developed B. develops C. developing D. to develop 23. The World Health Organization set aside May 31 as “World No-Tobacco Day” several years ago, ______ every year around the world. A. that is observed B. which is observed C. what observes D. when is celebrated 24. There was ______ time ______I hated to go to school and I regret doing so so foolishly. A. a; which B. a; when C. the; which D. the; when 25. It was back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go 26. There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 27. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. when D. whatever 28. ________ with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 29. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way how D. the way how 30. — George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? — No, I ________. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn't been invited D. didn't invite 31. ______ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going 32. Some examples of common, everyday superstition ______ the belief that the number 13 is unlucky and that walking under a ladder will bring bad luck. A. include B. includes C. including D. included 33. He had always looked so young, but he ______ in the last few months. A. seems being aged B. seemed aging C. seemed to age D. seemed to have aged 34. When Jane passed the room of her neighbours, she smelt something ______ and saw smoke rising. A. burnt B. to burn C. burning D. was burning 35. He finally made himself ______ with the help of gestures when talking to the foreigner. A. understanding B. understand C. understood D. being understood III. Reading Comprchension Section A Tom Smith rose from the unknown of a small farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need. It was a need that he first ____36____ back in 1906 when young Tom was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an ____37____, he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His dad couldn’t afford the ____38____ at college, so Tom had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done ____39____ his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities ____40____ he didn’t have the time or the ____41____. He had only one good suit. He ____42____ for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too ____43____. During this period Tom was slowly ____44____ an inferiority complex(自卑感), which his mother knew could _____45_____ him from achieving his real potential. She _____46_____ that Tom join the debating team, believing that _____47_____ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed. Tom took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts _____48_____ made it. This proved to be a _____49_____ point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the _____50_____ he needed. By the time Tom was a senior, he had won every top honor in _____51_____. Now other students were coming to him for _____52_____ and they, in turn, were winning contests. Out of this early struggle to _____53_____ his feelings of inferiority, Tom came to understand that the ability to _____54_____ an idea to an audience builds a person’s confidence. And, with it, Tom knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and _____55_____ could others. 36. A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized 37. A. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction 38. A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment 39. A. between B. during C. over D. through 40. A. while B. when C. because D. though 41. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes 42. A. looked B. tried C. decided D. worked 43. A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing 44. A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining 45. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free 46. A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted 47. A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential 48. A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally 49. A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning 50. A. progress B. experience C. ability D. confidence 51. A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming 52 A. confidence B. money C. coaching D. honour 53. A. convey B. overcome C. understand D. build 54. A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat 55. A. really B. then C. neither D. so Section B (A) The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using today’s new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they’re already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program. The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device’s camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia. With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn’t know any English. That’s unbelievable,” said Keller. The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn. It won’t be in Amharic, Ethiopia’s first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs. 56. How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village? A. It trains teachers for them. B. It contributes to their self-study. C. It helps raise their living standards. D. It provides funds for building schools. 57. What can we infer from Keller’s words in Paragraph 3? A. They need more time to analyze data. B. More children are needed for the research. C. He is confident about the future of the project. D. The research should be carried out in kindergartens. 58. It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _______. A learn English words quickly. B. draw pictures of animals. C. write letters to researchers. D. make phone calls to his friends. 59. What is the aim of the project? A. To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs. B. To make Amharic widely used in the world. C. To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English. D. To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language. (B) Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others’ time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate. 60. The passage is mainly about _____________. A. communication types B. the workplace atmosphere C. customs and social manners D. living conditions and standards 61. Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A. They put efficiency in the first place. B. They dislike face-to-face communication. C. They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D. They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 62. In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A. When greeting seniors. B. When meeting the host alone. C. When attending a presentation. D. When dining with business partners. 63. In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A. In Brazil. B. In Singapore. C. In the United Arab Emirate. D. In Switzerland. (C) Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way — by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Esmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Esmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 64. The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. repair rooms B. trading fairs C. business talks D. group meetings 65. Esmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ______. A. what caused the shipping accident B. when and where the shoes went missing C. whether it was all right to use their shoes D. how much they lost in the shipping accident 66. Esmeyer is most famous for ______. A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B. making records for any lost objects on the sea C. running a global currents research association D. phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 67. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A. To call people's attention to ocean pollution. B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D. To give advice on how to search for lost objects on the beach. (D) Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger. Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative. Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation. 68. The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________. A. usually has a biological basis B. varies among people C is socially and culturally shaped D. influences one’s thinking and evaluation 69. What changes can be found in an angry brain? A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted. B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas. C. Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour. D. Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition. 70. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger? A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked. C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger. 71. What is the key message of the last paragraph? A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions. C. Behavioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger. IV. Vocabulary Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. additional B. producing C. regular D. predicted E. identified F. atmosphere G. matched H. reducing I. carried J. increase Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ____72____. Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater, Maryland, said that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might be ____73____ to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant ____74____ in atmospheric CO2, he said. “We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them,” Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in ____75____ the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate. Dr. Parker and his colleagues have ____76____ out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) ____77____ basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing ____78____ tons of wood each year. The scientists ____79____ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had ____80____ from estimates of the long-term rates of growth. V. Write down the following words and expressions according to the Chinese given. Only one word should be written on each line.（本大题共30小题，共20分） Section A Words (The first letter of the word has been given.) （本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分） 汉译英 81. v.预言 ______ 82. n.数字 f______ 83. v.威胁 ______ 84. n.灭绝，绝种 ______ 85. n.选择 o______ 86. adj.关切的，关注的 c______ 87. vt.摧毁 ______ 88. v.搏斗，扭打；斗争 ______ 89. vt.维持； 保持 m. ______ 90. v.靠近， 接近 ______ 汉译英 91. n.失败的人或事 ______ 92. adv.永久地 ______ 93. adj.现实的；实事求是的______ 94. n.挫折；阻碍______ 95. v.纵身跳入；投身 ______ 96. n.偏见；成见 ______ 97. n.原则；原理 ______ 98. adj.敏感的；神经过敏的______ 99. v.反射；反映 ______ 100. adj.心理学的______ Section B Expressions (Only one word should be written on each line.) （本大题共10小题， 每小题1分， 共10分） 汉译英 101. 承认偷了那钱 a______ ______ ______ ______ 102. 在很大程度上 t______ ______ ______ ______ 103. 申请硕士学位 _______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 104. 控制整个城市 ______ ______ ______ the whole city 105. 和其他人的情况相似be ______ ______ others’ situations 106. 由于大雨 t______ ______ the heavy rain 107. 设法赢得那场比赛m________________________ 108. 受失业所威胁 ______ t______ ______ unemployment 109. 把那篇文章限定在800字 ______ ______ ______ _______800 words 110. 成为了一名飞行员的梦想 ______ ______ ______ a pilot 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023~2024学年 第二学期 华东师大二附中国际部 10B 班 英语 学科期末考试卷 满分 100分 学生姓名______得分______ Ⅰ. Listening （本大题共16小题，每小题1分， 共16分） Section A 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: What can I do for you, sir? M: I want to report a theft. My briefcase was stolen. Q: Who is most probably the woman? 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: You will take care, won’t you? The roads are very very icy. M: I will drive very slowly. I promise. Q: How does the woman feel? 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency. C. In a bank. D. In a driving school. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M: Morning, I have a reservation. The name is Blake Smith. W: OK. We’ve got a nice car already. I need to see your driver’s license and your credit card. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: CCTV is reporting an enormous flood now! Look at those people on the roof. M: I hope it doesn’t cause much damage. Q: What are those two speakers talking about? 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane. C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Would you please help me clean the back yard today? M: Sure. I am picking Jane up from the railway station at 3, but I will help you as soon as I get back. Q: What will the man do first? 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. C. Protect herself from being hurt. D. Bargain with the shop assistant. 【答案】D 【解析】 【原文】W: The vase is amazing! But it’s a bit more than I want to spend. M: Maybe you can get a better price. It can’t hurt to ask. (3:17) Q: What does the man suggest the women do? 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course. C. Help him revise his report. D. Get her computer repaired. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】W: My computer’s broken down. Could I use yours to write a chemistry paper? M: Sorry, I am in the middle of revising my report. You know the computer lab is still open. Q: What does the man imply the women should do? 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: I’ve declined their offer to exhibit some of my paintings in this gallery. M: Are you kidding? Any art student I know would die to have an exhibition here. Q: How does the man feel on hearing the woman’s decision? 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. She doesn’t plan to continue studying next year. B. She has already told the man about her plan. C. She isn’t planning to leave her university. D. She recently visited a different university. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: You are not planning to transfer to a different university next year, are you? W: If I were, you’d be the first one to know. Q: What does the woman imply? 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech. C. It made the mayor's view clearer. D. It earned the mayor's speech accurately. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】M:Did you read the editorial in the newspaper about Mirs Speech? (4:47) M: Sure, I did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said. Q: What does the man say of the editorial? Section B 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 75 12. A. The houses there can't be sold B. It is a place for work and holiday. C. the cabins and facilities are shared D. It is run by the residents themselves. 13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community. C. A splendid mountain. D. A successful businesswoman. 【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B 【解析】 【原文】About 70 miles northeast of Vancouver is one of Canada’s most beautiful tourist regions. Visitors come to enjoy fishing, skiing or the splendid mountain scenery. Over 20 years ago, Christi bone, a successful businesswoman came here and founded Paradise Ridge, a cabin park. She said I wanted to live somewhere everybody knows everybody else and all your problems are shared. Paradise Ridge is now home to 25 families. Each family owns their own small cabin. But they share the ownership of the park and the common facilities. This is a really living community and residents aren’t allowed to use their cabin as a holiday home. The heart of the Paradise Ridge community is a large house. Shared meals take place 3 times a week and once a month there’s a meeting when important decisions are made. Families can sell their homes if they want to leave, but the whole community must vote on new families before they are allowed to join. “Keeping the community together is hard work” says Christi, “Everybody has to take responsibility for the day to day running of the community, but it seems there is no shortage of the families who want to join. There are 75 on the waiting list.” 11. How many families are living in the Paradise Ridge now? 12. What is special about Paradise Ridge? 13. What is the passage mainly about? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease. C. Those who did no physical exercise. D. Those who were unmarried. 15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages. C. They typed 10 percent faster on average. D. They edited more passages. 16. A. Why chemical therapy works. B. Why marriage helps fight cancer. C. How unmarried people survive cancer. D. How cancer is detected after marriage. 【答案】14. C 15. A 16. B 【解析】 【原文】It’s 3 pm. Time for news from the World of Medicine. Does sitting make you sad? Australian researchers found that middle-aged women who sat for over 7 hours a day were 47 percent more likely to show sense of depression than those who sat for 4 hours or fewer. Those who engaged in no physical activity were 26 percent more likely to have symptoms of depression 3 years later than those who exercise regularly. Sitting for long periods has also been linked to heart disease. How can you detect a liar through a texted message? Watch for a delayed response. When college students were asked to tell a lie during an interview with a computer, they took 10 percent longer on average to send a message and they did more editing than usual. Can marriage beat cancer? Married people were 20 percent less likely to die from the disease than those who were unmarried, according to a Harvard study of more than 730,000 people. They were also more likely to get the disease detected at an earlier stage and receive proper treatment. A husband or wife can urge you to seek medical help and support you during tough chemical therapy, radiation and other treatments. 14. Who would most to suffer from depression according to Australian researchers? 15. How did students behave when they told a lie during the interview with a computer? 16 What is the third piece of news mainly about? II. Multiple choices（本大题共 19 小题， 每小题1分， 共19分） 17. —I______ here three days ago. —What ______ these days? A. got; did you do B. have got; have you C. had got; will you do D. got; have you been doing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：——我三天前到这的。——这些天你都在干什么？第一空根据three days ago可知为一般过去时；第二空根据these days可知，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，且动作不间断发生，用现在完成进行时。故选D。 18. The traditional pattern of classroom teaching at the colleges and universities ______ the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 50-minute class two or three times a week. A. bring B. bringing C. brings D. have brought 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大学的传统课堂教学模式是教授和20到30名学生每周在一起上两三次50分钟的课。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“The traditional pattern of classroom teaching at the colleges and universities”是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故选C。 19. Would you please give him the message the moment he ______? A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他一到你就给他捎个口信好吗？the moment可用来引导一个时间状语从句，相当于as soon as引导的从句，用一般现在时表示将来。故选A项。 20. The price ______, but I wonder whether it will remain so. A. went down B. going down C. has gone down D. gone down 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：价格已经下降了，但我在想它是否会继续保持这样。go down为动词短语“下降”，在本句话中作谓语。句子使用现在完成时态，表示发生过去的动作，持续到了现在。根据后半句还可知，该动作是否能持续下去还不一定。故填C。 21. We are going to visit Europe next summer holiday ______ we have enough money. A. in case that B. until C. unless D. provided 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果我们有足够的钱，我们打算明年暑假去欧洲旅游。A. in case that万一；B. until直到；C. unless除非；D. provided如果。根据句意，空处引导条件状语从句，provided (that)常引导条件状语从句，相当于if，故选D项。 22. Bill Gates is the first ______ software for personal computers, isn’t he? A. developed B. develops C. developing D. to develop 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：比尔·盖茨是第一个为个人电脑开发软件的人，不是吗？序数词之后常用不定式作定语，且the first“第一个（人）”与develop为逻辑上的主动关系，用develop的不定式的主动形式，作后置定语，修饰the first。故选D。 23. The World Health Organization set aside May 31 as “World No-Tobacco Day” several years ago, ______ every year around the world. A. that is observed B. which is observed C. what observes D. when is celebrated 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：几年前，世界卫生组织将5月31日定为“世界无烟日”，世界各地每年都会庆祝这一天。逗号后面的______ every year around the world是非限制性定语从句，先行词为“World No-Tobacco Day”，且在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故选B。 24. There was ______ time ______I hated to go to school and I regret doing so so foolishly. A. a; which B. a; when C. the; which D. the; when 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查冠词和定语从句。句意：有一段时间，我讨厌上学，我后悔这么愚蠢地去上学。第一空表示一段时间，表示泛指，且time的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。第二空引导的是定语从句，先行词是time，且空处在从句中作时间状语，所以这里应用when引导。故选B。 25. It was back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句。句意：直到午夜，他才做完实验回家。此处为not until的强调句：it was/is not until +陈述语序。B、D选项缺少not；A选项不是陈述句语序，故排除。故选C。 26. There are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有两座大楼，其中较大的那座大楼大约有100米高。结合选项和句意可知，“ stands nearly a hundred feet high.”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词two buildings，先行词在从句中作the larger of后的宾语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故选D项。 27. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. when D. whatever 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：不管你要做多少工作，你都应该努力睡个好觉。A. however无论多么；B. no matter常和疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句；C. when当……时；D. whatever无论什么。空处引导让步状语从句，结合空后的much可知，这里应用however引导让步状语从句。故选A。 28. ________ with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意：当最大的海洋和整个地球相比时，最大的海洋似乎一点也不大了。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且状语从句中有系动词be的时候，可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。如果状语从句中有it is的时候，it is 也可以省略。本句实际上在when后面省略了the biggest ocean is，因为该短语就是后面句子的主语，所以把the biggest ocean is省略了。根据句意the biggest ocean 和比较是被动关系，用过去分词。故选D。 29. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way how D. the way how 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：让我惊讶的不是他说了什么，而是他说话的方式。but连接并列的结构，作was的表语，所以应用名词作表语，the way符合题意。后面he said it为定语从句，先行词为way，表示方式，此处省略了引导词that 或in which。故选A。 30. — George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? — No, I ________. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadn't been invited D didn't invite 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：--乔治和露西上周结婚了。你参加他们的婚礼了吗？--没有，我没被邀请。他们的婚礼隆重吗？从语境可知句子要用过去时态的被动形式，故排除A、D选项。邀请应该在参加婚礼之前，属于过去的过去，要用过去完成时，故选C。 31. ______ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句。句意：一直往前走，你会看到一座教堂。你不会错过的。这里是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结果，所以空处应用动词原形。故选A。 32. Some examples of common, everyday superstition ______ the belief that the number 13 is unlucky and that walking under a ladder will bring bad luck. A. include B. includes C. including D. included 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：一些常见的日常迷信例子包括相信数字13是不吉利的，从梯子下面走过会带来厄运。included作谓语，描述事实，并结合下文的is可知，用一般现在时，主语some examples，是复数，故选A。 33. He had always looked so young, but he ______ in the last few months. A seems being aged B. seemed aging C. seemed to age D. seemed to have aged 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式的完成式。句意：他看上去总是那么年轻，但最近几个月他似乎老了。seem to do是固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，seem的动作发生在过去，因此用一般过去时，seem用过去式，由in the last few months可知，空格处用不定式的完成式to have done，故选D。 34. When Jane passed the room of her neighbours, she smelt something ______ and saw smoke rising. A. burnt B. to burn C. burning D. was burning 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当简经过邻居的房间时，她闻到有东西正在燃烧并看到烟雾升起。burn“燃烧”，过去式burnt，过去分词burnt。本句谓语为smelt，此处为非谓语动词，这里描述简闻到的东西正燃烧，且something与burn为主动关系，应用现在分词burning，作宾补。故选C。 35. He finally made himself ______ with the help of gestures when talking to the foreigner. A. understanding B. understand C. understood D. being understood 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在与外国人交谈时，他终于通过手势使自己被人明白了。这里是“make+宾语+宾补”结构，空处应用非谓语动词作宾补。这里表示让自己的意思被别人明白，himself和understand之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词。故选C。 III. Reading Comprchension Section A Tom Smith rose from the unknown of a small farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need. It was a need that he first ____36____ back in 1906 when young Tom was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an ____37____, he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His dad couldn’t afford the ____38____ at college, so Tom had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done ____39____ his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities ____40____ he didn’t have the time or the ____41____. He had only one good suit. He ____42____ for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too ____43____. During this period Tom was slowly ____44____ an inferiority complex(自卑感), which his mother knew could _____45_____ him from achieving his real potential. She _____46_____ that Tom join the debating team, believing that _____47_____ in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed. Tom took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts _____48_____ made it. This proved to be a _____49_____ point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the _____50_____ he needed. By the time Tom was a senior, he had won every top honor in _____51_____. Now other students were coming to him for _____52_____ and they, in turn, were winning contests. Out of this early struggle to _____53_____ his feelings of inferiority, Tom came to understand that the ability to _____54_____ an idea to an audience builds a person’s confidence. And, with it, Tom knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and _____55_____ could others. 36. A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized 37. A. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction 38. A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment 39. A. between B. during C. over D. through 40. A. while B. when C. because D. though 41. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes 42. A. looked B. tried C. decided D. worked 43. A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing 44. A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining 45. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free 46. A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted 47. A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential 48. A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally 49. A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning 50. A. progress B. experience C. ability D. confidence 51. A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming 52. A. confidence B. money C. coaching D. honour 53. A. convey B. overcome C. understand D. build 54. A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat 55. A. really B. then C. neither D. so 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. D 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Tom Smith在大学克服自卑并最终走向成功的故事。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到1906年，当年轻的Tom还是沃伦堡州立师范学院的大三学生时，他第一次意识到了这一需求。A. admitted承认；B. filled填满；C. supplied供应；D. recognized认出，意识到。根据空前的“a need that he first”可知，在1906年的时候Tom第一次意识到了一个需求。故选D。 【37题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了接受教育，他同许多困难抗争。A. assignment任务；B. education教育；C. advantage优势；D. instruction指示，命令。根据下文中的“His family was poor. His dad couldn’t afford the ____3____at college, so Tom had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.”可知，他家境贫寒，为了接受教育，不得不面对许多困难。故选B。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父亲付不起大学里的伙食费，所以Tom不得不骑马12英里去上课。A. training训练；B. board膳食费用；C. teaching教学；D. equipment设备。根据上文中的“His family was poor.(他的家庭很穷)”以及句中的“Tom had to ride horseback 12 miles”可知，Tom家非常穷，每天要骑马上学，所以他付不起伙食费。故选B。 【39题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他不得不在农活间隙学习。A. between介于……之间；B. during在……期间；C. over在……上面；D. through穿过。根据空后的“his farm-work routines”和下文中的“He withdrew from many school activities”可知，他退出了许多学校活动，说明他需要在家帮忙做农活，只能在农活间隙学习。故选A。 【40题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他退出了许多学校活动，因为他没有时间，也没有衣服。A. while当……的时候；B. when当……的时候；C. because因为；D. though尽管。空处引导的是状语从句。“He withdrew from many school activities”和“he didn’t have the time or the ____6____”之间是因果关系，所以应用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. permits许可证；B. interest兴趣；C. talent天赋；D. clothes衣服。根据下文中的“He had only one good suit.(他只有一套好西装。)”可知，他只有一套好西装，所以他没有参加学校活动的衣服。故选D。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试着加入足球队，但教练因为他太轻而拒绝了他。A. looked看；B. tried尝试；C. decided决定；D. worked工作。根据空后的“for the football team, but the coach turned him down”可知，他试图加入足球队，但遭到了拒绝。try for意为“试图获得”。故选B。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. light轻的；B. flexible灵活的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. outgoing外向的。根据空前的“the coach turned him down for being too”并结合常识可知，他被足球教练拒绝了，应该是体重太轻，不符合足球运动员的标准。故选A。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，Tom慢慢地产生了自卑感，他的母亲知道这会阻碍他发挥真正的潜力。A. gaining获得；B. achieving实现；C. developing发展，出现（问题）；D. obtaining获得。根据空后的“an inferiority complex(自卑感)”和下文中的“could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed”可知，他慢慢地变得不自信了，产生了自卑感。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. prevent阻止；B. protect保护；C. save救；D. free释放。根据空前的“which his mother knew could”和空后的“him from achieving his real potential”以及下文中的“She ____11____that Tom join the debating team, believing that ____12____in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.”可知，Tom产生了自卑感，他的妈妈认为这会阻碍他发挥自己真正的潜力。故选A。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议Tom加入辩论队，相信练习演讲能给他所需的信心和认可。A. suggested建议；B. demanded强烈要求；C. required需要；D. insisted坚决要求。根据空后的“that Tom join the debating team”和下文中的“his mother’s advice”可知，她建议Tom加入辩论队。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. presence在场，出席；B. practice练习；C. patience耐心；D. potential潜力。根据句中的“Tom join the debating team”和空后的“in speaking”可知，她建议Tom加入辩论队，练习演讲。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Tom听从了母亲的建议，拼命地尝试，几次尝试后终于成功了。A. hopefully怀有希望地；B. certainly无疑，肯定；C. finally最后，终于；D. naturally自然地。根据空前的“after several attempts”和空后的“made it”可知，他尝试了几次后，最终成功了。故选C。 【49题详解】 考查形容词、动词和名词词义辨析。句意：这证明是他人生的转折点。A. key关键的；B. breaking打破；C. basic基础的；D. turning拐弯处。根据下文中的“Speaking before groups did help him gain the ____15____he needed.”可知，Tom以前自卑，加入辩论队后重获自信，所以这是他的人生转折点。turning point意为“转折点”。故选D。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在小组前演讲确实帮助他获得了所需的信心。A. progress进步，进展；B. experience经验；C. ability能力；D. confidence自信，信心。根据上文中的“give him the confidence and recognition that he needed”可知，他通过演讲重获自信。故选D。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到Tom大四的时候，他已经赢得了演讲的所有最高荣誉。A. horse-riding骑马；B. football足球；C. speech演说；D. farming务农。根据上文中的“the debating team”和“Speaking”可知，Tom在辩论队中练习演讲，所以他获得了演讲的所有最高荣誉。故选C。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，其他学生来找他指导，他们反过来也赢得了比赛。A. confidence自信，信心；B. money钱；C. coaching培训，辅导；D. honour荣誉。根据空前的“other students were coming to him for”和空后的“they, in turn, were winning contests”可知，其他学生找他辅导演讲技能，然后这些人也赢得了比赛。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在克服自卑感的早期斗争中，Tom逐渐明白，向观众表达想法的能力会建立一个人的信心。A. convey表达，传递（思想、感情等）B. overcome克服；C. understand理解；D. build建造。根据空后的“his feelings of inferiority”和上文中的“give him the confidence and recognition that he needed”可知，他早期缺乏自信，非常自卑，他努力想克服自卑感。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. express表达；B. stress强调；C. contribute捐献；D. repeat重复。根据空后的“an idea to an audience”并结合上文他加入辩论队演讲的事情可知，这里指的是向观众表达想法。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了它，Tom知道他可以做任何他想做的事，其他人也可以。A. really事实上；B. then当时，然后；C. neither也不；D. so如此。这里是个倒装句，可排除A项和B项。根据空前的“with it, Tom knew he could do anything he wanted to do”可知，Tom认为他能做到任何想做的事，那么别人也是如此，应用so。neither常用于表示否定意义的倒装句。故选D。 Section B (A) The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using today’s new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they’re already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program. The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device’s camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia. With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn’t know any English. That’s unbelievable,” said Keller. The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn. It won’t be in Amharic, Ethiopia’s first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs. 56. How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village? A. It trains teachers for them. B. It contributes to their self-study. C. It helps raise their living standards. D. It provides funds for building schools. 57. What can we infer from Keller’s words in Paragraph 3? A. They need more time to analyze data. B. More children are needed for the research. C. He is confident about the future of the project. D. The research should be carried out in kindergartens. 58. It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _______. A. learn English words quickly. B. draw pictures of animals. C. write letters to researchers. D. make phone calls to his friends. 59. What is the aim of the project? A. To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs. B. To make Amharic widely used in the world. C. To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English. D. To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language. 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. A 59. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述的是美国一个团体在俄塞俄比亚没有学校和老师的地方，通过给孩子们20台平板电脑的方式看使用新技术的孩子是否能够教会自己阅读。这个计划的目的是让孩子到达一个“深读”的阶段，他们能通过阅读来学习。不是学习埃塞俄比亚的官方语言阿姆哈拉语，而是被广泛认为是获得高薪工作的“敲门砖”的英语。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The goal is to find out whether kids using today’s new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist.”可知,这个项目的目标是看一看在没有学校和老师的地方,使用新技术的孩子是否能够通过自学学会阅读。故B项正确。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中凯勒的话“What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,”可知,事实证明,通过这个项目,孩子们学到的知识比他们在幼儿园待一年学到的还多。因此他对这个项目的前景是充满信心的。故选C项。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Then he spelled words on his own.”和其末尾凯勒所说的“Seven months ago he didn’t know any English.That’s unbelievable...”可知,七个月前Kelbesa不懂英语,而现在可以重新排列字母HSROE,把它们重新组合成自己所知道的一种动物的名字,然后自己拼写单词。所以有了这台平板电脑，凯尔贝萨就能很快地学会英语单词，这让凯勒感到惊讶。故选A项。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn.”这个项目旨在让孩子们进入一个叫做“深度阅读”的阶段，在那里他们可以通过阅读来学习。 由此判断出这个项目旨在让埃塞俄比亚的孩子们通过深度阅读达到学习英语的目的,故选C项。 (B) Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries. In Brazil Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls. In Singapore Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank. In the United Arab Emirates In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented. In Switzerland The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others’ time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate. 60. The passage is mainly about _____________. A. communication types B. the workplace atmosphere C. customs and social manners D. living conditions and standards 61. Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss? A. They put efficiency in the first place. B. They dislike face-to-face communication. C. They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible. D. They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank. 62. In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered? A. When greeting seniors. B. When meeting the host alone. C. When attending a presentation. D. When dining with business partners. 63. In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table? A. In Brazil. B. In Singapore. C. In the United Arab Emirate. D. In Switzerland. 【答案】60. C 61. D 62. B 63. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。这篇短文是一本手册上摘录下来的，是关于不同国家里的风俗习惯和社交礼仪的。在这篇短文中一共出现了四个国家或地区。 【60题详解】 主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述的什么？由第一段“Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries”可知，这里是一个从一本手册上摘录下来的，关于不同的国家中，人们的行为举止是怎样的。所以第一段就是文章的中心句。故短文主要是关于不同的国家风俗习惯和社交礼仪。故选C。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。为什么新加坡人不会跟老板发生争吵。由In Singapore “Rank is important and authority is respected”可知，在新加坡等级是很重要的，权威的人物必须受到尊敬。由此我们可以知道，新加坡人不会跟他们的老板争吵。故选D。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。在阿联酋，什么时候你应该拒绝咖啡？根据短文第四段中When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse.可知，当独自见面时，如果主人给你咖啡，你应该拒绝。故选B。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。在哪个国家人们把手放在餐桌上？根据短文的最后一段“The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.”可知，在瑞士这个国家里，人们遵循着正式的餐桌礼仪，他们在吃饭的时候，要把手放在餐桌的上面，胳膊肘放在下面，而且要吃光盘里的东西。故选D。 (C) Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way — by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Esmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing (海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Esmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study. As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves. 64. The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. repair rooms B. trading fairs C. business talks D. group meetings 65. Esmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ______. A. what caused the shipping accident B. when and where the shoes went missing C. whether it was all right to use their shoes D. how much they lost in the shipping accident 66. Esmeyer is most famous for ______. A traveling widely the coastal cities of the world B. making records for any lost objects on the sea C. running a global currents research association D. phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea 67. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A. To call people's attention to ocean pollution. B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents. D. To give advice on how to search for lost objects on the beach. 【答案】64. B 65. C 66. D 67. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通过一种特殊的方式来研究洋流,即通过追踪随机漂浮垃圾的运动轨迹来研究洋流。 【64题详解】 词义猜测题，根据第一段划线句下文“to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.(以试图匹配左右鞋子来出售或穿着)”可推断，有这么多的鞋，人们设立了旧物交换会尝试匹配的左、右鞋出售或穿着。可知swap meets意为贸易交换所。故选B。 【65题详解】 细节理解题，根据第二段的“He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Esmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.(他打电话给鞋业公司，问他们是否想要回鞋子。不出所料，该公司告诉他，他们不要。埃斯迈耶意识到这可能是一个伟大的实验)”可知，Ebbesmeye打电话的目的是为了确定自己是否有权使用这些鞋子。故选C。 【66题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As the result of his work, Esmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.(由于他的工作成果，埃斯迈耶已经成为著名的科学家，会有人打电话询问在海洋中发现的任何不寻常的漂浮物。他甚至成立了一个由海滩拾荒者和海洋专家组成的协会，从西非到新西兰，已有500名会员。他们记录了从土豆到高尔夫手套的所有失物)”可知，Ebbesmeyer已经成为一位知名科学家，一旦发现海上有不寻常的漂浮物时，人们都会打电话咨询他，故选D。 【67题详解】 推理判断题，根据第一段“Many scientists are making greater effort to study ocean currents(洋流) for the moment. Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Esmeyer does it in a special way --- by studying movements of random floating garbage.(现在科学家们正在努力研究洋流。大多数人使用卫星和其他高科技设备。然而,海洋专家Curtis Ebbesmeyer一采用种特殊的方式来研究洋流,即通过追踪随机漂浮垃圾的运动轨迹来研究洋流)”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是阐述一种特殊的研究海洋洋流的方式。故选C。 (D) Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger. Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative. Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation. 68. The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________. A. usually has a biological basis B. varies among people C. is socially and culturally shaped D. influences one’s thinking and evaluation 69. What changes can be found in an angry brain? A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted. B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas. C. Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour. D. Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition. 70. Which of the following is typical of offensive anger? A. Approaching the source of anger. B. Trying to control what is disliked. C. Moving away from what is disliked. D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger. 71. What is the key message of the last paragraph? A. How anger differs from other emotions. B. How anger relates to other emotions. C. Behavioural responses to anger. D. Behavioural patterns of anger. 【答案】68. C 69. B 70. A 71. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了愤怒的危害和人在愤怒时脑电波的活动，并且最后详细阐述了进攻性愤怒和防守型愤怒的表现形式。 【68题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. ”（愤怒的具体表达方式也因生物和文化因素而因人而异。在当代文化中，愤怒的肢体表达通常被认为对社会太有害，不能容忍。我们不再使用决斗来表达愤怒，是因为人们意识到这是对他人的侮辱行为。）可推断出，愤怒的表现形式受社会和文化的影响。所以C项“is socially and culturally shaped”（是社会和文化塑造的）符合题意。故选C项。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. ”（但当我们生气时，左右前额叶区域的脑电图显示不平衡，因此，我们很可能会做出反应。）可知，人在生气的时候，大脑的额叶前部区域发现不平衡的图案。所以B项“Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas. ”（不平衡模式出现在前额叶区域。）符合题意。故选B项。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. ”（我们越生气，就越有可能朝着我们愤怒的目标前进。这与心理学家所说的攻击性愤怒是一致的：愤怒的人靠得更近，是为了影响和控制引起他愤怒的人或情况。）可知，进攻性愤怒的特点是：我们越生气，就越想接近激怒我们的那个生气对象。所以A项“Approaching the source of anger. ”（接近愤怒的源头。）符合题意。故选A项。 【71题详解】 主旨大意题。文章最后一段主要说明了offensive anger（进攻性生气）和defensive anger（防御性生气）两种不同的生气形式。所以D项“ Behavioural patterns of anger”（愤怒的行为模式。）符合题意。故选D项。 IV. Vocabulary Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. additional B. producing C. regular D. predicted E. identified F. atmosphere G. matched H. reducing I. carried J. increase Forests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide in the ____72____. Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater, Maryland, said that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might be ____73____ to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant ____74____ in atmospheric CO2, he said. “We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them” Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in ____75____ the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate. Dr. Parker and his colleagues have ____76____ out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) ____77____ basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing ____78____ tons of wood each year. The scientists ____79____ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had ____80____ from estimates of the long-term rates of growth. 【答案】72. F 73. G 74. J 75. H 76. I 77. C 78. A 79. E 80. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，由于气候变化，北半球的森林生长速度加快。 【72题详解】 考查名词。句意：由于生长季节变长长，大气中二氧化碳浓度变高，这些树木的生长速度似乎更快。空前有the，这里应用名词作宾语。根据空前的“higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide”可知，这里是说大气中的二氧化碳浓度。atmosphere意为“大气”。故选F。 【73题详解】 考查动词。句意：马里兰州埃奇沃特史密森尼环境研究中心的科学家杰弗里·帕克表示，生长速度的增加是出乎意料的，可能与该地区记录的更高温度和更长的生长季节相匹配。根据“the increase in the rate of growth”和“the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons”可知，温度、生长季节与生长速度之间是呈正比的关系。match意为“相配”。be matched to意为“与……相配”。故选G。 【74题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说，这种增长也可能受到大气中二氧化碳显著增加的影响。根据空前的“the significant”可知，空处应用名词。根据上文中的“The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide”可知，树木生长速度加快与二氧化碳浓度升高有关，所以这里说这种增长也可能受到大气中二氧化碳显著增加的影响。increase意为“增加”，可作名词。故选J。 【75题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们的研究表明，北方森林在减少人为二氧化碳对气候的影响方面可能变得越来越重要。根据空后的“the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate”并结合上文说北方森林生长速度加快可知，北方森林数量变多，可能在减少人为二氧化碳对气候的影响方面发挥更加重要的作用。空前有in，这里应用动名词reducing(减少)。故选H。 【76题详解】 考查动词。句意：自1987年以来，帕克博士和他的同事们定期对这些树木进行详细记录。根据空后的“out a detailed record”可知，这里表示进行详细记录。carry out意为“进行，执行”。空前有助动词have，这里应用过去分词。故选I。 【77题详解】 考查形容词。句意参考上题。根据“since 1987”可知，这里表示长期以来对这些树木进行定期记录。空处应用形容词作定语。on a regular basis意为“定期”。故选C。 【78题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们计算出，由于全球变暖，森林每年产生额外的木材数量。根据上文中的“forests could be growing faster”可知，森林生长加快，会产生更多的木材，即每年有额外的木材量。空处应用形容词additional(额外的)，作定语。故选A。 【79题详解】 考查动词。句意：科学家们确定了这片土地上不同生长阶段的树木，并发现小树和老树的生长速度都在加快。根据空后的“the land with trees at different stages of growth”可知，既然要定期记录，那么要确定一块有不同生长阶段树木的土地。故选E。 【80题详解】 考查动词。句意：超过90%的树木群的生长速度是科学家根据长期生长率估计预测的两到四倍。根据空后的“from estimates of the long-term rates of growth”可知，这里是说根据估计数据进行预测。predict意为“预测”，空前有助动词had，这里应用过去分词。故选D。 V. Write down the following words and expressions according to the Chinese given. Only one word should be written on each line.（本大题共30小题，共20分） Section A Words (The first letter of the word has been given.) （本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分） 汉译英 81. v.预言 ______ 82. n.数字 f______ 83. v.威胁 ______ 84. n.灭绝，绝种 ______ 85. n.选择 o______ 86. adj.关切，关注的 c______ 87. vt.摧毁 ______ 88. v.搏斗，扭打；斗争 ______ 89. vt.维持； 保持 m. ______ 90. v.靠近， 接近 ______ 【答案】81. predict 82. figure 83. threaten 84. extinction 85. option 86. concerned 87. destroy 88. struggle 89. maintain 90. approach 【解析】 【81题详解】 考查汉译英。动词表示“预言”为predict，故填predict。 【82题详解】 考查汉译英。名词表示“数字”为figure，故填figure。 【83题详解】 考查汉译英。动词表示“威胁”为threaten，故填threaten。 【84题详解】 考查汉译英。名词表示“灭绝，绝种”为extinction，故填extinction。 【85题详解】 考查汉译英。名词表示“选择”为option，故填option。 【86题详解】 考查汉译英。形容词表示“关切的，关注的”为concerned，故填concerned。 【87题详解】 考查汉译英。动词表示“摧毁”为destroy，故填destroy。 【88题详解】 考查汉译英。动词表示“搏斗，扭打；斗争”为struggle，故填struggle。 【89题详解】 考查汉译英。动词表示“维持；保持”为maintain，故填maintain。 【90题详解】 考查汉译英。动词表示“靠近，接近”为approach，故填approach。 汉译英 91. n.失败的人或事 ______ 92. adv.永久地 ______ 93. adj.现实的；实事求是的______ 94. n.挫折；阻碍______ 95. v.纵身跳入；投身 ______ 96. n.偏见；成见 ______ 97. n.原则；原理 ______ 98. adj.敏感的；神经过敏的______ 99. v.反射；反映 ______ 100. adj.心理学的______ 【答案】91. failure 92. permanently 93. realistic 94. setback 95. plunge 96. prejudice 97. principle 98. sensitive 99. reflect 100. psychological 【解析】 【91题详解】 “失败的人或事”可用英语表示为failure，根据词性可知是名词。故答案为failure。 【92题详解】 “永久地”可用英语表示为permanently，根据词性可知是副词。故答案为permanently。 【93题详解】 “现实的；实事求是的”可用英语表示为realistic，根据词性可知是形容词。故答案为realistic。 【94题详解】 “挫折；阻碍”可用英语表示为setback，根据词性可知是名词。故答案为setback。 【95题详解】 “纵身跳入；投身”可用英语表示为plunge，根据词性可知是动词。故答案为plunge。 【96题详解】 “偏见；成见”可用英语表示为prejudice，根据词性可知是名词。故答案为prejudice。 【97题详解】 “原则；原理”可用英语表示为principle，根据词性可知是名词。故答案为principle。 【98题详解】 “敏感的；神经过敏的”可用英语表示为sensitive，根据词性可知是形容词。故答案为sensitive。 【99题详解】 “反射；反映”可用英语表示为reflect，根据词性可知是动词。故答案为reflect。 【100题详解】 “心理学的”可用英语表示为psychological，根据词性可知是形容词。故答案为psychological。 Section B Expressions (Only one word should be written on each line.) （本大题共10小题， 每小题1分， 共10分） 汉译英 101. 承认偷了那钱 a______ ______ ______ ______ 102. 在很大程度上 t______ ______ ______ ______ 103. 申请硕士学位 _______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 104. 控制整个城市 ______ ______ ______ the whole city 105. 和其他人的情况相似be ______ ______ others’ situations 106. 由于大雨 t______ ______ the heavy rain 107. 设法赢得那场比赛m________________________ 108. 受失业所威胁 ______ t______ ______ unemployment 109. 把那篇文章限定在800字 ______ ______ ______ _______800 words 110. 成为了一名飞行员的梦想 ______ ______ ______ a pilot 【答案】101. ①. admit ②. stealing ③. the ④. money 102. ①. to ②. a ③. large ④. extent 103. ①. apply ②. for ③. a ④. master’s ⑤. degree 104. ①. take ②. control ③. of 105. ①. similar ②. to 106. ①. thanks ②. to 107. manage to win the competition 108. ①. be ②. threatened ③. with 109. ①. limit ②. the ③. article ④. to 110. ①. dream ②. of ③. becoming 【解析】 【分析】汉译英 【101题详解】 “承认”用动词admit，“偷”用动词steal，用动名词stealing作宾语，“那钱”用the money，作宾语。故填①admit；②stealing；③the；④money。 【102题详解】 “在很大程度上”是固定短语，用to a large extent表示。故填①to；②a；③large；④extent。 【103题详解】 “申请”用动词短语apply for，“硕士学位”用a master’s degree。故填①apply；②for；③a；④master’s；⑤degree。 【104题详解】 “控制”用动词短语take control of表示。故填①take；②control；③of。 【105题详解】 “和……相似”用similar to表示。故填①similar；②to。 【106题详解】 “由于”用thanks to表示。故填①thanks；②to。 【107题详解】 “设法”用动词短语manage to do表示，“赢得”用动词win，用不定式to win作宾语，“那场比赛”用the competition表示。故填manage to win the competition。 【108题详解】 “受……所威胁”用be threatened with表示，使用了被动语态。故填①be；②threatened；③with。 【109题详解】 “把……限定在……”用动词短语limit...to...，“那篇文章”用the article表示。故填①limit；②the；③article；④to。 【110题详解】 “梦想”用名词dream，“成为了一名飞行员的”作定语，用介词短语of becoming a pilot表示。故填①dream；②of；③becoming。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null