精品解析：陕西省安康市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末质量联考英语试卷（含听力）

2023—2024学年度安康市高二年级期末质量联考 英语 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why does the man like his new room? A. It is near his friends’ flats. B. It is close to the school. C. It is large enough. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Do you like your new room? M: It’s nice to have enough space for all my things, so I’m glad I moved in. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How much will the man pay for two student tickets? A $10. B. $20. C. $30. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: How much are the tickets? W: They’re ten dollars each for the general public, but student tickets are half-price. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What do we learn about Jack? A. He worked very well. B. He spoke to the boss. C. He gave orders like a boss. 【答案】C 【解析】 原文】W: Do you get along well with Jack at the office? M: He ordered everyone as if he were the boss there. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why did the man fail to answer the phone? A. He lost it. B. He didn’t hear it. C. His phone ran out of power. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Do you have any ideas what time it is now? Have you ever heard your phone? M: I’m sorry. But my phone ran out of power. I got back here as fast as I could because I knew you would be worried. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What will the weather probably be like tomorrow? A. Snowy. B. Rainy. C. Warm. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Hi, Tom. Nice and warm today, isn’t it? M: Yes, beautiful. I hope it can stay warm until this weekend. W: But the weather report says it is going to rain from tomorrow. M: Oh no, I hate rain. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The man’s children. B. Their team members. C. A famous athlete. 7. What team is Patricia on? A. The swim team. B. The basketball team. C. The volleyball team. 【答案】6. A 7. B 【解析】 【原文】M: These are my son, Don, and my daughter, Patricia. W: They look so healthy and strong. Are they involved in school sports? M: Yes, they are. My son, Don, is on the high school swim team. Of course he also lifts weights. W: He does look quite strong. So does your daughter Patricia. I bet she’s a dancer. Is she studying ballet? M: No, actually she is captain of the basketball team. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Father and daughter. B. Husband and wife. C. Brother and sister. 9. What will the speakers do tomorrow? A. Tidy up the garage. B. Clean up the backyard. C. Go to the supermarket. 【答案】8. C 9. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Look, mum has left a note with housework for us to do while she and dad are away this weekend. W: Let me see — tidy up the garage and clean up the backyard. M: She doesn’t say which we should do first. W: Hey. We are not robots! We can make our own plan as long as everything gets done. Read the weather report in the newspaper. M: Hmm. Sunny today, cloudy tonight, probably heavy rain tomorrow. Well, that makes it easy. We work outside today and inside tomorrow. W: Yep. Let’s get started. I want to go to the supermarket this afternoon. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. When did the conversation happen? A. In the evening. B. In the morning. C. At noon. 11. Why did the woman call the man? A. To ask for someone. B. To apply for a post. C. To reserve a table for dinner. 12. Where does the woman want to sit? A. By the window. B. In the front. C. Near the back. 【答案】10. B 11. C 12. A 【解析】 【原文】M: Good morning, Peace Restaurant. John is speaking. How can I help you? W: I’d like to reserve a table for dinner on November 19th. M: How big a group are you expecting? W: Six. M: What time would you like to have your table? W: About seven. I think. M: A table for six at seven on November 19th. May I have your name and phone number, madam? W: Thatcher, Mary Thatcher. My number is 36527081. M: Thank you, Mrs. Thatcher. And do you prefer a smoking or non-smoking area? W: In the non-smoking area, please. Oh, one more thing. I want a table by the window. We’d like to enjoy the night view of Shanghai. M: OK. Is there anything else I can do for you? W: No, thanks. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. Why does the woman travel alone? A. She wants some time for herself. B. She is on business. C. Her family don’t like traveling. 14. What does the woman think of the hotel’s service? A. It is common. B. It is bad. C. It is great. 15. What is the man’s favorite part of the hotel? A. The service. B. The breakfast. C. The facilities. 16. What does the woman say about the hotel? A. The prices are reasonable. B. It doesn’t seem like a nice hotel. C. The service doesn’t have anything special. 【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 【解析】 【原文】M: This is quite a nice pool, isn’t it? W: I’ll say. Is this your first time in this hotel? M: Oh, no. I stay here every time I’m in New York on business. What about you? W: This is my first time here without my family. I just want some time for myself this weekend. M: Good for you! My name is Bernard Smith, but you can call me Bernie. W: Hi. Bernie! I’m Jane. M: Nice to meet you. So, Jane, what do you think is the best part of this hotel? W: Well, the service here is much better than most other hotels. Considering the price of the rooms here, you might not expect the service to be anything special, but I feel like I am treated like a queen whenever I’m here. M: I agree that the service is great, but my favorite thing about this place has got to be the breakfast. I mean, have you seen so many choices anywhere else? W: Well, you have a point there, Bernie. I do love eating breakfast here. And I guess I usually talk about it whenever people ask me how my trip to New York was. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What is the man talking about? A. His wife’s hobbies. B. His after-work activities. C. His success as an expert climber. 18. What is the man going to do next year? A. To climb the Alps with his wife. B. To enter for the London Marathon. C. To complete a course of climbing. 19. How long does the man run every day? A. About 3 miles. B. About 42 kilometers. C. About 1,000 meters. 20. Where did the man do easy climb a few years ago? A. In London. B. In America. C. In the Alps. 【答案】17. B 18. B 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Now, I will tell you something about my after-work activities. I guess it’s not quite different from anyone else’s. I’m interested in sports. I run about 3 miles every day. Next year I’m going to try the London Marathon. It’s a long, hard race — 42 kilometers, but I want to do it very much. I worry a bit about getting old, and I’d like to prove myself that I’m still almost as fit as I was twenty years ago. I’m interested in climbing as well as running. I’ll never become an expert climber, but I know what I’m doing in the mountains. I successfully completed a course in snow and ice climbing when I was young, and I did a series of easy climbs in the Alps a few years ago. I certainly enjoy myself by doing sports. It makes me keep healthy and energetic. I love it. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are some of European cities for football lovers. Munich Germany’s most successful team regularly sells out the ultramodern 75,000-capacity Allianz Arena. The stadium is a real spectacle. If you can’t get there for a match, the behind-the-scenes tour is a good alternative. Tours include access to the FC Bayern Museum, where countless trophies are on display. Stadium tour: £9.5 for children, £22 for adults. Barcelona Although Camp Nou stadium is being rebuilt, the museum remains open in another part of the Camp Nou complex. Ticket upgrades include a “Robokeeper” option for kids who want to practice their football skills in the stadium. Barcelona is a fun city to explore with kids, with beaches, ice-cream shops, the family-friendly CosmoCaixa science museum. Museum entry: £18 for children, £24 for adults. London The 62,850-capacity Tottenham Hotspur Stadium was opened in 2019. On non-match days, the stadium tour is an eye-opener — kids can sit in the same dressing room seats as their heroes, but just as appealing for families is the Dare Skywalk, an ascent up the stadium exterior (suitable for ages eight and above). Stadium tour: £16 for children, £27 for adults. Dare Skywalk: £31 for children, £39 for adults. Liverpool Anfield Stadium is one of the best-known football stadiums on the planet. Young fans will find plenty to enjoy on the stadium tour, with photo opportunities, dressing room access and great views across the city. The Anfield Abseil is new this year, a chance to abseil down the side of the stadium (suitable for ages 10 and above). Stadium tours: £14 for children, £23 for adults. Anfield Abseil: £38 for children, £45 for adults. 21. Which stadium is impossible for children to tour at present? A. Allianz Arena. B. Camp Nou. C. Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. D. Anfield Stadium. 22. How much will a father with a kid pay for the tour to Anfield Stadium? A. £37. B. £59. C. £61. D. £83. 23. What is the purpose of the text? A. To point out the importance of having a break. B. To encourage people to watch football matches. C. To present several cities full of football atmosphere. D. To introduce the functions of some famous stadiums. 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个适合足球爱好者的欧洲城市。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Barcelona部分中“Although Camp Nou stadium is being rebuilt, the museum remains open in another part of the Camp Nou complex.(虽然Camp Nou体育场正在重建，但博物馆仍然在诺坎普建筑群的另一部分开放)”可知，Camp Nou是目前儿童无法参观的。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Stadium tours: £14 for children, £23 for adults.(体育场参观：儿童14英镑，成人23英镑)”可知，一个带着孩子的父亲要为安菲尔德球场之旅支付14+23=£37。故选A。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are some of European cities for football lovers.(以下是一些适合足球爱好者的欧洲城市)”结合文章主要介绍了四个适合足球爱好者的欧洲城市。可知，文章的目的是呈现几个充满足球氛围的城市。故选C。 B Louis Pasteur was a great scientist who not only made significant achievements in the field of microbiology but also invented a food preservation method that is still widely used today—the process of pasteurization (巴氏杀菌法). In the mid-19th century, Pasteur noticed that wine and beer often turned sour during production, causing substantial economic losses for the brewing industry (酿酒行业). At that time, brewers did not understand the specific reasons why alcoholic drinks would turn sour. Pasteur began conducting a series of experiments to determine the cause of the souring of alcoholic drinks. He discovered that the souring was due to microorganisms in the air entering the drinks. These microorganisms would multiply in the drinks, causing them to go bad. To prove that microorganisms were not generated on their own but came from preexisting microorganisms, Pasteur designed a famous experiment known as the swan neck flask (鹅颈瓶) experiment. He attached a curved glass tube to a bottle containing soup. The soup was exposed to air, but microorganisms in the air could not directly enter the soup. This experiment demonstrated that soup without microorganisms would not go bad. Based on these findings, Pasteur began searching for a method to kill the microorganisms in wine while preserving its quality. He discovered that by heating the wine to a certain temperature and maintaining it for a period, he could kill the microorganisms without destroying the flavor of wine. This method later became known as pasteurization. Pasteurization was quickly adopted by the brewing industry and rapidly spread to other food and beverage industries. This method not only extended the shelf life of foods but also improved food safety. The invention of pasteurization had a profound impact on the food industry. Even today, pasteurization is widely used in the production of milk, juice, and other foods, helping to reduce the risk of food-related illnesses. 24. What does the author want to state in paragraph 2? A. The topic of the text. B. The process of pasteurization. C. Pasteur’s scientific contribution. D. Pasteur’s inspiration for inventing pasteurization. 25. Why did Pasteur do the swan neck flask experiment? A. To show that soup exposed to air will always go bad. B. To demonstrate that microorganisms can generate themselves. C. To prove that microorganisms come from pre-existing ones. D. To indicate that soup can keep long without any air exposure. 26. What did Pasteur’s method achieve for the brewing industry? A. The extended shelf life. B. Improved wine flavors. C. The faster production time. D. Changed beverage colors. 27. Which can be the best title for the text? A. The Role of Temperature in Food Safety B. The Invention and Impact of Pasteurization C. The Economic History of Brewing in the 19th Century D. The Discovery of Microorganisms and Pasteur’s Experiments 【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了历史上一位伟大科学家Louis Pasteur的发明及其科学贡献，展示了Pasteur的科学成就及其对食品工业产生的深远影响。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In the mid-19th century, Pasteur noticed that wine and beer often turned sour during production, causing substantial economic losses for the brewing industry (酿酒行业). At that time, brewers did not understand the specific reasons why alcoholic drinks would turn sour. (19世纪中期，Pasteur注意到葡萄酒和啤酒在生产过程中经常变酸，给酿酒业造成了巨大的经济损失。当时，酿酒师并不了解酒精饮料变酸的具体原因。)”可知，在本段中，作者描述了Pasteur注意到葡萄酒和啤酒在生产过程中经常变酸，这给酿酒行业带来了巨大的经济损失。这是Pasteur发明巴氏杀菌法的灵感来源，因此作者想要在第二段中阐述的是Pasteur发明巴氏杀菌法的动机或灵感。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“To prove that microorganisms were not generated on their own but came from preexisting microorganisms, Pasteur designed a famous experiment known as the swan neck flask (鹅颈瓶) experiment. (为了证明微生物不是自己产生的，而是来自先前存在的微生物，Pasteur设计了一个著名的实验，称为鹅颈瓶实验。)”可知，Pasteur进行鹅颈瓶实验的目的是为了证明微生物不是自行产生的，而是来自预先存在的微生物。在实验中，他将一根弯曲的玻璃管连接到装有汤的瓶子里，这样汤可以暴露在空气中，但空气中的微生物不能直接进入汤中。实验结果表明，没有微生物的汤不会变质，从而证明了微生物来自预先存在的微生物。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Pasteurization was quickly adopted by the brewing industry and rapidly spread to other food and beverage industries. This method not only extended the shelf life of foods but also improved food safety. (巴氏杀菌法很快被酿酒行业采用，并迅速传播到其他食品和饮料行业。这种方法不仅延长了食品的保质期，还提高了食品安全。)”可知，Pasteur的方法为酿酒行业实现了延长保质期。故选A。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Louis Pasteur was a great scientist who not only made significant achievements in the field of microbiology but also invented a food preservation method that is still widely used today—the process of pasteurization (巴氏杀菌法). ( Louis Pasteur是一位伟大的科学家，他不仅在微生物学领域取得了重大成就，而且发明了一种至今仍被广泛使用的食品保存方法——巴氏杀菌法。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Pasteur发明巴氏杀菌法Pasteurization的过程及其对食品工业产生的深远影响。从Pasteur注意到酿酒行业中的酒品变酸问题，到他通过实验发现微生物是导致酒品变酸的原因，再到他发明巴氏杀菌法来延长食品的保质期和改善食品安全，整个文章都是围绕巴氏杀菌法的发明和影响来展开的。因此，选项B “The Invention and Impact of Pasteurization（巴氏杀菌法的发明与影响）”符合文章主旨。故选B。 C In Mediterranean waters, off the coast of France, a diver recently visited the shipwreck La Lune, which lay untouched and unexplored on the ocean bottom since it sank in 1664. But the wreck’s first visitor in centuries wasn’t human. It was a robot. Called OceanOne, the bright orange diving robot measures about 1.5 meters in length and has a torso (躯干), a head with stereoscopic vision (立体视觉) and arms. Its lower section holds its computer “brain”, a power supply, and an array of eight multidirectional thrusters (推进器). Guided by a computer scientist from a boat, OceanOne combined artificial intelligence, sensory feedback and flexible mechanical construction to perform delicate tasks underwater, such as retrieving a delicate cultural relic from the ruins. It can place the cultural relic in a box so the thing can be brought to the surface. OceanOne can not only investigate parts of the ocean that are less accessible to people, but can do so with the flexibility of a human diver. The engineers also created an interface (接口) that allows a person to not only control the robot, but to actually “feel” what the robot is touching. “The intention here is to have a human diving virtually,” said Oussama Khatib, who piloted OceanOne on its La Lune visit. Khatib, a professor of computer science at Stanford University in California, explained that the experience of guiding the robot is almost like being the diver. “You can feel exactly what the robot is doing,” said Khatib. OceanOne is also capable of interpreting and responding to its environment autonomously, detecting whether its hands-on work requires a lighter touch and when it needs to make adjustments to stay in place or change direction. The team behind OceanOne viewed the robot as a means for studying Red Sea’s coral reefs at depths that were inaccessible to a human diver. OceanOne would conduct underwater research—operated by a scientist on the surface—without damaging the reef or its inhabitants. 28. What do we know about OceanOne? A. It has replaced a diver’s job. B. It functions as a human. C. It is a fish living in the ocean. D. It can conduct demanding tasks. 29. What does the underlined word “retrieving” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Carving. B. Recovering. C. Guiding. D. Crashing. 30. What is the engineers’ purpose of creating an interface? A. To make a diver operate it conveniently. B. To connect the robot to other computers. C. To satisfy an operator’s virtual experience. D. To learn well how the robot performs tasks. 31. Which word can best describe OceanOne? A. Tiny. B. Traditional. C. Human-like. D. Multifunctional. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是潜水机器人 OceanOne不仅具备灵活的运动能力和水下作业的复杂性，还能够将文物安全地带到地面。更重要的是，它结合了人工智能、感官反馈和灵活的机械结构，使得人类可以像自己潜水一样远程操作和控制它，从而调查那些人类难以进入的海洋部分。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Guided by a computer scientist from a boat, OceanOne combined artificial intelligence, sensory feedback and flexible mechanical construction to perform delicate tasks underwater, such as retrieving a delicate cultural relic from the ruins. (在一名计算机科学家的指导下，“海洋一号”将人工智能、感官反馈和灵活的机械结构结合起来，在水下执行复杂的任务，比如从废墟中找回一件精美的文物。)”可知，OceanOne 可以执行复杂的任务。故选D。 【29题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“It can place the cultural relic in a box so the thing can be brought to the surface. (它可以把文物放在一个盒子里，这样文物就可以被带到地面上。)”可知，OceanOne首先把文物找到，然后放到盒子里，所以画线的词是“找回，收回”的意思。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The engineers also created an interface (接口) that allows a person to not only control the robot, but to actually “feel” what the robot is touching. “The intention here is to have a human diving virtually,” said Oussama Khatib, who piloted OceanOne on its La Lune visit. Khatib, a professor of computer science at Stanford University in California, explained that the experience of guiding the robot is almost like being the diver. “You can feel exactly what the robot is doing,” said Khatib. (工程师们还设计了一个界面，不仅能让人控制机器人，还能真正“感觉到”机器人触摸的东西。“这里的目的是让人类进行虚拟潜水，”在拉月号上驾驶海洋一号的奥萨玛·哈提卜说。哈提卜是加州斯坦福大学的计算机科学教授，他解释说，引导机器人的体验几乎就像潜水员一样。“你可以确切地感觉到机器人在做什么，”哈提卜说。)”可知，工程师创建接口的目的是满足操作员的虚拟体验。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“OceanOne is also capable of interpreting and responding to its environment autonomously, detecting whether its hands-on work requires a lighter touch and when it needs to make adjustments to stay in place or change direction. (OceanOne还能够自动解释和响应其环境，检测其实际操作是否需要更轻的触摸，以及何时需要进行调整以保持原位或改变方向。)”可知，OceanOne能够承担多种工作，如自动解释和响应环境，检测实际操作是否需要更轻的触摸，所以OceanOne是多功能的。故选D。 D New research indicates that physical activity lowers cardiovascular (心血管的) disease risk in part by reducing stress-related signals in the brain. In the study, which was led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), people with stress-related conditions such as depression experienced the most cardiovascular benefits from physical activity. To assess the mechanisms (机制) underlying the psychological and cardiovascular disease benefits of physical activity, Ahmed Tawakol, MD, an investigator and cardiologist in the Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center at MGH, and his colleagues analyzed medical records and other information of 50,359 participants from the Mass General Brigham Biobank who completed a physical activity survey. A subset of 774 participants also underwent brain imaging tests and measurements of stress-related brain activity. Over a median follow-up of 10 years, 12.9% of participants developed cardiovascular disease. Participants who met physical activity recommendations had a 23% lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with those not meeting these recommendations. Individuals with higher levels of physical activity also tended to have lower stress-related brain activity. Significantly, reductions in stress-related brain activity were driven by gains in function in the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质), a part of the brain involved in executive (执行的) function (i.e. decision making and impulse control). It is known to control stress centers of the brain. As an extension of this finding, the researchers found in a group of 50,359 participants that the cardiovascular benefit of exercise was substantially greater among participants who would be expected to have higher stress-related brain activity, such as those with pre-existing depression. Analyses accounted for other lifestyle variables and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Moreover, reductions in stress-related brain signals partially accounted for physical activity’s cardiovascular benefit. “Physical activity was roughly twice as effective in lowering cardiovascular disease risk among those with depression. Effects on the brain’s stress-related activity may explain this novel observation,” said Tawakol, who is the senior author of the study. 32. Why did the research group analyze medical data of the participants? A. To assess the impact of cardiovascular disease. B. To find out how exercise lowers cardiovascular risk. C. To decide the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. D. To test how much physical activity the participants needed. 33. How may physical activity lower cardiovascular disease risk? A. By promoting function of the brain. B. By controlling stress centers of the brain. C. By decreasing stress-related brain activity. D. By reducing executive function of the brain. 34. What advice may Tawakol give? A. To work out regularly. B. To eat healthily. C. To be in a good mood. D. To avoid cardiovascular disease. 35. In which section may the text appear in a newspaper? A. Mind and learning. B. Matter and energy. C. Science and society. D. Health and medicine. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是新的研究发现体育锻炼可以通过减少大脑中与压力相关的信号来降低心血管疾病的风险。研究特别指出，患有压力相关疾病（如抑郁症）的人从体育锻炼中对心血管的益处最大。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To assess the mechanisms (机制) underlying the psychological and cardiovascular disease benefits of physical activity, Ahmed Tawakol, MD, an investigator and cardiologist in the Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center at MGH, and his colleagues analyzed medical records and other information of 50,359 participants from the Mass General Brigham Biobank who completed a physical activity survey. (为了评估体育锻炼对心理和心血管疾病益处的潜在机制，MGH心血管成像研究中心的研究员和心脏病专家Ahmed Tawakol医学博士和他的同事分析了Mass General Brigham Biobank完成体育锻炼调查的50,359名参与者的医疗记录和其他信息。)”可知，研究小组要分析参与者的医疗数据是为了找出运动是如何降低心血管风险的。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“New research indicates that physical activity lowers cardiovascular (心血管的) disease risk in part by reducing stress-related signals in the brain. (新的研究表明，体育锻炼可以通过减少大脑中与压力相关的信号来降低心血管疾病的风险。)”可知，体育活动通过减少与压力相关的大脑活动来降低心血管疾病的风险，故选C。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Physical activity was roughly twice as effective in lowering cardiovascular disease risk among those with depression. (在抑郁症患者中，体育锻炼在降低心血管疾病风险方面的效果大约是前者的两倍。)”可知，Tawakol的建议是有规律地锻炼。故选A。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“New research indicates that physical activity lowers cardiovascular (心血管的) disease risk in part by reducing stress-related signals in the brain.(新的研究表明，体育锻炼可以通过减少大脑中与压力相关的信号来降低心血管疾病的风险。)”可知，本文主要讲的是新的研究发现体育锻炼可以通过减少大脑中与压力相关的信号来降低心血管疾病的风险，是和健康有关的内容，因此可能出现在报纸的健康和医药部分，故选D。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In daily life, when you learn to live joyfully, you may create better outcomes in life. ____36____. Instead, it means cultivating (建立) a mindset that prefers an optimistic view of the world. Also it means developing healthy ways to cope with difficult emotions. Here are some reasons why joy is a powerful life choice. ____37____. You have probably heard the phrase “misery (痛苦) loves company”. Well, the same goes for joy. When you surround yourself with positive people, you experience more happiness in your own life. A study found that happiness spreads in social groups. Joyful people are more productive. ____38____. Research found that people who work with a positive mindset may improve work performance on nearly every level including productivity, creativity, and commitment. When you approach each task and your co-workers with a joyful mindset, you may just increase your chances of success. Joy strengthens relationships. If you want to improve the relationships in your life, become a happier person. When you have a positive outlook, you tend to approach the people from a place of gratitude and love. This helps others feel more valued. ____39____. Joy boosts creativity. Some artists feel that misery may inspire art, yet this is not the recipe for creativity. If you really want to spark your creative side, you should spark joy! ____40____. And people are most creative when they are in a good mood. This is because they tend to see the bigger picture, which, in turn, inspires greater creativity and imagination. A. Joy creates more joy B. Joy results from misery C. Happy people are open to all sorts of ideas D. You can also appreciate the strengths in those people E. Living a joyful life does not mean denying painful emotions F. Making joy a priority can pay off when it comes to your career G. Developing happiness through daily habits can rebuild relationships 【答案】36. E 37. A 38. F 39. D 40. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么快乐是一个有力量的生活选择的原因。 【36题详解】 根据前文“In daily life, when you learn to live joyfully, you may create better outcomes in life.(在日常生活中，当你学会快乐地生活时，你可能会创造更好的生活结果。)”和后文“Instead, it means cultivating (建立) a mindset that prefers an optimistic view of the world. Also it means developing healthy ways to cope with difficult emotions.(相反，它意味着培养一种倾向于乐观看待世界的心态。这也意味着发展健康的方式来应对困难的情绪。)”可知，此处是指快乐生活并不意味着不能有消极情绪，而是用积极健康的心态来应对困难情绪，所以选项E“过快乐的生活并不意味着否认痛苦的情绪”切合文意。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据后文“When you surround yourself with positive people, you experience more happiness in your own life. A study found that happiness spreads in social groups.(当你和积极的人在一起时，你会在自己的生活中体验到更多的幸福。一项研究发现，幸福在社会群体中传播。)”可知，此处是指快乐会传播，所以选项A“快乐创造更多快乐”切合文意。故选A。 【38题详解】 根据后文“Research found that people who work with a positive mindset may improve work performance on nearly every level including productivity, creativity, and commitment.(研究发现，以积极心态工作的人几乎可以在各个层面上提高工作表现，包括生产力、创造力和承诺。)”可知，此处是指保持积极心态有助于工作，所以选项F“当涉及到你的职业生涯时，把快乐放在首位会得到回报”切合文意。故选F。 【39题详解】 根据前文“If you want to improve the relationships in your life, become a happier person. When you have a positive outlook, you tend to approach the people from a place of gratitude and love. This helps others feel more valued.(如果你想改善生活中的人际关系，那就做一个更快乐的人。当你有一个积极的态度，你倾向于从感激和爱的角度接近人们。这会让别人觉得自己更有价值。)”可知，此处是指积极的态度对人际关系的影响，会让你倾向于从感激和爱的角度接近人们，所以选项D“你也可以欣赏这些人的优点”进一步讲述其影响。故选D。 【40题详解】 根据前文“If you really want to spark your creative side, you should spark joy!(如果你真的想激发你的创造力，你应该激发快乐！)”和后文“And people are most creative when they are in a good mood. This is because they tend to see the bigger picture, which, in turn, inspires greater creativity and imagination.(人们在心情好的时候最有创造力。这是因为他们倾向于看到更大的图景，这反过来又激发了更大的创造力和想象力。)”可知，此处是讲快乐对激发创造力的好处，所以选项C“快乐的人能接受各种各样的想法”切合文意。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mr Bob, a 94-year-old man, was kind and friendly. One day, he heard his young neighbor, Lucy, was ___41___. Feeling worried, he decided to send a pot of chicken noodle soup to her. ____42____ a full pot of homemade soup in a button-up shirt and a pair of heat-protective gloves, he also looked handsome. When he rang the doorbell, he was wearing a big smile, clearly ____43____ to gift his neighbor with a ____44____. “I want to see how you’re doing,” Mr Bob said, ____45____ the pot to Lucy. Taking the pot of ____46____ chicken noodle soup from Mr Bob, Lucy was moved to tears. “Eat that while it’s hot,” Mr Bob said while ____47____. “Thanks, Mr Bob. I really ____48____ it,” Lucy responded and then said goodbye to him. Lucy just graduated from college and rented a house here by herself. Despite lack of her family’s ____49____, she would get Mr Bob’s _____50_____ whenever she was in trouble. Later, Lucy took a picture of the pot of chicken noodle soup and _____51_____ it online, below which she added some words: Mr Bob always _____52_____ me like my family. Soon, Mr Bob’s _____53_____ action went viral. People gave Lucy their own _____54_____ of “Mr Bobs” in the comment section. One person wrote, “My ‘Mr Bob’ often helps look after my elderly mother.” Another wrote, “My ‘Mr Bob’ often shares his vegetables with us.” Lucy reacted _____55_____ and wrote, “What a wonderful human being! Let’s have more ‘Mr Bobs’ in our community.” 41. A. sick B. guilty C. annoyed D. disabled 42. A. Carrying B. Booking C. Enjoying D. Making 43. A. ashamed B. excited C. humble D. greedy 44 A. shirt B. meal C. pot D. button 45. A. lending B. distributing C. handing D. returning 46. A. bitter B. purchased C. steaming D. freezing 47. A. sitting B. bending C. awaiting D. leaving 48. A. make B. admire C. get D. appreciate 49. A. debt B. company C. guidance D. assignment 50. A. assistance B. attention C. school D. studio 51. A. searched B. posted C. acquired D. checked 52. A. counts on B. relies on C. attends to D. turns to 53. A. honest B. brave C. tolerant D. considerate 54. A. versions B. choices C. breakthroughs D. commitments 55. A. loudly B. modestly C. sympathetically D. accordingly 【答案】41. A 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述94岁的Bob先生善良又热心，在邻居Lucy遇到困难时总是提供帮助，Lucy将Bob先生的体贴举动发布在网上之后大家纷纷讲述了自己版本的 “Bob先生”。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，他听说他年轻的邻居露西病了。A. sick生病的；B. guilty羞愧的；C. annoyed生气的；D. disabled残疾的。根据下文“Feeling worried, he decided to send a pot of chicken noodle soup to her.”她的邻居感到担忧的，所以此处指的是露西生病了。故选A。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他穿着系扣衬衫，戴着一副防热手套，端着满满一锅自制汤，看起来也很帅。A. Carrying携带；B. Booking预订；C. Enjoying喜欢，享受；D. Making制作。上文“Feeling worried, he decided to send a pot of chicken noodle soup to her.”提到Bob先生决定给Lucy送鸡汤，故此处指端着满满一锅自制汤。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他按门铃时，脸上带着灿烂的笑容，显然很高兴能送给邻一顿饭。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. excited兴奋的；C. humble谦卑的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据上文“When he rang the doorbell, he was wearing a big smile.”他面带着微笑，可知，Bob先生很高兴能给邻居送顿饭。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他按门铃时，脸上带着灿烂的笑容，显然很高兴能送给邻一顿饭。A. shirt衬衫；B. meal一顿饭；C. pot锅；D. button按钮。根据上文“a full pot of homemade soup”可知，Bob先生送了一锅鸡汤。故选B。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想看看你怎么样了，”鲍勃先生说着，把锅递给露西。A. lending借出；B. distributing分配；C. handing递；D. returning归还。根据下文“Taking the pot of ____6____ chicken noodle soup from Mr Bob, Lucy was moved to tears.”Lucy接过鸡汤面，故此处指Bob递给Lucy。故选C。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从鲍勃先生手里接过一锅热气腾腾的鸡汤面，露西感动得流下了眼泪。A. bitter苦的；B. purchased买过的；C. steaming热气腾腾的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“ ‘Eat that while it’s hot,’ ”可知，鸡汤是热的，所以这里指的是热气腾腾的鸡汤。故选C。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“趁热吃吧，”鲍勃先生边等边说。A. sitting坐；B. bending弯腰；C. awaiting等待；D. leaving离开。根据下文“Lucy responded and then said goodbye to him.”可知，此处指Bob先生离开。故选D。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢你，鲍勃先生。我真的很感激。”露西回答，然后跟他说了再见。A. make制作；B. admire欣赏；C. get得到；D. appreciate感激。根据上文“Thanks, Mr Bob.”可知，Lucy很感激Bob先生。故选D。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管她没有家族的陪伴，但每当她遇到困难时，总会得到鲍勃先生的帮助。A. debt债务；B. company陪伴；C. guidance指导；D. assignment工作，任务。根据上文“Lucy just graduated from college and rented a house here by herself. Lucy.”刚大学毕业，自己在这里租了一所房子，可知，Lucy没有家人的陪伴。故选B。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管她没有家族的陪伴，但每当她遇到困难时，总会得到鲍勃先生的帮助。A. assistance帮助；B. attention注意力；C. school学校；D. studio演播室。根据上文Bob先生在Lucy生病时送鸡汤以及“whenever she was in trouble”可知，每当Lucy遇到困难时，总会得到Bob先生的帮助。故选A。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，露西拍了一锅鸡汤的照片，并把它传到网上，在下面她加了几句话：鲍勃先生总是像我的家人一样照顾我。A. searched搜索；B. posted发布；C. acquired获得；D. checked检查。根据“online”以及下文“Soon, Mr Bob’s ___13____ action went viral.”可知，此处指发布在网上。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，露西拍了一锅鸡汤的照片，并把它传到网上，在下面她加了几句话:鲍勃先生总是像我的家人一样照顾我。A. counts on指望；B. relies on依靠；C. attends to照顾；D. turns to求助于。结合上文送鸡汤以及空后“like my family”可知，此处指“像家人一样照顾我”。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，Bob先生体贴的举动迅速传播开来。A. honest诚实的；B. brave勇敢的；C. tolerant宽容的；D. considerate体贴的。根据上文Bob在Lucy生病时送鸡汤的举动以及“Mr Bob always ___12___ me like my family.”可知，Bob先生很体贴。故选D。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们在评论区给了露西他们自己版本的“鲍勃先生”。A. versions版本；B. choices选择；C. breakthroughs突破；D. commitments承诺。根据下文“One person wrote, ‘My ‘Mr Bob’ often helps look after my elderly mother.’ Another wrote, “My ‘Mr Bob’ often shares his vegetables with us.’ (有人写道：“我的‘Bob先生’经常帮助照顾我年迈的母亲。”另一位写道：“我的‘Bob先生’经常和我们分享他的蔬菜。”)“可知，每个人都有自己版本的“Bob先生”。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：露西的反应是：“多么了不起的人啊!让我们的社区里出现更多的‘鲍勃先生’吧。”A loudly大声地；B. modestly谦虚地；C. sympathetically同情地；D. accordingly相应地。根据下文“What a wonderful human being! Let’s have more ‘Mr Bobs’ in our community.(多么了不起的人啊！让我们的社区里有更多的‘Bob先生’)”可知，Lucy读完大家的评论后相应地作出反应，写下自己的评论。故选D。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The National Theater of China will stage a performance of Sudi Chunxiao (Dawn on the Su Causeway in Spring) in Beijing, telling the story of Su Dongpo, ____56____ poet in the Song Dynasty, whose work is still celebrated today. The play is named after one of the 10 most famous scenic spots on Hangzhou’s West Lake in Zhejiang Province. The location is known for ____57____ (it) beautiful natural spring scenes, when the causeway is flanked by blossoming peach trees and weeping willows. Also ____58____ (know) as Su Shi, Su Dongpo was born in Meishan in Sichuan Province. At a young age, he performed ____59____ (brilliant) in the imperial examinations and began a long and distinguished career ____60____ an official in various governmental positions, ____61____ he experienced a series of political ____62____ (difficult), including appointments to minor posts in distant locations. Despite these hardships, Su remained optimistic in his private and political life, which can also be seen in his poems reflecting his own experiences. The play is directed by the head of the National Theater of China, and ____63____ (star) experienced actors. It highlights the traditional Chinese paintings of the Song Dynasty and also uses Su’s poems ____64____ (illustrate) his spirit and lasting influence. The production _____65_____ (perform) for the first time in Hangzhou in November, 2023 as part of the 18th China Theater Festival, and was warmly welcomed by the audience. 【答案】56 a 57. its 58. known 59. brilliantly 60. as 61. where 62. difficulties 63. stars 64. to illustrate 65. was performed 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国国家话剧院将在北京上演《苏东坡》这部戏剧的消息，并简要介绍了该剧的背景、内容、演出团队以及首次演出的反响。 【56题详解】 考查冠词。句意：中国国家剧院将在北京上演《苏堤春晓》，该剧讲述了北宋诗人苏东坡的故事，他的作品至今仍广受赞誉。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰。故填a。 【57题详解】 考查代词。句意：这个地方以美丽的自然春景而闻名，当时堤道两侧是盛开的桃树和垂柳。空处为形容词性物主代词，修饰空后的名词。故填its。 【58题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：苏东坡，又名苏轼，出生于四川省眉山市。非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Su Dongpo”和动词“know”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填known。 【59题详解】 考查副词。句意：年轻时，他在科举考试中表现出色，从此开始了漫长而杰出的仕途生涯，在政府各部门担任官职，期间他经历了一系列政治困难，包括被任命为偏远地区的低级官职。修饰动词用副词形式，意为“出色地、优异地”。故填brilliantly。 【60题详解】 考查介词。句意：年轻时，他在科举考试中表现出色，从此开始了漫长而杰出的仕途生涯，在政府各部门担任官职，期间他经历了一系列政治困难，包括被任命为偏远地区的低级官职。这里为介词的用法，意为“作为、担任”，用介词“as”。故填as。 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：年轻时，他在科举考试中表现出色，从此开始了漫长而杰出的仕途生涯，在政府各部门担任官职，期间他经历了一系列政治困难，包括被任命为偏远地区的低级官职。这里为定语从句的引导词，先行词为“positions”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中担当状语，意为“在这些官职中”，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【62题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：年轻时，他在科举考试中表现出色，从此开始了漫长而杰出的仕途生涯，在政府各部门担任官职，期间他经历了一系列政治困难，包括被任命为偏远地区的低级官职。根据空前的“a series of”可知，空处为名词“difficulty”的复数形式，意为“困难的事情”。故填difficulties。 【63题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该剧由中国国家话剧院院长执导，由经验丰富的演员主演。这里为并列谓语，根据谓语“is directed”可知，空处为一般现在时；主语为“the play”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填stars。 【64题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该剧突出了北宋的传统中国画，并运用了苏轼的诗歌来展现他的精神和持久的影响力。非谓语动词担当目的状语，意为“为了……”，用动词不定式形式。故填to illustrate。 【65题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：该剧于2023年11月作为第18届中国戏剧节的一部分在杭州首次上演，并受到了观众的热烈欢迎。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“November, 2023”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the production”，单数，和动词“perform”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was performed。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 66. 假定你是学生会主席李华，学校将举办主题为“My Love for Poetry”的英语诗歌演讲比赛，请你写一则通知，内容包括： 1.比赛时间和地点; 2.演讲内容和时长。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Notice ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Student Union 【答案】范文 Notice We are thrilled to announce an upcoming English poetry speaking competition whose theme is My Love for Poetry. This event will provide a platform for all poetry enthusiasts to express their passion and admiration for the art of poetry. The competition is scheduled to take place at 3 pm on June 10th in the school auditorium. Participants are encouraged to prepare a speech that reflects their love for poetry. The speech should be original and must not exceed 3 minutes in length. We look forward to your active participation and hope to see you all there to share the beauty of poetry. The Student Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校将举办主题为“My Love for Poetry”的英语诗歌演讲比赛，要求考生写一则通知。 【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：express→extend 比赛：competition→contest 激动：thrilled→excited 演讲：speech→lecture 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This event will provide a platform for all poetry enthusiasts to express their passion and admiration for the art of poetry. 拓展句：This event will provide a platform for all poetry enthusiasts, where they can express their passion and admiration for the art of poetry. 【点睛】[高分句型1] This event will provide a platform for all poetry enthusiasts to express their passion and admiration for the art of poetry. (运用了不定式作后置定语) [高分句型2] Participants are encouraged to prepare a speech that reflects their love for poetry. (运用了that引导定语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 This is a story about an act of kindness that I did, which in turn changed my life in a way. I used to teach in a university with a master’s degree. In my country, it was better to have a PhD for career advancement, and my qualifications needed to be improved. So I telephoned Professor Smith for help. I had heard that he was a good doctoral supervisor in the university, but I hadn’t met him. I tried to call him once, but to my disappointment, he said he was a little busy at that time and that he would contact me later. One day, I was driving home from the university when I saw an accident at the side of the road. The two cars collided (碰撞), but fortunately the drivers were not injured. They argued with each other about the accident and became annoyed. Then I stopped my car to see if they might need my help. “Calm down, gentlemen. What’s the matter?” I approached them and said. “It’s just a minor scratch (划痕). There were some disagreements when we tried to work things out privately. I think he is asking for a little too much,” one driver said to me. I learned that he didn’t have enough money on hand to pay for the damage. Understanding the situation, I offered to help. I paid the amount needed to settle the matter. A troublesome matter turned into a peaceful resolution with my involvement. When the driver offered to exchange our business cards, I agreed. “It was so kind of you to reach out. I’ll repay your money tomorrow,” he said. “Forget it. It’s just a small thing,” I responded. Finally, we said goodbye to each other. However, I didn’t expect my kind behavior would really bring me good luck. When I went back home, I happened to see the driver’s business card. I was surprised to find that the driver I had helped was Professor Smith who I wanted to turn to for help. I confidently decided to call him again the next day to make an appointment. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Unexpectedly, early the next morning, my phone rang. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That afternoon, I met Professor Smith in his office. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Unexpectedly, early the next morning, my phone rang. It was Professor Smith’s voice. “Good morning, I just found out it was you that one called me for help. I believe we met yesterday in a rather unusual circumstance,” he began to say. I was astonished. He continued, “I’m calling to thank you for your assistance and to see if you’re free to discuss your doctoral aspirations this afternoon.” His voice was filled with sincerity, and I could hardly contain my excitement. “Of course, Professor Smith,” I responded, feeling a surge of hope. That afternoon, I met Professor Smith in his office. He insisted on giving me my money back, although I refused several times. Then he discussed with me about my academic goals and invited me to join his doctoral program. His unexpected call paved the way for a new chapter in my academic journey. As we communicated, I realized that sometimes, the most significant opportunities could arise from the simplest acts of kindness. It was a lesson that I would carry with me throughout my career. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在不经意间帮助了遇到交通事故的司机。后来发现这位司机正是他要提升学历需要得到他的指导的博士生导师。作者感悟到最重要的机会可能来自最简单的善举。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“没想到，第二天一早，我的电话响了。”可知，第一段可描写作者接到了史密斯教授的电话，教授了解到作者的博士理想。 ②由第二段首句内容“那天下午，我在史密斯教授的办公室见到了他。”可知，第二段可描写作者和史密斯教授见面的情况，教授坚持还给作者所付的钱并邀请作者加入他的博士团队。 2.续写线索：教授回电话——教授了解作者的博士理想——见到教授——受邀加入博士团队——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①发现：find out / spot /discover ②充满了：was filled with / was full of ③回答：responded /replied 情绪类 ①惊讶的：astonished /surprised ②几乎无法抑制我的兴奋：could hardly contain my excitement / could hardly suppress my excitement 【点睛】【高分句型1】Good morning, I just found out it was you that one called me for help. (使用了省略that引导的宾语从句，从句使用强调句型) 【高分句型2】I’m calling to thank you for your assistance and to see if you’re free to discuss your doctoral aspirations this afternoon. (使用了if引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2023—2024学年度安康市高二年级期末质量联考 英语 注意事项： 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why does the man like his new room? A. It is near his friends’ flats. B. It is close to the school. C. It is large enough. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How much will the man pay for two student tickets? A. $10. B. $20. C. $30. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What do we learn about Jack? A. He worked very well. B. He spoke to the boss. C. He gave orders like a boss. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why did the man fail to answer the phone? A. He lost it. B. He didn’t hear it. C. His phone ran out of power. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What will the weather probably be like tomorrow? A. Snowy. B. Rainy. C. Warm. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The man’s children. B. Their team members. C. A famous athlete. 7. What team is Patricia on? A. The swim team. B. The basketball team. C. The volleyball team. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Father and daughter. B. Husband and wife. C. Brother and sister. 9. What will the speakers do tomorrow? A. Tidy up the garage. B. Clean up the backyard. C. Go to the supermarket. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 10. When did the conversation happen? A. In the evening. B. In the morning. C. At noon. 11. Why did the woman call the man? A. To ask for someone. B. To apply for a post. C. To reserve a table for dinner. 12. Where does the woman want to sit? A By the window. B. In the front. C. Near the back. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 13. Why does the woman travel alone? A. She wants some time for herself. B. She is on business. C. Her family don’t like traveling. 14. What does the woman think of the hotel’s service? A. It is common. B. It is bad. C. It is great. 15. What is the man’s favorite part of the hotel? A. The service. B. The breakfast. C. The facilities. 16. What does the woman say about the hotel? A. The prices are reasonable. B. It doesn’t seem like a nice hotel. C. The service doesn’t have anything special. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 17. What is the man talking about? A. His wife’s hobbies. B. His after-work activities. C. His success as an expert climber. 18. What is the man going to do next year? A. To climb the Alps with his wife. B. To enter for the London Marathon. C. To complete a course of climbing. 19. How long does the man run every day? A. About 3 miles. B. About 42 kilometers. C. About 1,000 meters. 20. Where did the man do easy climb a few years ago? A. In London. B. In America. C. In the Alps. 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Here are some of European cities for football lovers. Munich Germany’s most successful team regularly sells out the ultramodern 75,000-capacity Allianz Arena. The stadium is a real spectacle. If you can’t get there for a match, the behind-the-scenes tour is a good alternative. Tours include access to the FC Bayern Museum, where countless trophies are on display. Stadium tour: £9.5 for children, £22 for adults. Barcelona Although Camp Nou stadium is being rebuilt the museum remains open in another part of the Camp Nou complex. Ticket upgrades include a “Robokeeper” option for kids who want to practice their football skills in the stadium. Barcelona is a fun city to explore with kids, with beaches, ice-cream shops, the family-friendly CosmoCaixa science museum. Museum entry: £18 for children, £24 for adults. London The 62,850-capacity Tottenham Hotspur Stadium was opened in 2019. On non-match days, the stadium tour is an eye-opener — kids can sit in the same dressing room seats as their heroes, but just as appealing for families is the Dare Skywalk, an ascent up the stadium exterior (suitable for ages eight and above). Stadium tour: £16 for children, £27 for adults. Dare Skywalk: £31 for children, £39 for adults. Liverpool Anfield Stadium is one of the best-known football stadiums on the planet. Young fans will find plenty to enjoy on the stadium tour, with photo opportunities, dressing room access and great views across the city. The Anfield Abseil is new this year, a chance to abseil down the side of the stadium (suitable for ages 10 and above). Stadium tours: £14 for children, £23 for adults. Anfield Abseil: £38 for children, £45 for adults. 21. Which stadium is impossible for children to tour at present? A. Allianz Arena. B. Camp Nou. C. Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. D. Anfield Stadium. 22. How much will a father with a kid pay for the tour to Anfield Stadium? A. £37. B. £59. C. £61. D. £83. 23. What is the purpose of the text? A. To point out the importance of having a break. B. To encourage people to watch football matches. C. To present several cities full of football atmosphere. D. To introduce the functions of some famous stadiums. B Louis Pasteur was a great scientist who not only made significant achievements in the field of microbiology but also invented a food preservation method that is still widely used today—the process of pasteurization (巴氏杀菌法). In the mid-19th century, Pasteur noticed that wine and beer often turned sour during production, causing substantial economic losses for the brewing industry (酿酒行业). At that time, brewers did not understand the specific reasons why alcoholic drinks would turn sour. Pasteur began conducting a series of experiments to determine the cause of the souring of alcoholic drinks. He discovered that the souring was due to microorganisms in the air entering the drinks. These microorganisms would multiply in the drinks, causing them to go bad. To prove that microorganisms were not generated on their own but came from preexisting microorganisms, Pasteur designed a famous experiment known as the swan neck flask (鹅颈瓶) experiment. He attached a curved glass tube to a bottle containing soup. The soup was exposed to air, but microorganisms in the air could not directly enter the soup. This experiment demonstrated that soup without microorganisms would not go bad. Based on these findings, Pasteur began searching for a method to kill the microorganisms in wine while preserving its quality. He discovered that by heating the wine to a certain temperature and maintaining it for a period, he could kill the microorganisms without destroying the flavor of wine. This method later became known as pasteurization. Pasteurization was quickly adopted by the brewing industry and rapidly spread to other food and beverage industries. This method not only extended the shelf life of foods but also improved food safety. The invention of pasteurization had a profound impact on the food industry. Even today, pasteurization is widely used in the production of milk, juice, and other foods, helping to reduce the risk of food-related illnesses. 24. What does the author want to state in paragraph 2? A. The topic of the text. B. The process of pasteurization. C. Pasteur’s scientific contribution. D. Pasteur’s inspiration for inventing pasteurization. 25. Why did Pasteur do the swan neck flask experiment? A. To show that soup exposed to air will always go bad. B. To demonstrate that microorganisms can generate themselves. C. To prove that microorganisms come from pre-existing ones. D. To indicate that soup can keep long without any air exposure. 26. What did Pasteur’s method achieve for the brewing industry? A. The extended shelf life. B. Improved wine flavors. C The faster production time. D. Changed beverage colors. 27. Which can be the best title for the text? A. The Role of Temperature in Food Safety B. The Invention and Impact of Pasteurization C. The Economic History of Brewing in the 19th Century D. The Discovery of Microorganisms and Pasteur’s Experiments C In Mediterranean waters, off the coast of France, a diver recently visited the shipwreck La Lune, which lay untouched and unexplored on the ocean bottom since it sank in 1664. But the wreck’s first visitor in centuries wasn’t human. It was a robot. Called OceanOne, the bright orange diving robot measures about 1.5 meters in length and has a torso (躯干), a head with stereoscopic vision (立体视觉) and arms. Its lower section holds its computer “brain”, a power supply, and an array of eight multidirectional thrusters (推进器). Guided by a computer scientist from a boat, OceanOne combined artificial intelligence, sensory feedback and flexible mechanical construction to perform delicate tasks underwater, such as retrieving a delicate cultural relic from the ruins. It can place the cultural relic in a box so the thing can be brought to the surface. OceanOne can not only investigate parts of the ocean that are less accessible to people, but can do so with the flexibility of a human diver. The engineers also created an interface (接口) that allows a person to not only control the robot, but to actually “feel” what the robot is touching. “The intention here is to have a human diving virtually,” said Oussama Khatib, who piloted OceanOne on its La Lune visit. Khatib, a professor of computer science at Stanford University in California, explained that the experience of guiding the robot is almost like being the diver. “You can feel exactly what the robot is doing,” said Khatib. OceanOne is also capable of interpreting and responding to its environment autonomously, detecting whether its hands-on work requires a lighter touch and when it needs to make adjustments to stay in place or change direction. The team behind OceanOne viewed the robot as a means for studying Red Sea’s coral reefs at depths that were inaccessible to a human diver. OceanOne would conduct underwater research—operated by a scientist on the surface—without damaging the reef or its inhabitants. 28. What do we know about OceanOne? A. It has replaced a diver’s job. B. It functions as a human. C. It is a fish living in the ocean. D. It can conduct demanding tasks. 29. What does the underlined word “retrieving” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Carving. B. Recovering. C. Guiding. D. Crashing. 30. What is the engineers’ purpose of creating an interface? A. To make a diver operate it conveniently. B. To connect the robot to other computers. C. To satisfy an operator’s virtual experience. D. To learn well how the robot performs tasks. 31. Which word can best describe OceanOne? A. Tiny. B. Traditional. C. Human-like. D. Multifunctional. D New research indicates that physical activity lowers cardiovascular (心血管的) disease risk in part by reducing stress-related signals in the brain. In the study, which was led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), people with stress-related conditions such as depression experienced the most cardiovascular benefits from physical activity. To assess the mechanisms (机制) underlying the psychological and cardiovascular disease benefits of physical activity, Ahmed Tawakol, MD, an investigator and cardiologist in the Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center at MGH, and his colleagues analyzed medical records and other information of 50,359 participants from the Mass General Brigham Biobank who completed a physical activity survey. A subset of 774 participants also underwent brain imaging tests and measurements of stress-related brain activity. Over a median follow-up of 10 years, 12.9% of participants developed cardiovascular disease. Participants who met physical activity recommendations had a 23% lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with those not meeting these recommendations. Individuals with higher levels of physical activity also tended to have lower stress-related brain activity. Significantly, reductions in stress-related brain activity were driven by gains in function in the prefrontal cortex (前额叶皮质), a part of the brain involved in executive (执行的) function (i.e. decision making and impulse control). It is known to control stress centers of the brain. As an extension of this finding, the researchers found in a group of 50,359 participants that the cardiovascular benefit of exercise was substantially greater among participants who would be expected to have higher stress-related brain activity, such as those with pre-existing depression. Analyses accounted for other lifestyle variables and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Moreover, reductions in stress-related brain signals partially accounted for physical activity’s cardiovascular benefit. “Physical activity was roughly twice as effective in lowering cardiovascular disease risk among those with depression. Effects on the brain’s stress-related activity may explain this novel observation,” said Tawakol, who is the senior author of the study. 32. Why did the research group analyze medical data of the participants? A. To assess the impact of cardiovascular disease. B. To find out how exercise lowers cardiovascular risk. C. To decide the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. D. To test how much physical activity the participants needed. 33. How may physical activity lower cardiovascular disease risk? A. By promoting function of the brain. B. By controlling stress centers of the brain. C. By decreasing stress-related brain activity. D. By reducing executive function of the brain. 34. What advice may Tawakol give? A. To work out regularly. B. To eat healthily. C. To be in a good mood. D. To avoid cardiovascular disease. 35. In which section may the text appear in a newspaper? A. Mind and learning. B. Matter and energy. C. Science and society. D. Health and medicine. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In daily life, when you learn to live joyfully, you may create better outcomes in life. ____36____. Instead, it means cultivating (建立) a mindset that prefers an optimistic view of the world. Also it means developing healthy ways to cope with difficult emotions. Here are some reasons why joy is a powerful life choice. ____37____. You have probably heard the phrase “misery (痛苦) loves company”. Well, the same goes for joy. When you surround yourself with positive people, you experience more happiness in your own life. A study found that happiness spreads in social groups. Joyful people are more productive. ____38____. Research found that people who work with a positive mindset may improve work performance on nearly every level including productivity, creativity, and commitment. When you approach each task and your co-workers with a joyful mindset, you may just increase your chances of success. Joy strengthens relationships. If you want to improve the relationships in your life, become a happier person. When you have a positive outlook, you tend to approach the people from a place of gratitude and love. This helps others feel more valued. ____39____. Joy boosts creativity. Some artists feel that misery may inspire art, yet this is not the recipe for creativity. If you really want to spark your creative side, you should spark joy! ____40____. And people are most creative when they are in a good mood. This is because they tend to see the bigger picture, which, in turn, inspires greater creativity and imagination. A. Joy creates more joy B. Joy results from misery C. Happy people are open to all sorts of ideas D. You can also appreciate the strengths in those people E. Living a joyful life does not mean denying painful emotions F. Making joy a priority can pay off when it comes to your career G. Developing happiness through daily habits can rebuild relationships 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Mr Bob, a 94-year-old man, was kind and friendly. One day, he heard his young neighbor, Lucy, was ___41___. Feeling worried, he decided to send a pot of chicken noodle soup to her. ____42____ a full pot of homemade soup in a button-up shirt and a pair of heat-protective gloves, he also looked handsome. When he rang the doorbell, he was wearing a big smile, clearly ____43____ to gift his neighbor with a ____44____. “I want to see how you’re doing,” Mr Bob said, ____45____ the pot to Lucy. Taking the pot of ____46____ chicken noodle soup from Mr Bob, Lucy was moved to tears. “Eat that while it’s hot,” Mr Bob said while ____47____. “Thanks, Mr Bob. I really ____48____ it,” Lucy responded and then said goodbye to him. Lucy just graduated from college and rented a house here by herself. Despite lack of her family’s ____49____, she would get Mr Bob’s _____50_____ whenever she was in trouble. Later, Lucy took a picture of the pot of chicken noodle soup and _____51_____ it online, below which she added some words: Mr Bob always _____52_____ me like my family. Soon, Mr Bob’s _____53_____ action went viral. People gave Lucy their own _____54_____ of “Mr Bobs” in the comment section. One person wrote, “My ‘Mr Bob’ often helps look after my elderly mother.” Another wrote, “My ‘Mr Bob’ often shares his vegetables with us.” Lucy reacted _____55_____ and wrote, “What a wonderful human being! Let’s have more ‘Mr Bobs’ in our community.” 41. A. sick B. guilty C. annoyed D. disabled 42. A. Carrying B. Booking C. Enjoying D. Making 43. A. ashamed B. excited C. humble D. greedy 44. A. shirt B. meal C. pot D. button 45. A. lending B. distributing C. handing D. returning 46. A. bitter B. purchased C. steaming D. freezing 47. A. sitting B. bending C. awaiting D. leaving 48. A. make B. admire C. get D. appreciate 49. A. debt B. company C. guidance D. assignment 50. A. assistance B. attention C. school D. studio 51 A. searched B. posted C. acquired D. checked 52. A. counts on B. relies on C. attends to D. turns to 53. A. honest B. brave C. tolerant D. considerate 54. A. versions B. choices C. breakthroughs D. commitments 55. A. loudly B. modestly C. sympathetically D. accordingly 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The National Theater of China will stage a performance of Sudi Chunxiao (Dawn on the Su Causeway in Spring) in Beijing, telling the story of Su Dongpo, ____56____ poet in the Song Dynasty, whose work is still celebrated today. The play is named after one of the 10 most famous scenic spots on Hangzhou’s West Lake in Zhejiang Province. The location is known for ____57____ (it) beautiful natural spring scenes, when the causeway is flanked by blossoming peach trees and weeping willows. Also ____58____ (know) as Su Shi, Su Dongpo was born in Meishan in Sichuan Province. At a young age, he performed ____59____ (brilliant) in the imperial examinations and began a long and distinguished career ____60____ an official in various governmental positions, ____61____ he experienced a series of political ____62____ (difficult), including appointments to minor posts in distant locations. Despite these hardships, Su remained optimistic in his private and political life, which can also be seen in his poems reflecting his own experiences. The play is directed by the head of the National Theater of China, and ____63____ (star) experienced actors. It highlights the traditional Chinese paintings of the Song Dynasty and also uses Su’s poems ____64____ (illustrate) his spirit and lasting influence. The production _____65_____ (perform) for the first time in Hangzhou in November, 2023 as part of the 18th China Theater Festival, and was warmly welcomed by the audience. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 66. 假定你是学生会主席李华，学校将举办主题为“My Love for Poetry”的英语诗歌演讲比赛，请你写一则通知，内容包括： 1.比赛时间和地点; 2.演讲内容和时长。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Notice ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Student Union 第二节(满分25分) 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 This is a story about an act of kindness that I did, which in turn changed my life in a way. I used to teach in a university with a master’s degree. In my country, it was better to have a PhD for career advancement, and my qualifications needed to be improved. So I telephoned Professor Smith for help. I had heard that he was a good doctoral supervisor in the university, but I hadn’t met him. I tried to call him once, but to my disappointment, he said he was a little busy at that time and that he would contact me later. One day, I was driving home from the university when I saw an accident at the side of the road. The two cars collided (碰撞), but fortunately the drivers were not injured. They argued with each other about the accident and became annoyed. Then I stopped my car to see if they might need my help. “Calm down, gentlemen. What’s the matter?” I approached them and said. “It’s just a minor scratch (划痕). There were some disagreements when we tried to work things out privately. I think he is asking for a little too much,” one driver said to me. I learned that he didn’t have enough money on hand to pay for the damage. Understanding the situation, I offered to help. I paid the amount needed to settle the matter. A troublesome matter turned into a peaceful resolution with my involvement. When the driver offered to exchange our business cards I agreed. “It was so kind of you to reach out. I’ll repay your money tomorrow,” he said. “Forget it. It’s just a small thing,” I responded. Finally, we said goodbye to each other. However, I didn’t expect my kind behavior would really bring me good luck. When I went back home, I happened to see the driver’s business card. I was surprised to find that the driver I had helped was Professor Smith who I wanted to turn to for help. I confidently decided to call him again the next day to make an appointment. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Unexpectedly, early the next morning, my phone rang. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That afternoon, I met Professor Smith in his office. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$null