语法填空2 (名词)导学案-2024届高三英语二轮复习

语法填空 (动词类)导学案

课堂学习任务

Task 1.名词的单复数变换

1. For most of us the ___________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
2. As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest（large）tea-producing country, China has a ___________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
3. Recent ___________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
4. She has turned down several ___________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
5. One study showed that ___________(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.

 

A.可数名词复数的规则变化：

1. 一般在词尾加s，如：

   desk ________；brother _____；map _________；bridge _______

2. 以s ,x ,sh ,ch 结尾的单词加es, 例如：

bus _____________；watch _____________；box _____________；brush ____________；特stomach _________

3. 以y结尾的的单词有两种情况，以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es，如：

baby _____________；city _____________；country _____________

4. 以辅音+o结尾无生命的名词，直接加s，如：

piano _____________；photo _____________；kilo ________________

以辅音+o结尾有生命(包括动植物）的名词，加es，如：

hero _____________； tomato _____________；potato _____________

5. 有些以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变v加es，如：

leaf _____________；half _____________；wife_____________；wolf _____________；knife _____________；loaf_____________

有部分单词直接加s。如:

cliff_____________；chief_____________；roof_____________；belief _____________；proof _____________；reef_____________

下面这些以f结尾的词前两种变化都是可以的。

scarf _____________； dwarf _____________；handkerchief _____________

6. 以th结尾的词s,如：

bath _____________；path _____________；mouth _____________；month _____________

B.可数名词复数的不规则变化：

1. 内部元音字母发生变化。单词如：

man ________；woman ________；tooth ________；foot ________；

gooes ________；mouse ________；louse ________

2. 词尾加en或ren。单词如：

ox ________；child ________

3. 单复数同形的情况。

1)        某些动物的名称，如： sheep，bison，deer ...，

2)        -craft构成的合成名词，如 spacecraft ，aircraft

3)        表示某国人的名词，如:Chinese， Japanese ，Swiss

4)        其它单复数同形的单词，如：means 方法， crossroads 十字路口 ，headquarters 总部 ，series 系列 ，species 种类

4. 英语中的某些外来词，其复数变化很特殊。如：

bacterium ->bacteria 细菌；penny -> pennies/pence 便士；medium -> media 媒体；

datum -> data 资料；phenomenon -> phenomena 现象；formula ->formulace 公式；

basis->bases 基础；thesis->theses 论文；crisis->crises 危机

5. 特殊单词讲解

1)        fish 表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes;表示条数时，复数形式为fish。如：

2)        penny指硬币的个数时，复数形式为pennies;指面值时，复数形式为pence。如：

3)        people指“人们”时是集体名词，只有复数形式具为people;指“民族”时，单数为people,复数形式为peoples。

4)        works 表示“工厂”时，单复数同形；表示“著作”时，单数形式为work,复数形式为works;表示“工作”时，则是不可数名词。如：

C.复合名词的复数变化

1. 有主体名词时，s应加在主体名词的词尾。如：

passer-by -> passers-by 过路人; new-comer -> new->comers 新来的人;

sister-in-law -> sisters-in-law 嫂子; son-in-law ->sons-in-law 女婿

2. 没有主体名词时，s直接加在合成词的词尾。如：

go-between -> go-betweens 中间人，媒人; grown-up -> grown-ups 成年人

3. 当前面的名词作为后面的名词的定语时，只将后面的单词变为复数。当作定语的名词是sports或clothes时，此复数形式要保留。如：

a toy shop -> toy shops 玩具店; a sports meeting -> sports meetings 运动会

a clothes shop -> clothes shops 服装店; woman teacher -> women teachers 女老师

man doctor ->men doctors 男医生; man cook -> men cooks 男厨师

woman writer -> women writers 女作家

D.集合名词的数

集合名词有形式为单数的集合名词和形式为复数的集合名词。其可以类为：

1. 形式为单数，但意义可以用为单数或复数。

family(家庭），team(队)，class(班)，audience(听众)等。若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。

2. 形式为单数，但意义永远为复数。

cattle(牛，牲畜)，people(人)，police(警察)等。只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(连用)。

3. 形式为复数，意义也为复数。

goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等。这类词只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语也用复数)，但通常不与数词连用。

4. 形式为单数，意义也为单数。

baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等。这类词是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。

5. 有些集体名词本身既表示单数意义又表示复数意义。

当这些集体名词被视为一个整体时，表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数。如：

1)        The family is no large. (指家庭这个整体)

2)        The government has taken effective measures to solve the problem with laid-off workers.(指政府这个整体)

当强调这个群体的成员时，表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用复数。如：

1)        The family are all music lovers.(指一家人)

2)        The government usually hold a meeting before making any critical decisions.(指政府人员)

 

Task 2.名词事与人的辨别

6.          My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a ___________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
7.          Lauren was considered to be one of the greatest ___________ (invent) in the s.

Task 3.其它词转换成名词

8.          The far side of the moon is of particular ___________(interesting) to scientists.
9.          Filled with ___________(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
10.      The species could grow up to six feet in ___________(long).It lived in lakes and rivers.
11.      In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ___________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
12.      Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).
13.      In 1990 they bought it for 100$, and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ (marry) ceremony in .
14.      It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___________ (develop) of the local areas.

动词转化成名词