一、英语句子成分-【赢在起点】2024年初高中衔接教材英语

赢在起点·初升高知识衔接 英语 第二节 句法知识 等。 把拟受 学衔第点 一、英语句子成分 真拨石 衔接目标导引 构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分:主要成分有主语和谓 语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 初中知识回 一、主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语 不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、 不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。如: Since the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) They often speak English after class.(代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To swim in thedeep river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Eating too much does harm to your health.(动名词) The rich shouldhelp the poor.(名词化的形容词) What he needs isa book.(主语从句) It is necessary for ustomaster a foreign language.Git作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式 It is very clear that the elephant is round andtall like a tree.(it 作形式主语,主语从句是真 正主语) 二、谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语 之后。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如:She practises running every morning. 2.复合谓语 (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如: You may keep the book for three weeks. The little girl has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如 We are students now. 三、表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介 词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如: Our foreign teacher is an American.(名词) Are they yours?(代词) The weather has turned warm.(形容词) The lecture is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one.(数词) Her job isto teach English.(不定式) Her hobby(爱好) is singing popular songs.(动名词) The old machine must be out of order. (介词短语) 48 第三部分 巧对照 -初高中知识衔接 Time is up. Class is over.(副词) The truth is that she has never been abroad. (表语从句) 四、宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 如: He went to see a film yesterday. (名词) The thick fog prevented us from coming to school on time.(代词) -How many books do you have? -I have fifty.(数词) We helped the old with their housework yesterday,(名词化形容词) She pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) He enjoys listening to popular songs.(动名词短语 We think(that) she is fit for her job.(宾语从句) 宾语种类: (1)双宾语(间接宾语十直接宾语),如:Lendmeyourruler,please (2)复合宾语(宾语十宾补),如:Weelectedhimourmonitor. 重温中者 分析句子成分,用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子 1. Judy made a careless mistake again because she never does things (care). (do) sports is good for us. 3. There are some boys (swim) in the river 高中新课学习 初识点一 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完 整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等十宾语十宾补)。宾补可由名词。 形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。如: His father named him Jack.(名词) He painted his wall yellow.(形容词) Let the dog out.(副词) You mustn't force her to lend her money to you.(不定式短语 We saw him entering the room.(现在分词) He found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) We will soon make our school what your school is now.(从句) 知识定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下形式表示 Hangzhou is a beautiful city.(形容词) The man who is talking With Mr. Smith is our English teacher. (定语从句) China is a developing country while the USA is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty men teachers in our school.(名词) Her rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) Our teaching plan for the next term has been worked out.(动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn a foreign language.(介词短语) 识: 状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫作状语。可由以下 形式表示: Lighttravelsmost quickly.(副词及副词性词组 14 赢在起点·初升高知识衔接 英语 We have lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) She is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) The boy is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) Wait aminute, please!(名词) Once you begin,you must continue.(状语从句 状语的种类如下: How about meeting again at seven?(时间状语 Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the heavy rain.(原因状语) We shall go there if it doesn't rain. (条件状语) Mrs. Green lives on the third floor. (地点状语) He put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语) He came in with a book in his hand.(伴随状语) In order to catch up with the others,we must workharder.(目的状语 She was so tired that she fell asleep immediately.(结果状语) Tu Youyou works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) I am taller thanshe is.(比较状语) 【名师点津】 句子成分速记口诀: 主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无! 随堂达标演练 从方框内的选项中选出下列句子划线部分的句子成分,选项可以重复使用 A. 主语 B.谓语 C. 宾语 D. 系表 E. 定语 F. 状语 G. 表语 1. Tintin appeared in China in the 1980s. 2. I hope I can continue to make progress next year. 3. We have played football for a year and now we all feel very fit. 4. When I was four years old, I sat close to the radio in the living room. 5. Watching films and listening to songs are great ways to learn English. 二、英语基本句式 衔接目标导引 因为初中英语的句式基础知识掌握得不扎实,没有掌握基本句型,很多刚进入高一的学生认 不清句子结构,缺乏分析句子的能力,写出来的句子有的语序混乱,有的缺失成分。要知道再复杂 的英语句子也是在基本句型的基础上扩展、组合、省略或倒装而来的。因此,帮助学生掌握五大基 本句型是初高中英语教学衔接的关键一步。 ·主语十谓语(不及物动词) 初中考点 主语十谓语(不及物动词)十状语 ·主语十谓语(及物动词)十宾语 ·主语十谓语(及物动词)十宾语十状语 高中考点 ·主语十谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语十直接宾语 主语+谓语(及物动词)十宾语十宾语补足语 ·主语十连系动词十表语 50參考答案 n. 3.【答案】swimming 1.Put on 2.go on with 3.put off 4.heard of: 【解析】句意：有一些男孩子正在河里游泳。分析 broke out:put out 5.put on 句子结构可知，此句There be sb.doing sth.十地 七，介词和介词短语 点。在某地有某人正在做某事。此空用非谓语动 重温中考 词：boys与swim是主动关系，所以用现在分词 L.【答案】on swimming作补语，故填swimming 【解析】句意：在网上你几乎可以买到一切东西，而 随堂达标演练 且很简单。“在互联网上”用on the Internet表示。 1.B考查句子成分。句意：Tintin出现在20世纪 2.【答案】in 80年代的中国。分析句子结构可知，ppeared是 【解析】介词n用于将来时态，表示在一段时间 句子的谓语，故选B。 之后或之内。 2.C考查句子成分。句意：我希望明年我能继续取 3.【答案】in:for 得进步。分析句子结构可知，to make progress位 【解析】句意：一还有一周中学时代就结束了。 于动词continue后，因此作的是宾语，故选C。 你感觉怎样？一我正尽力保持冷静，因为我们在 3.F考查句子成分。句意：我们已经踢了一年的足球， 一起三年了。表示将来的一段时间通常用介词i, 现在我们都感觉很健康。分析句子结构可知，fora 而表示一段时间则用介词or year修饰的是played football,.因此作的是状语，故 随堂达标演练 选F。 1.【答案】 for 4.E考查句子成分。句意：当我四岁的时候，我坐在 【解析】空格后one hour为时间段，故前面的介 客厅里收音机旁边。分析句子结构可知，living位 词用for来表示时间段， 于room的前面，修饰的是名词room,因此作的是 2.【答案】before 定语，故选E 【解析】句意：许多年轻人把手机游戏置于其他任 5.A考查句子成分。句意：看电影和听歌曲是学习 何事情之前，对他们正常的生活考虑甚少。before 莫语的好方法。分析句子结构可知，Watching “在…之前”，此处表示抽象意义。 films and listening to songs位于be动词are的前 3.【答案】 from 面，是动名词短语作主语，故选A。 【解析】 frOm“从…”，表示获取某物的来源。 二，英语基本句式 4.【答案】among 重温中考 【解析】由句意可知是在学生们之间，结合students 可知是三者以上，故用among。 (1)DYou should study hard. 5.【答案】 in 2She went home very late yesterday. 【解析】iven意为“居住在…”，为固定搭配。 That morning we talked a great deal. 6.【答案】except DThe meeting will last two hours. 【解析】句意：一艾丽斯，你想和我们一起去远足 (2)DI wrote a letter last night. 吗？一真遗憾！我每天都有空，除了今天。except 2I want to talk with you this afternoon. “除了”，根据句意可知是不包括今天，所以用except, He has read this book many times. 7.【答案】as They have carried out the plan successfully. 【解析】句意：汉语作为一门外语将会在世界被广 随堂达标演练 泛地运用。be used as'“被用作…”，结合句意可 (1)DMr Johnson taught us German last year. 知应用5。 Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 第二节句法知识 Mary handed the schoolmaster the wallet. 一，英语句子成分 1Would you please pass me the dictionary? 重温中考 (2)0DAll of us considered him honest. 1.【答案】 carefully 2They pushed the door open. 【解析】本题考查句子成分。句意：Judy又犯了 They have set the thief free. 相心的错误，因为她从来不认真地做事情。分析句 4We will make our school more beautiful. 子成分，此处需要用cre的副词形式修饰动词 三，动词的时态 does;故填carefully. 重温中考 2.【答案】Doing l.【答案】dates 【解析】考查动名词。结合提示诃和空后的 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他的家族历 sports可知，此处为固定用法dosp0rts做运动，此 史可以追溯到18世纪。分析句子结构和意思可 用法中d0为一个实义动词：分析句子结构可知，此 知，这句话描述的是客观情况，谓语用一般现在时， 处应用其动名词形式doing,doing sports此处为句 主语是His family history,谓语用第三人称单数形 子的主语：注意句首字母要大写，故填Doing. 式。故填dates。. 187