Unit 1 课时1 词汇-【宝典训练】2023-2024学年八年级下册英语高效课堂(沪教牛津版)

Unit 1 Helping those in need 学习内容与目标 话题 义工服务 功能 描述与志愿服务有关的故事与知识 permission teenager illness pain friendship difficulty joy peace courage 名词 spirits community accident book fair disaster Spring Bud Project 动词 raise offer suffer organize express hurt pay 形容词 disabled serious lonely 副词 there 代词 anything 介词 during(在…期间)without(没有) voluntary adj.-volunteer n. compete v.-competition n. 单词 happy adj.-unhappy adj. alone adv.-lonely adj. health n.-healthy adj. dieu.一dead adj.一death, permit v.-permission n. able adj.-disabled adj. serious adi.-seriously adv. ill adj.-illness n. 派生词 organize v.-organization n. express v.-expression n. joy n.-joyful adj. peace n.-peaceful adj. courage n.-encourage v. pay v.-payment n. pain n.-painful adj.-painless adj. difficult adj.-difficulty n. friend n.-friendly adj.-friendship n. ask permission报请批准 offer to do…主动提出做 suffer from因…受苦，受折磨 take photos of给…拍照 in need需要帮助的 voluntary work义务性工作 use sth..for doing用…来做… children without parents孤儿 teach sb.to do sth.教某人做某事 help sb.do sth.悟助某人做某事 a car accident一场车祸 raise one's spirits=ncourage sb..使某人振奋：使某人鼓起勇气 in order to目的在于：为了 give sb.a hand=help sb.帮助某人 want to do sth.=would like to do sth.想要做某事 have diff价ficulty walking走路不方便 短语 continue to do sth.=go on to do sth.继续做某事 tell sb.about sth.告诉某人关于某事 aged from7to14从七岁到十四岁 because of因为 be unable to do sth..不能做某事 work as a teacher当一名老师 in the future在将来 so that为的是：以便 in hospital生病住院 take part in参加 millions of数百万的 since then从那时起 close to靠近 pay for为…而付款 wish to do sth.希望做某事 look after照顾 plan to do sth.计划做某事 raise money筹钱 a girl called Cindy=a girl named Cindy一个叫Cindy的女孩 句型 sb.has/have difficulty doing sth.某人做某事有困难 语法 不定式 注：加粗字体内容为四会知识。 宝典测练英语·八年级·下册 课时1 词汇 非●● 课时精讲 重点词汇学习 l.raise.筹集；提升；增加；养育 A lot of students and parents are going to raise funds for the new school buildings. 许多学生和家长打算给学校的新楼筹集资金。 The students in Class 8 all raised their hands to answer Miss Yang's questions. 八班的学生都举手回答杨老师的问题。 They raised their offer to500 dollars.他们把出价抬高到500美元。 It is not easy to raise a child now.现在养一个孩子不容易。 搭配：raise one's voice提高嗓门 raise a family养家糊口 raise money筹款 raise prices提高价格 raise one's spirits打起精神 raise the desk up举起桌子 raise cattle养牛 辨析：raise和rise raise第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising rise第三人称单数：rises 过去式：rose 过去分词：risen 现在分词：rising (1)这两个词都有“提高：上升：增加”的意思，但其用法不同。 raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人，后面接宾语；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是 物，后面不接宾语。 Because my landlord raised my rent,I had to move to another place. 由于我的房东给我涨房租，我不得不搬去另外一个地方。 Smoke was rising from the chimney.烟囱之上，炊烟袅袅 (2)raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。 The price of vegetables has been raised during the typhoon days. 菜价在台风天被提高了。（强调人为因素） The price of vegetables is always rising nowadays. 如今菜价总是在不断上升。（强调客观情况） 小试牛刀 )(1)The chairman his hand up and greeted the soldiers who suffered a lot in the war. A.raised B.rose C.rises )(2)The sun in the east,and sets in the west. A.is rising B.rises C.raises Unit 1 Helping those in need 2.permission m.(=agreement;approval to do something)准许；批准 Without my parents'permission,I don't dare to go out at night. 没有我父母的允许，我不敢晚上出去。 拓展：permit,允许 第三人称单数：permits过去式：permitted过去分词：permitted现在分词：permitting permit后直接跟名词、动名词、双宾语，或者sb.todo。 Mobile phones are not permitted in the library..图书馆里不许使用手机。 We don't permit smoking in the office,.我们不许在办公室内吸烟。 Please permit me a few words..请允许我说几句。 Please permit me to find out the truth within ten days.请允许我十日内查明真相 小试件刀 :(1)Without our father's we can't go swimming in the river. 如果没有我父亲的允许，我们不能去河里游泳。 (2)The head teacher us to go on a spring outing this year. 校长允许我们今年去春游。 3.disabled adj.(=unable to do sth.,especially unable to use one's body properly)丧失能力的；有残疾的 A traffic accident made Jack a disabled child without parents. 一场交通事故使杰克变成了无父无母的残疾儿童。 拓展：(1)disable v.使失去能力：使残疾 Though the illness disabled him,Shi Tiesheng still kept on writing. 尽管疾病使他残疾，史铁生仍然坚持写作。 (2)disability n.(身体或智力上的)缺陷：残疾 The physical disability is never an excuse for me to stop fighting. 身体上的缺陷从不是我停止战斗的借口。 小试件刀 :(1)I once wanted to help a man cross the road,but he refused. 我曾经想帮助一个残疾的男人过马路，但他拒绝了。 :(2)His will never stop him from making his dreams come true. 他的残疾永远不会阻挡他实现梦想的步伐。 4.offer v.(=be willing to do sth.for sb.or to give sth.tosb.)主动提出；自愿给予 搭配：(1)offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 Mr.Li offered to help me with my Maths for free.李老师主动提出免费给我补数学。 (2)offer sb.sth.为某人提供某物 The company has offered Mr.White a big house with a big garden. 公司给怀特先生提供了一套带大花园的大房子。 3 宝典测练英语·八年级·下册 辨析：provide和ofer (1)provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种 责任，强调提供必需或有用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb.with sth,和 provide sth.for sb.的周定搭配中。 We are here to provide a service for the public.=We are here to provide the public with a service..我们来这里是为公众服务的。 (2)offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb.sth.和offer sth.tosb.的固定搭配中。 offer help to sb.主动提出帮助某人offer sb.a good salary给某人不错的薪水 The waiter offered me a glass of lemonade.=The waiter offered a glass of lemonade to me. 服务员端给我一杯柠檬汁。 小试牛刀 :(1)If I had him some useful advice,he wouldn't have made such a decision. 如果我给他提一些有用的建议，他就不会做出那样的决定了。 :(2)Although I offer my students,they still find it hard to communicate with their parents. 尽管我主动帮助我的学生，但他们还是觉得跟父母难以沟通。 5.illness n.(某种)病 What made him worried is not the illness,but his family's attitude towards him. 使他担忧的不是他的疾病，而是他家人对他的态度。 同根词：ill adj妨.有病的 Once I fall ill,I can't go to school or play with my classmates. 一旦我生病，我就不能去上学和跟同学们玩了。 辨析：ill和sick (1)l和sick都有“生病的：有病的”之意，但用法并不完全相同。 表示“生病的：有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；而sck既可以作表语 又可以作定语。如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick,但不能说an ill man或the ill。 又如： Because my grandpa was ill/sick in bed,my mother had to ask for a leave to take care of him. 由于我外公卧病在床，我母亲不得不请假照顾他。 She promised to look after her sick husband.她答应照顾她生病的丈夫。 (2)sck还可以意为“恶心的：想呕吐的；厌倦的”。如： I feel sick when I see the mice.当我看到老鼠时，我觉得很恶心。 训作定语修饰名词时，意为“坏的：邪恶的”。如： An ill man will never have a good ending.恶有恶报。 Unit 1 Helping those in need 小试牛刀 :(1)After my grandma fell my uncle often visited her. 我奶奶生病后，我伯伯经常去看她。 :(2)The man said he would do more exercise to keep healthy. 那个生病的男人说他会多做运动保持身体健康。 6.organize v.组织；筹备 It is meaningful for me to organize an English singing competition. 对于我而言，组织一场英语歌唱比赛是很有意义的。 同根词：organ n.器官organization.组织：机构：团体 Our body is made up of different organs.我们的身体是由不同的器官组成的。 What is short for the World Health Organization?世界卫生组织的缩写是什么？ 小试牛刀 :(1)In order to this party,my friends booked a big room and spent a lot of money. 为了组织这场派对，我的朋友们订了一间大房，又花了很多钱。 (2)What matters a lot in an is teamwork. 在一个团体当中，团队合作非常重要。 7.express.表达；表露 Sometimes speaking is not the only way for us to express what's on our mind. 有时言语并不是唯一能表达我们所思所想的方式。 同根词：expression.表现：表示：表达；表情 You can know about a person's feelings by observing his expressions. 你可以通过观察一个人的表情来了解他的感受。 小试牛刀 :(1)Facial are very important in communication. 脸部表情在沟通环节里是很重要的。 (2)Words can never how much I love you,my dear motherland. 我亲爱的祖国，言语永远无法表达我有多爱你。 8.lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的（比较级：lonelier;最高级：loneliest) I live alone,but I don't feel lonely.我虽然一个人住，但我不觉得寂宽 How to survive on a lonely island is an important skill for soldiers to learn. 怎样在孤岛上生存是战士们要学习的一项重要技能。 同根词：loneliness n.孤独：寂寞 5 宝典测练英语·八年级·下册 辨析：alone和lonely (I)alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或 同伴，没有感情色彩，只表示客观的状态。aloe还可以作副词，意为“单独；独自”。 Don'tleave me here alone all the time.不要一直让我一个人在这儿待着。 I always do the housework alone.I always do the housework by myself. 我总是一个人做家务活。 (2)lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独，寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，指因缺少朋友、同 伴、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。lonely还 有“荒凉的：偏僻的”之意，作定语，多修饰表示地点的名词。 The old man lives in a lonely town.He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上。他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。 小试牛刀 :(1)I need to finish the task otherwise I'll lose the qualification to take part in this contest,我必须独自完成这项任务，否则我会失去参赛资格。 (2)Those who feel in their daily lives will find it happy to chat online. 日常生活中觉得孤独的人会发现上网聊天很开心。 9.friendship n.友情；友谊 Friendship is one of the most important things in my life..友谊是我生命中最重要的东西之一。 同根词：(1)friend n.朋友复数：friends A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 (2)friendly adj,友好的比较级：friendlier;最高级：friendliest Joyce is always friendly to the children..乔伊斯总是对孩子们很友好。 小试件刀 :(1)True never fades away.真正的友谊水不消逝。 :(2)If you are to the people around you,you will get a lot of 如果你对周围的人很友好，你会有很多朋友。 (3)It is so lucky to make with you.跟你做朋友真幸运 10.difficulty n.(=trouble)图难；费劲（复数：difficulties) Lisa sometimes has difficulty in understanding what the teacher says. 莉萨有时难以理解老师说的话。 The difficulties I have had makes me stronger..我所受的苦难使我更坚强。 同根词：difficult adj.(=hard to do)困难的 It is difficult to get rid of bad habits..要戒掉坏习惯很难。 搭配：have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难 in difficulty./difficulties处境困难 My parents once had difficulty in understanding what was on my mind. 我的父母曾经难以理解我的想法。 6 Unit 1 Helping those in need When our army were in difficulties.many local farmers helped us and gave us food and water. 当我们的军队人员处于困境之中时，许多当地农民帮助我们并给我们食物和水。 小试牛刀 (1)A tall man carried the box without 一个高大的男人毫不费力地扛起了那个箱子。 (2)It is getting more and more to get 100 marks in exams. 考试要拿一百分越来越难了。 ll.joyn.(=a feeling of great happiness)愉快；喜悦 Many pieces of good news about our younger brother always brought us joy and fun. 许多则关于我们弟弟的好消息给我们带来了喜悦和乐趣。 Hearing the news,Joyce jumped with joy.听到这消息，乔伊斯高兴得跳起来。 同根词：joyful adj.快乐的；高兴的：令人开心的：使人喜悦的 All I wish is that you can have a joyful life forever.我只希望你可以永远开心。 搭配：to one'sjoy令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是feel/experience joy感到欢乐 To his joy,his teacher told the class there was no homework today. 让他高兴的是，老师跟全班说今天没有作业。 小试牛刀 :(1)To her her son won first prize in the game. 让她高兴的是，她的儿子在比赛中赢得了第一名。 (2)I felt because I had a big meal with my family on my birthday. 因为生日那天和家人吃了一顿大餐，所以我很开心。 12.peace n.平静；宁静 What I want is not the war,but the peace,.我想要的不是战争，而是和平。 Nobel Peace Prize诺贝尔和平奖 同根词：peaceful adj.和平的；爱好和平的：安静的：平静的 I think we can solve the problem in a peaceful way. 我想我们可以用和平的方式来解决这个问题 小试牛刀 (1)After the disaster,the town became again.灾难之后，小镇再次变得平静。 (2)May those who died in the war rest in .愿战争中的死难者安息。 l3.hurt".(=injure)(使)疼痛；受伤（过去式和过去分词都是hurt) The person who can hurt you most is the one you love most. 只有你爱得最深的人才能伤你最深。 7 宝典测练英语·八年级·下册 搭配：hurt oneself受伤 Tom seriously hurt himself while trying to escape from the police. 汤姆试图从警察手中逃脱时受了重伤。 拓展：hurt adj..受伤的；痛苦的 They did not seem to be badly hurt..他们看起来没有受重伤 小试牛刀 (1)Do you realize you are yourself? 你有没有意识到你在伤害自己？ (2)A tiger got out of the cage and was caught in the end,but luckily no one was 一只老虎挣脱牢笼最后被抓回去，但幸好没有伤着人。 l4.courage n.勇气；勇敢 I didn't have the courage to admit my failure..我没有勇气承认自己的失败。 同根词：encourage v.鼓励：鼓舞；支持：促进；鼓动 encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 My friend always encourages me to take part in more parties. 我的朋友总是鼓励我参加更多的聚会。 搭配：take one's courage in both hands鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为 Taking his courage in both hands,he asked whether Mary would like to dance with him. 他壮着胆，问玛丽是否愿意和他跳舞。 小试牛刀 (1)The is the most important thing for us to go through the difficulties. 勇气是我们战胜困难最重要的东西。 (2)When we we can have more confidence in ourselves. 当我们被鼓励时，我们会对自己更有信心。 年年年年年中年年中年中年年年年中年年年年年中年车年年年年年中年年年年年年华中年年年中中年年年年中年年年年年年年年中中年年年中中年中年年年年中年年中年年 15.pay.付款；偿还 第三人称单数：pays过去式：paid过去分词：paid现在分词：paying No one will pay ten million pounds for such a house..没人会花一千万英镑买这么一个房子。 He paid off all the debts at one time..他一次还清了所有债务。 拓展：payn.工资：薪水 Her job is hard work,but the pay is good.她工作虽辛苦，但薪水不低。 搭配：pay off偿清（债务） pay attention to注意 pay the money back还钱 pay a visit to去参观：拜访 pay for为…付款 辨析：spend,cost,take和pay (1)spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： ①spend money on sth.在…上花费金钱 I spent 100 yuan on a new dress.我花1O0元买了一条新连衣裙。 8 Unit 1 Helping those in need ②spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事 Daisy spent eight years (in)building this church. 黛西花了八年的时间来建这座教堂。 (2)cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下： sth.cost/costs(sb.)+金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱 My new house cost me two million dollars.我的新房子花了我两百万美元。 注意：cos1的过去式和过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动语态。 (3)take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法如下： It takes,'took sb.十时间十to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间 It took him three years to make his dream come true. 他花了三年的时间实现他的梦想。 (4)pay的基本用法如下： pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人）买某物 You need to pay me200 yuan for the basketball.你买这个篮球要付我200元。 小试牛刀 (1)It us four days to get there.我们花了四天的时间才到达那里。 (2)This coat my husband1,000yuan.这件大衣花了我丈夫1000元。 (3)My elder sister 8,000 yuan for the new bag.我姐姐花了八千元买这个新包。 (4)I a week making a gift for my mother..我花了一个星期给我妈妈做了一件礼物。 围课时过关 一、按要求写出相应的单词 1.raise (过去分词) 2.disability (形容词) 3.offer (过去式) 4.seriously (形容词) 5.illness (复数) 6.organization (动词) 7.express (第三人称单数) 8.difficult (名词) 9.joyful (名词) 10.pay (过去分词) 二、根据题意及首字母或汉语提示，完成下列句子 1.He hurt his legs and he is in great p 2.Tom and I are good friends.We hope our f can last forever. 3.We like p and hate wars. 4.You need a lot of c to face your mistake. 5.They will have a book fair to r money. 6.We should help the d people. 7.These (青少年)offered to help. 9 宝典测练英语·八年级·下册 8.She (受苦)from the pain last night. 9.At supper,everyone was in high (情绪)and enjoyed the delicious food. 10.When she has many (图难)，she will call her best friends for help. 三、完形填空 体裁 词数 标准时间 实际用时 题数 正确率 说明文 258 8分钟 10 /10 Have you ever heard of Nessie?It's a monster in the Loch Ness lake!But is it real?On Aug 26 and 27,1 did a big survey (to find out.It's the 2 survey in 50 years,said the BBC.And they used some new technology for the first 3 to help them. The monster's home is the 4 Loch Ness in Scotland.The lake is 240 meters deep and 36 kilometers long,according to Britannica.That's a big area (for the search to check.But the team had thermal drones(热成像无人机).They flew over the lake and took special5,The pictures can show them heat made by living things,like monsters!People also listened out for Nessie using hydrophones(水中听音器).These devices(设备)can6 sounds underwater. Some other technology was used before.In 2019,scientist Neil Gemmell 7 some DNA samples (from the lake water.When 8 move about in the water,they leave behind tiny bits of DNA,said Gemmell.But his tests showed that the animal is 9 just a big eel () This time around,people 10 still not find Nessie.But with reports of the monster since ancient times,and more than1,0o0 official sightings(官方目击)，the Nessie myth(话)will probably continue to live on. )1.A.teachers B.students C.scientists D.artists )2.A.biggest B.highest C.fattest D.shyest )3.A.school B.time C.person D.monster )4.A.river B.sea C.pool D.lake )5.A.friends B.newspapers C.money D.pictures )6.A.take up B.pick up C.turn up D.fly up )7.A.made B.lent C.got D.borrowed )8.A.leaves B.trees C.plants D.animals )9.A.probably B.seriously C.hardly D.heavily )10.A.can B.may C.must D.shall 10八年级下肝（牛律版）豫秀答黍 10.most 参考答案 课时3语法 【课时过关 证文答案 一、I-5 DDDAD 6-10 AABCA 二、1. without 2.to study 3.to have 4.to finish 5. offering 6.sleep Unit 1 Helping those in need 7.feel 8. laugh 9.to go 10.to join 课时1词汇 三、l.dancing 2.traditionally 3.visitors 【课时精讲】 4.for 5.lived 6.them 1.(1)A (2)B 7.saying 8.taking 9.dirty 2.(1)permission (2)permitted 10.and 3. (1)disabled (2)disability 课时4听说 4.(1)offered (2)to help 【听说测试工 5.(1)ill/sick (2)sick 一、 模仿朗读 6.(1)organize (2)organization 略 7.(1)expressions (2)express 二、信息获取 8.(1)alone (2)lonely 1-5 ABBBA 6-10 ACCBA 9.(1)friendship (2)friendly;friends (3)friends 三、短文复述及提问 10.(1)difficulty (2)difficult 第一节短文复述 11. (1)joy (2)joyful/joy 11.Li Ming is a member of the Helping Hands Club.It's an 12.(1)peaceful (2)peace organization that works for students.It can help students to 13.(1)hurting (2)hurt learn better.This term the club needs many new members 14.(1)courage (2)are encouraged from Grade 7 and Grade 8.Anyone with a warm heart and 15.(1)1ook (2)cost kindness is welcome.You can call Li Ming if you want to (3)paid (4)spent have a try.The new members will have a three-day 【课时过关】 training programme and need to take part in several 、l.raised 2.disabled 3.offered after-school activities. 4.serious 5.illnesses 6.organize 第二节提问 7.expresses 8.difficulty 9.joy 12.What is the training programme about? 10.paid 13.How long have you worked in the club? 二、L.pain 2.friendship 3.peace 课时5写作 4.courage 5.raise 6.disabled 7.teenagers 8.suffered 9.spirits [课时过关1 10.difficulties 【写作操练】 三、I-5 CABDD 610 BCDAB 1.Last Saturday.I went to the orphanage with my classmates to be a volunteer. 课时2阅读 2.Before we left for the orphanage,we bought some gifts for the 【课时精讲 children. 3.After we got there,we had a talk with the children and taught 1.(1)are offered them to sing and dance. (2)The more we offer to help people around us 4.At the same time,we also taught the children the ways to 2.(1)suffered (2)suffer from read good books. 3.(1)to sleep (2)To continue 5.From this voluntary activity,I realize how poor the orphans 4.(1)learning (2)difficulties are,and they all need love. 5.(1)to play (2)tobe 6.Meanwhile,I also learn how to take care of others. 6.(1)need to read (2)to argue 7.Besides,I made many friends there.And I hope you can take 【课时过关】 part in the voluntary activities as well. 一、1.todo 2.voluntary 3.competition 【我的完整作品】 4.called 5.to paint 6.feelings My Voluntary Work Experience 7.disabled 8.walking 9.to sing Last Saturday.I went to the orphanage with my classmates 10.hurt to be a volunteer,Before we left for the orphanage,we bought 二、I-5 DBACA some gifts for the children.After we got there,we had a talk 三、1.of 2.products 3.called with the children and taught them to sing and dance.At the 4.but 5.a 6.is enjoyed same time,we also taught them the ways to read good books. 7.communication 8.has become 9.successfully From this voluntary activity,I realize how poor the orphans are.