10. 完形填空专题（2）（20题）2022-2024年高考英语三年真题分类汇编 （全文翻译+解析）

09. 【全文翻译+解析】——完形填空（2） 2022-2024年高考英语三年真题分类汇编 【内容导航】 【整体说明】 【习题精做 全文翻译和解析】 1. （2024年新高考甲卷完形填空） 2. （2023年新高考甲卷完形填空） 3. （2023年新高考乙卷完形填空） 4. （2022年新高考甲卷完形填空） 5. （2022年新高考乙卷完形填空） 【整体说明】 三年 考点 命题趋势 卷别 动词及其短语 形容词 名词 副词 介词 主题语境 2024 新高考甲卷 8 2 8 2 人与自我 分析近三年高考真题可知， 1. 高考完形填空体裁以记叙文为主。 2. 记叙文完形填空题材贴近考生生活，遵循“稳中求变、局部创新”。 4. 主要考查实词：动词、动词短语、名词、形容词和副词。 2023 新高考甲卷 8 4 7 1 人与社会 新高考乙卷 人与自然 2022 新高考甲卷 12 2 5 1 人与自我 新高考乙卷 人与社会 【习题精做 全文翻译和解析】 1. （2024年新高考甲卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ____41____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____42____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____43____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ____44____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____45____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____46____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____47____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____48____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____49____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ___50____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ___51____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ___52____ while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ___53____ — her ability to open her ___54____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite ___55____ compared with hers. I am ___56____ that I did not need to ___57____ the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of ___58____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ___59____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ___60____. 41. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall 42. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now 43. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced 44. A. work B. school C. court D. press 45. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged 46. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework 47. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach 48. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea 49. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely 50. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical 51. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class 52. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue 53. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value 54. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms 55. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar 56. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful 57. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for 58. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication 59. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk 60. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive 【译文】 有一天，我们吃了一顿家庭晚餐。当大人在外面忙着严肃地交谈时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。 我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。她没有机会上学。就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。 与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。 【说明】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲 述了作者 从奶奶口中了解过去的故事，认识到现在的生活相比过去有多幸福，由此生发出对如今生活的感恩之情，并且通过奶奶对过去的讲述，感受到课本里的历史“活”了起来。选自 letterpile.com 网站发布于 2018 年 年 3 月 月 10 日的名为My Grandma and Me - Sweet Childhood Memories 的文章。https://letterpile.com/creative-writing/My-Grandma-and-me 【答案】 41 B 44. A 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D 【解析】 41题：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room客厅；B. kitchen厨房；C. yard院子；D. dining hall餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在厨房洗碗。故选B。 42题：考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always一如既往；B. By the way顺便说一句；C. For example例如；D. Here and now此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。 43题：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted调整；B. promoted促进；C. achieved完成；D. experienced经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。 44题：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work工作；B. school学校；C. court法院；D. press出版社。根据下文“The only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选B。 45题：考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored赞成；B. tolerated容忍；C. trusted信任；D. acknowledged承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选A。 46题：考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening园艺；B. homework家庭作业；C. business商务；D.housework家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。 47题：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise锻炼；B. study学习；C. explore探索；D. teach教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选B。 48题：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. food食物；B. guests客人；C. lessons课程；D. tea茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课。故选C。 49题：考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely仔细地、紧密地；B. directly直接地；C. nervously紧张地；D. freely自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选A。 50题：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. professional专业的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. simple简单的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选D。 51题：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market市场；B. mountain山；C. beach海滩；D. class班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选C。 52题：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view视野；D. tongue舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选B。 53题：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire钦佩；B. notice注意到；C.adopt采纳；D. value重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选A。 54题：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. mouth嘴；C. eyes眼睛；D. arms胳膊。根据上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开嘴在水底坐着。故选C。 55题：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult困难的；B. complex复杂的；C. happy快乐的；D. similar相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相当快乐。故选C。 56题：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. convinced深信不疑的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自己的童年是快乐的。故选A。 57题：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon思考；B. go through经历；C. ask about询问；D. prepare for准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选B。 58题：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemployment失业；B. health健康；C. education教育；D. communication沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。故选C。 59题：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend出席；B. refer参考；C. lead领导；D. talk对话、讨论。结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选D。 60题：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true成真；B. come round苏醒；C. come out出现；D. come alive变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。 2. （2023年新高考甲卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 原文 译文 Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 41 there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 42 its way down the hill toward us. It was a 43 called Mario, coming to 44 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 45 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 47 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 48 , we thought. But we were 49 his kindness, so we 50 them. What we discovered is that it’s 51 to judge what you eat only by its 52 . Those tomatoes had 53 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 55 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 56 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 57 . It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 58 , and as close as possible to where they were 59 . What Mario had 60 us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 许多年前，我在加法加纳买了一所房子，每年夏天都去那里。我们第一次 41 在那里，我们听到了一辆摩托车的轰鸣声 42 它一路下山，向我们走去。这是一个 43 叫马里奥，来 44 我们一盒盒子里装着一些西红柿和一瓶葡萄酒。这是一个很好的选择 45 让他做。但当我们看西红柿的时候，我们确实是 46 因为它们太畸形了，一点也不像那些漂亮的，圆的， 47 你在超市里买到的东西。而且酒是浑浊的，在一个有趣的旧瓶子上没有标签（标签），这些不能是任何的. 48 ，我们想。但我们是 49 他的善良，所以我们 50 他们 我们发现它是 51 来判断你吃什么 52 .那些西红柿 53 这让我想起了我叔叔小时候长大的那些孩子。如今超市里的西红柿 54 很完美的，但很有水的味道。没有人会有一种 55 记忆。令人惊讶的是，他们还没有设法发展成正方形的人 56 他们很容易。马里奥的酒可能是浑浊的，是从一个旧瓶子里冒出来的，但它确实是这样的 57 . 在正确的时间吃东西是很好的 58 ，并尽可能接近他们所在的位置 59 .马里奥有什么 60 我们是加法加纳的味道。 41. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed 42. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling 43. A. customer B. neighbor C. relative D. passenger 44. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show 45. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture 46. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored 47. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun 48. A. more B. good C. new D. easy 49. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in 50. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed 51. A. unnecessary B. uncertain C. unwise D. unusual 52. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price 53. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste 54. A. smell B. look C. become D. work 55. A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague 56. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack 57. A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar 58. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need 59. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown 60. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told 41. A. 等候 B. 相遇 C. 露宿的 D. 停留 42. A. 制造 B. 搜索的 C. 挤压 D. 感觉 43. A. 顾客 B. 邻居 C. 亲戚 D. 乘客 44. A. 借钱 B. 发送 C. 带来 D. 表明 45. A. 选择 B. 发表意见 C. 许诺 D. 手势 46. A. 担心的 B. 受感动的 C. 非常兴奋的 D. 感到厌倦的 47. A. 简单的 B. 真的 C. 发光的 D. 乐趣 48. A. 更 B. 好的 C. 新的 D. 容易的 49. A. 同情 B. 对…表示感谢 C. 谨慎于… D. 对…感兴趣 50. A. 可靠地 B. 卖 C. 被送回的 D. 混合的 51. A. 不需要的 B. 犹豫 C. 不明智的 D. 特别的 52. A. 外表 B. 质量 C. 原点 D. 价格 53. A. 大小 B. 形状 C. 颜色 D. 味道 54. A. 闻到 B. 看 C. 成为 D. 工作 55. A. 幸福的 B. 生动的 C. 短的 D. 模糊的 56. A. 干净的 B. 检查 C. 计数 D. 收拾行李 57. A. 完美的 B. 有用的 C. 实用的 D. 熟悉的 58. A. 展览着 B. 有售 C. 中听 D. 在危难中 59. A. 完成了的 B. 存信息的 C. 建立 D. 成年的 60. A. 煮熟的 B. 指定的 C. 购买 D. 表明 【说明】 本文是一篇记叙文。人与社会。文章主要讲述了我和家人第一次去多年前在加尔法尼亚纳买的房子里度假，邻居送来西红柿和一瓶酒。我们最初因食物外观不佳，对食物感到担忧。但在品尝食物之后，我们明白了不应以外表判断食物的道理。我们很高兴品尝到了加尔法尼亚纳当地当季的食物味道。 【解析】 41. D 考查动词辨析。根据上文“I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer”可知，此处指我们第一次住进这个房子。stay意为“停留，逗留；留宿，暂住”。故选D。 42. A 考查动词辨析。此处指邻居骑着摩托车下山朝我们家来。“make one’s way”是固定搭配，意为“前进，行进”。故选A。 43. B 考查名词辨析。根据下文“It was a very nice for him to make.”及全文内容可推知，Mario是我们的邻居。neighbor意为“邻居”。故选B。 44. C 考查动词辨析。根据下文“a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine”及“his kindness”可知，Mario给我们带来了西红柿和一瓶酒。bring意为“带来”。故选C。 45. D 考查名词辨析。根据上文邻居给我们送来西红柿和一瓶酒可知，此处指邻居向我们示好，“gesture”意为“姿态，表示”。故选D。 46. A 考查形容词辨析。根据下文“because they were so misshapen”可知，这些西红柿外观不佳，此处指我们看着这些西红柿感到担忧。worried意为“担心的，担忧的”。故选A。 47. C 考查形容词辨析。根据“the nice, round, things you get in a supermarket”可知，该空与“nice”、“round”并列，指超市的西红柿看起来都是又圆又好看，光鲜亮丽的。shiny意为“发光的，有光泽的”。故选C。 48. B 考查形容词辨析。根据上文的“because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，我们认为西红柿和酒可能不是很好。good意为“好的”。故选B。 49. B 考查形容词短语辨析。根据常识及上下文可知，邻居送我们礼物，我们很感谢他的好意。thankful for意为“对……表示感谢”。故选B。 50. A 考查动词辨析。根据下文“What we discovered is that”及“reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child”可知，我们尝了邻居送的食物。try意为“尝试；品尝”。故选A。 51. C 考查形容词辨析。根据下文“reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child”可知，我们品尝食物后，明白了之前的看法是不明智的。unwise意为“不明智的”。故选C。 52. A 考查名词辨析。根据上文“they were so misshapen”及“cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it”等对食物外观的描写可知，此处指我们明白了通过外观判断食物是不明智的。appearance意为“外表；外观”。故选A。 53. D 考查名词辨析。根据下文“reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow”及“taste of water”可知，此处指西红柿的味道。taste意为“味道”。故选D。 54. B 考查动词辨析。根据上文“not at all like the nice, round, things you get in a supermarket”可知，此处指超市的西红柿看起来完美无瑕，但尝起来味淡如水。look意为“看起来”。故选B。 55. A 考查形容词辨析。根据上文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes perfect but taste of water.”可知，此处指超市西红柿好看不好吃，没有人会对此有开心的回忆。happy意为“开心的”。故选A。 56. D 考查动词辨析。根据上文“grow square ones so that they can”可推知，方形的西红柿更容易打包装箱。本句通过反讽语气吐槽现代农业讲究效率，不讲究味道。pack意为“打包”。故选D。 57. A 考查形容词辨析。根据上文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but”及语境可知，邻居的酒看起来不怎么样，但是味道一流。perfect意为“完美的”。故选A。 58. C 考查介词短语辨析。根据上文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，此处指吃当季的食物是最好的。in season意为“当令的，当季的”。故选C。 59. D 考查动词辨析。根据上文“as close as possible to where they were”可知，此处为总结，在最接近食物产地的地方，吃食物是最好的。grow意为“种植”。故选D。 60. B 考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，此处指Mario给我们的不仅是食物，也是Garfagnana这个城市真正的味道。give意为“给予；赠送”。故选B。 3. （2023年新高考乙卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 原文 译文 To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41 best. She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44 waves on her board. But it was 45 to take the leap (飞跃), however 46 it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 47 about 1,200 miles away from home, to 48 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 49 and everything was new to her. As it turned out, Douglas did 50 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51 two Russians. The Chinese coach 52 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53 , helping her skyrocket from an 54 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 55 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 56 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57 all along that she would win. Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it 58 to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 59 that she could make the London Games — and win. “I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did. 41. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew 42. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up 43. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no 44. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike 45. A. common B. time C. fun D. tough 46. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching D. head-spinning 47. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off 48. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train 49. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed 50. A. approximately B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly 51. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted 52. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put 53. A. world B. city C. team D. state 54. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic 55. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding 56. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led 57. A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy 58. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took 59. A. now and then B. more and more C. far and wide D. on and on 60. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，加贝·道格拉斯必须离开最熟悉的一切。她不得不收拾好她在弗吉尼亚州的卧室。她不得不和她的两只狗和海滩说再见，在那里她喜欢在滑板上冲浪。但现在是时候迈出这一步来实现人生的飞跃，不管它多么令人心碎。即使在14岁时，道格拉斯就知道了这一点。于是她离开离家1200英里的地方，跟着中国的一名教练训练。她和一个她从未见过的家庭住在一起，这对她来说一切都是新的。 事实证明，道格拉斯击败了两名俄罗斯人，做了她需要做的事情，成为了奥运会冠军。这位中国教练使道格拉斯成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通成员飙升到了世界顶级运动员。通过赢得奥运会的全能冠军，她成为了第一位这样做的黑人女性。她从头到尾都领先于竞争对手。她说她一直都有信心自己会赢得比赛。 不久前，女子国家队的联络人玛莎·卡洛利并不认为道格拉斯能成为一名奥运选手。随着时间的推移，她越来越看好她，能参加伦敦奥运会，并获胜。 “我要激励很多人，”她说。“我已经准备好要发光了。”她也做到了发光。 41. A. 可靠地 B. 思想 C. 判断正确的 D. 知道 42. A. 拿起 B. 打包 C. 将...清理干净 D. 整修 43. A. 再见 B. 问候 C. 感谢 D. 不 44. A. 导致 B. 观察 C. 骑；冲 D. 碰撞 45.A. 常见的 B. 时候 C. 乐趣 D. 棘手的 46. A. 非常激动人心的 B. 令人心碎的 C. 引人注目的 D. 晕头转向 47. A. 退出 B. 继续前进 C. 拉过 D. 离开 48. A. 原因 B. 谈话 C. 竞争 D. 训练 49. A. 遇见 B. 帮助 C. 懂 D. 需要 50. A. 大约 B. 逐渐地 C. 恰好 D. 可能地 51.A. 击败 B. 高兴的 C. 尊重 D. 辅助的 52.A. 被迫的 B. 改变 C. 说服 D. 放置 53. A. 世界 B. 城市 C. 队 D. 状态 54. A. 业余的 B. 选举 C. 普通的 D. 非常感兴趣的 55. A. 使清楚 B. 辩护 C. 获胜的 D. 费时的 56. A. 跟随 B. 组织 C. 注视 D. 领先 57. A. 坚信的 B. 神经紧张的 C. 激动的 D. 心神不安的 58. A.看 B. 出现 C. 要紧 D. 取得 59. A. 有时 B. 越来越 C. 到处 D. 继续不停地 60. A. 发光 B. 飞 C. 舞蹈 D. 得分 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。人与自我。文章主要讲述了伦敦奥运会女子体操个人全能项目冠军的美国女孩Gabby Douglas背井离乡，在中国教练的训练下，经过辛勤的付出，从一名普通的体操运动员成长为奥运冠军的故事。 【解析】 41. D 考查动词辨析。根据空前的“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”以及下文的“1,200 miles away from home”及“everything was new to her”可知，为了在全能个人项目中成为奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不离开她最熟悉的一切。故选D。 42. B 考查动词短语辨析。根据空前的“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she _____ best”及空后的“her bedroom in Virginia”和“1,200 miles away from home”可知，Gabby Douglas需要离家前往远在千里之外的城市，所以她不得不打包行李，收拾东西。pack up意为“整理，收拾行李”。故选B。 43. A 考查名词辨析。根据前文的“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she _____ best”可知，Gabby Douglas不得不和她的两只狗和海滩告别。故选A。 44. C 考查动词辨析。根据空前的“She had to say _____ to her two dogs and to the beach”以及空后的“waves on her board”可知，她喜欢在海滩冲浪。ride (the) waves意为“冲浪”。故选C。 45. B 考查名词辨析。根据空后的“to take the leap (飞跃), however _____ it would be”以及“Even at 14, Douglas knew that.”可知，Gabby Douglas在14岁就知道是时候迈出这一步来实现人生的飞跃了。It’s time to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“是时候做某事了”，符合语境。故选B。 46. B 考查形容词辨析。根据空前的“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she _____ best”以及空处“however _____ it would be”可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己所熟悉的一切，这无疑是令人伤心的。故选B。 47. D 考查动词短语辨析。根据空前的“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”以及空后的“about 1,200 miles away from home, to _____ with a coach from China”可知，为了成为奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不离家千里。go off意为“离开（尤指去做某事）”。故选D。 48. D 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“with a coach from China”以及“The Chinese coach ... member of the national team to the top of the sport.”可推知，她跟着一位中国教练进行训练。故选D。 49. A 考查动词辨析。根据空前的“she _____ about 1,200 miles away from home”以及空后的“and everything was new to her”可知，她住在一个她从未见过的家庭，一切对她来说都是新的。故选A。 50. C 考查副词辨析。根据空后的“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”以及下文中的“The Chinese coach ... she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，她后来取得了非凡的成绩，这证明她背井离乡刻苦训练正是成为奥运冠军所需要做的事。exactly“恰好，正好”。故选C。 51. A 考查动词辨析。根据空前的“Douglas did _____ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”以及空后的“The Chinese coach ... she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，她击败了两个俄罗斯人。defeat“击败；战胜”。故选A。 52. B 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“helping her skyrocket from an _____ member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，中国教练彻底改变了Gabby Douglas。transform“使改变”。故选B。 53. A 考查名词辨析。根据空前的“Douglas did _____ what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”以及空后的“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，Gabby Douglas最终成为世界上最优秀的体操运动员之一。故选A。 54. C 考查形容词辨析。根据空前的“helping her skyrocket from an”以及空后的“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，她成功地从国家队里一名普通的队员变成世界顶级体操运动员。average意为“正常的；普通的”，符合语境。故选C。 55. C 考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“she became the first black woman to do so”可知，她赢得奥运会全能冠军。故选C。 56. D 考查动词辨析。根据空后的“the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt _____ all along that she would win”可知，她自始至终领先于竞争对手。lead意为“（比赛中）领先”。故选D。 57. A 考查形容词辨析。根据空前的“She _____ the competition from beginning to end”以及空后的“all along that she would win”可知，她一直有信心会赢得比赛。故选A。 58. D 考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“The Chinese coach ... member of the national team to the top of the sport.”可知，Douglas以前只是国家队里的一名普通队员。再根据下文中的“As time went by, she thought _____ that she could make the London Games — and win.”可知，随着时间的推移，女子国家队联络人（Martha Karolyi）认为Douglas有机会参加伦敦奥运会并获胜。由此推知，此处表示“就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karolyi还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所具备的条件”。have what it takes意为“（非正式）有所需的素质”。故选D。 59. B 考查形容词固定短语辨析。根据上文中的“Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it _____ to be an Olympian.”以及空后的“that she could make the London Games — and win”可知，女子国家队联络人（Martha Karolyi）一开始不看好Gabby Douglas，但随着时间的推移越来越看好她了。more and more意为“越来越”，符合语境。故选B。 60. A 考查动词辨析。根据空前的“I’m ready to”以及空后的“And shine she did.”可知，她说：“我准备好发光了。”而她确实做到了。shine意为“发光”，符合语境。故选A。 4. （2022年新高考甲卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lover, I ___45___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___, the cat. The next week we ___47___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___48___, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so ___49___? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. _____50_____, I began to fall for him. We _____51_____ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her _____52_____. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly _____53_____ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve _____54_____ his house. All worked _____55_____. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, _____56_____ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team _____57_____ for Tilly. We made good housemates. A year later, much to my _____58_____, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I _____59_____ him to. That’s only for giving _____60_____ to the dogs that brought us together. 41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership 42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice 43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned 44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled 45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted 46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly 47. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed 48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination 49. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real 50. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment 51. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended 52. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg 53. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly 54. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched 55. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free 56. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered 57. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling 58. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage 59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid 60. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water 【译文】 你可以从一个人对待他的狗的方式看出很多东西。 多年来，我喜欢和我的狗，蒂利和钱斯一起生活。它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。几乎是这样。去年，我开始约会，但有保留。当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一只狗，叫莫莉，还有一只猫，叫弗洛拉。虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，担心我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。 第二周，我们一起遛狗。那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停顿下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪地。他在求婚吗？我也喜欢他，但这么快吗？他把瓶子里的水倒在手上，给我的狗喝。在那一刻，我开始爱上了他。 我们继续约会，尽管我们都没有提起未来。然后在11月下旬，蒂莉的腿做了手术。：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。然后史蒂夫离开了他的家。一切都很好。三只狗形成了一个团队，在教练的指导下，尊重弗洛拉的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾蒂莉的好团队。我们是很好的舍友。 一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个装着戒指的小盒子，向我求婚。他没有下跪，我也不需要他下跪。正是为了给爱犬喝水，让我们走到了一起。 【说明】 体裁： 记叙；主题：人与自然--自然生态--人与动植物；词数：249 作者讲述了她和男友通过宠物相识相知和相爱的过程。作者通过男友对待宠物的方式，确定了男友是可以托付终身的人，最终答应了他的求婚。 【答案及解析】 41. C本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。由上文的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. (多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C项。 42. A本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。 43. D本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。 44. D本题考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled非常开心的。由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选D项。 45. B本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 the cat (三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫)”可知，作者认为三条狗可能太多了，且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫，针对这种情况，作者是担忧的。故选B项。 46. A本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance机会；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A项。 47. B本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C. bathed沐浴；D. fed喂养。由本处的“ 7 our dogs together (一起……我们的狗)”以及下文“When we paused”可知，作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B项。 48. A本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C. attention注意力；D. imagination想象。由上文“It was a hot day. When we paused (那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下)”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch one’s breath (休息一下、歇一口气)。 故选A项。 49. C本题考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快吗？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D real真正的。由上文的“The next week (第二周)”和“Was he proposing (求婚)? (他在求婚吗)”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太快了。故选C项。 50. D本题考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和下文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D项。 51. A本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。由上文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A项。 52. D本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴；C. ear耳朵；D. leg腿。由下文的“I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound (我担心Tilly爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开)”可知，作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly的伤口，可得出Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D项。 B本题考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A. secretly秘密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day (我一天带狗出去四次)”可知，作者一天带狗出去四次，可得出狗狗（包括Tilly）要不断地爬楼梯。故选B项。 54. C本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的家。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议，推荐；D. searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，二人成为室友。可以推断出来，因为害怕作者的狗爬楼梯不方便，所以建议作者搬过去一起住。故选C项。 55. C本题考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack (这三条狗组成了一个团队)”和“Steve and I formed a good team (史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队)”“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知，狗狗相处友好，作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得出一切都好。故选C项。 B本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据；D. discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack 6 , the cat (我的狗可能会攻击猫)”和“The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching (这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下)”可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora，但作者的狗和史蒂夫的狗相处友好，可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故选B项。 57. B本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation (Tilly做了一次手术)”可知，作者的狗Tilly做过手术，史蒂夫和作者一起居住后，和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B项。 58. A本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。由下文的“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me (这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚)”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是C感到高兴。故选A项。 59. C本题考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有下跪，我也不需要他下跪。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel (跪) down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C项。 60. D本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 10 , I began to fall for him. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感，所以是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D项。 5. （2022年新高考乙卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 . For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn't 52 to her. A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that "I can see you only if you can see me, too." They simply 58 mutual（相互的）recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it. 41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing 42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick 43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted 45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired 46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident 51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once 52. A. speak B. listen C. tum D. wave 53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored 55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly 56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity 57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose 58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings 60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective 【译文】 全球各地的幼儿都喜欢玩捉迷藏的游戏。对他们来说，躲避别人的视线并使自己无法被看到是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。 然而，我们都看到，学龄前儿童的隐藏能力非常差。他们常常只用手遮住眼睛，而把身体的其他部分暴露出来。 长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的 "自我中心 "动物的证据。但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果却与这种想法相矛盾。 我们将2-4岁的儿童带入南加州大学的 "发展中的思想 "实验室。每个孩子都和一个遮住自己眼睛或耳朵的成年人坐在一起。然后我们问孩子，她是否能看到或听到大人的声音。令人惊讶的是，孩子们回答说他们看不到。当大人遮住自己的嘴时，同样的事情也发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话。 一些实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问及的内容。结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且清楚地知道要求他们做什么。他们对问题的回答反映了他们的真实信念："只有当你也能看到我时，我才能看到你"。他们只是坚持要相互承认和重视。我们的研究结果表明，当孩子把毯子盖在头上而 "躲起来 "时，并不是自我中心主义的结果。事实上，当别人使用这种方法时，儿童认为这种方法是有效的。 【说明】 体裁：说明文；主题：人与社会——儿童捉迷藏；全世界的儿童都喜欢玩捉迷藏，但事实表明学前儿童不擅于躲藏。以往的研究将此现象归因于小孩子太过以自我为中心，而本文中的最新研究成果驳斥了这一观点，认为真正原因在于小孩子坚信与他人之间的“相互认可和关注”。 【答案及解析】 41. C 由上文 playing games of hide and seek玩捉迷藏游戏和下文making oneself unable to be seen的提示可知，此处指避开(escaping)别人的视线，让自己不被人看到。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”。 42. B 根据下文They often cover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies.…和第三段首句中ineffective hiding method的提示可知，幼儿园小朋友很不擅长(bad)躲藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。 43. A 由前半句 Thev often cover only their eves with their hands可推断小朋友躲藏时只用手盖住他们自己的眼睛，身体其他部分还都暴露(exposed)在外，没有藏好。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。 44. D 联系上下文可知，长久以来，儿童躲藏时只遮住自己眼睛的做法成了“儿童是极其以自我为中心的人”这一结论的证据。由本段最后一个词idea的提示也可推断，这只是人们的一种观点和理解方式，故interpreted符合语境。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。 45. C 本句中 But 提示语义转折，再联系第四段中 Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn’t.以及最后一段中得出的完全不同于以往观点的结论…it is not a result of egocentrism，可推断，此处的 research results是出人意料、令人惊讶的，故 surprising 符合语境。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。 46. C 联系最后一段中 …it is not a result of egocentrism.可知，作者所在团队的研究成果与以往的传统观点大相径庭，contradicted在此表示“(陈述或证据)相抵触，相矛盾”，符合语境。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。 47. B 由本段首句 We brought young children…及本空下一句中the chilo的提示可推断，此处跟成年人坐在一起的是受邀参加实验的每一位儿童(child)。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。 48. D 由下一句中 …or hear the adult的提示可推断，此处指参加实验的成年人要捂住自己的眼睛或耳朵(ears)。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。 49.A 由上一句中 an adult who covered herown eyes的提示可推断，此处要问受试儿童能否看到(see)那位成年人。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。 50.B 联系下文可知，研究人员继续让参与实验的成年人捂住了嘴，孩子们答复时依然给出了否定的答案，由此可推断，之后又发生了同样的事(thing)。注意:本题四个选项的词义相近，但各有其不同的适用语境，需注意辨析词义的差别。event意为“(尤指)重要事情，大事”，action 意为“行动”，accident意为“事故，意外”，三词均不符合语境。 51.B 本句中的冒号有提示下文的作用，因此，冒号之后的内容应顺承前半句的逻辑，而非引起句意转折。由冒号前The same…happened…的提示及冒号后小孩子们做出的与之前一样的否定答复可推断，此处应填Now，用以说明本次的实验结果。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。 52.A 由本句中冒号前 .….the adult covered her own mouth可推断，小孩子们这次是说他们不能与那个成年人讲话(speak)。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。 53.C 根据上文对受试儿童所做的多轮实验可推断，是大量的实验(experiments)排除了孩子们误解所提问问题的可能性。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。 54.A 根据上一句…… ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked 可知，这些年幼的实验对象并没有误解所提问题，即他们能够理解(comprehend)被提问的问题。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。 55.D由本句冒号前的半句The results were clear…可推断，实验结果是清楚、确切的，受试儿童们完全(exactly)明白他们被提问到的问题。exactly在此有表示强调的意味。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。 56.A 由上文可知，受试儿童们被反复问及一系列问题，并对这些问题一-做出答复(responses)。A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。 57.B 本空后的that在此引导同位语从句，下文引号中的 … I can see you only if you can see me,too.是一种“看法”，而非“能力”“身份”或“目的，故 belief符合语境。A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。 58.C 根据上文实验中受试儿童们一以贯之的相同答复可知，他们始终坚持(insist on)相信与他人之间的“相互认可和关注”。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。 59. D 本段最后两句是实验结论，由此可推断，suggest前的空白处应填与实验结果相关的内容，findings 符合语境。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。 60. D 按照本段所提及儿童的看法“只有当你也能看到我时，我才能看见你”，当别人把毯子蒙到头上时，对方是看不见自己的，因而自己也看不到对方，在这种情况下，躲藏就“成功”了。因此，在这些儿童看来，这种方法是有效的(effective)。另外，从文章第三段中的 this ineffective hiding method也可得到提示。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 09. 【全文翻译+解析】——完形填空（2） 2022-2024年高考英语三年真题分类汇编 原卷版 【内容导航】 【整体说明】 【习题精做 全文翻译和解析】 1. （2024年新高考甲卷完形填空） 2. （2023年新高考甲卷完形填空） 3. （2023年新高考乙卷完形填空） 4. （2022年新高考甲卷完形填空） 5. （2022年新高考乙卷完形填空） 【整体说明】 三年 考点 命题趋势 卷别 动词及其短语 形容词 名词 副词 介词 主题语境 2024 新高考甲卷 8 2 8 2 人与自我 分析近三年高考真题可知， 1. 高考完形填空体裁以记叙文为主。 2. 记叙文完形填空题材贴近考生生活，遵循“稳中求变、局部创新”。 4. 主要考查实词：动词、动词短语、名词、形容词和副词。 2023 新高考甲卷 8 4 7 1 人与社会 新高考乙卷 人与自然 2022 新高考甲卷 12 2 5 1 人与自我 新高考乙卷 人与社会 【习题精做 全文翻译和解析】 1. （2024年新高考甲卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ____41____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____42____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____43____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ____44____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____45____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____46____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____47____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____48____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____49____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ___50____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ___51____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ___52____ while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ___53____ — her ability to open her ___54____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite ___55____ compared with hers. I am ___56____ that I did not need to ___57____ the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of ___58____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ___59____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ___60____. 41. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall 42. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now 43. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced 44. A. work B. school C. court D. press 45. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged 46. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework 47. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach 48. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea 49. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely 50. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical 51. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class 52. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue 53. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value 54. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms 55. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar 56. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful 57. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for 58. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication 59. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk 60. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive 2. （2023年新高考甲卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 41 there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 42 its way down the hill toward us. It was a 43 called Mario, coming to 44 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 45 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 47 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 48 , we thought. But we were 49 his kindness, so we 50 them. What we discovered is that it’s 51 to judge what you eat only by its 52 . Those tomatoes had 53 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 55 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 56 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 57 . It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 58 , and as close as possible to where they were 59 . What Mario had 60 us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 41. A. waited B. met C. camped D. stayed 42. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling 43. A. customer B. neighbor C. relative D. passenger 44. A. lend B. send C. bring D. show 45. A. choice B. comment C. promise D. gesture 46. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored 47. A. simple B. real C. shiny D. fun 48. A. more B. good C. new D. easy 49. A. sympathetic to B. thankful for C. cautious about D. interested in 50. A. tried B. sold C. returned D. mixed 51. A. unnecessary B. uncertain C. unwise D. unusual 52. A. appearance B. quality C. origin D. price 53. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste 54. A. smell B. look C. become D. work 55. A. happy B. vivid C. short D. vague 56. A. clean B. check C. count D. pack 57. A. perfect B. useful C. convenient D. familiar 58. A. on view B. on sale C. in season D. in need 59. A. finished B. stored C. found D. grown 60. A. cooked B. given C. bought D. told 3. （2023年新高考乙卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41 best. She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44 waves on her board. But it was 45 to take the leap (飞跃), however 46 it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 47 about 1,200 miles away from home, to 48 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 49 and everything was new to her. As it turned out, Douglas did 50 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51 two Russians. The Chinese coach 52 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53 , helping her skyrocket from an 54 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 55 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 56 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57 all along that she would win. Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it 58 to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 59 that she could make the London Games — and win. “I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did. 41. A. tried B. thought C. judged D. knew 42. A. take up B. pack up C. clean up D. do up 43. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. no 44. A. cause B. observe C. ride D. strike 45. A. common B. time C. fun D. tough 46. A. breathtaking B. heartbreaking C. eye-catching D. head-spinning 47. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off 48. A. reason B. talk C. compete D. train 49. A. met B. helped C. understood D. needed 50. A. approximately B. gradually C. exactly D. possibly 51. A. defeated B. pleased C. respected D. assisted 52. A. forced B. transformed C. persuaded D. put 53. A. world B. city C. team D. state 54. A. amateur B. elected C. average D. enthusiastic 55. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding 56. A. followed B. organized C. watched D. led 57. A. confident B. nervous C. excited D. uneasy 58. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took 59. A. now and then B. more and more C. far and wide D. on and on 60. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score 4. （2022年新高考甲卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lover, I ___45___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___, the cat. The next week we ___47___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___48___, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so ___49___? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. _____50_____, I began to fall for him. We _____51_____ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her _____52_____. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly _____53_____ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve _____54_____ his house. All worked _____55_____. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, _____56_____ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team _____57_____ for Tilly. We made good housemates. A year later, much to my _____58_____, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I _____59_____ him to. That’s only for giving _____60_____ to the dogs that brought us together. 41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership 42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice 43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned 44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled 45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted 46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly 47. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed 48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination 49. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real 50. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment 51. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended 52. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg 53. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly 54. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched 55. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free 56. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered 57. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling 58. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage 59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid 60. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water 5. （2022年新高考乙卷完形填空） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 . For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn't 52 to her. A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that "I can see you only if you can see me, too." They simply 58 mutual（相互的）recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it. 41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing 42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick 43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted 45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired 46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident 51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once 52. A. speak B. listen C. tum D. wave 53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored 55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly 56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity 57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose 58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings 60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$