Unit 3 Learning About Language（导学案)-【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高二英语同步学与练（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 3 Food and Culture Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案） 2024年课程标准 学习目标 本单元的单元主题语境是Food and Culture，该课时是其语法项目教学：The Past Perfect Tense。语法是指导人们正确使用语言的行动准则，它来自于活生生的语言，并运用于语言的交际活动，对一个语法项目的真正掌握应体现在对语言形式、语义和语用三方面的活用上。 【语言能力】 总结过去完成时的定义和公式及用法。 【思维品质】 培养识别和使用过去完成时的能力。 【文化意识】 在给定的情境中培养逻辑思维和创造性思维的能力。 【观察例句】 1．When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 2．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 3．A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it. 4．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. 过去完成时 ►1.过去完成时的定义：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。 ►2.过去完成时的基本结构：had＋动词过去分词 (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽约。 (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her.那时我们还没有见到她。 (3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. —Had you visited here before?——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./No，I hadn't.——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here?你来这里前还去过哪儿？ (5)被动语态：主语＋had(not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done.到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。 【变式练2-1】He ________________(work) in the store for five years before he moved here. 【变式练2-2】When I got to the station，the train ________________ (leave)． 【变式练2-3】The task ___________________ (finish) before 12：00 yesterday. ►3.基本用法： 1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr. Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。 5．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 7．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。 8．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc)time (that)．..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。 【变式练3-1】We _______________(build) five new buildings by the end of last year. 【变式练3-2】I could see from her face that she __________________(receive) some good news. 【变式练3-3】He said he __________________(be) there before. 【变式练3-4】We realized we __________________(lose) our way. 【变式练3-5】We ____________________(hope) that you would be able to visit us. ►4.与现在完成时的区别： 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 比较：I have learned 1，000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 I had learned 1，000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 —I'm sorry to keep you waiting.——对不起，让你久等了。 —Oh，not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.——没什么，我只等了几分钟。 【变式练4-1】The concert ________________ (start)．We have to look for our seats in the dark. 【变式练4-2】You're too late；the train __________________ (leave)． 【变式练4-3】He _________________ (teach) English for twenty years when he retired. 【变式练4-4】They ______________ (get) everything ready before I came. ►5.过去完成时的被动语态：过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：had＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished.当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended?地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet.任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to.他做了别人叫他做的事。 另：当从句由after，before，when或as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived，he called her.他到达时，给她打了电话。 They locked the door before they left.在离开前，他们把门锁上了。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in.那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1000多人在地震中丧生。 [名师点津] 过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 例如：This polluted river has been cleaned.这条被污染了的河流已被净化。 析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。 例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese.他说这本书已被译成日语。 析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。 【变式练5-1】The earthquake ________________________ (predict) several days before. 【变式练5-2】The device ______________________ (use) operationally some months previously. 【变式练5-3】Our classroom _______________________ (clean)．You needn't clean it now. 【变式练5-4】The child _________________(take) care of by grandma all these years. 【总结感悟】-构建知识体系 1、 单词拼写 1. Red braised p________ is one of the most famous Chinese dishes. 2. The situation has improved ________ (稍微) during the past year. 3. My mother finally convinced me to start counting c________ in order not to become overweight. 4. The foods were divided into six different ________ (类别). 5. Fruit and vegetables are high in ________ (纤维) content. 6. We consumed vast q________ of food and drink that night. 7. ________ (总体上), our position is stronger than it was last year. 8. I really love the area and see it as an i________ place to start my new life. 9. We need to make ________ (基本的) changes to the way in which we treat our environment. 10.Daniel leaned back on the sofa, still c________ on his apple. 二、完成句子 1. 昨晚八点前我们已经准备好了这道菜的材料。 _________________________ by eight o'clock last night. 2. 她意识到她把糖当成了盐。 She realized she _________________________. 3. 安迪告诉我他已看过那本食谱。 Andy told me _________________________. 4. 史密斯先生离开这家餐厅时，他已当主厨十五年了。 By the time Mr. Smith left the canteen, _________________________. 5. 所有的工具在实验开始前就已经准备好了。 All the tools _________________________ before the experiment began. 6. 当消防员到达时，大火已经被扑灭。 When firefighters arrived, _________________________. 三、语法填空 As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact 1.________  these huge creatures were being held by only a thin rope tied to their front leg. No chains, no 2.________    (cage). It was obvious that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their bonds. But for some reason, they did not.He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these elephants just stood there and made no attempt 3.________   (get) away. “Well，” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much 4.________ (small), we use the same size rope to tie them,  and at that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they 5.________  (condition) to believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope can still hold them, 6.________   they never try to break free.”The man was amazed. These elephants could at any time break free from their bonds but because they 7.________  (believe) they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were.Like the elephants, how many of us go through life 8.________   (hang) onto the belief that we cannot do something, 9.________ (simple) because we failed in it once before?10.________ (fail) is part of learning. We should never give up the struggle in life. ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Food and Culture Period 2 Learning About Language（导学案） 2024年课程标准 学习目标 本单元的单元主题语境是Food and Culture，该课时是其语法项目教学：The Past Perfect Tense。语法是指导人们正确使用语言的行动准则，它来自于活生生的语言，并运用于语言的交际活动，对一个语法项目的真正掌握应体现在对语言形式、语义和语用三方面的活用上。 【语言能力】 总结过去完成时的定义和公式及用法。 【思维品质】 培养识别和使用过去完成时的能力。 【文化意识】 在给定的情境中培养逻辑思维和创造性思维的能力。 【观察例句】 1．When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 2．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. 3．A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it. 4．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. 【归纳用法】 1．例句1和2的黑体部分为过去完成时，其构成为“had＋动词过去分词”，表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。 2．例句3和4的黑体部分为过去完成时的被动语态形式，其构成为“had＋been＋动词过去分词”，表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作。 过去完成时 ►1.过去完成时的定义：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。 ►2.过去完成时的基本结构：had＋动词过去分词 (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽约。 (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her.那时我们还没有见到她。 (3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. —Had you visited here before?——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./No，I hadn't.——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here?你来这里前还去过哪儿？ (5)被动语态：主语＋had(not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done.到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。 【变式练2-1】He ________________(work) in the store for five years before he moved here. 【变式练2-2】When I got to the station，the train ________________ (leave)． 【变式练2-3】The task ___________________ (finish) before 12：00 yesterday. 【答案】1. had worked 2. had left 3. had been finished ►3.基本用法： 1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr. Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。 5．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 7．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我们本来希望能来看看你。 8．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc)time (that)．..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。 【变式练3-1】We _______________(build) five new buildings by the end of last year. 【变式练3-2】I could see from her face that she __________________(receive) some good news. 【变式练3-3】He said he __________________(be) there before. 【变式练3-4】We realized we __________________(lose) our way. 【变式练3-5】We ____________________(hope) that you would be able to visit us. 【答案】1. had built 2. had received 3.had been 4.had lost 5.had hoped ►4.与现在完成时的区别： 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 比较：I have learned 1，000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 I had learned 1，000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。 —I'm sorry to keep you waiting.——对不起，让你久等了。 —Oh，not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.——没什么，我只等了几分钟。 【变式练4-1】The concert ________________ (start)．We have to look for our seats in the dark. 【变式练4-2】You're too late；the train __________________ (leave)． 【变式练4-3】He _________________ (teach) English for twenty years when he retired. 【变式练4-4】They ______________ (get) everything ready before I came. 【答案】1. has started 2. has left 3. had taught 4.had got ►5.过去完成时的被动语态：过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1．过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：had＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2．过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished.当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended?地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet.任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to.他做了别人叫他做的事。 另：当从句由after，before，when或as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived，he called her.他到达时，给她打了电话。 They locked the door before they left.在离开前，他们把门锁上了。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in.那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1000多人在地震中丧生。 [名师点津] 过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 例如：This polluted river has been cleaned.这条被污染了的河流已被净化。 析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。 例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese.他说这本书已被译成日语。 析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。 【变式练5-1】The earthquake ________________________ (predict) several days before. 【变式练5-2】The device ______________________ (use) operationally some months previously. 【变式练5-3】Our classroom _______________________ (clean)．You needn't clean it now. 【变式练5-4】The child _________________(take) care of by grandma all these years. 【答案】1. had been predicted 2. had been used 3. has been cleaned 4.has been taken 【总结感悟】-构建知识体系 1、 单词拼写 1. Red braised p________ is one of the most famous Chinese dishes. 2. The situation has improved ________ (稍微) during the past year. 3. My mother finally convinced me to start counting c________ in order not to become overweight. 4. The foods were divided into six different ________ (类别). 5. Fruit and vegetables are high in ________ (纤维) content. 6. We consumed vast q________ of food and drink that night. 7. ________ (总体上), our position is stronger than it was last year. 8. I really love the area and see it as an i________ place to start my new life. 9. We need to make ________ (基本的) changes to the way in which we treat our environment. 10.Daniel leaned back on the sofa, still c________ on his apple. 【答案】1. pork 2. somewhat 3. calories 4. categories 5. fibre 6. quantities 7. Overall 8. ideal 9. fundamental 10. chewing 二、完成句子 1. 昨晚八点前我们已经准备好了这道菜的材料。 _________________________ by eight o'clock last night. 2. 她意识到她把糖当成了盐。 She realized she _________________________. 3. 安迪告诉我他已看过那本食谱。 Andy told me _________________________. 4. 史密斯先生离开这家餐厅时，他已当主厨十五年了。 By the time Mr. Smith left the canteen, _________________________. 5. 所有的工具在实验开始前就已经准备好了。 All the tools _________________________ before the experiment began. 6. 当消防员到达时，大火已经被扑灭。 When firefighters arrived, _________________________. 【答案】1.We had prepared the ingredients for this dish 2. had mistaken sugar for salt 3. he had read the recipe book 4. he had worked as a chef for 15 years 5. had been prepared 6. the big fire had been put out 三、语法填空 As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact 1.________  these huge creatures were being held by only a thin rope tied to their front leg. No chains, no 2.________    (cage). It was obvious that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their bonds. But for some reason, they did not.He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these elephants just stood there and made no attempt 3.________   (get) away. “Well，” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much 4.________ (small), we use the same size rope to tie them,  and at that age, it's enough to hold them. As they grow up, they 5.________  (condition) to believe they cannot break away. They believe the rope can still hold them, 6.________   they never try to break free.”The man was amazed. These elephants could at any time break free from their bonds but because they 7.________  (believe) they couldn't, they were stuck right where they were.Like the elephants, how many of us go through life 8.________   (hang) onto the belief that we cannot do something, 9.________ (simple) because we failed in it once before?10.________ (fail) is part of learning. We should never give up the struggle in life. 【答案】 1.that'考查同位语从句。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容，that不作句子成分，不可以省略。 2.cages'考查名词复数。句意：没有链子，(也)没有笼子。根据前面的chains可知此处用复数。 3.to get'考查非谓语动词。句意：他看到附近有一位驯兽师，就问为什么这些大象只是站在那里，不试着逃脱。make no attempt to do sth.不尝试做某事。 4.smaller'考查形容词的比较级。此处表示与现在相比“更小”的时候，且前有much修饰，故用形容词的比较级。 5.are conditioned'考查固定用法。句意：随着它们长大，它们已经习惯了相信它们不能逃脱。be conditioned to习惯于。 6.so'考查连词。设空处前后为因果关系，所以用so。 7.believed'考查动词的时态。根据前边的could和宾语从句的时态可知用一般过去时。 8.hanging'考查非谓语动词。hang和主语之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。 9.simply'考查副词。此处应用副词作状语。 10.Failure'考查名词。句意：失败是学习的一部分。此处为名词作主语。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$