专题01 生活与学习 - 2025年高考英语热点话题阅读&时文阅读

专题01 生活与学习（原卷版） 【材料来源：BBC Apr. 15, 2023】 Illeism:The ancient trick to help you think more wisely As a writer specialising in psychology, I've come across hundreds of evidence-based tips for better thinking. Few have proven as useful to me as the ancient strategy of illeism. Put simply, illeism is the practice of talking about oneself in the third person, rather than the first person. The rhetorical device is often used by politicians to try to give their words an air of objectivity. In his account of the Gallic War,for example, the emperor Julius Caesar wrote "Caesar avenged the public" rather than "I avenged the public". To the modern ear, illeism can sound a little silly or pompous.Yet recent psychological research suggests that illeism can bring some real cognitive benefits. If we are trying to make a difficult decision, speaking about ourselves in the third person can help to neutralise the emotions that could lead our thinking astray, allowing us to find a wiser solution to our problem. When making personal choices, we become too immersed in our emotions, which cloud our thinking and prevent us from putting our issues in perspective. If I have received negative feedback from a colleague, for example, my feeling of embarrassment might lead me to become overly self-defensive. I might therefore dismiss their opinions without considering whether their advice could be helpful in the long-term. By switching to the third person, our descriptions of the situation will start to sound as if we are talking about someone else rather than ourselves. This sense of detachment would allow us to see the bigger picture, rather than getting caught up in our own feelings. By encouraging us to put our problems in perspective, the use of illeism may also help us to have a more balanced response to daily stresses. 【译文欣赏】 第三人称叙述法:帮助你更明智地思考的古老技巧 作为一名专攻心理学的作家，我接触过上百种提高思维能力的实证技巧。但对我来说，很少有策略能像古老的“第三人称叙述法”（illeism）一样有用。 简单来说，“illeism”就是用第三人称而不是第一人称来谈论自己。政治家为了给自己的话语增添一种客观的感觉，经常使用这种修辞手法。例如，凯撒大帝（Julius Caesar）在叙述高卢战争（Gallic War）时，写的是“凯撒为公众报了仇”，而不是“我为公众报了仇”。 在现代人听来，用第三人称来谈论自己可能有些愚蠢或者自负。然而，最近的心理学研究表明，这种方式能给人带来一些认知方面的切实好处。如果我们在做某个决定时十分艰难，那么用第三人称谈论自己，就可以中和那些可能导致我们误入歧途的情绪，从而让我们找到解决问题更明智的办法。 在做个人选择时，我们往往会过于沉浸在自己的情绪当中，这会妨碍我们思考，使我们无法更全面地看清问题。比方说，如果我收到了一个同事的负面反馈，这种尴尬感就可能导致我过度自我防卫。因此，我可能会无视他们的意见，而不去考虑这些建议从长远来看是否对自己有帮助。 切换成第三人称后，我们对情况的描述听起来就像是在谈论别人，而不再是我们自己。这种疏离感能够让我们“格局打开”，而不是陷在自己的感受当中。通过鼓励自己用全局视角看问题，使用“第三人称叙述法”也可以帮助我们更加冷静平和地应对日常压力。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【词汇积累】 1.illeism /ˈɪliˌɪzəm/ n. 自称其名（用第三人称称呼自己） 2.specialising /ˈspɛʃəlaɪzɪŋ/ v. 专注于 3.evidence-based /ˈɛvɪdəns beɪst/ adj. 基于证据的 4.rhetorical /rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl/ adj. 修辞的 5.objectivity /ˌɑːbdʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ n. 客观性 6.cognitive /ˈkɑːɡnɪtɪv/ adj. 认知的 7.neutralise /ˈnjuːtrəˌlaɪz/ v. 中和，使无效 8.emotions /ɪˈmoʊʃənz/ n. 情绪 9.detachment /dɪˈtætʃmənt/ n. 超然，客观 10.perspective /pərˈspɛktɪv/ n. 视角，观点 【长难句分析】 原句： "If we are trying to make a difficult decision, speaking about ourselves in the third person can help to neutralise the emotions that could lead our thinking astray, allowing us to find a wiser solution to our problem." 译文： 如果我们试图做出一个困难的决定，用第三人称谈论自己可以帮助中和那些可能使我们的思维偏离正轨的情绪，从而让我们找到一个更明智的解决方案。 分析： 主句: speaking about ourselves in the third person can help to neutralise the emotions that could lead our thinking astray, | +--[主语: speaking about ourselves in the third person] +--[谓语: can help] +--[补语: to neutralise the emotions that could lead our thinking astray] 分词短语: allowing us to find a wiser solution to our problem. | +--[动词: allowing] +--[宾语: us] +--[不定式短语: to find a wiser solution to our problem] （一） （2024·广东广州·二模）Train the important skills modern editors use to evaluate and enhance writing for clarity, precision and accuracy. In this course, students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece, going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization. Understanding the different challenges in an editor’s job, students will get a behind-the-scenes look at this sometimes busy and often exciting career. Meanwhile, students will grow their own technical editing skills and return home a more competent editor. Using Gen Z Era as their case study, students will meet and study under the people who decide what topics are relevant and valuable to the audience and who determine the overall editorial strategy, ensuring that the content meets the standards and tone of the publication. Course Highlights ● Visit the media city and attend lectures by award-winning guest speakers. ● Assess articles as well as question and coach the authors to get the best piece possible. ● Connect with professionals who manage the development and publication of accurate and worthy content. ● Edit one piece into a well-written and fact-checked article in the style of Gen Z Era. Price ● Residential Program (Students live on campus):$6,600 ● Day Program(Students commute to class every day): $5,500 (Graduating seniors can have a $400 discount if applying before May 2,2024.) Term Date: July 9-July 21,2024 Application Deadline: Friday, May 31,2024 Contact Admission:info@gzeeditor.net 1．Which is the probable name of the course? A．Career Development in Media. B．Editorial Decision-making. C．Fundamentals of Editing. D．Introduction to Publication. 2．What will students do in the course? A．Interview award-winning guests. B．Help authors improve their articles. C．Connect with professional publishers. D．Edit one article for Gen Z Era. 3．A graduating senior applying for a Day Program on April 30, 2024 should pay _______. A．$5,100 B．$5,500 C．$6,200 D．$6,600 ( 原句 "In this course, students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece, going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization." 译文 在这门课程中，学生将学习编辑如何处理提交的文章，超越句子层面的错误，关注准确性、风格和组织等大局。 分析 这是一个由逗号连接的复合句。 主句: students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece, | +--[主语: students] +--[谓语: will learn] +--[宾语从句: how an editor approaches a submitted piece] 补充说明: going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization. | +--[现在分词短语: going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization] | +--[并列结构: going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization] ) ( 1. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评估 2. enhance /ɪnˈhæns/ v. 提高 3. accuracy /ˈækjərəsi/ n. 准确性 4. insights /ˈɪnˌsaɪts/ n. 洞察力 5. dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 动态的 6. proficient /prəˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 熟练的 7. curating /ˈkjʊreɪtɪŋ/ v. 策划 8. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ adj. 相关的 9. optimal /ˈɑː ptɪməl/ adj. 最优的 10. publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 出版物 ) （二） （2024·重庆·模拟预测）At Countryside High School in Clearwater, Fla. , 16-year-old Sage Waite is already taking a class in cybersecurity, and she’d welcome one that’s in the works on cyber disinformation. “For the longest time, I didn’t actually know what disinformation was,” said Waite, who’s in the 11th grade. “There was always the idea that things could be wrong in what you’re hearing and what you’re being told. But the idea of misinformation and disinformation wasn’t in my day-to-day.” This past year, she says, has been an eye-opener. “My friends and I definitely started looking into stuff more and doing more research after that,” she said. A new program on “digital literacy,” with a focus on topics like disinformation, is in the pipeline, thanks in part to Mike McConnell, who is now working to fight false information aimed at young people. “We need to understand this so we can appreciate what's happening to us, and be able to not only understand it, but also to navigate through it,” McConnell said. “That’s what I call digital literacy.” McConnell is executive director of Cyber Florida, which is based at the University of South Florida in Tampa. The group works with kids throughout the state at universities, high schools, and even those in younger grades. Cyber Florida helped set up the cybersecurity program now being taught at many Florida schools. The new project, Cyber Citizenship, is even more ambitious. “We think if we can do this for Florida, we can spread it across the nation,” he said. The expanded program now in the works aims to make digital literacy something all Florida students get, at several grade levels, before they finish high school. There’s no date yet for the cyber disinformation classes in Florida, but computer teacher Jason Felt says it can’t come soon enough and he is ready to embrace it. “The Internet is a wonderful tool. It’s connected us in a way that’s never really been seen before. But it’s a blessing and it’s also a curse.” Teaching students the difference, he says, is a huge challenge. 4．What can we learn about the class that Sage Waite is taking from the first two paragraphs? A．It receives a cold welcome. B．It aims to form a bond. C．It focuses on technologies. D．It has a positive impact. 5．What is digital literacy according to MeConnell? A．The specific strategies for protecting privacy. B．The inborn capacity to track fake information. C．The general skills of maintaining cybersecurity. D．The overall ability to handle online information. 6．What is the vision of Cyber Citizenship? A．To outperform Cybersecuritiy. B．To take the lead in the world. C．To reach a wider range of students. D．To make a substantial profit. 7．What is Jason Felt’s attitude towards the cyber disinformation classes? A．Welcoming. B．Unclear. C．Opposed. D．Prejudiced. ( 原句 "There’s no date yet for the cyber disinformation classes in Florida, but computer teacher Jason Felt says it can’t come soon enough and he is ready to embrace it." 译文 佛罗里达州的网络虚假信息课程尚未确定日期，但计算机教师杰森·费尔特说，他希望课程尽快开始，并且他已经准备好接受这项课程。 分析 主句1: There’s no date yet for the cyber disinformation classes in Florida, 连接词: but 主句2: computer teacher Jason Felt says it can’t come soon enough and he is ready to embrace it. | +--[主句: computer teacher Jason Felt says] | +--[主语: computer teacher Jason Felt] +--[谓语: says] 宾语从句1: it can’t come soon enough 宾语从句2: and he is ready to embrace it ) ( 1. cybersecurity /ˌsaɪbərsɪˈkjʊrɪti/ n. 网络安全 2. disinformation /ˌdɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/ n. 虚假信息 3. misinformation /ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/ n. 错误信息 4. eye-opener /ˈaɪˌoʊpənər/ n. 使人大开眼界的事物 5. digital literacy /ˈdɪdʒɪtəl ˈlɪtərəsi/ n. 数字素养 6. pipeline /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/ n. 管道；筹划中 7. ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ adj. 雄心勃勃的 8. navigate /ˈnævɪˌɡeɪt/ v. 导航；应对 9. embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ v. 拥抱；接受 10. curse /kɜːrs/ n. 诅咒；祸害 ) （三） （2024·辽宁·模拟预测）What is a barrier? It usually refers to an obstacle or a difficulty that prevents you from achieving something. Whether it was in your past, or you’ re presently facing one, you have to resolve it. While many people avoid barriers, deny their existence or let barriers control themselves, what stand you take on barriers will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. Here are some more great things to love about barriers. First of all, barriers give you motivations. Sometimes barriers can reset your goals. You might be faced with setbacks or difficulties, you’ re forced to re-think, and re-examine your path. You may end up focusing on something new and exciting. Or, you may concentrate on something that you otherwise wouldn’t have if not for the particular setback. By having to overcome an obstacle, you’ll be fulfilling a purpose, rather than just going through the motions. Also, barriers prepare you for the unexpected. They serve as guides for where to go next. Even though barriers can bring out many negative emotions in us, such as frustration, anger, or sadness, it’s important to realize that they don’t stop you from reaching your intended goals. Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Barriers shift your perspective. Barriers, more often than not, are unavoidable. Life will never stop throwing you new barriers. So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and approach these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you’re able to see barriers as being an advantage to your life, the better you’ll be at managing them. It will be rewarding to accept barriers, which will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, thus allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself. 8．What is the determining factor of the outcome when facing barriers? A．Your specific goals. B．Your own attitude. C．Your diverse preparations. D．Your strong will power. 9．Which of the following is true about barriers? A．They bring you positive emotions. B．They prevent you from realizing your goals. C．They are avoidable if you prepare for them well. D．They enable you to view things in a different way. 10．What does the underlined word “approach” in paragraph 4 mean? A．To cope with. B．To go over. C．To come near to sb. D．To speak to sb about sth. 11．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Life is always throwing us barriers. B．Barriers are double-edged swords. C．Embracing barriers benefits a lot. D．Meeting barriers is actually avoidable. ( 原句 "It will be rewarding to accept barriers, which will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, thus allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself." 译文 接受障碍将是有益的，这将使你不断地改变和适应新的情况，从而让你成长为更好的自己。 分析 这是一个复杂句，由主句、定语从句和分词短语组成。 主句: It will be rewarding to accept barriers, 定语从句: which will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, | +--[先行词: barriers] +--[谓语: will make] +--[宾语: you] +--[宾语补足语: constantly change and adapt to new situations] | +--[并列结构: change and adapt] +--[状语: constantly] +--[状语: to new situations] 分词短语: thus allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself. ) ( 1. barrier /ˈbæriər/ n. 障碍 2. obstacle /ˈɑːbstəkl/ n. 障碍 3. resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ v. 解决 4. deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ v. 否认 5. outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果 6. motivation /ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ n. 动力 7. setback /ˈsɛtbæk/ n. 挫折 8. fulfilling /fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ/ adj. 令人满足的 9. perspective /pərˈspektɪv/ n. 观点 10. transform /trænsˈfɔːrm/ v. 转变 ) （四） （2024·重庆·模拟预测）Charles Darwin found inspiration for his theory of evolution in birds' beaks, giant tortoise shells — and language. “The survival or preservation of certain favored words in the struggle for existence is natural selection, he wrote in The Descent of Man in 1871. Language gradually shifts over time. Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little wrestles with the forces of human cognitive (selection that fix certain words into the vocabulary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that. The scientists carried out two experiments and the results combine to show three properties that give words an “evolutionary advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age such as “hand” or “today”) are stabler. Next, concrete words linger better than abstract ones: “dog” lasts longer than “animal,” which lasts longer than “organism.” Lastly, emotionally exciting words — whether negative or positive — tend to last. Early language-evolution models assumed that language becomes increasingly complex over time. But this new study supports a more recent theory that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, “the English language is not baby talk.” One researcher explains: “Yes, we shift toward simple language, but then we also grab complex language that we need.” New words that address the complexity of modem life may somewhat balance out this shift. The proposed trend toward “simpler” language is controversial. Columbia University linguist John MeWhorter more or less agrees with the study's results about evolutionary advantages within language. He questions, however, implications regarding the overall efficiency of English — a language he says contains things like “needlessly complex” grammatical traces. Study lead author Ying Li, a psychologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a non-native English speaker, notes that English had even more puzzling grammar in the past. MeWhorter, Li supposes, “would complain more if he traveled back 800 years ago.” 12．What does the underlined word “that” in the second paragraph refer to? A．The origin of certain favored words B．The social influence on language formation. C．The cognitive control over language evolution. D．The environmental factor in language decline. 13．Which group may last longest according to the “evolutionary advantage”? A．Mother; cup; happy. B．Hope; trend; realism. C．Metal; plastic; virus. D．Tax; smog; anxious. 14．Which statement is consistent with the findings of the new study? A．It gets harder to communicate in English. B．New words tend to be shorter and simpler. C．The complexity of English has been totally lost. D．The efficiency of English improves as it evolves. 15．How does Ying Li respond to John MeWhorter's questioning? A．Li provides extra data. B．Li makes an assumption. C．Li consults a historical authority. D．Li suggests a solution. ( 原句 "But this new study supports a more recent theory that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, ‘the English language is not baby talk’." 译文 但这项新的研究支持了一个更近期的理论，即语言最终变得更有效率，更容易理解。尽管如此，正如研究所指出的，“英语并不是幼儿语言”。 分析 But [主句: this new study supports a more recent theory that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand] | +--[宾语从句: that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand] | +-- [补充说明: ultimately] (副词，意为“最终”) Still, [过渡句: as the study notes, ‘the English language is not baby talk’] | +--[引用内容: ‘the English language is not baby talk’] ) ( 1. inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ n. 灵感 2. evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ n. 进化 3. preservation /ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃn/ n. 保存 4. selection /sɪˈlɛkʃn/ n. 选择 5. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ v. 影响 6. cognitive /ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/ adj. 认知的 7. extensive /ɪkˈstɛnsɪv/ adj. 广泛的 8. concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ adj. 具体的 9. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ n. 效率 10. controversial /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl/ adj. 有争议的 ) （五） （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）In order to better survive in the world filled with challenges, we ourselves need to be wise. 16 Let me tell you this. Wisdom provides us with perspectives and calms us down in terrible situations. Here are some effective strategies that we can use to get wiser. 17 This will open up new pathways for us. Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you. Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas. If you are humble enough, you will always get to experience something new. Meanwhile, you’re supposed to be the kind of person who learns something new every day. Take new classes, read books and the list goes on and on. 18 All of these activities will help you to tackle problems from different angles, making everything easier. What if you lack self-discipline or need timely guidance? Maybe the best way is to have wise people as your mentors (导师), like teachers, colleagues and even special friends. Prior to making them a mentor, find out what makes them wiser, and then engage in useful dialogue with them. 19 If you have accumulated a lot of knowledge, then why not share it with others too? 20 In today’s world, it is very easy to become wise but it isn’t easy to help others. So keep things balanced and never let go of your passions and values. This will pave the path to success. A．Why is wisdom crucial in this modern world? B．Change your routine and see where life takes you. C．Therefore, you can ask them to supervise you or imitate their mindset. D．Try surfing the Internet and clear out your problems that confuse you. E．Sometimes we can benefit a lot from being open to diverse perspectives. F．By spending more time with them, there will be more transfer of knowledge to you. G．Communicating with others and helping them out will also increase your wisdom. ( 原句 "Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you. Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas. If you are humble enough, you will always get to experience something new." 译文 永远不要根据最流行的观点或最让你舒适的观点来建立你的看法。相反，要训练你的头脑，使其成为一个对各种想法不加评判的空间。如果你足够谦逊，你将总是能够体验到新事物。 分析 句子1: Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you. | +--[否定命令句: Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you] 句子2: Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas. | +--[命令句: train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas] 句子3: If you are humble enough, you will always get to experience something new. | +--[条件状语从句: If you are humble enough] +--[主句: you will always get to experience something new] ) ( 1. survive /sərˈvaɪv/ v. 生存 2. challenges /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/ n. 挑战 3. perspectives /pərˈspɛktɪvz/ n. 观点 4. strategies /ˈstrætədʒiz/ n. 策略 5. pathways /ˈpæθˌweɪz/ n. 路径 6. discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 纪律 7. guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/ n. 指导 8. mentors /ˈmɛntɔrz/ n. 导师 9. accumulated /əˈkjuːmjəˌleɪtɪd/ adj. 积累的 10. supervise /ˈsuːpərˌvaɪz/ v. 监督 ) （六） （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）Spanish class scared me in the freshman year. I knew little Spanish before starting the class, and I thought it would be 21 for me. However, Mary, our honored Spanish teacher, who was full of creativity, made her class fun from the beginning. I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, but there was always some slight 22 . Before the exam, Mary often asked us to 23 our lessons by ourselves. But I could remember one day she said, “This time, let’s play a game before going over what you’ve learned.” The game was so interesting that we all 24 ourselves. After the exam, Mary gave us opportunities to make up for our 25 . After each error correction, she would check again. She took things so 26 that she wouldn’t overlook any detail. No wonder she was 27 by us. Mary was 28 and willing to help, within reason, on everything. We could ask her questions at any time. She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class. Because of that, I was 29 enough, and then I could communicate with Spanish speakers outside of class. When she knew our problems, she would give advice. When someone was struggling, she would 30 . Mary’s 31 teaching eventually transformed my 32 into fascination. She infused (灌输) foreign culture into lessons, using music and dance to 33 our language skills. Her personalized attention to each student’s needs fostered a(n) 34 environment. At the end of the term, my Spanish improved, and my confidence soared. Mary left a lasting impact on my 35 for new challenges. 21．A．exciting B．easy C．boring D．beneficial 22．A．variation B．disturbance C．annoyance D．inconvenience 23．A．explain B．describe C．prepare D．review 24．A．challenged B．enjoyed C．trusted D．developed 25．A．experience B．time C．losses D．mistakes 26．A．seriously B．roughly C．modestly D．curiously 27．A．amused B．respected C．judged D．spotted 28．A．understanding B．humble C．athletic D．courageous 29．A．discouraged B．suspected C．heartened D．comforted 30．A．set out B．reach out C．get out D．make out 31．A．passive B．conventional C．voluntary D．innovative 32．A．fear B．sorrow C．anger D．confusion 33．A．know B．match C．enhance D．assess 34．A．secure B．supportive C．economic D．competitive 35．A．pity B．profit C．debate D．desire ( 原句 "I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, but there was always some slight variation." 译文 我知道每周的时间表是什么样的，但总会有一些细微的变化。 主句1: I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, | +--[宾语: what to expect with a schedule for each week] | +--[宾语从句: what to expect with a schedule for each week] 连接词: but 主句2: there was always some slight variation. ) ( 1. variation /ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən/ n. 变化 2. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvɪti/ n. 创造力 3. opportunities /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnɪtiz/ n. 机会 4. mistakes /mɪˈsteɪks/ n. 错误 5. seriously /ˈsɪriəsli/ adv. 认真地 6. respected /rɪˈspɛktɪd/ adj. 受尊敬的 7. understanding /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 体谅的 8. heartened /ˈhɑːrtənd/ adj. 受到鼓舞的 9. accumulated /əˈkjuːmjəˌleɪtɪd/ adj. 积累的 10 transformed /trænsˈfɔːrmd/ v. 转变 ) （一） （2024·北京·高考真题）When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 1．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged. 2．In her 30s, the author _________. A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings 3．Which word would best describe the author’s dream? A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Hard work is the mother of success. C．Dreams are the reflections of realities. D．Creative activities involve being confident. （二） （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷C篇·高考真题）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 5．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 6．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 7．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 8．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. （三） （2024·浙江·高考真题）In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 9 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 10 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 11 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 12 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 13 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A．But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B．Your motivation should be your main concern. C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E．The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. （四） （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷完形填空·高考真题）I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 14 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 15 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 16 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 17 it! Between the girl making my 18 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 19 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I 20 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 21 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 22 her bike and went for a ride. The 23 : the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 24 . That day, I got 25 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 26 . I’ve 27 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 28 I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 14．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit 15．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently 16．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training 17．A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved 18．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence 19．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason 20．A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with 21．A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved 22．A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked 23．A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice 24．A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges 25．A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped 26．A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing 27．A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried 28．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests Task 1 本专题的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“生活与学习”，与学生们的日常生活和学习密切相关，旨在帮助学生们认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （2024·山东·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 On a sunny Friday morning, Mr. Stone, the Grade 4 head teacher, walked into the classroom with a new student following him. She was a lively girl from Mexico, and her red mushroom hair cut immediately drew everyone’s eyes. With a welcoming smile, Mr. Stone gestured for her to sit beside Mike, a student known for teasing others. During break time, Mike couldn’t help but laugh when he caught sight of his new deskmate. Sara’s distinctive hairstyle seemed like an open invitation for him to make fun of her. Leaning in towards Sara, he playfully suggested, “Hey, Sara. Ever thought about changing your name to Dora? You look just like Dora the Explorer!” His words caused laughter and cheers from the others in the classroom. Sara’s eyes filled with tears, her cheeks turning red with embarrassment. Feeling hurt and upset, she stood up suddenly, rushing to the teacher’s office to seek support from Mr. Stone. After hearing her story, Mr. Stone offered her gentle comfort, saying, “Sara, your hairstyle is truly pretty. Remember, everyone has their own sense of beauty.” Mr. Stone then directed his attention to Mike, expressing his disappointment and urging Mike to apologize to Sara. “Mike,” he continued, “your actions were unkind. We must treat everyone with empathy(同情). Laughing at Sara’s hair has deeply hurt her.” This conflict was temporarily settled, but Mr. Stone found himself lost in thought. Reflecting on his own childhood, Mr. Stone recalled how he had been teased for being overweight. The pain caused by hurtful words was like wrinkles on a crumpled(压皱的)ball of paper. Even if you smoothed them out, the wrinkles stayed. He wanted to teach an important lesson to Mike, the troublemaker. Then, a unique strategy came to mind. He contacted Mike’s mother, explaining the situation and discussing a plan with her to develop empathy in her son. They agreed that over the weekend, Mike’s mother would arrange for Mike to have his hair cut extremely short. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 On Monday morning, Mike unwillingly approached the classroom.__________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At that moment, Mr. Stone walked into the classroom with a ball of paper._____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 生活与学习（解析版） 【材料来源：BBC Apr. 15, 2023】 Illeism:The ancient trick to help you think more wisely As a writer specialising in psychology, I've come across hundreds of evidence-based tips for better thinking. Few have proven as useful to me as the ancient strategy of illeism. Put simply, illeism is the practice of talking about oneself in the third person, rather than the first person. The rhetorical device is often used by politicians to try to give their words an air of objectivity. In his account of the Gallic War,for example, the emperor Julius Caesar wrote "Caesar avenged the public" rather than "I avenged the public". To the modern ear, illeism can sound a little silly or pompous.Yet recent psychological research suggests that illeism can bring some real cognitive benefits. If we are trying to make a difficult decision, speaking about ourselves in the third person can help to neutralise the emotions that could lead our thinking astray, allowing us to find a wiser solution to our problem. When making personal choices, we become too immersed in our emotions, which cloud our thinking and prevent us from putting our issues in perspective. If I have received negative feedback from a colleague, for example, my feeling of embarrassment might lead me to become overly self-defensive. I might therefore dismiss their opinions without considering whether their advice could be helpful in the long-term. By switching to the third person, our descriptions of the situation will start to sound as if we are talking about someone else rather than ourselves. This sense of detachment would allow us to see the bigger picture, rather than getting caught up in our own feelings. By encouraging us to put our problems in perspective, the use of illeism may also help us to have a more balanced response to daily stresses. 【译文欣赏】 第三人称叙述法:帮助你更明智地思考的古老技巧 作为一名专攻心理学的作家，我接触过上百种提高思维能力的实证技巧。但对我来说，很少有策略能像古老的“第三人称叙述法”（illeism）一样有用。 简单来说，“illeism”就是用第三人称而不是第一人称来谈论自己。政治家为了给自己的话语增添一种客观的感觉，经常使用这种修辞手法。例如，凯撒大帝（Julius Caesar）在叙述高卢战争（Gallic War）时，写的是“凯撒为公众报了仇”，而不是“我为公众报了仇”。 在现代人听来，用第三人称来谈论自己可能有些愚蠢或者自负。然而，最近的心理学研究表明，这种方式能给人带来一些认知方面的切实好处。如果我们在做某个决定时十分艰难，那么用第三人称谈论自己，就可以中和那些可能导致我们误入歧途的情绪，从而让我们找到解决问题更明智的办法。 在做个人选择时，我们往往会过于沉浸在自己的情绪当中，这会妨碍我们思考，使我们无法更全面地看清问题。比方说，如果我收到了一个同事的负面反馈，这种尴尬感就可能导致我过度自我防卫。因此，我可能会无视他们的意见，而不去考虑这些建议从长远来看是否对自己有帮助。 切换成第三人称后，我们对情况的描述听起来就像是在谈论别人，而不再是我们自己。这种疏离感能够让我们“格局打开”，而不是陷在自己的感受当中。通过鼓励自己用全局视角看问题，使用“第三人称叙述法”也可以帮助我们更加冷静平和地应对日常压力。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【词汇积累】 1.illeism /ˈɪliˌɪzəm/ n. 自称其名（用第三人称称呼自己） 2.specialising /ˈspɛʃəlaɪzɪŋ/ v. 专注于 3.evidence-based /ˈɛvɪdəns beɪst/ adj. 基于证据的 4.rhetorical /rɪˈtɔːrɪkəl/ adj. 修辞的 5.objectivity /ˌɑːbdʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ n. 客观性 6.cognitive /ˈkɑːɡnɪtɪv/ adj. 认知的 7.neutralise /ˈnjuːtrəˌlaɪz/ v. 中和，使无效 8.emotions /ɪˈmoʊʃənz/ n. 情绪 9.detachment /dɪˈtætʃmənt/ n. 超然，客观 10.perspective /pərˈspɛktɪv/ n. 视角，观点 【长难句分析】 原句： "If we are trying to make a difficult decision, speaking about ourselves in the third person can help to neutralise the emotions that could lead our thinking astray, allowing us to find a wiser solution to our problem." 译文： 如果我们试图做出一个困难的决定，用第三人称谈论自己可以帮助中和那些可能使我们的思维偏离正轨的情绪，从而让我们找到一个更明智的解决方案。 分析： 主句: speaking about ourselves in the third person can help to neutralise the emotions that could lead our thinking astray, | +--[主语: speaking about ourselves in the third person] +--[谓语: can help] +--[补语: to neutralise the emotions that could lead our thinking astray] 分词短语: allowing us to find a wiser solution to our problem. | +--[动词: allowing] +--[宾语: us] +--[不定式短语: to find a wiser solution to our problem] （一） （2024·广东广州·二模）Train the important skills modern editors use to evaluate and enhance writing for clarity, precision and accuracy. In this course, students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece, going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization. Understanding the different challenges in an editor’s job, students will get a behind-the-scenes look at this sometimes busy and often exciting career. Meanwhile, students will grow their own technical editing skills and return home a more competent editor. Using Gen Z Era as their case study, students will meet and study under the people who decide what topics are relevant and valuable to the audience and who determine the overall editorial strategy, ensuring that the content meets the standards and tone of the publication. Course Highlights ● Visit the media city and attend lectures by award-winning guest speakers. ● Assess articles as well as question and coach the authors to get the best piece possible. ● Connect with professionals who manage the development and publication of accurate and worthy content. ● Edit one piece into a well-written and fact-checked article in the style of Gen Z Era. Price ● Residential Program (Students live on campus):$6,600 ● Day Program(Students commute to class every day): $5,500 (Graduating seniors can have a $400 discount if applying before May 2,2024.) Term Date: July 9-July 21,2024 Application Deadline: Friday, May 31,2024 Contact Admission:info@gzeeditor.net 1．Which is the probable name of the course? A．Career Development in Media. B．Editorial Decision-making. C．Fundamentals of Editing. D．Introduction to Publication. 2．What will students do in the course? A．Interview award-winning guests. B．Help authors improve their articles. C．Connect with professional publishers. D．Edit one article for Gen Z Era. 3．A graduating senior applying for a Day Program on April 30, 2024 should pay _______. A．$5,100 B．$5,500 C．$6,200 D．$6,600 【答案速查】1．C 2．B 3．A 【语篇解读】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了编辑基础课程的相关信息、课程内容及价格。 【详情解析】1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Train the important skills modern editors use to evaluate and enhance writing for clarity, precision and accuracy.(培训现代编辑评估和提高写作清晰度、精确性和准确性的重要技能)”及第二段“In this course, students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece, going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization.(在这门课程中，学生将学习编辑如何处理投稿的文章，超越句子级别的错误，从准确性、风格和组织的角度看问题)”可知，本文介绍了一门基础编辑课程。C选项“编辑基础”最有可能是该课程名称。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Course Highlights中关键句“Assess articles as well as question and coach the authors to get the best piece possible.(评估文章，并提问和指导作者尽可能获得最好的文章)”可知，在这门课程中，学生们会帮助作者改进他们的文章。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Price中关键句“Day Program(Students commute to class every day): $5,500(日间项目（学生每天通勤去上课）：5500美元)”及“Graduating seniors can have a $400 discount if applying before May 2,2024.(如果在2024年5月2日前申请，应届毕业生可以获得400美元的折扣)”可知，一个应届毕业生在2024年4月30日去申请日间项目，需要花费5500-400美元，即5100美元。故选A。 ( 原句 "In this course, students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece, going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization." 译文 在这门课程中，学生将学习编辑如何处理提交的文章，超越句子层面的错误，关注准确性、风格和组织等大局。 分析 这是一个由逗号连接的复合句。 主句: students will learn how an editor approaches a submitted piece, | +--[主语: students] +--[谓语: will learn] +--[宾语从句: how an editor approaches a submitted piece] 补充说明: going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization. | +--[现在分词短语: going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization] | +--[并列结构: going beyond sentence-level error and looking at the big picture around accuracy, style and organization] ) ( 1. evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/ v. 评估 2. enhance /ɪnˈhæns/ v. 提高 3. accuracy /ˈækjərəsi/ n. 准确性 4. insights /ˈɪnˌsaɪts/ n. 洞察力 5. dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 动态的 6. proficient /prəˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 熟练的 7. curating /ˈkjʊreɪtɪŋ/ v. 策划 8. relevant /ˈreləvənt/ adj. 相关的 9. optimal /ˈɑː ptɪməl/ adj. 最优的 10. publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 出版物 ) （二） （2024·重庆·模拟预测）At Countryside High School in Clearwater, Fla. , 16-year-old Sage Waite is already taking a class in cybersecurity, and she’d welcome one that’s in the works on cyber disinformation. “For the longest time, I didn’t actually know what disinformation was,” said Waite, who’s in the 11th grade. “There was always the idea that things could be wrong in what you’re hearing and what you’re being told. But the idea of misinformation and disinformation wasn’t in my day-to-day.” This past year, she says, has been an eye-opener. “My friends and I definitely started looking into stuff more and doing more research after that,” she said. A new program on “digital literacy,” with a focus on topics like disinformation, is in the pipeline, thanks in part to Mike McConnell, who is now working to fight false information aimed at young people. “We need to understand this so we can appreciate what's happening to us, and be able to not only understand it, but also to navigate through it,” McConnell said. “That’s what I call digital literacy.” McConnell is executive director of Cyber Florida, which is based at the University of South Florida in Tampa. The group works with kids throughout the state at universities, high schools, and even those in younger grades. Cyber Florida helped set up the cybersecurity program now being taught at many Florida schools. The new project, Cyber Citizenship, is even more ambitious. “We think if we can do this for Florida, we can spread it across the nation,” he said. The expanded program now in the works aims to make digital literacy something all Florida students get, at several grade levels, before they finish high school. There’s no date yet for the cyber disinformation classes in Florida, but computer teacher Jason Felt says it can’t come soon enough and he is ready to embrace it. “The Internet is a wonderful tool. It’s connected us in a way that’s never really been seen before. But it’s a blessing and it’s also a curse.” Teaching students the difference, he says, is a huge challenge. 4．What can we learn about the class that Sage Waite is taking from the first two paragraphs? A．It receives a cold welcome. B．It aims to form a bond. C．It focuses on technologies. D．It has a positive impact. 5．What is digital literacy according to MeConnell? A．The specific strategies for protecting privacy. B．The inborn capacity to track fake information. C．The general skills of maintaining cybersecurity. D．The overall ability to handle online information. 6．What is the vision of Cyber Citizenship? A．To outperform Cybersecuritiy. B．To take the lead in the world. C．To reach a wider range of students. D．To make a substantial profit. 7．What is Jason Felt’s attitude towards the cyber disinformation classes? A．Welcoming. B．Unclear. C．Opposed. D．Prejudiced. 【答案速查】4．D 5．D 6．C 7．A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了Mike McConnell开展数字素养课程项目。 【详情解析】4．推理判断题。根据第一段“At Countryside High School in Clearwater, Fla. , 16-year-old Sage Waite is already taking a class in cybersecurity, and she’d welcome one that’s in the works on cyber disinformation.”（在佛罗里达州克利尔沃特的乡村高中，16岁的Sage Waite已经在上网络安全课程，她很欢迎正在学习的网络虚假信息课程。）及第二段中的“This past year, she says, has been an eye-opener. “My friends and I definitely started looking into stuff more and doing more research after that,” she said.” (她说，过去的一年让人大开眼界。她说：“我和我的朋友们肯定开始更多地研究这些东西，并在那之后做更多的研究。”)可知，这门课让她开了眼界，并产生了一些积极影响，故选D项。 5．推理判断题。从第三段“ “We need to understand this so we can appreciate what’s happening to us, and be able to not only understand it, but also to navigate through it,” McConnell said. “That’s what I call digital literacy.” ”(McConnell 说：“我们需要理解这一点，这样我们才能理解发生在我们身上的事情，不仅能够理解它，而且能够驾驭它,”“这就是我所说的数字素养。”)可知，数字素养是对网络信息的综合处理能力。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。从第四段“The new project, Cyber Citizenship, is even more ambitious. “We think if we can do this for Florida, we can spread it across the nation,” he said.”（新项目“网络公民”更具雄心。他说：“我们认为，如果我们能为佛罗里达州做到这一点，我们就能将其传播到全国。”）可知，这个新的项目构想是推广到全国的学校。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。从倒数第三段“There’s no date yet for the cyber disinformation classes in Florida, but computer teacher Jason Felt says it can’t come soon enough and he is ready to embrace it..”(佛罗里达州的网络虚假信息课程还没有日期，但计算机老师Jason Felt表示，这还不够快，他已经准备好接受它。)可知，Jason Felt对这个课程很期待。故选A项。 ( 原句 "There’s no date yet for the cyber disinformation classes in Florida, but computer teacher Jason Felt says it can’t come soon enough and he is ready to embrace it." 译文 佛罗里达州的网络虚假信息课程尚未确定日期，但计算机教师杰森·费尔特说，他希望课程尽快开始，并且他已经准备好接受这项课程。 分析 主句1: There’s no date yet for the cyber disinformation classes in Florida, 连接词: but 主句2: computer teacher Jason Felt says it can’t come soon enough and he is ready to embrace it. | +--[主句: computer teacher Jason Felt says] | +--[主语: computer teacher Jason Felt] +--[谓语: says] 宾语从句1: it can’t come soon enough 宾语从句2: and he is ready to embrace it ) ( 1. cybersecurity /ˌsaɪbərsɪˈkjʊrɪti/ n. 网络安全 2. disinformation /ˌdɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/ n. 虚假信息 3. misinformation /ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/ n. 错误信息 4. eye-opener /ˈaɪˌoʊpənər/ n. 使人大开眼界的事物 5. digital literacy /ˈdɪdʒɪtəl ˈlɪtərəsi/ n. 数字素养 6. pipeline /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/ n. 管道；筹划中 7. ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ adj. 雄心勃勃的 8. navigate /ˈnævɪˌɡeɪt/ v. 导航；应对 9. embrace /ɪmˈbreɪs/ v. 拥抱；接受 10. curse /kɜːrs/ n. 诅咒；祸害 ) （三） （2024·辽宁·模拟预测）What is a barrier? It usually refers to an obstacle or a difficulty that prevents you from achieving something. Whether it was in your past, or you’ re presently facing one, you have to resolve it. While many people avoid barriers, deny their existence or let barriers control themselves, what stand you take on barriers will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it. Here are some more great things to love about barriers. First of all, barriers give you motivations. Sometimes barriers can reset your goals. You might be faced with setbacks or difficulties, you’ re forced to re-think, and re-examine your path. You may end up focusing on something new and exciting. Or, you may concentrate on something that you otherwise wouldn’t have if not for the particular setback. By having to overcome an obstacle, you’ll be fulfilling a purpose, rather than just going through the motions. Also, barriers prepare you for the unexpected. They serve as guides for where to go next. Even though barriers can bring out many negative emotions in us, such as frustration, anger, or sadness, it’s important to realize that they don’t stop you from reaching your intended goals. Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way. Barriers shift your perspective. Barriers, more often than not, are unavoidable. Life will never stop throwing you new barriers. So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and approach these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you’re able to see barriers as being an advantage to your life, the better you’ll be at managing them. It will be rewarding to accept barriers, which will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, thus allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself. 8．What is the determining factor of the outcome when facing barriers? A．Your specific goals. B．Your own attitude. C．Your diverse preparations. D．Your strong will power. 9．Which of the following is true about barriers? A．They bring you positive emotions. B．They prevent you from realizing your goals. C．They are avoidable if you prepare for them well. D．They enable you to view things in a different way. 10．What does the underlined word “approach” in paragraph 4 mean? A．To cope with. B．To go over. C．To come near to sb. D．To speak to sb about sth. 11．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Life is always throwing us barriers. B．Barriers are double-edged swords. C．Embracing barriers benefits a lot. D．Meeting barriers is actually avoidable. 【答案速查】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．C 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了是什么是障碍以及障碍会给你带来的好处。接受障碍是有益的，这会让你不断改变和适应新的情况，从而让你成长为一个更好的自己。 【详情解析】8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“While many people avoid barriers, deny their existence or let barriers control themselves, what stand you take on barriers will define the outcome of whether you rise from the challenge, or remain stuck in it.”（当许多人回避障碍，否认它们的存在或让障碍控制自己时，你对障碍的立场将决定你是从挑战中崛起，还是陷入困境。）以及倒数第二段中“So, the best thing to do is know how to better see and approach these obstacles, and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement. The more you’re able to see barriers as being an advantage to your life, the better you’ll be at managing them.”（所以，最好的办法就是知道如何更好地看待和处理这些障碍，并将它们转化为自我提升的机会。你越能把障碍看作是你生活中的优势，你就越能更好地处理它们。）可推知，当面对障碍时，决定结果的因素是你自己的态度。故选B项。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“You might be faced with setbacks or difficulties, you’ re forced to re-think, and re-examine your path.”（你可能会遇到挫折或困难，你被迫重新思考，重新审视你的道路。）以及第三段中“Instead, they, in a way, give you time to stop and think if perhaps there is a new and better path to take and what you can prepare for what will happen along the way.”（相反，在某种程度上，它们会给你时间停下来思考是否有一条新的更好的道路可以走，以及你可以为沿途发生的事情做些什么准备。）可知，关于障碍，“它们能让你以不同的方式看待事物”这个陈述是正确的。故选D项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Life will never stop throwing you new barriers.”（生活永远不会停止给你设置新的障碍。）以及划线单词句中“and transform them into opportunities for self-improvement.”（并将它们转化为自我提升的机会。）由此可知，此处为：所以，最好的办法就是知道如何更好地看待和处理这些障碍。故可此处划线单词approach为“处理”的意思，结合A选项中的To cope with“应付，处理”意思一致。故选A项。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It will be rewarding to accept barriers, which will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, thus allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself.”（接受障碍是有益的，这会让你不断改变和适应新的情况，从而让你成长为一个更好的自己。）可知，文章主要讲的是什么是障碍以及障碍会给你带来的好处。接受障碍是有益的，这会让你不断改变和适应新的情况，从而让你成长为一个更好的自己。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是“拥抱障碍会带来很多好处”。故选C项。 ( 原句 "It will be rewarding to accept barriers, which will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, thus allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself." 译文 接受障碍将是有益的，这将使你不断地改变和适应新的情况，从而让你成长为更好的自己。 分析 这是一个复杂句，由主句、定语从句和分词短语组成。 主句: It will be rewarding to accept barriers, 定语从句: which will make you constantly change and adapt to new situations, | +--[先行词: barriers] +--[谓语: will make] +--[宾语: you] +--[宾语补足语: constantly change and adapt to new situations] | +--[并列结构: change and adapt] +--[状语: constantly] +--[状语: to new situations] 分词短语: thus allowing you to grow into a better version of yourself. ) ( 1. barrier /ˈbæriər/ n. 障碍 2. obstacle /ˈɑːbstəkl/ n. 障碍 3. resolve /rɪˈzɑːlv/ v. 解决 4. deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ v. 否认 5. outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果 6. motivation /ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ n. 动力 7. setback /ˈsɛtbæk/ n. 挫折 8. fulfilling /fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ/ adj. 令人满足的 9. perspective /pərˈspektɪv/ n. 观点 10. transform /trænsˈfɔːrm/ v. 转变 ) （四） （2024·重庆·模拟预测）Charles Darwin found inspiration for his theory of evolution in birds' beaks, giant tortoise shells — and language. “The survival or preservation of certain favored words in the struggle for existence is natural selection, he wrote in The Descent of Man in 1871. Language gradually shifts over time. Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little wrestles with the forces of human cognitive (selection that fix certain words into the vocabulary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that. The scientists carried out two experiments and the results combine to show three properties that give words an “evolutionary advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age such as “hand” or “today”) are stabler. Next, concrete words linger better than abstract ones: “dog” lasts longer than “animal,” which lasts longer than “organism.” Lastly, emotionally exciting words — whether negative or positive — tend to last. Early language-evolution models assumed that language becomes increasingly complex over time. But this new study supports a more recent theory that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, “the English language is not baby talk.” One researcher explains: “Yes, we shift toward simple language, but then we also grab complex language that we need.” New words that address the complexity of modem life may somewhat balance out this shift. The proposed trend toward “simpler” language is controversial. Columbia University linguist John MeWhorter more or less agrees with the study's results about evolutionary advantages within language. He questions, however, implications regarding the overall efficiency of English — a language he says contains things like “needlessly complex” grammatical traces. Study lead author Ying Li, a psychologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a non-native English speaker, notes that English had even more puzzling grammar in the past. MeWhorter, Li supposes, “would complain more if he traveled back 800 years ago.” 12．What does the underlined word “that” in the second paragraph refer to? A．The origin of certain favored words B．The social influence on language formation. C．The cognitive control over language evolution. D．The environmental factor in language decline. 13．Which group may last longest according to the “evolutionary advantage”? A．Mother; cup; happy. B．Hope; trend; realism. C．Metal; plastic; virus. D．Tax; smog; anxious. 14．Which statement is consistent with the findings of the new study? A．It gets harder to communicate in English. B．New words tend to be shorter and simpler. C．The complexity of English has been totally lost. D．The efficiency of English improves as it evolves. 15．How does Ying Li respond to John MeWhorter's questioning? A．Li provides extra data. B．Li makes an assumption. C．Li consults a historical authority. D．Li suggests a solution. 【答案速查】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于语言进化的研究。科学家通过实验发现，某些词汇在人类认知选择中具有“进化优势”，从而更容易被记住和使用。 【详情解析】12．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little wrestles with the forces of human cognitive (认知的) selection that fix certain words into the vocabulary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that(许多研究都在探讨社会和环境因素如何影响语言变化，但很少有人深入研究人类认知选择的力量，这种力量将某些词汇固定在词汇表中。一项广泛的新研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上，科学家们正是对此进行了调查)”可知以前的研究是关于社会和环境对语言变化的影响，而这个研究填补的空白是人类认知对语言发展的作用力。所以第二段划线词指代的是人类认知对语言发展的作用力，故选C。 13．推理判断题。根据第三段“First, words typically acquired at an early age (such as ‘hand’ or ‘today’) are stabler. Next, concrete words linger better than abstract ones: ‘dog’ lasts longer than ‘animal,’ which lasts longer than ‘organism.’ Lastly, emotionally exciting words—whether negative or positive—tend to last.( 首先，通常在儿童早期习得的词汇（如“手”或“今天”）更为稳定。其次，具体的词汇比抽象的词汇更持久：“狗”的持续时间比“动物”长，而“动物”的持续时间又比“生物”长。最后，无论是消极还是积极的情感激动词，往往都会持续存在)”可知，生命早期较之后期习得的词汇，具体的词汇较之抽象的词汇，以及与情绪相关的词汇在人的头脑中持续得较久。综合比较而言A选项词汇Mother, cup, happy都属于生命早期习得的词汇，mother, cup是具体词汇，happy是情绪相关的词汇，所以A项词汇有可能持续时间最长，故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第四段“But this new study supports a more recent theory that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, ‘the English language is not baby talk’. One researcher explains: ‘Yes, we shift toward simple language, but then we also grab complex language that we need.’ New words that address the complexity of modern life may somewhat balance out this shift(但这项新研究支持了一个较新的理论，即语言最终会变得更加高效和易于理解。然而，正如研究指出的那样，“英语不是婴儿语言”。一位研究人员解释说：“是的，我们转向简单的语言，但随后我们也会使用我们需要的复杂语言。”用来描述现代生活复杂性的新词可能会在一定程度上平衡这种转变)”可知，英语总体变得越来越有效率和愈来愈简单，并非新词汇变得越来越短，也并没有完全失去复杂性。故选D。 15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Study lead author Ying Li, a psychologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a non-native English speaker, notes that English had even more puzzling grammar in the past. MeWhorter, Li supposes, “would complain more if he traveled back 800 years ago(该研究的主要作者、中国科学院心理学家兼非英语母语者李颖指出，英语过去的语法甚至更令人困惑。李颖推测，如果梅沃特回到800年前，他“会抱怨得更多”。)”可知，李颖使用了一种假设的方法回应梅沃特的质疑，故选B。 ( 原句 "But this new study supports a more recent theory that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, ‘the English language is not baby talk’." 译文 但这项新的研究支持了一个更近期的理论，即语言最终变得更有效率，更容易理解。尽管如此，正如研究所指出的，“英语并不是幼儿语言”。 分析 But [主句: this new study supports a more recent theory that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand] | +--[宾语从句: that language ultimately gets more efficient and easier to understand] | +-- [补充说明: ultimately] (副词，意为“最终”) Still, [过渡句: as the study notes, ‘the English language is not baby talk’] | +--[引用内容: ‘the English language is not baby talk’] ) ( 1. inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ n. 灵感 2. evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ n. 进化 3. preservation /ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃn/ n. 保存 4. selection /sɪˈlɛkʃn/ n. 选择 5. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ v. 影响 6. cognitive /ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/ adj. 认知的 7. extensive /ɪkˈstɛnsɪv/ adj. 广泛的 8. concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ adj. 具体的 9. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/ n. 效率 10. controversial /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃəl/ adj. 有争议的 ) （五） （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）In order to better survive in the world filled with challenges, we ourselves need to be wise. 16 Let me tell you this. Wisdom provides us with perspectives and calms us down in terrible situations. Here are some effective strategies that we can use to get wiser. 17 This will open up new pathways for us. Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you. Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas. If you are humble enough, you will always get to experience something new. Meanwhile, you’re supposed to be the kind of person who learns something new every day. Take new classes, read books and the list goes on and on. 18 All of these activities will help you to tackle problems from different angles, making everything easier. What if you lack self-discipline or need timely guidance? Maybe the best way is to have wise people as your mentors (导师), like teachers, colleagues and even special friends. Prior to making them a mentor, find out what makes them wiser, and then engage in useful dialogue with them. 19 If you have accumulated a lot of knowledge, then why not share it with others too? 20 In today’s world, it is very easy to become wise but it isn’t easy to help others. So keep things balanced and never let go of your passions and values. This will pave the path to success. A．Why is wisdom crucial in this modern world? B．Change your routine and see where life takes you. C．Therefore, you can ask them to supervise you or imitate their mindset. D．Try surfing the Internet and clear out your problems that confuse you. E．Sometimes we can benefit a lot from being open to diverse perspectives. F．By spending more time with them, there will be more transfer of knowledge to you. G．Communicating with others and helping them out will also increase your wisdom. 【答案速查】16．A 17．E 18．D 19．F 20．G 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。作者就如何获得人生智慧给出了建议，帮助读者更好地面对充满挑战的世界以及生活中的困境。 【详情解析】16．下文“Let me tell you this. Wisdom provides us with perspectives and calms us down in terrible situations. (让我告诉你。智慧为我们提供视角，让我们在糟糕的情况下冷静下来。)”回答了智慧为什么如此重要的问题，选项A“为什么智慧在现代社会如此重要？”引出下文。故选A项。 17．下文“Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you. Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas. If you are humble enough, you will always get to experience something new. (永远不要把你的观点建立在最流行的观点或对你来说最舒服的观点上。相反，训练你的大脑成为一个不受评判的思想空间。如果你足够谦虚，你总能体验到新的东西。)”说明本段主要建议要虚心接受别人的观点，选项E“有时候，我们可以从接纳不同的观点中获益良多。”引领下文，是本段主旨句，建议接纳不同观点。故选E项。 18．上文“Take new classes, read books and the list goes on and on. (参加新的课程，阅读书籍，这样的例子不胜枚举。)” 列举学习新事物的一些具体方式，选项D“试着上网，理清那些让你困惑的问题。”承接上文，继续列举学习的新方式，引出下文“All of these activities will help you to tackle problems from different angles, making everything easier.(所有这些活动将帮助你从不同的角度解决问题，使一切变得更容易。)”和上文存在因果关系。故选D项。 19．上文“Maybe the best way is to have wise people as your mentors(导师), like teachers, colleagues and even special friends. Prior to making them a mentor, find out what makes them wiser, and then engage in useful dialogue with them. (也许最好的方法是找一些有智慧的人做你的导师，比如老师、同事，甚至是特别的朋友。在成为他们的导师之前，找出是什么让他们变得更聪明，然后与他们进行有益的对话。)”建议寻找良师益友，向他们学习，选项F“花更多的时间和他们在一起，你会学到更多的知识。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，有了良师益友，多和他们在一起，就会增长知识。故选F项。 20．上文“If you have accumulated a lot of knowledge, then why not share it with others too? (如果你积累了很多知识，那么为什么不与他人分享呢？)”建议和他人分享所学知识，选项G“与他人交流并帮助他们也会增加你的智慧。”承接上文，说明在分享的过程中自己也会增加智慧。故选G项。 ( 原句 "Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you. Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas. If you are humble enough, you will always get to experience something new." 译文 永远不要根据最流行的观点或最让你舒适的观点来建立你的看法。相反，要训练你的头脑，使其成为一个对各种想法不加评判的空间。如果你足够谦逊，你将总是能够体验到新事物。 分析 句子1: Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you. | +--[否定命令句: Never base your perspective on the most popular opinion or which is the most comfortable for you] 句子2: Instead, train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas. | +--[命令句: train your mind to be a judgment-free space for ideas] 句子3: If you are humble enough, you will always get to experience something new. | +--[条件状语从句: If you are humble enough] +--[主句: you will always get to experience something new] ) ( 1. survive /sərˈvaɪv/ v. 生存 2. challenges /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/ n. 挑战 3. perspectives /pərˈspɛktɪvz/ n. 观点 4. strategies /ˈstrætədʒiz/ n. 策略 5. pathways /ˈpæθˌweɪz/ n. 路径 6. discipline /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ n. 纪律 7. guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/ n. 指导 8. mentors /ˈmɛntɔrz/ n. 导师 9. accumulated /əˈkjuːmjəˌleɪtɪd/ adj. 积累的 10. supervise /ˈsuːpərˌvaɪz/ v. 监督 ) （六） （2024·四川成都·模拟预测）Spanish class scared me in the freshman year. I knew little Spanish before starting the class, and I thought it would be 21 for me. However, Mary, our honored Spanish teacher, who was full of creativity, made her class fun from the beginning. I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, but there was always some slight 22 . Before the exam, Mary often asked us to 23 our lessons by ourselves. But I could remember one day she said, “This time, let’s play a game before going over what you’ve learned.” The game was so interesting that we all 24 ourselves. After the exam, Mary gave us opportunities to make up for our 25 . After each error correction, she would check again. She took things so 26 that she wouldn’t overlook any detail. No wonder she was 27 by us. Mary was 28 and willing to help, within reason, on everything. We could ask her questions at any time. She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class. Because of that, I was 29 enough, and then I could communicate with Spanish speakers outside of class. When she knew our problems, she would give advice. When someone was struggling, she would 30 . Mary’s 31 teaching eventually transformed my 32 into fascination. She infused (灌输) foreign culture into lessons, using music and dance to 33 our language skills. Her personalized attention to each student’s needs fostered a(n) 34 environment. At the end of the term, my Spanish improved, and my confidence soared. Mary left a lasting impact on my 35 for new challenges. 21．A．exciting B．easy C．boring D．beneficial 22．A．variation B．disturbance C．annoyance D．inconvenience 23．A．explain B．describe C．prepare D．review 24．A．challenged B．enjoyed C．trusted D．developed 25．A．experience B．time C．losses D．mistakes 26．A．seriously B．roughly C．modestly D．curiously 27．A．amused B．respected C．judged D．spotted 28．A．understanding B．humble C．athletic D．courageous 29．A．discouraged B．suspected C．heartened D．comforted 30．A．set out B．reach out C．get out D．make out 31．A．passive B．conventional C．voluntary D．innovative 32．A．fear B．sorrow C．anger D．confusion 33．A．know B．match C．enhance D．assess 34．A．secure B．supportive C．economic D．competitive 35．A．pity B．profit C．debate D．desire 【答案速查】 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在大学一年级时，由于几乎不懂西班牙语而对西班牙语课程感到害怕。然而，他们才华横溢且富有创意的西班牙语老师玛丽用她的教学方法和对每个学生的个性化关注，使课堂变得有趣，并帮助作者克服了恐惧，提高了语言能力，并培养了作者面对新挑战的信心。 【详情解析】21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在开始上课之前，我几乎不懂西班牙语，我想这对我来说会很无聊。A. exciting令人激动的；B. easy容易的；C. boring无聊的；D. beneficial有益的。根据上文“I knew little Spanish”可知，作者语言不通，感到上课无聊。故选C。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道每周的日程安排会发生什么，但总会有一些细微的变化。A. variation变化；B. disturbance干扰；C. annoyance烦恼；D. inconvenience不方便。根据上文“I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, but there was always some slight”中but表示转折，说明虽然知道日程安排，但总是会有一些细微的变化。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考前，玛丽经常让我们自己复习功课。A. explain解释；B. describe描述；C. prepare准备；D. review复习。根据后文“before going over what you’ve learned”可知，老师让他们复习功课。故选D。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：游戏很有趣，我们都玩得很开心。A. challenged挑战；B. enjoyed玩得痛快；C. trusted信任；D. developed发展。根据上文“The game was so interesting that we all”可知，游戏有趣，他们玩得高兴，短语enjoy oneself。故选B。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：考试后，玛丽给了我们弥补错误的机会。A. experience经历；B. time时间；C. losses损失；D. mistakes错误。根据后文“After each error correction, she would check again.(每次改正错误后，她都会再检查一遍)”指老师让学生纠错。故选D。 26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她对待事情非常认真，以至于她不会忽视任何细节。A. seriously认真地；B. roughly大概；C. modestly谦虚地；D. curiously好奇地。根据后文“she wouldn’t overlook any detail”可知，不忽视细节说明对待事情认真。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：难怪她受到我们的尊敬。A. amused娱乐；B. respected尊重；C. judged判断；D. spotted发现。根据上文的描述可知，玛丽老师做事认真，得到了学生的尊敬和喜爱。故选B。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：玛丽通情达理，愿意在合理的范围内帮助任何事情。A. understanding善解人意的；B. humble谦虚的；C. athletic运动的；D. courageous勇敢的。根据后文“and willing to help, within reason, on everything”可知，玛丽老师通情达理，愿意提供帮助。故选A。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，我受到了足够的鼓舞，然后我可以在课外和说西班牙语的人交流。A. discouraged使沮丧；B. suspected怀疑；C. heartened激励；D. comforted安慰。根据上文“She encouraged everyone to speak Spanish in class.(她鼓励大家在课堂上说西班牙语)”可知，作者得到了老师的激励。故选C。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当有人挣扎时，她会伸出手来。A. set out出发；B. reach out伸出手；C. get out出去；D. make out辨认。根据上文“willing to help(愿意提供帮助)”和“When she knew our problems, she would give advice.(当她知道我们的问题时，她会给出建议)”可知，玛丽乐于助人，有人有困难，她愿意伸出援手。故选B。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的创新教学最终把我的恐惧变成了迷恋。A. passive被动的；B. conventional传统的；C. voluntary志愿的；D. innovative创新的。根据上文“However, Mary, our honored Spanish teacher, who was full of creativity(然而，我们尊敬的西班牙语老师玛丽，她充满了创造力)”可知，玛丽的教学是创新的。故选D。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的创新教学最终把我的恐惧变成了迷恋。A. fear恐惧；B. sorrow悲伤；C. anger愤怒；D. confusion困惑。根据上文“Spanish class scared me in the freshman year.(大一时的西班牙语课把我吓坏了)”可知，作者一开始害怕西班牙语课。故选A。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把外国文化融入到课程中，用音乐和舞蹈来提高我们的语言技能。A. know知道；B. match匹配；C. enhance提高；D. assess评估。根据后文“our language skills”可知，把外国文化融入到课程中，用音乐和舞蹈是为了提高我们的语言技能。故选C。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每个学生的个性化关注培养了一个良好的支持性环境。A. secure稳固的；B. supportive支持的；C. economic经济的；D. competitive竞争的。根据上文“Her personalized attention to each student’s needs”可知，老师关注每一个学生，即支持学生、关注学生培养了一个良好的支持性环境。故选B。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛丽给我对新挑战的渴望留下了持久的影响。A. pity遗憾；B. profit利益；C. debate辩论；D. desire渴望。根据上文“At the end of the term, my Spanish improved, and my confidence soared.(学期结束时，我的西班牙语提高了，我的信心大增)”可知，作者自信增强了，所以渴望新挑战。故选D。 ( 原句 "I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, but there was always some slight variation." 译文 我知道每周的时间表是什么样的，但总会有一些细微的变化。 主句1: I knew what to expect with a schedule for each week, | +--[宾语: what to expect with a schedule for each week] | +--[宾语从句: what to expect with a schedule for each week] 连接词: but 主句2: there was always some slight variation. ) ( 1. variation /ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən/ n. 变化 2. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvɪti/ n. 创造力 3. opportunities /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnɪtiz/ n. 机会 4. mistakes /mɪˈsteɪks/ n. 错误 5. seriously /ˈsɪriəsli/ adv. 认真地 6. respected /rɪˈspɛktɪd/ adj. 受尊敬的 7. understanding /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 体谅的 8. heartened /ˈhɑːrtənd/ adj. 受到鼓舞的 9. accumulated /əˈkjuːmjəˌleɪtɪd/ adj. 积累的 10 transformed /trænsˈfɔːrmd/ v. 转变 ) （一） （2024·北京·高考真题）When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns. In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless. But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints. Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going. Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments. 1．How did the author feel about the result of the art exam? A．Scared. B．Worried. C．Discouraged. D．Wronged. 2．In her 30s, the author _________. A．avoided oil painting practice B．sought for a painting career C．fancied abstract painting D．exhibited child paintings 3．Which word would best describe the author’s dream? A．Confusing. B．Empowering. C．Disturbing. D．Entertaining. 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Hard work is the mother of success. C．Dreams are the reflections of realities. D．Creative activities involve being confident. 【答案速查】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。 【详情解析】1．推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much.  (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。 （二） （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷C篇·高考真题）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 5．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 6．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 7．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 8．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案速查】5．D 6．A 7．A 8．C 【语篇解读】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【详情解析】5．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 （三） （2024·浙江·高考真题）In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 9 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you? 10 We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 11 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going. The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 12 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 13 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. A．But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. B．Your motivation should be your main concern. C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education? D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E．The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. 【答案速查】9．G 10．F 11．A 12．D 13．E 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。 【详情解析】9．由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 10．由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 11．由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. (在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。 12．由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。 13．由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故E选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。 （四） （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷完形填空·高考真题）I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend 14 a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running 15 , but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was 16 for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I 17 it! Between the girl making my 18 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only 19 I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I 20 cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I 21 of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I 22 her bike and went for a ride. The 23 : the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 24 . That day, I got 25 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as 26 . I’ve 27 a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever 28 I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 14．A．knew B．held C．won D．quit 15．A．regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently 16．A．asking B．looking C．waiting D．training 17．A．made B．believed C．hated D．deserved 18．A．advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence 19．A．way B．risk C．place D．reason 20．A．gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with 21．A．heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved 22．A．painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked 23．A．problem B．secret C．principle D．advice 24．A．dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges 25．A．passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped 26．A．reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing 27．A．traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried 28．A．limits B．dates C．goals D．tests 【答案速查】 14．C 15．A 16．D 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．C 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．B 28．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。 【详情解析】14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my 5 seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。 20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only 6 I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such 11 .”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The 10 : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such 11 .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got 　　12　　by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　　15　　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标”，符合语境。故选C项。 Task 1 本专题的主题语境是“人与自我”，话题是“生活与学习”，与学生们的日常生活和学习密切相关，旨在帮助学生们认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ 思维导图参考 高考真题演练（二）2024·新课标Ⅰ卷C篇 Task 2 （2024·山东·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 On a sunny Friday morning, Mr. Stone, the Grade 4 head teacher, walked into the classroom with a new student following him. She was a lively girl from Mexico, and her red mushroom hair cut immediately drew everyone’s eyes. With a welcoming smile, Mr. Stone gestured for her to sit beside Mike, a student known for teasing others. During break time, Mike couldn’t help but laugh when he caught sight of his new deskmate. Sara’s distinctive hairstyle seemed like an open invitation for him to make fun of her. Leaning in towards Sara, he playfully suggested, “Hey, Sara. Ever thought about changing your name to Dora? You look just like Dora the Explorer!” His words caused laughter and cheers from the others in the classroom. Sara’s eyes filled with tears, her cheeks turning red with embarrassment. Feeling hurt and upset, she stood up suddenly, rushing to the teacher’s office to seek support from Mr. Stone. After hearing her story, Mr. Stone offered her gentle comfort, saying, “Sara, your hairstyle is truly pretty. Remember, everyone has their own sense of beauty.” Mr. Stone then directed his attention to Mike, expressing his disappointment and urging Mike to apologize to Sara. “Mike,” he continued, “your actions were unkind. We must treat everyone with empathy(同情). Laughing at Sara’s hair has deeply hurt her.” This conflict was temporarily settled, but Mr. Stone found himself lost in thought. Reflecting on his own childhood, Mr. Stone recalled how he had been teased for being overweight. The pain caused by hurtful words was like wrinkles on a crumpled(压皱的)ball of paper. Even if you smoothed them out, the wrinkles stayed. He wanted to teach an important lesson to Mike, the troublemaker. Then, a unique strategy came to mind. He contacted Mike’s mother, explaining the situation and discussing a plan with her to develop empathy in her son. They agreed that over the weekend, Mike’s mother would arrange for Mike to have his hair cut extremely short. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 On Monday morning, Mike unwillingly approached the classroom.__________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ At that moment, Mr. Stone walked into the classroom with a ball of paper._____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文赏析】On Monday morning, Mike unwillingly approached the classroom. Feeling nervous and embarrassed, his heart was heavy with worry that his classmates would tease him. His hair had been cut so short that the skin under the hair was nearly visible. As he stepped through the door，the room erupted in giggles, nicknaming him “Baldy.” A few curious boys came up and attempted to touch his newly shaved head. Overwhelmed by shame and anger, Mike shouted out, “You are mean!” Tears welled up in his eyes as Mike stood up and ran towards the door. At that moment, Mr. Stone walked into the classroom with a ball of paper. With a gentle pat on Mike’s shoulder, he guided him back to his seat. As Mr. Stone made his way to the platform, the room fell silent. Holding up the crumpled ball of paper, he began to smooth out its wrinkles. “Each fold represented a scar of hurtful words. Even when we try to apologize,” Mr. Stone explained softly, “the wounds remain. Let us always speak with kindness and warmth.” From that day on, Mike learned a valuable lesson: the importance of kindness and empathy. 【语篇解读】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了小学四年级的班主任Mr. Stone在一次课间休息时发现新学生Sara被同学Mike因为发型而嘲笑，感到伤心。Mr. Stone不仅安慰了Sara，还教育了Mike要尊重他人，对Mike进行了深刻的反思，想起自己童年也曾因体重被嘲笑。为了帮助Mike理解别人的感受，Mr. Stone与Mike的母亲合作，计划让Mike体验被嘲笑的滋味，通过这种方式培养他的同理心。 【详情解析】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“星期一早上，Mike不情愿地走近教室。”可知，第一段可描写他走进教室后被同学们嘲笑，还有同学给他起外号，他羞愧且愤怒的跑出教室。 ②由第二段首句内容“就在这时，Mr. Stone先生拿着一团纸走进了教室。”可知，第二段可描写引导Mike回到座位，用褶皱的纸形象的说明伤人的话语对人造成的伤害，以及Mike的感悟。 2.续写线索：走进教室——嘲笑——羞愧——跑出教室——回到座位——褶皱的纸——伤人的话语——宝贵一课——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①嘲笑：tease/joke about/mock ②引导：guide/direct/conduct ③大喊：shout/cry out/scream 情绪类 ①紧张的：nervous/anxious/worried ②愤怒：anger/rage/irritation 【点睛】[高分句型1] Feeling nervous and embarrassed, his heart was heavy with worry that his classmates would tease him. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] As Mr. Stone made his way to the platform, the room fell silent. (运用了As引导的时间状语从句) ( 4 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$