精品解析：江苏省南京市金陵中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

2023-2024学年度第二学期高一年级英语期末试卷 第I卷 考试时间为120分钟，满分150分 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共 15 小题:每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题上将该项涂黑 A The Public Transport Fares in New York On our website, you can find out how much it costs to ride the subway, bus, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North in the New York area. ★ Subways and buses ●Fare for most riders on subways and local, limited, and Select Bus Service buses:$2.85. ●Express buses cost $6.85. More information about subway and bus fares ●Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare. ●An unlimited ride MetroCard can save you money. It gives you unlimited rides for a certain length of time. ●MetroCards cost $1. All cards except for the Single Ride card are refillable (可充值的). ●Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult. ●You pay the fare at turnstiles (旋转闸门) before you aboard the train. You don’t have to do anything afterwards. ★ Railroads: LIRR (Long Island Rail Road) and Metro-North ●Fares vary based on when and where you are travelling. ●Buying tickets on your phone is the most convenient option. More information about railroad fares ●Peak (高峰的) fares are charged during business rush hours on any weekday train scheduled to arrive in New York City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. or depart New York City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. ●Off-peak fares are charged at all other times on weekdays, all day on Saturday and Sunday, and on holidays. ●Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours. 1. How much might a subway trip cost a 68-year-old man with two children under 44 inches tall? A. $2.35. B. $2.85. C. $5.70. D. $6.85. 2. For what train trip are peak fares charged? A. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 10 pm. B. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 7 am. C. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 9 pm. D. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 8:30 am. 3. Why should people read the trip planner? A. To know special offers. B. To leave your advice. C. To check fare information. D. To book a train ticket. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文属于应用文。文章主要介绍了纽约地铁、公交车和铁路等公共交通乘坐费用情况，还涉及地铁及公交费减免情况和铁路交通高峰期的时间和车费。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据More information about subway and bus fares部分中“Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare.(对大多数乘客来说，乘坐地铁的费用是2.85美元。残疾人士或65岁以上的老年人可享受优惠票价)”和“Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult.(最多3名身高44英寸以下的儿童可以免费乘坐，只要他们有一个付费的成人陪伴)”可知一位68岁男子带着身高44英寸以下的孩子需要付的车费低于$2.85。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据More information about railroad fare部分中“On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.(地铁北线列车的高峰票价也适用于工作日早上6点至9点之间从中央车站出发的任何列车)”可知，在上午七点离开Grand Central车站属于交通高峰期。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据本文最后一段“Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours.(使用我们的旅行计划来查找票价信息。了解行程和方向，看看旅行是在高峰时间还是非高峰时间)”可知，通过行程规划可以找到费用信息。故选C。 B At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious. Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought. In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me. I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.” 4. What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed. 5. The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______. A. pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community 6. From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______. A. reflects the creator’s spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice 7. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者学习中国书法的经历和感悟，包括初次接触书法时的情景，名字的由来，在美国放弃中文名，回到香港学习书法的原因，老师对自己的评价，以及通过书法对自身的思考和认识等。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”.( 我的父母是华裔，所以他们请算命先生给我取名字，希望能给我带来最大的好运。于是，我给自己取了一个毫无意义又尴尬的名字：陈薏温，意思大致是“陈旧”、“薏米”、“温暖”)”可知， 作者认为自己的名字“Chen Yi wen”是无意义且令人尴尬的，虽然父母是为了追求最大的运气才取这个名字，但她还是不喜欢。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought.(当我在美国生活了14年后，于2021年搬到香港时，我决定学习书法。为什么不跟我的传统联系一下呢？我想)”可知，作者决定学习书法是为了重新接触自己的文化根源。故选B。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说：“这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。”他还不如说：“这个字就是你。”)”可推知，从老师的话中，作者了解到书法反映了创作者的精神。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段“During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.”(在最近的一次课上，老师指着我刚完成的字对我说：“这个字好多了。我能看到你所做的选择，你的计算，你的心流。相信自己。这个词是你的。”他还不如说：“这个字就是你。”)”可知，作者最初学习书法是为了 “接触文化遗产（get back in touch with my heritage）”，但过程中逐渐意识到 “what I was really seeking was a return to myself（我真正寻求的是回归自我）”，最终感悟到 “the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully（书法带来的乐趣让我更全面地了解自己）”。老师最后评价她的字 “this word is yours（这个字是你的）”，暗指 “字如其人”，作者通过书法探索自我、发现内在的价值与美好。故选B。 C Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming.Ozone(臭氧)levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer tree covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth. 8. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may__________. A. result in a warming climate B. cause the forest fires to occur more frequently C. lead to a longer fire season D. protect the forests and the environment there 9. The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere B. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase C. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space D. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun 10. Earlier studies about northern forest fires A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate B. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere C. suggest that people should take measures to protect the environment D. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming 11. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may A. warm the climate as the supposition goes B. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate C. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice D help to gain more energy rather than release more energy 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要讲述了发生在阿拉斯加，加拿大和西伯利亚的北部大火对当地的气候所产生的影响，大火过后，树木都被烧没有了，会让更多的雪反射阳光进太空反而是让温度变低。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions.(这一发现表明，采取措施防止北方森林减少温室气体的释放，可能会使北方地区的气候变暖。)”可知，这样的措施最终可能导致了北部地区的气候变暖。故选A项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“The following spring however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer tree covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.( 然而，第二年春天，火灾区域内的土地比火灾前更明亮，因为覆盖地面的树木更少。地面上的雪将更多的阳光反射回太空，导致降温。)”可知，地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediate effects。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.(其他科学家的早期研究表明，北部地区的火灾会加速气候变暖，因为燃烧树木和植物产生的温室气体会释放到大气中，从而锁住热量。)”可知，早期研究表明火灾会加速气候变暖。故选D项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.(与阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖的假设相反，科学家们发现，在被烧毁的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区，可能会出现降温。)”可知，从这个研究中得到的结论是让更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空中，从而使气候变凉。故选B项。 D Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator, like Midjourney or DALL-E, to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意的) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorized image scraping. The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 12. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. facilitating B. collecting C. damaging D. polishing 13. According to the passage, what may adding poisoned data lead to? A. increasing the accuracy of returned information B. causing users to forget the prompt key words C. affecting the training of generative AI D. discriminating against great masterpieces 14. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights. B. Computer scientists has learned to respect the copyright of most artists. C. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognize faces. D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers’ interest. 15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves B. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists C. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training D. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists 【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AI文本生成图像工具的工作原理、可能存在的版权问题以及由此引出的“投毒”概念，还探讨了相关工具如Nightshade的用途和可能带来的影响，以及这一领域与人权、技术治理等议题的关联。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images.(文本到图像生成器的工作原理是在包含数百万或数十亿图像的大型数据集上进行训练)”以及后文“online images(在线图像)”可知，文本到图像生成器的工作原理是在包含数百万或数十亿图像的大型数据集上进行训练，所以收集了在线图像来训练，故划线词意思是“收集”。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results.(这个工具的工作原理是轻微地改变图像的像素，以一种让计算机视觉系统感到困惑但人类肉眼却看不出变化的方式。如果一个组织随后抓取这些图像来训练未来的AI模型，那么它的数据集就变得“有毒”了。这可能会导致错误的学习，使得生成器返回非预期的结果)”可知，添加有毒数据会影响生成式AI的训练。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright.(像Nightshade这样的工具可能会被一些用户滥用，故意上传“有毒”的图像，以迷惑AI生成器。但Nightshade的开发者希望这个工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重版权)”以及最后一段“Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights.(例如，人权活动家一段时间以来一直担心机器视觉在更广泛的社会中被滥用。这种担忧在面部识别方面尤为严重。面部识别案例与数据中毒之间存在明显联系，因为两者都涉及到围绕技术治理的更大问题。或许最好将数据中毒视为一种创新的解决方案，以解决某些基本人权遭到剥夺的问题)”可知，最后两段提到，人权活动人士一直担心滥用机器视觉，特别是面部识别，并且面部识别案件与数据中毒之间存在联系。作者建议，将数据中毒视为剥夺某些基本人权的创新解决方案可能是一个更好的观点。这意味着，数据中毒可以被视为引起人们对人权问题的注意的一种方式，从而证明在某些情况下使用数据中毒是合理的。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead.(你输入提示词“蓝天下的红色气球”，但生成器返回的却是一张鸡蛋的图片)”以及第二段“The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意的) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work.(你正在使用的生成器可能已经被“投毒”了。这是什么意思呢？文本生成图像的工具是通过在包含数百万或数十亿张图片的大型数据集上进行训练来工作的。其中一些生成器是通过不加区分地从网上抓取图片来进行训练的，而这些图片中很多可能都受版权保护。这导致了许多版权侵权案件，艺术家们指责大型科技公司窃取他们的作品并从中获利)”结合文章主要解释了“中毒”数据的含义，即通过特地工具对图像像素进行细微修改，使得这些图像在训练AI模型时会导致模型学习错误，从而产生非预期的输出，这导致了许多侵犯版权的案件，引起艺术家的不满。选项D“数据中毒：限制创新还是赋权艺术家”总结了全文内容，为最佳标题。故选D。 第二节 七选五(共 5小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 “TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend.____16____ And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected. Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare, for as the playwright Li Liweng has pointed out,“___17___ The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of a new variety of plant by a botanist. There is an evident distinction between mere talking and conversation as such. This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like. ___18___ We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night's conversation. Hence, when we do find a true conversationalist, the pleasure is equal to, if not above, that of reading a delightful author, with the additional pleasure of hearing his voice and seeing his gestures. ___19___ There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or 39 impassioned comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time. ___20___ A. There is much truth in that statement. B. Friendship fades without a sincere conversation. C. Whatever it is, conversationalist does contribute to our happiness. D. Such conversations remain among the memories that we cherish for life. E. Those who are wise seldom know how to talk, and those who talk are seldom wise. F. A similar difference may be noted between business letters and the letters of literary friends. G. Sometimes we find it at the happy reunion of old friends, or among strangers on a distant journey. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. F 19. G 20. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了与朋友交谈的益处，分析了健谈者可以带来的影响。 【16题详解】 根据上文的““TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend.(“与君一席话，胜读十年书”，这是一位中国老学者与一位朋友交谈后的评价。)”和下文的“And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected.(今天，“a night’s talk”这个短语已经成为一个流行的表达方式，用来形容和朋友在晚上愉快的谈话，无论是过去的还是预期的。)”可知，A项“那句话很有道理”是在评价上文提到的“与君一席话，胜读十年书”，下文提到的“a night’s talk”就是源自“与君一席话，胜读十年书”，故选A项。 【17题详解】 根据上文的“Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare, for as the playwright Li Liweng has pointed out(像在晚上与朋友进行一次完美的交谈这样的无上快乐是非常罕见的，因为正如剧作家李立翁所指出的那样)”和下文的“The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of a new variety of plant by a botanist.(“因此，发现一个在山间寺庙里的人，他真正了解生活，同时也了解谈话的艺术，一定是最令人愉快的事情之一，就像天文学家发现了一颗新行星或植物学家发现了一种新的植物。”)”可知，B项(没有真诚的交谈，友谊就会褪色。)承接上文，说明了真诚谈话的益处和重要性，下文指出了发现一个真正懂得谈话艺术的人是令人愉快的事情，剧作家李立翁指的就是这种与朋友交谈的快乐。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据上文的“There is an evident distinction between mere talking and conversation as such. This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like.(单纯的谈话和谈话本身有明显的区别。汉语中有“说”和“谈”的区别，这意味着在谈话中使用的语言更健谈，更悠闲，话题更琐碎，更不像商业。)”和下文的“We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night's conversation. Hence, when we do find a true conversationalist, the pleasure is equal to, if not above, that of reading a delightful author, with the additional pleasure of hearing his voice and seeing his gestures.(我们几乎可以和任何人讨论业务，但是很少有人能和我们真正进行一夜的交谈。因此，当我们找到一位真正的健谈者时，其乐趣即使不比阅读一位令人愉快的作家的作品更大，也与听到他的声音和看到他的手势的乐趣相当。)”可知，F项“在商业信函和文学朋友的信函之间也可以发现类似的区别。”承接上文，说明谈话与商业和文学朋友的来往不一样，引出下文解释它们的不同之处。故选F项。 【19题详解】 根据下文的“There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or 39 impassioned comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time.(会有关于鬼魂和狐妖的聊天，夹杂着有趣的故事或39条慷慨激昂的评论：关于国际事务，有时在我们意识到这一点之前，一个明智的观察者和健谈者可能会揭示困扰你很长时间的事情。)”可知，G项(有时，我们在老朋友的欢乐重逢中，或在长途旅行中的陌生人之间，发现这一点。)引出下文，再次举例子说明会说话的人是不一样的，故选G项。 【20题详解】 根据上文的“There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or 39 impassioned comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time.(会有关于鬼魂和狐妖的聊天，夹杂着有趣的故事或39条慷慨激昂的评论：关于国际事务，有时在我们意识到这一点之前，一个明智的观察者和健谈者可能会揭示困扰你很长时间的事情。)”可知，C项“不管是什么，健谈的人确实有助于我们的幸福”承接上文，说明了健谈的人不管说什么都会使倾听者感到愉快，故选C项。 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题1分，满分 15 分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Hey! You have a hairless spot on the back of your head! " Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock. I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.” I worked to sound ____21____. At first, the loss was minimal. ____22____ the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day. No new hair, smooth as an egg. Weeks later, the spot was a little larger and there was still no ____23____ of any hair poking through the skin. I began to ____24____ but continued to try to be cool about it. As days went by, my hair started to fall faster and more. ____25____ my fingers through it, I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands, willing this to ____26____ happening to me. We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia (脱发症) . He recommended an injection to try, which would be ____27____ to the head skin. I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain. ____28____ the injection began to trouble my sleep, and we finally had to stop the ____29____. My hair still didn’t grow back. I had to wear a wig to school every day, worried it might slip one day and that everything would ____30____ Though aware that I should ____31____ the fact to my friends, I was scared, not knowing how they would handle the information. ____32____ hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it. This was a(n) ____33____for me. I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault, and not something I should feel ____34____ of. I am learning that being bald doesn’t change who I am, and if I don’t let it affect my self ____35____then other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too. 21. A. mid B. calm C. upset D. relieved 22. A. Checking B. Polishing C. Clearing D. Covering 23. A. sense B. chance C. sign D. way 24. A. wonder B. panic C. expand D. relieve 25. A. Reaching B. Shifting C. Feeling D. Running 26. A. delay B. avoid C. cease D. keep 27. A. attached B. connected C. guided D. applied 28. A. After all B. Worse still C. In brief D. By contrast 29. A. motion B. procedure C. routine D. mission 30. A. break out B. draw to a close C. fade away D. come to light 31. A. reveal B. restrict C. distribute D. highlight 32 A. Instead B. Furthermore C. Anyway D. Thus 33. A. blow B. credit C. exception D. miracle 34. A. proud B. ashamed C. fond D. guilty 35. A. evaluation B. introduction C. acceptance D. dependence 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者深受秃顶的困扰，去看了医生也于事无补，犹豫再三，作者还是告诉了朋友实情，结果朋友都没把它当回事。这让作者意识到不要为自己感到羞耻，要接受真实的自己。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我努力使自己听起来平静。A. mild不严重的；B. calm平静的；C. upset沮丧的；D. relieved放心的。根据上文““Hey! You have a hairless spot on the back of your head!” Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock. I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.”(“嘿!你后脑勺上有一块光秃秃的地方!”妈妈惊恐的叫声像电击一样击中了我。我试图耸耸肩。“它会再长出来的。”)”可推断，作者实际是上很在乎妈妈的话，但是努力让自己听起来平静。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我的手指检查斑点成为每天的首要任务。A. Checking检查；B. Polishing抛光；C. Clearing清理；D. Covering覆盖。根据后文“No new hair, smooth as an egg. ”可判断，作者用手指检查头上掉了头发的地方。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周后，斑点变大了一些，仍然没有任何毛发从皮肤中长出来的迹象。A. sense感觉；B. chance机会；C. sign迹象；D. way方法。根据上文“the spot was a little larger”（斑点变大了一些）可知，仍然没有任何毛发从皮肤中长出来的迹象。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始恐慌起来，但还是尽量保持冷静。A. wonder想知道；B. panic恐慌；C. expand扩大；D. relieve缓解。后文提到“but continued to try to be cool about it”（但还是尽量保持冷静），后文but表示转折，可知，作者开始恐慌起来，但还是尽量保持冷静。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用手指拨弄头发，我会盯着手中数量惊人的头发发呆，希望这种情况不要再发生在我身上。A. Reaching研究；B. Shifting转换；C. Feeling感觉；D. Running奔跑；移动（某物）。根据后文“I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands”（我会盯着手中数量惊人的头发发呆）此处指作者用手指拨弄头发，手上就会有很多落发，此处run one’s fingers through the hair意为“用手指摩挲着头发”。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用手指拨弄头发，我会盯着手中数量惊人的头发发呆，希望这种情况不要再发生在我身上。A. delay延迟；B. avoid避免；C. cease终止；D. keep保持。根据前文“I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands”可知，作者的头发掉了很多，希望这种情况可以停止。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他建议尝试一种注射，将其用于头部皮肤。A. attached附上；B. connected连接；C. guided指导；D. applied应用；用。根据后文“ I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.”可知，医生建议应用头部皮肤注射。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，注射开始影响我的睡眠，我们最终不得不停止这一过程。A. After all毕竟；B. Worse still更糟的是；C. In brief简言之；D. By contrast相比之下。根据前文“I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.”后文“the injection began to trouble my sleep”可知，头发没有长回来，更糟糕的是，注射开始影响作者的睡眠。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，注射开始影响我的睡眠，我们最终不得不停止这一过程。A. motion运动；B. procedure过程；C. routine常规；D. mission任务。根据上文“I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.(我在几个月里接受了几次昂贵的注射，但都无济于事)”可知，注射影响了睡眠，所以最终不得不停止往头部皮肤注射药物这一过程。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不得不每天戴着假发去学校，担心有一天假发会掉下来，一切都会暴露出来。A. break out爆发；B. draw to a close接近尾声；C. fade away褪色；D. come to light暴露。根据上文“worried it might slip one day and that everything would”（担心有一天假发会掉下来）可知，作者担心有一天假发会掉下来，将没有头发的部分暴露出来。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我知道我应该把事实告诉我的朋友，但我很害怕，不知道他们会如何处理这个信息。A. reveal揭示；B. restrict限制；C. distribute分配；D. highlight突出。根据后文“not knowing how they would handle the information”此处指把事实揭示给朋友，应用动词reveal。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，经过几天的挣扎，我犹豫地告诉他们发生了什么。A. Instead反而；B. Furthermore此外；C. Anyway不管怎样；D. Thus因此。根据后文“hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle”可知，经过几天的挣扎，不管怎样，作者还是犹豫地告诉他们发生了什么。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是个奇迹。A. blow吹；B. credit信用；C. exception例外；D. miracle奇迹。根据上文“hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it”可知，作者一开始很担心朋友知道后的反应，结果朋友不在意这件事，所以是个奇迹。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始意识到发生的一切不是我的错，也不应该感到羞耻。A. proud骄傲的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. fond喜欢的；D. guilty内疚的。前文提到“I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault”（我开始意识到这发生的一切不是我的错），且根据倒数第二段可知，作者不敢告诉朋友，是因为觉得秃头很羞耻，但朋友们的反应让作者觉得不应该因为秃头而羞耻。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道秃顶不会改变我是谁，如果我不让它影响我的自我接受，那么其他人也更有可能接受真实的我。A. evaluation评估；B. introduction介绍；C. acceptance接受；D. dependence依赖。根据后文“other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too”（其他人也更有可能接受真实的我。）可知，作者意识到秃头不应该影响自己接受自我。故选C。 第Ⅱ卷 第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 When it comes to self-service devices, do you still think only of vending machines? What about youchang(友唱)booths? In fact, the development and ___36___ (apply) of self-service devices have become highly advanced and widespread, touching___37___ (vary) aspects of life. Tulei Maui Laaavasaan exchange student, ___38___ (impress) by the devices he encountered throughout China. ___39___ (come) from an island in the South Pacific, he was fascinated by the convenience of those innovations that integrated___40___ daily life. As a music lover since childhood, the passion led him to participatin his university's Top 10 Singers competition, ___41___ he earned an amazing result. During his five-year-stay in China, music played an___42___ (believe) role in his life that it was influential___43___ enriched every aspect of his daily routine. “I found out there are tons of these self-service facilities that make life much easier," Laavasa said. He was___44___ (continue) attracted by the creativity and convenience of these devices, therefore____45____ (assist) him to have a better understanding of the power of these devices. 【答案】36. application 37. various/varied 38. was impressed 39. Coming 40. into 41. where 42. unbelievable 43. and 44. continuously 45. assisting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述一位交换生在中国五年的生活体验，展示了自助设备在日常生活中的应用及其对人们生活的影响。这位交换生被中国自助设备的创新和便利性所吸引，尤其是音乐自助设备，这激发了他对音乐更深的热爱，并影响了他的日常生活。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，自助设备的发展和应用已经变得高度先进和广泛，涉及生活的各个方面。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做主语，and 连接两个并列成分，the development是名词，所以此处应用apply的名词形式 application。故填application。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：事实上，自助设备的发展和应用已经变得高度先进和广泛，涉及生活的各个方面。修饰名词 aspects 要用形容词，vary 的形容词形式是 various 或 varied，意为“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。 【38题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：图雷·毛伊·拉瓦萨是一名交换生，他对在中国遇到的这些设备印象深刻。分析句子结构，主语Tulei Maui Laaava与impress之间是被动关系，且句子表示的是过去发生的动作，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was impressed。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他来自南太平洋的一个岛屿，对那些融入日常生活的创新所带来的便利着迷。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，come与主语he之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式Coming。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。integrate into 为固定短语，意为“融入”，符合句意。故填into。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：作为一个从小就热爱音乐人，这种热情促使他参加了大学的“十大歌手”比赛，并取得了惊人的成绩。此处为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是competition，空白处在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在中国的五年里，音乐在他的生活中扮演了令人难以置信的角色，它有影响力并且丰富了他日常生活的方方面面。修饰名词 role 要用形容词，根据下文“enriched every aspect of his daily routine(丰富了他日常生活的方方面面)”可知，此处表示“难以置信的”，应用unbelievable。故填unbelievable。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：同上。根据上文“it was influential(它有影响力)”以及下文“enriched every aspect of his daily routine(丰富了他日常生活的方方面面)”可知，上下文之间为并列关系，使用and连接。故填and。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：他不断地被这些设备的创意和便利所吸引，因此帮助他更好地理解了这些设备的力量。修饰动词attracted要用副词，continue的副词形式是continuously。故填continuously。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填assisting。 第三节 用所给词的适当形式填空(共 15 小题;每小题 0.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 46. They are the severe thunderstorms that produce the most deadly and d_______ tornadoes.（根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】destructive##estructive 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：它们是产生最致命和破坏性最强的龙卷风的强烈雷暴。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作定语，使用形容词。根据下文“tornadoes(龙卷风)”可推理出空白处应填表示“破坏性的”含义的形容词，根据首字母提示，以字母d开头且表示“破坏性的”含义的形容词为：destructive，故填destructive。 47. It has been c_______that the conference will take place next week. We have to make all the arrangements this weekend. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】confirmed##onfirmed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：已经确定会议将于下周举行。我们必须在这个周末做好所有安排。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作谓语，使用动词。根据下文“We have to make all the arrangements this weekend(我们必须在这个周末做好所有安排)”可推理出空白处应填表示“确定；证实”含义的动词，根据首字母提示，以字母c开头且表示“确定；证实”含义的动词为：confirm，结合has been可知，此处为现在完成时的被动语态，应填过去分词 confirmed，故填confirmed。 48. Since science is difficult for kids to understand is there any program making science more a_______to them? （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】accessible##ccessible 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：既然科学对孩子来说很难理解，有没有什么节目能让他们更容易理解科学呢？根据单词首字母以及句子意思的需要，应填形容词accessible(容易理解的)，它在句中作宾语补足语，accessible to sb意思是“对某人可接近、可达到、可进入、可理解”。故填accessible。 49. His powerful and soulful singing helped e_______him as one of the greatest rhythm and blues performers of all time. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】establish##stablish 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：他有力而深情的歌声使他成为有史以来最伟大的节奏布鲁斯表演者之一。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作helped的宾语，前面省略了不定式符号to，使用动词原形。根据下文“as one of the greatest rhythm and blues performers of all time(成为有史以来最伟大的节奏布鲁斯表演者之一)”可推理出空白处应填表示“确立；使被认可”含义的动词，根据首字母提示，以字母 e 开头且表示“确立；使被认可”含义的动词为：establish，故填establish。 50. It is a good idea to place your order well in advance as d_______can take weeks rather than days during Double 11. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】delivery ##elivery  【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：提前下单是个好主意，因为在双11期间，交货时间可能需要几周而不是几天。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词delivery ，作主语。故填delivery。 51. There is s_______evidence to show that plastic bags have caused white pollution to thenvironment. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】sufficient##ufficient 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有充分的证据表明塑料袋已经对环境造成了白色污染。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作定语，使用形容词。根据下文“to show that plastic bags have caused white pollution to the environment(表明塑料袋已经对环境造成了白色污染)”可推理出空白处应填表示“充分的”含义的形容词，根据首字母提示，以字母s开头且表示“充分的”含义的形容词为：sufficient，故填sufficient。 52. The author has just written a book, nicely i________（根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】 illustrated##llustrated 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：作者刚刚写了一本书，图文并茂。此空表“有插图的”，应填illustrated，为形容词，在这里作状语。故填illustrated。 53. Obama is not only a black man, he is also a national p_______with pictures and not too technical. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】phenomenon##henomenon 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：奥巴马不仅是一个黑人，他还是一位国民现象级人物，他的形象十分亲民，不矫揉造作。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作表语，使用名词。根据上文“Obama is not only a black man(奥巴马不仅是个黑人)”可推理出空白处应填表示“现象”含义的名词，根据首字母提示，以字母p开头且表示“现象”含义的名词为：phenomenon，故填phenomenon。 54. I closed my eyes at his c_______.（根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】command##ommand 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我顺从他的命令，闭上了眼睛。根据单词首字母以及句子意思的需要，应填名词command(命令)，它在句中为不可数名词，at one’s command意为“顺从……的命令”，故填command。 55. The damage was far more serious than i_______believed. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】initially##nitially 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：损害远比最初认为的要严重得多。空白处在句中作状语，使用副词。根据下文“believed(认为)”可推理出空白处应填表示“最初”含义的副词，根据首字母提示，以字母i开头且表示“最初”含义的副词为：initially，故填initially。 56. She's very a_______but I doubt she’ll ever make it to the top. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】ambitious##mbitious 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她很有野心，但我怀疑她永远不会成功。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作表语，需用形容词。根据下文“but I doubt she’ll ever make it to the top(我怀疑她永远不会成功)”以及首字母提示，可推测空白处应填表示“有雄心的”含义的形容词，以字母a开头且表示“有雄心的”含义的形容词为：ambitious，故填ambitious。 57. He was an a_______singer until the age of 40, when he turned professional(根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】amateur##mateur 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他40岁以前一直是个业余歌手，后来才转为职业歌手。分析句子结构，空白处在句中作定语，使用形容词。根据下文“until the age of 40, when he turned professional(直到40岁才转为职业歌手)”可推理出空白处应填表示“业余的”含义的形容词，根据首字母提示，以字母 a 开头且表示“业余的”含义的形容词为：amateur，故填amateur。 58. You should have considered the c_______before doing it. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】consequences##onsequences 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：你做这件事之前应该考虑一下后果。根据单词首字母以及句子意思的需要，应填名词consequence(后果)，它是可数名词，前面没有表示单数意义的限定词，则它需要变复数，故填consequences。 59. Her p_______to sales manager took everyone by surprise. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】promotion##romotion 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她晋升为销售经理让每个人都感到惊讶。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作主语，使用名词。根据下文“took everyone by surprise(让每个人都感到惊讶)”可推理出空白处应填表示“晋升”含义的名词，根据首字母提示，以字母p开头且表示“晋升”含义的名词为：promotion，故填promotion。 60. Twenty students were chosen at r_______to take part in the experiment. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】random##andom 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：随机抽取20名学生参加实验。固定短语at random意为“随机地”，故填random。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节(满分 15 分) 61. 假如你是李华，你校学生会将举行“给你一朵小红花”活动。请你给校摄影社团的Larry 写一封邮件，邀请他一起参加。内容包括： 1.活动的目的； 2.活动安排和内容； 3.Larry 的任务。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear Larry, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Larry, Our school’s student union is to hold the “Give You a Little Red Flower” event and we’d like to invite you to join us. The purpose of this event is to recognize and appreciate outstanding contributions from students and faculty members alike.The event will take place next Monday in the school auditorium from 2:00 PM to 4:00 PM. It will include performances put on by the dance club, as well as a short speech made by our principal. As part of the photography club, your task is to capture the event’s essence. Your photos will make it unforgettable. Please let us know at your earliest convenience if you can participate. Best regards, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本书面表达是一篇应用文写作。要求考生给校摄影社团的Larry 写一封邮件邀请他参加学生会即将举行的“给你一朵小红花”活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：hold→host 目的：purpose→aim/goal 难忘的：unforgettable→memorable 参加：participate→take part 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：The event will take place next Monday in the school auditorium from 2:00 PM to 4:00 PM. It will include performances put on by the dance club, as well as a short speech made by our principal. 拓展句：The event will take place next Monday in the school auditorium from 2:00 PM to 4:00 PM, which will include performances put on by the dance club, as well as a short speech made by our principal. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Please let us know at your earliest convenience if you can participate.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 【高分句型2】It will include performances put on by the dance club, as well as a short speech made by our principal. (运用了过去分词作后置定语) 第二节(满分 20分) 62. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Ballet was a way of life in Kelly’s family. Her elder sister Serena was now dancing at a college. Though Kelly’s mom always wanted her to follow in her sister’s footsteps and Kelly herself was good at ballet, her love for ballet had faded years before, and she was eager for a new challenge. One day at school, as Kelly left the dance studio, she walked past the gym, fascinated by boxers training inside the boxing ring (拳击赛场). She was deeply impressed by how hard they hit and how fast they moved. In fact, she’d long been attracted to boxing. She pulled a piece of paper from her backpack. On the familiar Oakwood High School Club Sign-up Sheet was the phrase: BOXING CLUB TRYOUT (选拔). That was what Kelly really wanted to do. She knew her mom had high expectations for her when it came to ballet. Tired of trying to keep with her sister, Kelly was ready to carve (开辟) her own path. The next day, she gathered her courage and told Serena about her new passion. At first, Serena didn’t understand and thought she was just joking. But when she saw Kelly was serious, she replied, “You know Mom wants you to be a ballet dancer, right? Besides, boxing is only for boys, and you’re so good at ballet. Lean into your strength, Kelly.” “But this is where I want to put my strength,” Kelly insisted, “and what exactly does ‘only for boys’ mean, anyway? Boxing is a sport for everyone!” Gradually, touched by her determination and passion, Serena began to understand and support her. Kelly could feel it. Her sister was going to respect her decision, no matter what. But that was nothing compared to the preparations for the tryout, where she was required to show her footwork (步法) and punching (击打) abilities with other candidates (候选人). Boxing didn’t come natural to Kelly, but she had made úp her mind to stick with her choice. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para l: Then Kelly began her training for the tryout, keeping it a secret from her mom. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2: The following Monday, results of the boxing tryout were posted. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Para l: Then Kelly began her training, keeping it a secret from her mom. Every day after school, Kelly dashed to the boxing gym, occupying herself with the intense training. Even when she was made fun of by boys in the gym, she bit her lip tightly and continued her training. Finally, the tryout came. Extremely nervous though, she stepped into the boxing ring, moved fast and punched hard to the surprise of other candidates. After the tryout, Kelly left the gym confidently, knowing she did her best. Para 2: The following Monday, results of the boxing tryout were posted. To her delight, Kelly found her name on the list. At dinner that day, Kelly gathered her courage and said to her mom, “I'm sorry, Mom. I've made the boxing team and I'm ready to carve my own path.” At first, a flicker of disbelief and shock crossed her mom's face, but after a long, heart-to-heart talk, she gave Kelly a bear hug and whispered softly, “I'm so proud of you for being yourself. ” 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Kelly的家人希望她像姐姐一样发挥自己的特长学习芭蕾，但是她自己却爱好上拳击。开始受到家人的反对，但很快得到姐姐的支持，然后偷偷参加拳击选拔，坚持自己的选择。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“然后Kelly开始了选拔赛的训练，并对她妈妈保密。”可知，第一段可描写Kelly瞒着妈妈接受拳击训练并参加选拔赛的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容 “接下来的星期一，拳击选拔赛的结果出来了。”可知，第二段可描写Kelly用选拔赛的结果说服妈妈，得到妈妈的同意。 2.续写线索：坚持学习拳击——练习拳击——参加选拔赛——查看结果被选中——说服妈妈——妈妈同意 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.急速去：dash to/rush to ②.嘲笑：make fun of/laugh at ③.感到骄傲：be proud of/take a pride in 情绪类 ①.紧张：showing one’s nervousness / nervous ②.自信地：confidently / with confidence 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Even when she was made fun of by boys in the gym, she bit her lip tightly and continued her training.（由连接词when引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型2]. After the tryout, Kelly left the gym confidently, knowing she did her best.（由现在分词作状语和省略that的宾语从句） [高分句型3]. Every day after school, Kelly dashed to the boxing gym, occupying herself with the intense training.（现在分词作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2023-2024学年度第二学期高一年级英语期末试卷 第I卷 考试时间为120分钟，满分150分 第二部分:阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共 15 小题:每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题上将该项涂黑 A The Public Transport Fares in New York On our website, you can find out how much it costs to ride the subway, bus, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North in the New York area. ★ Subways and buses ●Fare for most riders on subways and local, limited, and Select Bus Service buses:$2.85. ●Express buses cost $6.85. More information about subway and bus fares ●Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare. ●An unlimited ride MetroCard can save you money. It gives you unlimited rides for a certain length of time. ●MetroCards cost $1. All cards except for the Single Ride card are refillable (可充值的). ●Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult. ●You pay the fare at turnstiles (旋转闸门) before you aboard the train. You don’t have to do anything afterwards. ★ Railroads: LIRR (Long Island Rail Road) and Metro-North ●Fares vary based on when and where you are travelling ●Buying tickets on your phone is the most convenient option. More information about railroad fares ●Peak (高峰的) fares are charged during business rush hours on any weekday train scheduled to arrive in New York City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. or depart New York City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m. ●Off-peak fares are charged at all other times on weekdays all day on Saturday and Sunday, and on holidays. ●Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours. 1. How much might a subway trip cost a 68-year-old man with two children under 44 inches tall? A. $2.35. B. $2.85. C. $5.70. D. $6.85. 2. For what train trip are peak fares charged? A. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 10 pm. B. A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 7 am. C. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 9 pm. D. A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 8:30 am. 3. Why should people read the trip planner? A. To know special offers. B. To leave your advice. C. To check fare information. D. To book a train ticket. B At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy, my teacher told me plainly: “Now I will teach you how to write your name. And to make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch. I was curious. Growing up in Singapore, I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name. My parents are ethnically Chinese, so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name, aiming for maximum luck. As a result, I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name: Chen Yiwen, meaning, roughly, “old”, “barley (薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18, I put on an American accent and abandoned my Chinese name. When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021, after 14 years in the States, I decided to learn calligraphy. Why not get back in touch with my heritage? I thought. In calligraphy, the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques, thereby refining your own. Every week, though, my teacher would give uncomfortably on-the-nose assessments of my person. “You need to be braver,” he once observed. “Have confidence. Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years, I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence, but my writing betrayed me. I was trying to make sense of this practice. You must visualize the word as it is to be written and leave a trace of yourself in it. As a bodily practice, calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural restrictions. Could it help me go beyond mine? My teacher once said to me, “When you look at the word, you see the body. Though a word on the page is two-dimensional, it contains multitudes, conveying the force you’ve applied, the energy of your grip, the arch of your spine.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots, but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. Now I have sensed that the pleasure out of calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson, my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished, telling me: “This word is much better. I can see the choices you made, your calculations, your flow. Trust yourself. This word is yours.” He might as well have said, “This word is you.” 4. What did the author initially think of her name “Chen Yiwen”? A. It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B. She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C. She understood the intention but still disliked it. D. Its strange pronunciation made her embarrassed. 5. The author decided to learn calligraphy to ______. A. pick up a new hobby B. reconnect with her origin C. gain insights into a new culture D. fit in with local community 6. From the teacher’s words, the author learns that calligraphy ______. A. reflects the creator’s spirits B. comes from creative energy C. highlights the design of strokes D. depends on continuous practice 7. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Appreciate what our culture offers. B. Find beauty from your inner self. C. A great teacher leads you to truth. D. We are the sum of what we create. C Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space. This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling. This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming.Ozone(臭氧)levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer tree covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling. We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth. 8. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may__________. A. result in a warming climate B. cause the forest fires to occur more frequently C. lead to a longer fire season D. protect the forests and the environment there 9. The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere B. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase C. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space D. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun 10. Earlier studies about northern forest fires A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate B. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere C. suggest that people should take measures to protect the environment D. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming 11. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may A. warm the climate as the supposition goes B. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate C. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice D. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy D Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator, like Midjourney or DALL-E, to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意的) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorized image scraping. The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 12. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. facilitating B. collecting C. damaging D. polishing 13. According to the passage, what may adding poisoned data lead to? A. increasing the accuracy of returned information B. causing users to forget the prompt key words C affecting the training of generative AI D. discriminating against great masterpieces 14. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights. B. Computer scientists has learned to respect the copyright of most artists. C. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognize faces. D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers’ interest. 15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves B. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists C. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training D. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists 第二节 七选五(共 5小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 “TALKING with you for one night is better than studying books for ten years” this was the comment of an old Chinese scholar after he had had a conversation with a friend.____16____ And today the phrase “a night’s talk” has become a current expression for a happy conversation with a friend at night, either past or expected. Such a supreme pleasure as having a perfect conversation with a friend at night is necessarily rare, for as the playwright Li Liweng has pointed out,“___17___ The discovery of a man up in a mountain temple, who really understands life and at the same time understands the art of conversation, must therefore be one of the keenest pleasures, like the discovery of a new planet by an astronomer or of a new variety of plant by a botanist. There is an evident distinction between mere talking and conversation as such. This distinction is made in the Chinese language between shuohua (speaking) and tanhua (conversation), which implies that in conversation the language used is more chatty and leisurely and the topics more trivial and less business like. ___18___ We can discuss business with almost any person, but there are very few people with whom we can truly hold a night's conversation. Hence, when we do find a true conversationalist, the pleasure is equal to, if not above, that of reading a delightful author, with the additional pleasure of hearing his voice and seeing his gestures. ___19___ There will be chats about ghosts and fox spirits, mixed with amusing tales or 39 impassioned comments: on international affairs, and sometimes before we know it, a wise observer and conversationalist may shed light on things that have bothered you for a long time. ___20___ A. There is much truth in that statement. B. Friendship fades without a sincere conversation. C. Whatever it is, conversationalist does contribute to our happiness. D. Such conversations remain among the memories that we cherish for life. E. Those who are wise seldom know how to talk, and those who talk are seldom wise. F. A similar difference may be noted between business letters and the letters of literary friends. G. Sometimes we find it at the happy reunion of old friends, or among strangers on a distant journey. 第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题1分，满分 15 分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Hey! You have a hairless spot on the back of your head! " Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.” I worked to sound ____21____. At first, the loss was minimal. ____22____ the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day. No new hair, smooth as an egg. Weeks later, the spot was a little larger and there was still no ____23____ of any hair poking through the skin. I began to ____24____ but continued to try to be cool about it. As days went by, my hair started to fall faster and more. ____25____ my fingers through it, I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands, willing this to ____26____ happening to me. We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia (脱发症) . He recommended an injection to try, which would be ____27____ to the head skin. I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain. ____28____ the injection began to trouble my sleep, and we finally had to stop the ____29____. My hair still didn’t grow back. I had to wear a wig to school every day, worried it might slip one day and that everything would ____30____ Though aware that I should ____31____ the fact to my friends, I was scared, not knowing how they would handle the information. ____32____ hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it. This was a(n) ____33____for me. I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault, and not something I should feel ____34____ of. I am learning that being bald doesn’t change who I am, and if I don’t let it affect my self ____35____then other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too. 21. A. mid B. calm C. upset D. relieved 22. A. Checking B. Polishing C. Clearing D. Covering 23. A. sense B. chance C. sign D. way 24. A. wonder B. panic C. expand D. relieve 25. A. Reaching B. Shifting C. Feeling D. Running 26. A. delay B. avoid C. cease D. keep 27. A. attached B. connected C. guided D. applied 28. A. After all B. Worse still C. In brief D. By contrast 29. A. motion B. procedure C. routine D. mission 30. A. break out B. draw to a close C. fade away D. come to light 31. A. reveal B. restrict C. distribute D. highlight 32. A. Instead B. Furthermore C. Anyway D. Thus 33. A. blow B. credit C. exception D. miracle 34. A. proud B. ashamed C. fond D. guilty 35. A. evaluation B. introduction C. acceptance D. dependence 第Ⅱ卷 第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 When it comes to self-service devices, do you still think only of vending machines? What about youchang(友唱)booths? In fact, the development and ___36___ (apply) of self-service devices have become highly advanced and widespread, touching___37___ (vary) aspects of life. Tulei Maui Laaavasaan exchange student, ___38___ (impress) by the devices he encountered throughout China. ___39___ (come) from an island in the South Pacific, he was fascinated by the convenience of those innovations that integrated___40___ daily life. As a music lover since childhood, the passion led him to participatin his university's Top 10 Singers competition, ___41___ he earned an amazing result. During his five-year-stay in China, music played an___42___ (believe) role in his life that it was influential___43___ enriched every aspect of his daily routine. “I found out there are tons of these self-service facilities that make life much easier," Laavasa said. He was___44___ (continue) attracted by the creativity and convenience of these devices, therefore____45____ (assist) him to have a better understanding of the power of these devices. 第三节 用所给词的适当形式填空(共 15 小题;每小题 0.5 分，满分 7.5 分) 46. They are the severe thunderstorms that produce the most deadly and d_______ tornadoes.（根据首字母单词拼写） 47. It has been c_______that the conference will take place next week. We have to make all the arrangements this weekend. （根据首字母单词拼写） 48. Since science is difficult for kids to understand, is there any program making science more a_______to them? （根据首字母单词拼写） 49. His powerful and soulful singing helped e_______him as one of the greatest rhythm and blues performers of all time. （根据首字母单词拼写） 50. It is a good idea to place your order well in advance as d_______can take weeks rather than days during Double 11. （根据首字母单词拼写） 51. There is s_______evidence to show that plastic bags have caused white pollution to thenvironment. （根据首字母单词拼写） 52. The author has just written a book, nicely i________（根据首字母单词拼写） 53. Obama is not only a black man, he is also a national p_______with pictures and not too technical. (根据首字母单词拼写) 54. I closed my eyes at his c_______.（根据首字母单词拼写） 55. The damage was far more serious than i_______believed. (根据首字母单词拼写) 56. She's very a_______but I doubt she’ll ever make it to the top. （根据首字母单词拼写） 57. He was an a_______singer until the age of 40, when he turned professional(根据首字母单词拼写) 58. You should have considered the c_______before doing it. （根据首字母单词拼写） 59. Her p_______to sales manager took everyone by surprise. (根据首字母单词拼写) 60. Twenty students were chosen at r_______to take part in the experiment. （根据首字母单词拼写） 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节(满分 15 分) 61. 假如你是李华，你校学生会将举行“给你一朵小红花”活动。请你给校摄影社团的Larry 写一封邮件，邀请他一起参加。内容包括： 1.活动的目的； 2.活动安排和内容； 3.Larry 的任务。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear Larry, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Hua 第二节(满分 20分) 62. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Ballet was a way of life in Kelly’s family. Her elder sister Serena was now dancing at a college. Though Kelly’s mom always wanted her to follow in her sister’s footsteps and Kelly herself was good at ballet her love for ballet had faded years before, and she was eager for a new challenge. One day at school, as Kelly left the dance studio, she walked past the gym, fascinated by boxers training inside the boxing ring (拳击赛场). She was deeply impressed by how hard they hit and how fast they moved. In fact, she’d long been attracted to boxing. She pulled a piece of paper from her backpack. On the familiar Oakwood High School Club Sign-up Sheet was the phrase: BOXING CLUB TRYOUT (选拔). That was what Kelly really wanted to do. She knew her mom had high expectations for her when it came to ballet. Tired of trying to keep with her sister, Kelly was ready to carve (开辟) her own path. The next day, she gathered her courage and told Serena about her new passion. At first, Serena didn’t understand and thought she was just joking. But when she saw Kelly was serious, she replied, “You know Mom wants you to be a ballet dancer, right? Besides, boxing is only for boys, and you’re so good at ballet. Lean into your strength, Kelly.” “But this is where I want to put my strength,” Kelly insisted, “and what exactly does ‘only for boys’ mean, anyway? Boxing is a sport for everyone!” Gradually, touched by her determination and passion, Serena began to understand and support her. Kelly could feel it. Her sister was going to respect her decision, no matter what. But that was nothing compared to the preparations for the tryout, where she was required to show her footwork (步法) and punching (击打) abilities with other candidates (候选人). Boxing didn’t come natural to Kelly, but she had made úp her mind to stick with her choice. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para l: Then Kelly began her training for the tryout, keeping it a secret from her mom. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para 2: The following Monday, results of the boxing tryout were posted. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $