专题14 阅读理解C篇（2024年新课标II卷） (专家评价+三年真题+满分策略+多维变式)-2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升

《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》 专题14 阅读理解C篇（新课标II卷）原卷版 (答案解析+专家评价+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式) 目录 一、原题呈现 P1 二、答案解析 P2 三、专家评价 P2 四、题源网站 P3 五、词汇变式 P5 (一)考纲词汇词形转换 P5 (二)考纲词汇识词知意 P5 (三)高频短语厚积薄发 P5 (四)核心考点单句填空 P6 (五)难点突破 P6 (六)长难句分析 P7 六、三年真题 P7 (一)2023年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇 P7 (二)2022年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇 P8 (三)2021年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇 P9 七、满分策略 P10 八、话题变式 P12 变式一：高考阅读理解健康食品话题真题6篇 P12 变式二：环保种植有机食品话题名校好题8篇 P18 ( 一、 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解C篇关键词: 说明文；人与自然；巴比伦微农场；有机环保食品；环保意识；环保种植 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. ( 二、答案解析 ) ( 三、专家评价 ) 坚持提倡五育并举，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展 高考英语命题通过选取有关体育、美育和劳动教育的语篇，引导学生坚持五育并举，实现身心健康成长和德智体美劳全面发展。试卷阅读A篇介绍了卡洛秋季徒步节的健身徒步活动，引导学生走近大自然，开展体育运动，文中提及多项注意事项，于潜移默化之中强调了运动安全的重要性。阅读B篇介绍了旧金山湾区快速交通系统（BART）为了提升乘客体验而推出的一个短篇小说打印亭项目，引导学生在电子设备盛行的当今不要忘记还有纸质阅读这一阅读方式可供选择，也强调了利用零散时间来进行阅读和学习的好习惯。阅读C篇讲述巴比伦微型农场通过室内自动化种植系统极大地缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离，并实现了自动化管理和零排放的环保种植。阅读D篇介绍了Catriona Campbell的新书《AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence》，引导学生思考人类与人工智能共存的未来，强调了全球监管人工智能研究和使用的重要性问题。这两篇难度较大的文章都从科技发展视角引导学生思考科技如何更好地服务于人类以及人类理性使用科技的问题。在美育方面，试题的写作第一节应用文写作任务中，设置情境为在公园上的一节美术课，引导学生回归自然之美，到自然中寻求人类艺术创作不竭的灵感源泉。这些文本都释放了强烈的信号，引导学生实现德智体美劳全面发展。 【中国考试·教育部教育考试院】 ( 四、题源网站 ) 原文出处： https://inhabitat.com/these-micro-farms-put-a-new-spin-to-farm-to-table/ ( 五、考点变式 ) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、考纲词汇词形转换 1. short adj.短的 →___________ v （使）变短 2. additional adj. 额外的→___________ adv [句子副词] 此外 3. innovation n.创新 →___________ adj 创新的 4. rely vt. 依赖 →___________ adj 可靠的 5. specific adj.具体的 →___________ adv[句子副词] 确切地说 6. remote adj.遥远的 → ___________ adv 远程地 7. sustainable adj.可持续的→___________ n可持续性 8. available adj. 可得到的→___________ n 可用性 9. simple adj. 简单的 →___________ adv. 仅仅 10. pollute vt 污染 →___________ n. 污染物 11. surround vt. 包围 →___________ adj. 周围的 12. technology adj.技术 →___________ adj. 技术的 13. strong adj. 坚强的 →___________ n. 优势 二、考纲词汇识词知意 1. produce n. ___________ 2. cover v ___________ 3. solid adj ___________ 4. pre-seeded adj. ___________ 5. monitor v ___________ 6. real-time n ___________ 7. automated adj ___________ 8. moreover adv ___________ 9. single-use adj ___________ 10. day-to-day adj. ___________ 11. guarantee vt. ___________ 三、高频短语厚积薄发 1. when it comes to___________ 2. go through ___________ 3. zero emissions ___________ 4. in addition ___________ 5. There is no need for sb to do sth. ___________ 6. fresh greens ___________ 7. live out ___________ 8. be passionate about ___________ 9. be fond of ___________ 10. be devoted to ___________ 四、核心考点单句填空 1. We all know fresh is best when it comes __________ food. 2.__________, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and __________(cover) __________(hundred) of miles before reaching the table. 3. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice __________(reduce) the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) __________(shorten) it even more. 4. BMF is __________ indoor garden system. It can __________(set) up for a family. 5. __________(additional), it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. 6. The __________(innovation) design requires little effort to achieve a __________(rely) weekly supply of fresh greens. 7. __________(specific), it’s a farm __________ relies on new technology. 8. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is __________(remote) monitored. 9. Also, there is a convenient app that __________(provide) growing data in real time. 10. Because the system is automated, it __________(significant) reduces the amount of water __________(need) to grow plants. 11. Rather than watering __________(row) of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. 12. After harvest, users __________(simple) replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle __________(start). 13. Moreover, having a system in the same building __________ it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants __________ soil to salad. 14. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals __________ pollute traditional farms and the __________(surround) environment. 15. BMF employees live out __________(sustainable) in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. 16. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste __________(reduce) by limiting garbage cans and __________(avoid) single-use plastic. 17. “We are __________(passion) about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF __________(employ). 五、长难句分析 Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. 【翻译】 【分析】此外，在同一楼内的这一系统（从 种植到食用）意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。having a system in the same building 为动名词短语作主语，where it’s eaten 引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，means 为句子谓语。 六、全文翻译 我们都知道食物新鲜是最好的。然而，商店里的大多数产品在到达餐桌之前都要经过数周的旅行和数百英里的运输。尽管农民市场是减少这种旅行的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了这个距离。 BMF是一种室内花园系统。它可以为家庭设置。此外，它还可以为更大的受众服务，如医院、餐馆或学校。这种创新的设计几乎不需要什么努力就能实现可靠的每周新鲜绿叶蔬菜供应。 具体来说，它是一个依赖新技术的农场。通过云连接，BMF可以远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序，提供实时生长数据。由于系统是自动化的，它显著减少了种植植物所需的水量。系统不是灌溉整排土壤，而是为每株植物提供恰到好处的水量。收获后，用户只需用新的预播种容器替换植物，就可以开始下一个生长周期。 此外，在食用植物的同一建筑内拥有系统意味着从土壤到沙拉的运输过程中零排放。 此外，也不需要使用农药和其他污染传统农场及其周围环境的化学物质。 BMF的员工在日常生活中实践可持续性。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室内，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量和避免使用一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少废物。"我们热衷于减少我们环境中的废物、碳和化学物质，"一位BMF员工说。 ( 六、三年真题 ) 【2023年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇】 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 8. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 9. What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. 10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. 【2022年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇】 Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene. 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 31. What is a suitable title for the text? A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers. D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer. 【2021年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇】 A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.” The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children. Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools." Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries." 28. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money? A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools. C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians. 29. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools? A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income. C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention. 30. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama? A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills. C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher ( 七、满分策略 ) 阅读理解说明文满分策略 一、细读文章重点 关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。 二、明确说明对象 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。 三、弄清说明顺序 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 四、把握作者态度 说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者态度和写作情感。 五、吃透长难句子 学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。 六、学会适当放弃 无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。 说明文阅读试题的特点有哪些？ 1.话题较陌生。 这些文章从专业的角度解释说明一个现象或一项研究结果，和考生的实际生活有一定的距离。 2.专业术语多。 高考说明文含有一定量的专业术语。2019年北京高考卷D篇就包含多个专业术语：marine microorganism，concentration，give off oxygen，nutrients，make conditions riper，food chain，phytoplankton，carbon dioxide，regulate，climate model，food web，statistically。这些和生物、环境等相关的词汇，如海底微生物、浓度、释放氧气、营养物质、食物链等，都是日常生活交流中不常涉及的。 3.长难句子多。 因为文章直接取材于期刊文章或者研究报告，所以说明文的另外一个特点是长难句子多。如2017年北京高考卷C篇的句子：This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. 这句话主干是一个简短的主系表结构，但后边附加了which引导的非限定性定语从句，而这个从句中又包含一个who引导的限定性定语从句，后面的介词短语中也包含了who引导的限定性定语从句。在有限的考试时间内，复杂的句子结构给考生准确理解句意带来了困难。 4.词汇有新义。 每一篇说明文中都会包含一些考生熟悉的词汇，但在新的语境中它们变换了含义。2019年北京高考卷有句话中包含一个简单的词语project：Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. project被大家熟知的意思是“项目”，但在这句话中变成了动词，表示“预测，推想”。如果考生对project的理解还停留在“项目”上，就不能很好地理解句意了。 阅读理解说明文答题策略 1.把握介绍或阐述的主体。 通过文章第一段迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。英语文章，尤其是说明文和议论文，最大的特点就是开门见山，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或表达的观点铺平直叙出来。 2. 关注每一段的段首句。 关注每一段的段首句，确认段落的主旨大意。就像文章的开篇段落告诉读者文章的主旨大意一样，第一段落的第一句话通常也起到同样的作用。 3.关注每一段的段尾句。 前两项策略已经被大多数考生广泛应用在阅读中。但除了关注篇首段落和段首句子之外，也不能忽视段尾句。一个段落由三个部分组成：topic sentence（主旨句），supporting details （支撑细节），和concluding sentence（总结句）。在段落结尾，作者会用不同的表达方式重申主旨句，但从篇章整体来看，在每个段落结尾出现的句子还起到承上启下的作用，作者会借助这个句子引出下文。 4.关注文章中出现的问题。 说明文的本质是对一个事物进行阐述，但在平铺直叙的语言中，还会有问句出现。这些问句不仅仅是简单的疑问句，而是作者有意为之，答案就出现在后文。 阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息： A. 说明的对象 B. 说明对象的特征 C. 说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法） ①例证法 这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。通常在主题句后,用 For example 或 For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。 ②定义法 下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。 ③分类法： 分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。 ④因果关系法 事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括由果推因(由结果去推测原因)和由因推果(由原因去推测结果)两种情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系。 ⑤比较对照法： 有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点,这种写法叫做比较;指出其不同点,叫做对照。比较和对照各有不同的侧重,但两种方法经常结合使用。 ⑥过程分析法 过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是What happens;因果关系研究的对象是Why it happens,而过程分析研究的对象是How it happens。 ( 八、话题变式 ) 变式一：高考阅读理解健康食品话题真题 （2023·全国·高考真题） A growing body of research suggests that the gut microbiome (消化道菌群) could play a major role in a rising chronic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms. It often follows a viral infection which can lead to a “disruption” in a balanced gut ecosystem. Actually, an increasing number of Americans have been the sufferers since the outbreak of COVID-19. Two recent studies published in Cell Host &Microbe point to changes in the microbiome as a possible cause of CFS. Research groups at Columbia University and the Jackson Laboratory performed detailed analyses of the microbes in stool (粪便) samples from patients with CFS and compared them to healthy controls. The two groups found similar bacteria species were less present in CFS patients compared to control patients. They focused on bacteria that produce butyrate, a fatty acid involved in regulating metabolism and the immune system. “Butyrate plays several roles in directing the body’s response to infections, while also protecting the barrier between the intestine (肠) and the circulatory system, regulating genetic changes in cells, and more,” says Brent Williams, lead author on the Columbia study. Williams and his colleagues extensively analyzed the role of butyrate in CFS patients’ guts, even identifying a correlation between low levels of bacteria that produce this acid and more severe symptoms. Parallel findings from the Jackson Laboratory team suggest the bacteria that produce butyrate could be used to diagnose CFS. Previous research has identified microbiome issues in CFS patients, but the new findings help clarify which microbes could be related to the illness. More research on butyrate-producing bacteria and other species identified in the studies is necessary to investigate these potential biomarkers of CFS, the authors say. If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria could be used to diagnose the illness, which is currently identified based on symptoms alone. The findings additionally point toward possible treatments, such as probiotics or microbiome-focused diet adjustments—though patients who have been sick for long periods may require drugs that alleviate the damage done to their metabolism or immune system. 1. What do we know about CFS? A. It is caused by COVID-19 only. B. It is an illness with systemic symptoms. C. It breaks the balance of the gut ecosystem. D. The number of the infected is on the decrease. 2. How did the researcher carry out the recent studies? A. By controlling data. B. By identifying genes. C. By analyzing samples. D. By comparing symptoms. 3. Which of the following is NOT the significance of the recent researches? A. Butyrate’s multiple functions are promoted. B. Targeted gut microbes may be used to diagnose CFS. C. Certain microbes responsible for CFS are narrowed down. D. Probiotics supplement with drugs can be a treatment for CFS. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Gut microbiome may be the key to CFS. B. Microbes help digest food and aid absorption. C. Man’s gut is a rich, diverse tropical rainforest. D. New method for diagnosing CFS are provided. （2023·全国·高考真题） On the day he almost died, Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This was something Musk thought about a lot- how he might make a difference to the food industry—but beyond expanding his farm-to-table movement along with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope (坡) and fell over, breaking his neck. The left side of his body was paralyzed. Musk eventually made a full recovery, but it involved spending two months on his back, which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America; attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high-tech, data-driven, year-round farms; and this year, is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at-home gardens. Aimed at reaching low- income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before,” says Musk. “People were looking to garden for a bunch of reasons: to supplement their budget, to improve the nutritional quality of their diets, or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.” The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors, and will be distributed through schools that Musk's non-profit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “I grew up in the projects when I was young, in what we now call food deserts,” says EVE, one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.” 5. What inspired Musk to be devoted to food industry? A. An accident. B. Jamie Oliver’s speech. C. The pandemic. D. The farm-to-table movement. 6. What can we learn about the Million Gardens Movement? A. It has mainly attracted young generations. B. It has just accomplished its target. C. It may be stimulated by a lack of food security. D. It increases economic burdens for the poor. 7. Which of the following best describes Musk? A. Charitable. B. Honest. C. Flexible. D. Strict. 8. Why is EVE taken as an example? A. To demonstrate the program to be non-profit. B. To share his experience in a food desert. C. To encourage people to start a free garden. D. To clarify the reason why he loves a garden. （2023·全国·高考真题） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 9. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 10. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 11. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 12. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 04（2023·全国·高考真题） What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 13. What do people usually think of British food? A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation. 14. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 15. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 16. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 05（2022·全国·高考真题） Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D. C. , which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 17. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 18. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 19. What does Curtin’s company do? A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food. 20. What does Curtin suggest people do? A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often. 06（2020·全国·高考真题） According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? 21. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 22. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 23. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 24. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 变式二：环保种植有机食品话题名校好题 01（2024·重庆·三模） Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable. Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its carbon footprint remains understudied. Most previously published studies have focused on high-tech, energy-intensive forms of urban agriculture —such as vertical (垂直的) farms and rooftop greenhouses. The new study aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps by comparing the carbon footprints of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to conventional crops. The researchers calculated the greenhouse gas emissions (排放) associated with on-farm materials and activities over the lifetime of the farm. The emissions, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving of food, were then compared to foods raised by conventional methods. Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were employed to use daily diary entries to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-growing sites throughout the 2019 season. “By assessing actual inputs and outputs on urban agriculture sites, we were able to determine climate change impacts to each serving of produce,” says study co-lead author Benjamin Goldstein, assistant professor in the School for Environment and Sustainability. On average, food produced through urban agriculture released 0.42 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving, six times higher than the 0.07 kg CO2e per serving of conventionally grow n produce. It’s also found that most of the climate impacts at urban farms are driven by the infrastructure (基础设施), such as the raised beds in which food is grown, or pathways between plots. “These farms typically only operate for a few years, so the greenhouse gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively. Conventional agriculture, instead, is very efficient and hard to compete with”, Goldstein says. For example, conventional farms often grow a single crop with the help of pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in larger harvests and a reduced carbon footprint when compared to urban farms, he says. 1. What is a benefit of urban agriculture? A. Sustainable food supply. B. High food output. C. Effective energy conservation. D. Low carbon footprint. 2. How is the research data collected? A. By accessing online database. B. By examining previous studies. C. By conducting personal interviews. D. By recording information every day. 3. What could be done to reduce carbon footprint according to Goldstein? A. Increase varieties of crops. B. Extend infrastructure lifetimes. C. Promote rooftop greenhouses. D. Use modern agriculture facilities. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of traditional crops. B. The popularity of urban agriculture. C. The strategies to fight global warming. D. The carbon footprint of urban farm produce. 02（2024·江西·二模） As home gardeners in the US page through seed catalogs (目录册) and pick out their favorite plants this week, there’s a new seed that has never been available to them before: a purple tomato. It is the first genetically engineered food crop to be directly marketed to home gardeners and the seeds went on sale Saturday. The lending scientist behind the tomato is Cathie Martin. About 20 years ago, she set out to create a transgenic (转基因的) tomato, using DNA from a purple snapdragon, which is an unrelated eatable flower. Her goal was to develop a tomato with high levels of anthocyanins, chemicals that give blueberries, blackberries, eggplant and purple cabbage their color. Research has shown that anthocyanins also have anti-cancer and anti-aging effects. “It’s normal for tomatoes to make these healthy chemicals. But they typically don’t make them very much in the fruit,” Martin told reporters in an interview. “They normally appear in the leaves and stems.” So she started with, separating the DNA in the snapdragon flower that turns on and off the purple color. Next, she used a basic technique that was figured out by scientists in the 1980s to introduce it into a certain bacteria so that the tomato could then take in the foreign genetic material and express this new gene. The result? In a paper published in Nature, Martin found that the purple tomato had, per weight, as much anthocyanin as a blueberry or eggplant, and that the mice who ate a diet mixed with purple tomatoes lived 30% longer than those who didn’t. “Americans eat more tomatoes annually, so it makes the nutritional benefits more accessible,” Martin said. Of course, some people have raised health concerns about eating genetically engineered foods. But these foods were introduced three decades ago and studies have not shown any harm. “The purple potato is another great example of how the outcomes and applications of such biotechnologies can improve our life,” Martin said. 5. What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A. Tomatoes usually do not produce anthocyanins. B. The wild purple snapdragon might be poisonous. C. Many purple fruits may postpone the aging process. D. The purple tomato was widely available 20 years ago. 6. What can we know about the technique used to produce the purple tomato? A. It is a relatively old method. B. It was invented by Cathie Martin. C. It puts the DNA directly into the potato. D. It was used to separate the DNA in the flower. 7. What does Cathie Martin think of the genetically engineered foods? A. Unprofitable. B. Safe. C. Expensive. D. Unreliable. 8. From which is the text probably taken? A. An advertisement. B. A handbook. C. A short story. D. A science report. 03（23-24高三下·四川内江·阶段练习） It’s breathtaking to watch the delicate spring wildflowers come out from their blanket of leaves, bloom, develop and disperse (传播) fruit, all in a matter of a few short days or weeks. Although they look fragile, these are tough little plants, each focusing its efforts on spreading its species. They have evolved to have a wide range of flower structures and colors, some with fragrances, attracting many different insect species to assist them in pollination (授粉). There is one strategy that a surprising number of spring blooming native plants have evolved in common: seed dispersal by ants. As many as thirty percent of the spring flowering plant species in the forests of eastern North America have evolved to take advantage of this situation to benefit themselves. These species have evolved to provide food attached to their seeds to encourage ants to disperse those seeds. This food, called an elaiosome (油质体), is a specialized fat body whose chemical composition more closely matches that of the insects that ants prefer than it does that of a seed. When a fruit opens to disperse its seeds, the elaiosomes are an instant attraction for ants. They take the seed with its attached elaiosome back to their nests for consumption there, but they just eat the elaiosome, their preferred food, and dispose of the seed on their trash pile. This tends to be an environment that is rich in nutrients, and will benefit the growth of the new plant. Just to make sure the ants don’t eat the seeds in addition to the elaiosome, some plant species have hard seed coatings that ants can’t really bite through. This evolutionary adaptation is somewhat similar to the strategy of plants that have evolved to surround their seeds with fleshy fruits to attract birds to assist them with seed dispersal. Given the fact that there are fewer birds available in early spring to help with seed dispersal, it makes sense that the early blooming plants evolved to partner instead with the ants for this service. Did you ever wonder how your Spring Beauty managed to pop up in new locations in your lawn or garden? Thank an ant! 9. What’s the ultimate purpose of the evolution of wildflowers according to the text? A. To attract insects. B. To progress blooming. C. To produce elaiosome. D. To spread their species. 10. What can be inferred about elaiosome? A. It’s hard to digest. B. It’s impossible for ants to resist. C. It makes the earth rich in nutrients. D. It’s often thrown into the trash pile. 11. Why do the early wildflowers prefer ants to birds to disperse according to the text? A. Ants are creative and hardworking. B. Ants are better at dispersing than birds. C. The birds in the early spring are not enough. D. The birds are not interested in their fleshy fruits. 12. What can the best title of the text? A. Thank Ants for Wildflowers B. Wildflowers Discover Their Treasures C. New Species of Wildflowers are Found D. Ants Are Superheroes Protecting Environment 04（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测） Unknown to most of us laymen (门外汉), there is quite a lot of interest in developing edible tags for our food. These could perform the same role as today’s food labels but would also form a tasty snack after use — which would also do away with the information contained on the label. Now, Japanese researchers have developed an approach to produce one such kind of unobtrusive (不阻塞的), edible tag, which can be safely embedded (嵌入) inside edible products. So far, the team has been experimenting with tags that are baked into cookies. Known as “interiQR”, such tags can be read using a device without altering the food or its packaging and don’t have any impact on the taste of the product. One enormous drawback of our labels as they are today is that, cumulatively (渐增地), they lead to mounds and mounds of extra material used for packaging—which translates to increased waste and pollution. Using a QR cookie as a tag would help cut down on packaging waste while not altering the items in any way. The information is contained in 3D-printed “infills”, around which the cookies are baked. Such a “label” would also allow producers, retailers, or customers to read the information using a QR code reader or a backlight at any point in a product’s life. “Our 3D printing method is a great example of the digital transformation of foods, which we hope will improve food traceability and safety,” says senior author of the study, Kosuke Sato. “This technology can also be used to provide novel food experiences through augmented (提高的) reality, which is an exciting new field in the food industry.” The team is confident that their cookie tags could prove to be a great help in reducing packaging waste worldwide once they’re adopted on a wide scale. Needless to say, suddenly having a cookie available to munch on with every purchase is incentive (刺激) enough to adopt the use of these interiQR cookies. 13. What can be inferred about the edible tag after it is read? A. It must be removed from the snack. B. It’ll damage the packaging of the snack. C. It’ll become part of the snack. D. It’ll update the information on the snack. 14. How does the writer explain the advantage of the edible tag in Para.3? A. By giving examples. B. By describing the process. C. By giving definitions. D. By making a comparison. 15. What can we learn about the 3D printing method according to Kosuke Sato? A. It sets a good example of tasty food. B. It is expected to be used to locate food sources. C. It enables customers to read a novel while eating. D. It makes information accessible to customers anytime. 16. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Novel Food Experiences from QR Cookie B. Future Food Label in a QR Cookie C. 3D Printing and Environment D. Edible Tags Making Cookies Tastier 05（2024·湖南怀化·二模） In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the environment and human health. Though chemical farming is used by over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers, the wide range of damage it has caused to the environment and human health makes it a bad choice. Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to improve food quality, reduce farming’s environmental impact and promote consumers’ health. It is therefore the option that farmers may choose. Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money. There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural. Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren’t enough organic ingredients, such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large-companies have an organic line of products. Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems, such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria, such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too. Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money? This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry. 17. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the passage? A. Chemical farming is a wise choice now. B. The environment and human health draw no attention. C. Organic farming has taken the place of Chemical farming. D. The positive effects of organic farming contribute to farmers’ favor. 18. What can we know from the passage? A. Some organic food costs much more than non-organic food. B. Organic farms consume quantities of agricultural chemicals. C. It’s never hard for all organic companies to stay in business. D. Health specialists pay no attention to E. coli and salmonella. 19. How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 5? A. By following time order. B. By providing some examples. C. By showing cause and effect. D. By comparing opinions. 20. What is consumers’ major concern about the organic food? A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Nutrition. 06（2024·山东菏泽·二模） Several times a month, you can find Doctor Daniel Nadeau in the Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. He notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉) and cheese boxes in am other’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to wholegrain macaroni and real cheese. Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes (糖尿病) rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” This mother agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nevertheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. By prescribing (开处方) nutritional changes or launching programs such as “Shop with your Doc”, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. They believe teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. 21. Why does Doctor Nadeau advise buying wholegrain macaroni and real cheese? A. They’re easy to make. B. They’re plant-based. C. They’re delicious to eat. D. They’re processed food. 22. What does the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Try out. B. Pick up. C. Take in. D. Turn around. 23. What is the author’s attitude toward the power of food? A. Neutral. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Positive. 24. What is the text mainly about? A. A good cure for diabetes. B. A new attempt on cooking. C. A food-as-medicine program. D. A simple tip on doing shopping. 07（2024·四川遂宁·三模） In recent years, labels have increasingly been used by the food industry. Whether “non-GMO (转基因)” or “zero trans fat” ,“no added hormones” or “sugar-free”, consumers are demanding more information about what’s in their food. A report by Nielsen found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are using the new labels to meet consumers’ demand, with an eye towards giving their products a leg up over the competition, and their bottom lines a boost as well. On its face, the new marketing strategy makes sense. But these so-called “absence claims” labels are harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt’s put a “non-GMO” label on its tomatoes a few years ago — despite the fact that, at the time, there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Over the long term, this strategy will have the opposite effect: by creating fear, we run the risk of damaging consumers' trust. Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers' minds: Should I have ever been eating these foods in the first place? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to me? For food manufacturers, it will damage consumers’ trust, which in turn would lower sales for the whole food industry. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study by a group of academics at the University of Delaware found that “absence claims” labels can stigmatize (污名化) food produced with conventional processes even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm. In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, it sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and, ultimately, more costly food products. Therefore, it’s clear that food manufacturers must be careful when using “absence claims” as a marketing strategy. If we allow this kind of label fear-mongering to continue, the losers will be all of us. 25. What is food manufacturers’ new marketing strategy? A. Handing out free samples for consumers to taste. B. Using creative wrappers to catch customers’ eyes. C. Attracting consumers by labelling “absence claims”. D. Offering more detailed goods information to customers. 26. What does the author intend to indicate by mentioning Hunt’s? A. The Hunt’s takes a lead in the food-marketing strategy. B. Products without “non-GMO” labels are usually unhealthy. C. Consumers tend to purchase products with “absence claims” labels. D. The “absence claims” labels will have negative effects on consumers. 27. What impact does the new marketing strategy have on food manufacturers? A. It will increase the cost of food processing. B. It will help remove the stigma of their brand. C. It will cut down the sales of their food products. D. It will damage the trust of their cooperative partners. 28. What does the author advise food manufacturers to do? A. Increase food choices for consumers. B. Use “absence claims” labels cautiously. C. Improve the efficiency of food production. D. Innovate the processing methods of food products. 08（2024·福建漳州·模拟预测） It is very likely that you eat three meals a day. Modern life is designed around this way of eating. However, is this the healthiest way to eat? Before considering how frequently we should eat, scientists urge us to consider when we shouldn’t. Intermittent fasting (间歇性断食), where you restrict your food intake to an eight-hour window, has become a popular area of research. “It allows our digestive system to rest,” says Emily Manoogian at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Rozalyn Anderson at the University of Wisconsin explains, “Fasting puts the body in a different state, where it’s more ready to clear misfolded proteins.” Misfolded proteins are faulty versions of ordinary proteins, which have been associated with a number of diseases. But if intermittent fasting is a healthy way to eat, how many meals does this leave room for? Some experts argue that it is best to have one meal a day. Manoogian does not recommend doing this, since it can increase the level of glucose (葡萄糖) in our blood when we are not eating. Keeping blood glucose levels down requires eating more regularly than once a day, as this prevents the body from thinking that it is starving and releasing more glucose when you do eventually eat in response. Instead, she says, two to three meals a day is best — with most of your calories consumed earlier in the day.“ So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as fat.” But eating too early in the morning should be avoided, as this would not give you sufficient time to fast. This does not mean we should skip breakfast altogether, either, but some evidence suggests we should wait an hour or two after waking up before cracking open the eggs. Is intermittent fasting realistic? Manoogian thinks that it is best not to specify the best time to eat, as this can be difficult for people with responsibilities and irregular time commitments, such as those working night shifts. But whatever changes you make, researchers agree that consistency is crucial. 29. What can we know about intermittent fasting? A. It focuses on what to eat. B. It cures a number of diseases. C. It keeps the digestive system clean. D. It limits food intake to a fixed duration. 30. What does Manoogian agree with? A. Calories can be hardly consumed in the evening. B. Frequent meals bring about steady blood glucose. C. Two to three meals in the day reduces storage of fat. D. Early eating is recommended for intermittent fasting. 31. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. How intermittent fasting is tested. B. Whether intermittent fasting is safe. C. How intermittent fasting is practiced. D. When people eat during intermittent fasting. 32. What’s the basic principle of intermittent fasting? A. Sticking to a routine. B. Defining a best meal time. C. Having regular working hours. D. Maintaining consistent menus. $$《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》 专题14 阅读理解C篇（新课标II卷）解析版 (答案解析+专家评价+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式) 目录 一、原题呈现 P1 二、答案解析 P2 三、专家评价 P3 四、题源网站 P4 五、词汇变式 P5 (一)考纲词汇词形转换 P5 (二)考纲词汇识词知意 P5 (三)高频短语厚积薄发 P6 (四)核心考点单句填空 P6 (五)难点突破 P7 (六)长难句分析 P7 六、三年真题 P8 (一)2023年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇 P8 (二)2022年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇 P9 (三)2021年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇 P11 七、满分策略 P12 八、话题变式 P14 变式一：高考阅读理解健康食品话题真题6篇 P14 变式二：环保种植有机食品话题名校好题8篇 P24 ( 一、 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解C篇关键词: 说明文；人与自然；巴比伦微农场；有机环保食品；环保意识；环保种植 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. ( 二、答案解析 ) 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。主旨大意题本文第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输的问题为导入，引出巴比伦微农场，指出其可缩短运输路程的优势。第二段强调巴比伦微农场通过创新设计，能保证新鲜蔬菜供应。第三段详细说明巴比伦微农场依靠新技术，在节水等方面的优势。第四段指出其在可持续发展方面的优势。故整篇文章围绕巴比伦微农场的优势展开介绍。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 ( 三、专家评价 ) 坚持提倡五育并举，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展 高考英语命题通过选取有关体育、美育和劳动教育的语篇，引导学生坚持五育并举，实现身心健康成长和德智体美劳全面发展。试卷阅读A篇介绍了卡洛秋季徒步节的健身徒步活动，引导学生走近大自然，开展体育运动，文中提及多项注意事项，于潜移默化之中强调了运动安全的重要性。阅读B篇介绍了旧金山湾区快速交通系统（BART）为了提升乘客体验而推出的一个短篇小说打印亭项目，引导学生在电子设备盛行的当今不要忘记还有纸质阅读这一阅读方式可供选择，也强调了利用零散时间来进行阅读和学习的好习惯。阅读C篇讲述巴比伦微型农场通过室内自动化种植系统极大地缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离，并实现了自动化管理和零排放的环保种植。阅读D篇介绍了Catriona Campbell的新书《AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence》，引导学生思考人类与人工智能共存的未来，强调了全球监管人工智能研究和使用的重要性问题。这两篇难度较大的文章都从科技发展视角引导学生思考科技如何更好地服务于人类以及人类理性使用科技的问题。在美育方面，试题的写作第一节应用文写作任务中，设置情境为在公园上的一节美术课，引导学生回归自然之美，到自然中寻求人类艺术创作不竭的灵感源泉。这些文本都释放了强烈的信号，引导学生实现德智体美劳全面发展。 【中国考试·教育部教育考试院】 ( 四、题源网站 ) 原文出处： https://inhabitat.com/these-micro-farms-put-a-new-spin-to-farm-to-table/ ( 五、考点变式 ) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、考纲词汇词形转换 1. short adj.短的 →shorten v （使）变短 2. additional adj. 额外的→additionally adv [句子副词] 此外 3. innovation n.创新 →innovative adj 创新的 4. rely vt. 依赖 →reliable adj 可靠的 5. specific adj.具体的 →specifically adv[句子副词] 确切地说 6. remote adj.遥远的 → remotely adv 远程地 7. sustainable adj.可持续的→sustainability n可持续性 8. available adj. 可得到的→availability n 可用性 9. simple adj. 简单的 →simply adv. 仅仅 10. pollute vt 污染 →pollutant n. 污染物 11. surround vt. 包围 →surrounding adj. 周围的 12. technology adj.技术 →technical adj. 技术的 13. strong adj. 坚强的 →strength n. 优势 二、考纲词汇识词知意 1. produce n. 农产品 2. cover v [熟词生义] 走完（一段路程） 3. solid adj [熟词生义]可靠的 4. pre-seeded adj. 预播种的 5. monitor v [名词动化] 监控，监测 6. real-time n 实时 7. automated adj 自动化的 8. moreover adv [句子副词] 此外 9. single-use adj 一次性的 10. day-to-day adj.每日的 11. guarantee vt. 确保 三、高频短语厚积薄发 1. when it comes to说到…… 2. go through 经历；穿过；浏览 3. zero emissions 零排放 4. in addition 另外 5. There is no need for sb to do sth. 某人没有必要做某事 6. fresh greens 新鲜青菜 7. live out 实践，践行 8. be passionate about 热衷于 9. be fond of 喜欢 10. be devoted to 对……全身心投入 四、核心考点单句填空 1. We all know fresh is best when it comes __________ food. 2.__________, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and __________(cover) __________(hundred) of miles before reaching the table. 3. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice __________(reduce) the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) __________(shorten) it even more. 4. BMF is __________ indoor garden system. It can __________(set) up for a family. 5. __________(additional), it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. 6. The __________(innovation) design requires little effort to achieve a __________(rely) weekly supply of fresh greens. 7. __________(specific), it’s a farm __________ relies on new technology. 8. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is __________(remote) monitored. 9. Also, there is a convenient app that __________(provide) growing data in real time. 10. Because the system is automated, it __________(significant) reduces the amount of water __________(need) to grow plants. 11. Rather than watering __________(row) of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. 12. After harvest, users __________(simple) replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle __________(start). 13. Moreover, having a system in the same building __________ it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants __________ soil to salad. 14. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals __________ pollute traditional farms and the __________(surround) environment. 15. BMF employees live out __________(sustainable) in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. 16. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste __________(reduce) by limiting garbage cans and __________(avoid) single-use plastic. 17. “We are __________(passion) about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF __________(employ). 1. to 2. However, covered, hundreds 3. to reduce, shortens 4. an, be set 5. Additionally 6. innovative, reliable 7. Specifically, that/which 8. remotely 9. provides 10. significantly, needed 11. rows 12. simply, started 13. where, from 14.that/which, surrounding 15. sustainability 16. reduction, avoiding 17. passionate, employee 五、长难句分析 Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad. 【翻译】 【分析】此外，在同一楼内的这一系统（从 种植到食用）意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。having a system in the same building 为动名词短语作主语，where it’s eaten 引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，means 为句子谓语。 六、全文翻译 我们都知道食物新鲜是最好的。然而，商店里的大多数产品在到达餐桌之前都要经过数周的旅行和数百英里的运输。尽管农民市场是减少这种旅行的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了这个距离。 BMF是一种室内花园系统。它可以为家庭设置。此外，它还可以为更大的受众服务，如医院、餐馆或学校。这种创新的设计几乎不需要什么努力就能实现可靠的每周新鲜绿叶蔬菜供应。 具体来说，它是一个依赖新技术的农场。通过云连接，BMF可以远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序，提供实时生长数据。由于系统是自动化的，它显著减少了种植植物所需的水量。系统不是灌溉整排土壤，而是为每株植物提供恰到好处的水量。收获后，用户只需用新的预播种容器替换植物，就可以开始下一个生长周期。 此外，在食用植物的同一建筑内拥有系统意味着从土壤到沙拉的运输过程中零排放。 此外，也不需要使用农药和其他污染传统农场及其周围环境的化学物质。 BMF的员工在日常生活中实践可持续性。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室内，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量和避免使用一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少废物。"我们热衷于减少我们环境中的废物、碳和化学物质，"一位BMF员工说。 ( 六、三年真题 ) 【2023年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇】 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 8. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 9. What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. 10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. 【答案】8. A9. C10. A11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。 8.推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句"Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration. . . three hundred artworks from museums around the world"可知,《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品,本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知,本文最有可能摘自一本书的序言。故选A。 9.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的"In artists' representations of books and reading"可知,被选中的艺术品强调的是图书和阅读,故C项正确。 10.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。 11.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。 【2022年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇】 Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. "We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone." 28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US? A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair. 29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone. C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene. 30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 31. What is a suitable title for the text? A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers. D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer. 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B 【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。 28. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。 29. B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。 30. D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。 31. B。主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。 【2021年新课标II卷阅读理解C篇】 A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools. Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.” The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children. Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools." Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries." 28. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money? A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools. C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians. 29. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools? A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income. C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention. 30. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama? A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills. C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews. 31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher 【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。 29.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.（许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。 30.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。 31.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。 ( 七、满分策略 ) 阅读理解说明文满分策略 一、细读文章重点 关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。 二、明确说明对象 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。 三、弄清说明顺序 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 四、把握作者态度 说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者态度和写作情感。 五、吃透长难句子 学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。 六、学会适当放弃 无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。 说明文阅读试题的特点有哪些？ 1.话题较陌生。 这些文章从专业的角度解释说明一个现象或一项研究结果，和考生的实际生活有一定的距离。 2.专业术语多。 高考说明文含有一定量的专业术语。2019年北京高考卷D篇就包含多个专业术语：marine microorganism，concentration，give off oxygen，nutrients，make conditions riper，food chain，phytoplankton，carbon dioxide，regulate，climate model，food web，statistically。这些和生物、环境等相关的词汇，如海底微生物、浓度、释放氧气、营养物质、食物链等，都是日常生活交流中不常涉及的。 3.长难句子多。 因为文章直接取材于期刊文章或者研究报告，所以说明文的另外一个特点是长难句子多。如2017年北京高考卷C篇的句子：This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. 这句话主干是一个简短的主系表结构，但后边附加了which引导的非限定性定语从句，而这个从句中又包含一个who引导的限定性定语从句，后面的介词短语中也包含了who引导的限定性定语从句。在有限的考试时间内，复杂的句子结构给考生准确理解句意带来了困难。 4.词汇有新义。 每一篇说明文中都会包含一些考生熟悉的词汇，但在新的语境中它们变换了含义。2019年北京高考卷有句话中包含一个简单的词语project：Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. project被大家熟知的意思是“项目”，但在这句话中变成了动词，表示“预测，推想”。如果考生对project的理解还停留在“项目”上，就不能很好地理解句意了。 阅读理解说明文答题策略 1.把握介绍或阐述的主体。 通过文章第一段迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。英语文章，尤其是说明文和议论文，最大的特点就是开门见山，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或表达的观点铺平直叙出来。 2. 关注每一段的段首句。 关注每一段的段首句，确认段落的主旨大意。就像文章的开篇段落告诉读者文章的主旨大意一样，第一段落的第一句话通常也起到同样的作用。 3.关注每一段的段尾句。 前两项策略已经被大多数考生广泛应用在阅读中。但除了关注篇首段落和段首句子之外，也不能忽视段尾句。一个段落由三个部分组成：topic sentence（主旨句），supporting details （支撑细节），和concluding sentence（总结句）。在段落结尾，作者会用不同的表达方式重申主旨句，但从篇章整体来看，在每个段落结尾出现的句子还起到承上启下的作用，作者会借助这个句子引出下文。 4.关注文章中出现的问题。 说明文的本质是对一个事物进行阐述，但在平铺直叙的语言中，还会有问句出现。这些问句不仅仅是简单的疑问句，而是作者有意为之，答案就出现在后文。 阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息： A. 说明的对象 B. 说明对象的特征 C. 说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法） ①例证法 这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。通常在主题句后,用 For example 或 For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。 ②定义法 下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。 ③分类法： 分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。 ④因果关系法 事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括由果推因(由结果去推测原因)和由因推果(由原因去推测结果)两种情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果关系。 ⑤比较对照法： 有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或同一事物相反、相对的两个方面放在一起,用比较的方法加以描述或说明,指出其相同点,这种写法叫做比较;指出其不同点,叫做对照。比较和对照各有不同的侧重,但两种方法经常结合使用。 ⑥过程分析法 过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是What happens;因果关系研究的对象是Why it happens,而过程分析研究的对象是How it happens。 ( 八、话题变式 ) 变式一：高考阅读理解健康食品话题真题 （2023·全国·高考真题） A growing body of research suggests that the gut microbiome (消化道菌群) could play a major role in a rising chronic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms. It often follows a viral infection which can lead to a “disruption” in a balanced gut ecosystem. Actually, an increasing number of Americans have been the sufferers since the outbreak of COVID-19. Two recent studies published in Cell Host &Microbe point to changes in the microbiome as a possible cause of CFS. Research groups at Columbia University and the Jackson Laboratory performed detailed analyses of the microbes in stool (粪便) samples from patients with CFS and compared them to healthy controls. The two groups found similar bacteria species were less present in CFS patients compared to control patients. They focused on bacteria that produce butyrate, a fatty acid involved in regulating metabolism and the immune system. “Butyrate plays several roles in directing the body’s response to infections, while also protecting the barrier between the intestine (肠) and the circulatory system, regulating genetic changes in cells, and more,” says Brent Williams, lead author on the Columbia study. Williams and his colleagues extensively analyzed the role of butyrate in CFS patients’ guts, even identifying a correlation between low levels of bacteria that produce this acid and more severe symptoms. Parallel findings from the Jackson Laboratory team suggest the bacteria that produce butyrate could be used to diagnose CFS. Previous research has identified microbiome issues in CFS patients, but the new findings help clarify which microbes could be related to the illness. More research on butyrate-producing bacteria and other species identified in the studies is necessary to investigate these potential biomarkers of CFS, the authors say. If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria could be used to diagnose the illness, which is currently identified based on symptoms alone. The findings additionally point toward possible treatments, such as probiotics or microbiome-focused diet adjustments—though patients who have been sick for long periods may require drugs that alleviate the damage done to their metabolism or immune system. 1. What do we know about CFS? A. It is caused by COVID-19 only. B. It is an illness with systemic symptoms. C. It breaks the balance of the gut ecosystem. D. The number of the infected is on the decrease. 2. How did the researcher carry out the recent studies? A. By controlling data. B. By identifying genes. C. By analyzing samples. D. By comparing symptoms. 3. Which of the following is NOT the significance of the recent researches? A. Butyrate’s multiple functions are promoted. B. Targeted gut microbes may be used to diagnose CFS. C. Certain microbes responsible for CFS are narrowed down. D. Probiotics supplement with drugs can be a treatment for CFS. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Gut microbiome may be the key to CFS. B. Microbes help digest food and aid absorption. C. Man’s gut is a rich, diverse tropical rainforest. D. New method for diagnosing CFS are provided. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms.(这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是强烈的疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”可知，慢性疲劳综合症是一种有全身性症状的疾病。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Research groups at Columbia University and the Jackson Laboratory performed detailed analyses of the microbes in stool (粪便) samples from patients with CFS and compared them to healthy controls.(哥伦比亚大学和杰克逊实验室的研究小组对慢性疲劳综合症患者粪便样本中的微生物进行了详细分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较)”可知，研究人员通过分析样本进行的研究。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Parallel findings from the Jackson Laboratory team suggest the bacteria that produce butyrate could be used to diagnose CFS.(杰克逊实验室团队的类似发现表明，产生丁酸盐的细菌可以用来诊断慢性疲劳综合症)”；倒数第二段“If the findings are replicated, specific gut bacteria could be used to diagnose the illness, which is currently identified based on symptoms alone.(如果这些发现被复制，特定的肠道细菌可以用来诊断疾病，目前仅根据症状来识别疾病)”以及最后一段“The findings additionally point toward possible treatments, such as probiotics or microbiome-focused diet adjustments—though patients who have been sick for long periods may require drugs that alleviate the damage done to their metabolism or immune system.(研究结果还指出了可能的治疗方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群为重点的饮食调整——尽管长期患病的患者可能需要药物来减轻对新陈代谢或免疫系统的损害)”可知，A选项“促进丁酸盐的多种功能”不是研究的意义。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A growing body of research suggests that the gut microbiome (消化道菌群) could play a major role in a rising chronic disease that makes us physically weaker. The illness, which is commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), is characterized by intense fatigue, gastrointestinal (胃肠道的) issues, muscle pain, and cognitive challenges such as headaches and difficulty concentrating, among other symptoms.(越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用，这些疾病会使我们的身体变得更弱。这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是剧烈疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”结合文章介绍了一项研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义可知，这篇文章的主要讲述肠道微生物群可能是慢性疲劳综合症的关键。故选A。 （2023·全国·高考真题） On the day he almost died, Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This was something Musk thought about a lot- how he might make a difference to the food industry—but beyond expanding his farm-to-table movement along with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope (坡) and fell over, breaking his neck. The left side of his body was paralyzed. Musk eventually made a full recovery, but it involved spending two months on his back, which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America; attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high-tech, data-driven, year-round farms; and this year, is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at-home gardens. Aimed at reaching low- income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before,” says Musk. “People were looking to garden for a bunch of reasons: to supplement their budget, to improve the nutritional quality of their diets, or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.” The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors, and will be distributed through schools that Musk's non-profit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “I grew up in the projects when I was young, in what we now call food deserts,” says EVE, one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.” 5. What inspired Musk to be devoted to food industry? A. An accident. B. Jamie Oliver’s speech. C. The pandemic. D. The farm-to-table movement. 6. What can we learn about the Million Gardens Movement? A. It has mainly attracted young generations. B. It has just accomplished its target. C. It may be stimulated by a lack of food security. D. It increases economic burdens for the poor. 7. Which of the following best describes Musk? A. Charitable. B. Honest. C. Flexible. D. Strict. 8. Why is EVE taken as an example? A. To demonstrate the program to be non-profit. B. To share his experience in a food desert. C. To encourage people to start a free garden. D. To clarify the reason why he loves a garden. 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. A 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Musk在受Jamie Oliver演讲的启发后，创立百万个家庭花园，鼓励和教授人们自己种植自己的食物，来让自己吃的食物更健康。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot—how he might make a difference to the food industry(这位互联网创业天才和餐馆老板刚刚参加完Jackson Hole的一个会议抵达Jackson Hole，会上主厨Jamie Oliver谈到了健康饮食的好处。这让马斯克思考了很多——他如何能对食品行业作出改变)”可知，Musk在参加完Jamie Oliver的演讲之后开始考虑对食品行业作出改变，即受到了这个演讲的启发。故选B。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Aimed at reaching low- income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. (百万花园运动旨在帮助低收入家庭，受到疫情的启发，因为许多人生活的首要问题是希望更多地与自然联系，以及粮食不安全)”可知，Million Gardens Movement可能是由于缺乏粮食安全而引起的。故选C。 7. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Aimed at reaching low-income families(旨在惠及低收入家庭)”可知Musk创立百万花园运动主要针对低收入家庭；由文章最后一段的“The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors(该计划提供可以在室内或室外种植的免费花园套件)”可知他免费给人们提供种植套件；“It also offers free courses(它还提供免费课程)”可知Musk的计划还给人提供免费课程；综上所述，可推知Musk是富有慈善意识的。故选A。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“ “I grew up in the projects when I was young, in what we now call food deserts,” says EVE, one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.”(“我小时候在这些项目中长大，我们现在称之为食物沙漠，”伊芙说，她是许多名人之一，与该组织合作，鼓励人们挑选一个免费的花园。“我喜欢这个的原因是它并不难。我们都能种点东西。”)”推知，最后一段用EVE的例子是为了鼓励人们开始免费的花园。故选C。 （2023·全国·高考真题） Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 9. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 10. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 11. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 12. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 【答案】9. D 10. C 11. A 12. C 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。 10. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。 11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。 12. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 04（2023·全国·高考真题） What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 13. What do people usually think of British food? A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation. 14. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 15. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 16. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 【答案】13. A 14. D 15. D 16. B 【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。 14. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。 15. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。 16. 推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。 05（2022·全国·高考真题） Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D. C. , which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 17. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times. C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 18. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test? A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation. 19. What does Curtin’s company do? A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food. 20. What does Curtin suggest people do? A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption. C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often. 【答案】17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。 17. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。 18. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。 19. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。 20. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。 06（2020·全国·高考真题） According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? 21. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 22. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 23. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 24. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A 24. C 【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。 21. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。 22. 词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。 23. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。 24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。 变式二：环保种植有机食品话题名校好题 01（2024·重庆·三模） Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable. Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its carbon footprint remains understudied. Most previously published studies have focused on high-tech, energy-intensive forms of urban agriculture —such as vertical (垂直的) farms and rooftop greenhouses. The new study aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps by comparing the carbon footprints of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to conventional crops. The researchers calculated the greenhouse gas emissions (排放) associated with on-farm materials and activities over the lifetime of the farm. The emissions, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving of food, were then compared to foods raised by conventional methods. Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were employed to use daily diary entries to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-growing sites throughout the 2019 season. “By assessing actual inputs and outputs on urban agriculture sites, we were able to determine climate change impacts to each serving of produce,” says study co-lead author Benjamin Goldstein, assistant professor in the School for Environment and Sustainability. On average, food produced through urban agriculture released 0.42 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving, six times higher than the 0.07 kg CO2e per serving of conventionally grow n produce. It’s also found that most of the climate impacts at urban farms are driven by the infrastructure (基础设施), such as the raised beds in which food is grown, or pathways between plots. “These farms typically only operate for a few years, so the greenhouse gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively. Conventional agriculture, instead, is very efficient and hard to compete with”, Goldstein says. For example, conventional farms often grow a single crop with the help of pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in larger harvests and a reduced carbon footprint when compared to urban farms, he says. 1. What is a benefit of urban agriculture? A. Sustainable food supply. B. High food output. C. Effective energy conservation. D. Low carbon footprint. 2. How is the research data collected? A. By accessing online database. B. By examining previous studies. C. By conducting personal interviews. D. By recording information every day. 3. What could be done to reduce carbon footprint according to Goldstein? A. Increase varieties of crops. B. Extend infrastructure lifetimes. C. Promote rooftop greenhouses. D. Use modern agriculture facilities. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. The benefits of traditional crops. B. The popularity of urban agriculture. C. The strategies to fight global warming. D. The carbon footprint of urban farm produce. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于城市农场产品的碳足迹的研究。研究发现，城市农场产品的碳足迹比传统农场碳足迹高很多，同时探讨了解决方案。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable.(城市农业，即在城市范围内耕种的做法，在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，被认为是使城市和城市粮食系统更具可持续性的一种方式)”可知，城市农业的一个好处是能让城市和城市粮食系统更具有可持续性，故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were employed to use daily diary entries to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-growing sites throughout the 2019 season.(在2019年的整个季节，世界各地的城市农业站点的农民和园丁都被雇佣使用每日日记条目来记录投入——用于建造农场和种植作物的材料——以及他们的食物种植站点的收成)”可知，该研究收集数据的方式是让农民和园丁用日记条目的方式记录城市农场的投入与产出，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These farms typically only operate for a few years, so the greenhouse gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively.(这些农场通常只经营几年，因此用于生产这些材料的温室气体没有得到有效利用)”可知，降低城市农场农产品的碳足迹需要充分利用基础设施设备，即延长使用年限，故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable. Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its carbon footprint remains understudied.(城市农业，即在城市范围内耕种的做法，在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，被认为是使城市和城市粮食系统更具可持续性的一种方式。尽管有强有力的证据表明城市农业的社会和营养效益，但其碳足迹仍未得到充分研究)”结合文章主要介绍了一项关于城市农场产品的碳足迹的研究。研究发现，城市农场产品的碳足迹比传统农场碳足迹高很多，同时探讨了解决方案。即这篇文章主要讲的是城市农产品的碳足迹。故选D。 02（2024·江西·二模） As home gardeners in the US page through seed catalogs (目录册) and pick out their favorite plants this week, there’s a new seed that has never been available to them before: a purple tomato. It is the first genetically engineered food crop to be directly marketed to home gardeners and the seeds went on sale Saturday. The lending scientist behind the tomato is Cathie Martin. About 20 years ago, she set out to create a transgenic (转基因的) tomato, using DNA from a purple snapdragon, which is an unrelated eatable flower. Her goal was to develop a tomato with high levels of anthocyanins, chemicals that give blueberries, blackberries, eggplant and purple cabbage their color. Research has shown that anthocyanins also have anti-cancer and anti-aging effects. “It’s normal for tomatoes to make these healthy chemicals. But they typically don’t make them very much in the fruit,” Martin told reporters in an interview. “They normally appear in the leaves and stems.” So she started with, separating the DNA in the snapdragon flower that turns on and off the purple color. Next, she used a basic technique that was figured out by scientists in the 1980s to introduce it into a certain bacteria so that the tomato could then take in the foreign genetic material and express this new gene. The result? In a paper published in Nature, Martin found that the purple tomato had, per weight, as much anthocyanin as a blueberry or eggplant, and that the mice who ate a diet mixed with purple tomatoes lived 30% longer than those who didn’t. “Americans eat more tomatoes annually, so it makes the nutritional benefits more accessible,” Martin said. Of course, some people have raised health concerns about eating genetically engineered foods. But these foods were introduced three decades ago and studies have not shown any harm. “The purple potato is another great example of how the outcomes and applications of such biotechnologies can improve our life,” Martin said. 5. What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A. Tomatoes usually do not produce anthocyanins. B. The wild purple snapdragon might be poisonous. C. Many purple fruits may postpone the aging process. D. The purple tomato was widely available 20 years ago. 6. What can we know about the technique used to produce the purple tomato? A. It is a relatively old method. B. It was invented by Cathie Martin. C. It puts the DNA directly into the potato. D. It was used to separate the DNA in the flower. 7. What does Cathie Martin think of the genetically engineered foods? A. Unprofitable. B. Safe. C. Expensive. D. Unreliable. 8. From which is the text probably taken? A. An advertisement. B. A handbook. C. A short story. D. A science report. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了第一个针对家庭市场开发的转基因食物：紫色西红柿。 5. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Her goal was to develop a tomato with high levels of anthocyanins, chemicals that give blueberries, blackberries, eggplant and purple cabbage their color. Research has shown that anthocyanins also have anti-cancer and anti-aging effects.(她的目标是培育出一种富含花青素的番茄，这种化学物质赋予蓝莓、黑莓、茄子和紫甘蓝以颜色。研究表明，花青素还具有抗癌和抗衰老的作用)”可推知，许多紫色水果可能延缓衰老过程。故选C。 6. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Next, she used a basic technique that was figured out by scientists in the 1980s to introduce it into a certain bacteria so that the tomato could then take in the foreign genetic material and express this new gene.(接下来，她使用了科学家在20世纪80年代发现的一种基本技术，将其引入某种细菌中，这样番茄就可以吸收外来遗传物质并表达这种新基因)”可知，紫色番茄的生产技术是一种比较古老的方法。故选A。 7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““The purple potato is another great example of how the outcomes and applications of such biotechnologies can improve our life,” Martin said.(马丁说：“紫薯是另一个很好的例子，说明这种生物技术的成果和应用如何改善我们的生活。”)”可推知，Cathie Martin认为转基因食品是安全的。故选B。 8. 推理判断题。根据第二段“About 20 years ago, she set out to create a transgenic (转基因的) tomato, using DNA from a purple snapdragon, which is an unrelated eatable flower. Her goal was to develop a tomato with high levels of anthocyanins, chemicals that give blueberries, blackberries, eggplant and purple cabbage their color. Research has shown that anthocyanins also have anti-cancer and anti-aging effects.(大约20年前，她开始用紫金鱼的DNA培育转基因番茄，紫金鱼是一种不相关的可食用花。她的目标是培育出一种富含花青素的番茄，这种化学物质赋予蓝莓、黑莓、茄子和紫甘蓝以颜色。研究表明，花青素还具有抗癌和抗衰老的作用)”可知，文章介绍了第一个针对家庭市场开发的转基因食物：紫色西红柿。由此推知，这篇文章很可能选自一份科技报告。故选D。 03（23-24高三下·四川内江·阶段练习） It’s breathtaking to watch the delicate spring wildflowers come out from their blanket of leaves, bloom, develop and disperse (传播) fruit, all in a matter of a few short days or weeks. Although they look fragile, these are tough little plants, each focusing its efforts on spreading its species. They have evolved to have a wide range of flower structures and colors, some with fragrances, attracting many different insect species to assist them in pollination (授粉). There is one strategy that a surprising number of spring blooming native plants have evolved in common: seed dispersal by ants. As many as thirty percent of the spring flowering plant species in the forests of eastern North America have evolved to take advantage of this situation to benefit themselves. These species have evolved to provide food attached to their seeds to encourage ants to disperse those seeds. This food, called an elaiosome (油质体), is a specialized fat body whose chemical composition more closely matches that of the insects that ants prefer than it does that of a seed. When a fruit opens to disperse its seeds, the elaiosomes are an instant attraction for ants. They take the seed with its attached elaiosome back to their nests for consumption there, but they just eat the elaiosome, their preferred food, and dispose of the seed on their trash pile. This tends to be an environment that is rich in nutrients, and will benefit the growth of the new plant. Just to make sure the ants don’t eat the seeds in addition to the elaiosome, some plant species have hard seed coatings that ants can’t really bite through. This evolutionary adaptation is somewhat similar to the strategy of plants that have evolved to surround their seeds with fleshy fruits to attract birds to assist them with seed dispersal. Given the fact that there are fewer birds available in early spring to help with seed dispersal, it makes sense that the early blooming plants evolved to partner instead with the ants for this service. Did you ever wonder how your Spring Beauty managed to pop up in new locations in your lawn or garden? Thank an ant! 9. What’s the ultimate purpose of the evolution of wildflowers according to the text? A. To attract insects. B. To progress blooming. C. To produce elaiosome. D. To spread their species. 10. What can be inferred about elaiosome? A. It’s hard to digest. B. It’s impossible for ants to resist. C. It makes the earth rich in nutrients. D. It’s often thrown into the trash pile. 11. Why do the early wildflowers prefer ants to birds to disperse according to the text? A. Ants are creative and hardworking. B. Ants are better at dispersing than birds. C. The birds in the early spring are not enough. D. The birds are not interested in their fleshy fruits. 12. What can the best title of the text? A. Thank Ants for Wildflowers B. Wildflowers Discover Their Treasures C. New Species of Wildflowers are Found D. Ants Are Superheroes Protecting Environment 【答案】9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为了能够存活下来，野花进化了很多传播种子的方法。现在科学家又发现一种，利用蚂蚁传播种子。这些物种已经进化到提供附着在种子上的食物——油质体，以鼓励蚂蚁传播这些种子。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Although they look fragile, these are tough little plants, each focusing its efforts on spreading its species.(虽然它们看起来很脆弱，但它们都是坚韧的小植物，每一种植物都致力于传播自己的物种)”可知，野花进化的最终目的是传播物种。故选D。 10. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“This food, called an elaiosome (油质体), is a specialized fat body whose chemical composition more closely matches that of the insects that ants prefer than it does that of a seed.(这种食物被称为油质体，是一种特殊的脂肪体，其化学成分与蚂蚁喜欢的昆虫的化学成分比种子的化学成分更接近)”可知，这种食物被称为油质体，其化学成分更接近蚂蚁喜欢的昆虫的成分，而不是种子的成分，由此可推知，蚂蚁应该不会抗拒这种物质。故选B。 11. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Given the fact that there are fewer birds available in early spring to help with seed dispersal, it makes sense that the early blooming plants evolved to partner instead with the ants for this service.(考虑到早春可用于帮助种子传播的鸟类越来越少，因此早期开花的植物进化为与蚂蚁合作提供这项服务是有道理的)”可知，在早春的时候，能够帮助传播种子的鸟类少之又少，因此这些早春开花的植物让蚂蚁来提供这种服务。故选C。 12. 主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章的末尾内容“Did you ever wonder how your Spring Beauty managed to pop up in new locations in your lawn or garden? Thank an ant!(你有没有想过你的春天草属植物是如何在你的草坪或花园的新位置出现的?感谢一只蚂蚁!)”点明了文章的核心要义，即，本文主要介绍的是野花利用蚂蚁传播种子。因此看到野花，让我们感谢那些小小的蚂蚁。选项A“感谢蚂蚁带来的野花”贴合主旨。故选A。 04（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测） Unknown to most of us laymen (门外汉), there is quite a lot of interest in developing edible tags for our food. These could perform the same role as today’s food labels but would also form a tasty snack after use — which would also do away with the information contained on the label. Now, Japanese researchers have developed an approach to produce one such kind of unobtrusive (不阻塞的), edible tag, which can be safely embedded (嵌入) inside edible products. So far, the team has been experimenting with tags that are baked into cookies. Known as “interiQR”, such tags can be read using a device without altering the food or its packaging and don’t have any impact on the taste of the product. One enormous drawback of our labels as they are today is that, cumulatively (渐增地), they lead to mounds and mounds of extra material used for packaging—which translates to increased waste and pollution. Using a QR cookie as a tag would help cut down on packaging waste while not altering the items in any way. The information is contained in 3D-printed “infills”, around which the cookies are baked. Such a “label” would also allow producers, retailers, or customers to read the information using a QR code reader or a backlight at any point in a product’s life. “Our 3D printing method is a great example of the digital transformation of foods, which we hope will improve food traceability and safety,” says senior author of the study, Kosuke Sato. “This technology can also be used to provide novel food experiences through augmented (提高的) reality, which is an exciting new field in the food industry.” The team is confident that their cookie tags could prove to be a great help in reducing packaging waste worldwide once they’re adopted on a wide scale. Needless to say, suddenly having a cookie available to munch on with every purchase is incentive (刺激) enough to adopt the use of these interiQR cookies. 13. What can be inferred about the edible tag after it is read? A. It must be removed from the snack. B. It’ll damage the packaging of the snack. C. It’ll become part of the snack. D. It’ll update the information on the snack. 14. How does the writer explain the advantage of the edible tag in Para.3? A. By giving examples. B. By describing the process. C. By giving definitions. D. By making a comparison. 15. What can we learn about the 3D printing method according to Kosuke Sato? A. It sets a good example of tasty food. B. It is expected to be used to locate food sources. C. It enables customers to read a novel while eating. D. It makes information accessible to customers anytime. 16. Which can be the best title for the passage? A. Novel Food Experiences from QR Cookie B. Future Food Label in a QR Cookie C. 3D Printing and Environment D. Edible Tags Making Cookies Tastier 【答案】13. C 14. D 15. B 16. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本研究人员开发出一种可以嵌入食品中的可食用标签，这种标签可以通过设备读取，不会改变食品或其包装，也不会影响产品的味道。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, Japanese researchers have developed an approach to produce one such kind of unobtrusive (不阻塞的), edible tag, which can be safely embedded (嵌入) inside edible products.”（现在，日本研究人员已经开发出一种方法来生产这种不显眼的、可食用的标签，它可以安全地嵌入可食用的产品中。）以及“such tags can be read using a device without altering the food or its packaging and don’t have any impact on the taste of the product.”（这种标签可以通过设备读取，不会改变食品或其包装，也不会对产品的味道产生任何影响。）可知，可食用标签在被读取后会成为食物的一部分。故选C。 14. 推理判断题。根据第三段“One enormous drawback of our labels as they are today is that, cumulatively, they lead to mounds and mounds of extra material used for packaging—which translates to increased waste and pollution. Using a QR cookie as a tag would help cut down on packaging waste while not altering the items in any way.”（我们现在的标签的一个巨大缺点是，它们导致了大量的包装材料的使用，这转化为增加的废物和污染。使用QR cookie作为标签可以帮助减少包装废物，同时不会以任何方式改变物品。）可知，作者通过对比现有标签和可食用标签的方式来说明可食用标签的优点，故选D。 15. 细节理解题。根据第五段““Our 3D printing method is a great example of the digital transformation of foods, which we hope will improve food traceability and safety,” says senior author of the study, Kosuke Sato.”（“我们的3D打印方法是食品数字化转型的一个很好的例子，我们希望这将提高食品的可追溯性和安全性，”该研究的资深作者Kosuke Sato说。）可知，预计3D打印方法将被用来确定食物来源。故选B项。 16. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, Japanese researchers have developed an approach to produce one such kind of unobtrusive (不阻塞的), edible tag, which can be safely embedded (嵌入) inside edible products. So far, the team has been experimenting with tags that are baked into cookies. Known as “interiQR”, such tags can be read using a device without altering the food or its packaging and don’t have any impact on the taste of the product.”（现在，日本研究人员已经开发出一种方法来生产这种不显眼的、可食用的标签，它可以安全地嵌入可食用的产品中。到目前为止，该团队一直在尝试将标签烤到饼干中。这种被称为“interiQR”的标签可以用一种设备读取，而不会改变食品或其包装，也不会对产品的味道产生任何影响。）可知，本文主要介绍了日本研究人员开发出一种可以嵌入食品中的可食用标签，这种标签可以通过设备读取，不会改变食品或其包装，也不会影响产品的味道，所以短文的最佳标题为“QR Cookie中的未来食品标签”。故选B项。 05（2024·湖南怀化·二模） In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the environment and human health. Though chemical farming is used by over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers, the wide range of damage it has caused to the environment and human health makes it a bad choice. Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to improve food quality, reduce farming’s environmental impact and promote consumers’ health. It is therefore the option that farmers may choose. Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money. There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural. Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren’t enough organic ingredients, such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large-companies have an organic line of products. Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems, such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria, such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too. Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money? This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry. 17. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the passage? A. Chemical farming is a wise choice now. B. The environment and human health draw no attention. C. Organic farming has taken the place of Chemical farming. D. The positive effects of organic farming contribute to farmers’ favor. 18. What can we know from the passage? A. Some organic food costs much more than non-organic food. B. Organic farms consume quantities of agricultural chemicals. C. It’s never hard for all organic companies to stay in business. D. Health specialists pay no attention to E. coli and salmonella. 19. How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 5? A. By following time order. B. By providing some examples. C. By showing cause and effect. D. By comparing opinions. 20. What is consumers’ major concern about the organic food? A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Nutrition. 【答案】17. D 18. A 19. D 20. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有机农业和有机食品的相关情况。 17. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the environment and human health. Though chemical farming is used by over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers, the wide range of damage it has caused to the environment and human health makes it a bad choice. Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to improve food quality, reduce farming’s environmental impact and promote consumers’ health. It is therefore the option that farmers may choose.(近年来，人们越来越关注环境和人类健康。尽管世界上90%以上的农民都在使用化学农业，但它对环境和人类健康造成的广泛损害使其成为一个糟糕的选择。另一方面，有机农业旨在提高食品质量，减少农业对环境的影响，促进消费者的健康。因此，这是农民可能选择的选项)”可知，作者在文章开头描述了有机农业的积极影响使得农民们更倾向于选择有机农业这一现象。故选D项。 18. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food (有机食品很受欢迎。它也很贵。一些有机食品的价格是非有机食品的两倍)”可知，一些有机食品比非有机食品贵得多。故选A项。 19. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems, such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria, such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non-organic food.(有机食品更有营养吗?这是辩论的一部分。许多农民和消费者都认为是这样。他们认为农用化学品会导致健康问题，比如癌症。许多健康专家不同意这种说法。很少有研究证明有机食品能预防健康问题。健康专家更担心大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等细菌。它们会接触到有机和非有机食品)”可知，第五段中对比了农民与消费者和健康专家的不同观点。由此推知，作者通过比较观点的方式展开本段。故选D项。 20. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry.(然而，有机食品的消费者认为安全总比后悔好)”可知，消费者主要关心的还是有机食品的安全。故选B项。 06（2024·山东菏泽·二模） Several times a month, you can find Doctor Daniel Nadeau in the Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. He notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉) and cheese boxes in am other’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to wholegrain macaroni and real cheese. Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes (糖尿病) rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” This mother agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nevertheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. By prescribing (开处方) nutritional changes or launching programs such as “Shop with your Doc”, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. They believe teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. 21. Why does Doctor Nadeau advise buying wholegrain macaroni and real cheese? A. They’re easy to make. B. They’re plant-based. C. They’re delicious to eat. D. They’re processed food. 22. What does the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Try out. B. Pick up. C. Take in. D. Turn around. 23. What is the author’s attitude toward the power of food? A. Neutral. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Positive. 24. What is the text mainly about? A. A good cure for diabetes. B. A new attempt on cooking. C. A food-as-medicine program. D. A simple tip on doing shopping. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，饮食中的糖和加工食品会导致疾病，本文介绍了通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病的项目。 21. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉) and cheese boxes in am other’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to wholegrain macaroni and real cheese.”和第二段中““In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.”(“在美国，超过50%的食品是加工食品，” Nadeau告诉她。“我们的食物中只有5%是植物性食物。我认为我们应该努力扭转这种局面。”)”可知，Nadeau建议购买全麦通心粉和真正的奶酪是因为它们是植物性食物，故选B。 22. 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes(糖尿病) rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food.(Nadeau说，糖和加工食品是儿童糖尿病发病率上升的主要原因。“在美国，超过50%的食品是加工食品，” Nadeau告诉她。“我们的食物中只有5%是植物性食物)”可知，糖和加工食品是儿童糖尿病发病率上升的主要原因，在美国超过50%的食品是加工食品，只有5%是植物性食物，由此推知划线词所在句意为“我认为我们应该努力扭转这种局面”，reverse意为“扭转”，故选D。 23. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes.(研究结果越来越多地显示出食物治疗或逆转疾病的力量，但这并不意味着饮食本身总是解决问题的办法，也不意味着每一种疾病都能从饮食的改变中得到实质性的好处)”可知，作者对于食物的力量持中立态度，故选A。 24. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“By prescribing (开处方) nutritional changes or launching programs such as “Shop with your Doc”, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat.(通过开处方改变营养或启动诸如“和医生一起购物”之类的项目，他们试图通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病)”可知，饮食中的糖和加工食品会导致疾病，本文介绍了通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病的项目。C项“一个以食为药的项目”能够总结本文大意，故选C。 07（2024·四川遂宁·三模） In recent years, labels have increasingly been used by the food industry. Whether “non-GMO (转基因)” or “zero trans fat” ,“no added hormones” or “sugar-free”, consumers are demanding more information about what’s in their food. A report by Nielsen found that 39 percent of consumers would switch from the brands they currently buy to others that provide clearer, more accurate product information. Food manufacturers are using the new labels to meet consumers’ demand, with an eye towards giving their products a leg up over the competition, and their bottom lines a boost as well. On its face, the new marketing strategy makes sense. But these so-called “absence claims” labels are harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. For example, Hunt’s put a “non-GMO” label on its tomatoes a few years ago — despite the fact that, at the time, there was no such thing as a GMO tomato on the market. Over the long term, this strategy will have the opposite effect: by creating fear, we run the risk of damaging consumers' trust. Eventually, it becomes a question in consumers' minds: Should I have ever been eating these foods in the first place? By purchasing and consuming these types of products, have I already done some kind of harm to me? For food manufacturers, it will damage consumers’ trust, which in turn would lower sales for the whole food industry. And this isn’t just supposition. A recent study by a group of academics at the University of Delaware found that “absence claims” labels can stigmatize (污名化) food produced with conventional processes even when there is no scientific evidence that they cause harm. In addition to the likely negative long-term impact on sales, it sends a message that innovations in farming and food processing are unwelcome, eventually leading to less efficiency, fewer choices for consumers, and, ultimately, more costly food products. Therefore, it’s clear that food manufacturers must be careful when using “absence claims” as a marketing strategy. If we allow this kind of label fear-mongering to continue, the losers will be all of us. 25. What is food manufacturers’ new marketing strategy? A. Handing out free samples for consumers to taste. B. Using creative wrappers to catch customers’ eyes. C. Attracting consumers by labelling “absence claims”. D. Offering more detailed goods information to customers. 26. What does the author intend to indicate by mentioning Hunt’s? A. The Hunt’s takes a lead in the food-marketing strategy. B. Products without “non-GMO” labels are usually unhealthy. C. Consumers tend to purchase products with “absence claims” labels. D. The “absence claims” labels will have negative effects on consumers. 27. What impact does the new marketing strategy have on food manufacturers? A. It will increase the cost of food processing. B. It will help remove the stigma of their brand. C. It will cut down the sales of their food products. D. It will damage the trust of their cooperative partners. 28. What does the author advise food manufacturers to do? A. Increase food choices for consumers. B. Use “absence claims” labels cautiously. C. Improve the efficiency of food production. D. Innovate the processing methods of food products. 【答案】25. C 26. D 27. C 28. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是“不含声明”标签对消费者和产品供应行业的伤害。 25. 细节理解题。根据首段中的“Whether “non-GMO” or “zero trans fat”, “no added hormones” or “sugar-free”, consumers are demanding more information about what’s in their food.(无论是“非转基因”还是“零反式脂肪”，“不添加激素”还是“无糖”，消费者都要求更多关于食品成分的信息。)”可知，消费者要求更多关于食品成分的类似于“不含声明”的信息，结合第二段中的“Food manufacturers are using the new labels to meet consumers’ demand, with an eye towards giving their products a leg up over the competition, and their bottom lines a boost as well. (食品制造商正在使用新标签来满足消费者的需求，目的是让他们的产品在竞争中占据优势，同时也提高他们的利润。)”可知，消费者需要了解更多关于他们购买的食品的详细信息，生产商为满足消费者的需要，利用新标签在市场上占得先机，由此可知，食品生产商的新的市场营销策略是使用新标签来吸引消费者。故选C项。 26. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“On its face, the new marketing strategy makes sense. But these so-called “absence claims” labels are harmful both to the consumers who purchase the products and the industry that supplies them. (从表面上看，新的营销策略是有道理的。但这些所谓的“不含声明”标签对购买产品的消费者和供应产品的行业都是有害的。)”可知，使用“不含声明”标签这样的营销策略看似很有道理，但对消费者及供应产品的行业来说都是有害的，接下来列举了Hunt’s的案例，并结合“Over the long term, this strategy will have the opposite effect: by creating fear, we run the risk of damaging consumers’ trust.(从长远来看，这种策略将产生相反的效果：通过制造恐惧，我们冒着损害消费者信任的风险。)”可知，这种营销策略从长远看来影响了消费者对产品的信任，综上信息可知，列举Hunt’s案例是为了说明“不含声名”标签对消费者有负面影响。故选D项。 27. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“For food manufacturers, it will damage consumers’ trust, which in turn would lower sales for the whole food industry. (对于食品制造商来说，这将损害消费者的信任，进而降低整个食品行业的销售额。)”可知，对生产商来说，这种新的营销策略损害了消费者对产品的信任，转而降低了产品的销售量。故选C项。 28. 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Therefore, it’s clear that food manufacturers must be careful when using “absence claims” as a marketing strategy. If we allow this kind of label fear-mongering to continue, the losers will be all of us. (因此，很明显，食品制造商在使用“不含声明”标签作为营销策略时必须谨慎。如果我们允许这种散播恐惧的标签继续下去，输家将是我们所有人。)”可知，作者认为食品生产商在使用“不含声明”标签要慎重考虑，否则所有人都是输家，由此可知，作者建议食品生产商慎重使用“不含声明”标签。故选B项。 08（2024·福建漳州·模拟预测） It is very likely that you eat three meals a day. Modern life is designed around this way of eating. However, is this the healthiest way to eat? Before considering how frequently we should eat, scientists urge us to consider when we shouldn’t. Intermittent fasting (间歇性断食), where you restrict your food intake to an eight-hour window, has become a popular area of research. “It allows our digestive system to rest,” says Emily Manoogian at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. Rozalyn Anderson at the University of Wisconsin explains, “Fasting puts the body in a different state, where it’s more ready to clear misfolded proteins.” Misfolded proteins are faulty versions of ordinary proteins, which have been associated with a number of diseases. But if intermittent fasting is a healthy way to eat, how many meals does this leave room for? Some experts argue that it is best to have one meal a day. Manoogian does not recommend doing this, since it can increase the level of glucose (葡萄糖) in our blood when we are not eating. Keeping blood glucose levels down requires eating more regularly than once a day, as this prevents the body from thinking that it is starving and releasing more glucose when you do eventually eat in response. Instead, she says, two to three meals a day is best — with most of your calories consumed earlier in the day.“ So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as fat.” But eating too early in the morning should be avoided, as this would not give you sufficient time to fast. This does not mean we should skip breakfast altogether, either, but some evidence suggests we should wait an hour or two after waking up before cracking open the eggs. Is intermittent fasting realistic? Manoogian thinks that it is best not to specify the best time to eat, as this can be difficult for people with responsibilities and irregular time commitments, such as those working night shifts. But whatever changes you make, researchers agree that consistency is crucial. 29. What can we know about intermittent fasting? A. It focuses on what to eat. B. It cures a number of diseases. C. It keeps the digestive system clean. D. It limits food intake to a fixed duration. 30. What does Manoogian agree with? A. Calories can be hardly consumed in the evening. B. Frequent meals bring about steady blood glucose. C. Two to three meals in the day reduces storage of fat. D. Early eating is recommended for intermittent fasting. 31. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. How intermittent fasting is tested. B. Whether intermittent fasting is safe. C. How intermittent fasting is practiced. D. When people eat during intermittent fasting. 32. What’s the basic principle of intermittent fasting? A. Sticking to a routine. B. Defining a best meal time. C. Having regular working hours. D. Maintaining consistent menus. 【答案】29. D 30. C 31. C 32. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文主要讨论了间歇性禁食的饮食习惯，指出这种限制在8小时内摄入食物的方式可以让消化系统休息，有助于身体清除异常蛋白质。 29. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Intermittent fasting (间歇性断食), where you restrict your food intake to an eight-hour window, has become a popular area of research.”（间歇性禁食，即将食物摄入量限制在8小时内，已经成为一个流行的研究领域。）可知，间歇性禁食将食物摄入限制在固定的时间内。故选D项。 30. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, she says, two to three meals a day is best — with most of your calories consumed earlier in the day.“ So, your body can use the energy you feed it throughout the day, rather than it being stored in your system as fat.””（相反，她说，一天吃两到三顿饭是最好的——你的大部分卡路里都是在一天的早些时候消耗的。“所以，你的身体可以全天使用你提供的能量，而不是以脂肪的形式储存在你的系统中。”）可推知，马诺基安同意一天吃两到三顿饭可以减少脂肪的储存。故选C项。 31. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“But if intermittent fasting is a healthy way to eat, how many meals does this leave room for?”（但是，如果间歇性禁食是一种健康的饮食方式，那么这还能为多少餐留出空间呢？）以及后面的内容可知，该段主要讲的是如何进行间歇性禁食。故选C项。 32. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Is intermittent fasting realistic? Manoogian thinks that it is best not to specify the best time to eat, as this can be difficult for people with responsibilities and irregular time commitments, such as those working night shifts. But whatever changes you make, researchers agree that consistency is crucial.”（间歇性禁食现实吗？马诺基安认为最好不要指定吃饭的最佳时间，因为这对那些有责任和不规律的时间承诺的人来说很难，比如那些上夜班的人。但无论你做出什么改变，研究人员一致认为，一致性至关重要。）可知，间歇性禁食的基本原则是坚持一个常规。故选A项。 $$